Affinage

EPHA3

Ephrin type-A receptor 3 · UniProt P29320

Length
983 aa
Mass
110.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

EphA3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces ephrin-A ligand signals to control cell migration, axon guidance, and tissue morphogenesis during development and in disease. Its kinase domain is autoinhibited by an unphosphorylated juxtamembrane segment that blocks the active site; autophosphorylation of two juxtamembrane tyrosines relieves this inhibition and enables signal transduction through downstream pathways including MAPK, AKT, and PI3K/BMX/STAT3 (PMID:18547520, PMID:22829656, PMID:23410976). In the nervous system, EphA3 modulates axon elongation both through classical ephrin-A-dependent forward signaling and through ligand-independent presenilin/γ-secretase cleavage that generates an intracellular domain binding non-muscle myosin IIA to inhibit RhoA and promote cytoskeletal rearrangement (PMID:31577226, PMID:30237102); cis-interaction with ephrinA5 silences EphA3 trans-signaling independently of its canonical ligand-binding domain (PMID:16491080). In cancer, EphA3 functions as a context-dependent tumor suppressor—somatic mutations disrupt kinase activity, ligand binding, or surface localization, and wild-type re-expression suppresses AKT signaling and tumor growth—while in glioblastoma it maintains tumor-initiating cells via MAPK signaling (PMID:22242939, PMID:22829656, PMID:23410976).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Defining how EphA3 assembles signaling-competent oligomeric complexes with ephrin-A5 identified three essential receptor surface areas, one outside previously characterized interaction domains, establishing the structural requirements for ligand recognition and receptor clustering.

    Evidence Random mutagenesis screen of EphA3 in yeast with functional characterization of ephrin-A5 binding and signaling

    PMID:14660665

    Open questions at the time
    • No full-length receptor-ligand co-crystal structure
    • Contribution of the third novel contact area to in vivo signaling unclear
  2. 2006 High

    Two parallel discoveries revealed that EphA3 can be silenced in cis by co-expressed ephrinA5 through a mechanism independent of the canonical ligand-binding domain, and that EphA3 is essential for cardiac mesenchymal transformation during septum and cushion development, establishing dual roles in axon guidance regulation and organogenesis.

    Evidence FRET, point mutagenesis, and retinal axon functional assays for cis-silencing; EphA3 knockout mouse analysis with endocardial cushion explant migration assays for cardiac role

    PMID:16491080 PMID:17046737

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the cis interaction is undefined
    • Which downstream effectors mediate EphA3-driven EMT in the heart is unknown
    • Whether cis-silencing operates in non-retinal tissues is untested
  3. 2008 High

    Crystal structures of the EphA3 kinase domain resolved the autoinhibition mechanism: the unphosphorylated juxtamembrane segment directly occludes the active site, and autophosphorylation of two juxtamembrane tyrosines releases catalytic activity through a coupled allosteric pathway connecting the juxtamembrane region, activation loop, and catalytic residues.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of wild-type and mutant EphA3 kinase domains with and without the juxtamembrane segment, combined with kinase activity assays

    PMID:18547520

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of full-length EphA3 in an oligomeric signaling complex remains unknown
    • Role of SAM domain in autoinhibition or activation not addressed
  4. 2012 High

    Characterization of cancer-associated EphA3 mutations demonstrated that somatic mutations impair kinase activity, ligand binding, or surface expression, and that some act as dominant negatives; wild-type EphA3 re-expression suppressed AKT signaling and tumor growth, establishing EphA3 as an ephrin- and kinase-dependent tumor suppressor disrupted in multiple cancer types.

    Evidence Kinase activity, ephrin-binding, and surface localization assays on mutants; dominant-negative analysis; xenograft tumor growth and apoptosis assays with AKT pathway readout

    PMID:22242939 PMID:22829656

    Open questions at the time
    • How dominant-negative mutants suppress wild-type receptor at the structural level is unclear
    • Patient-level genotype-phenotype correlations are limited
  5. 2013 High

    EphA3 was shown to have a context-dependent oncogenic role in glioblastoma, where it marks tumor-initiating cells, maintains stemness via MAPK signaling, and its depletion reduces tumorigenic potential—contrasting with its tumor suppressor function in other cancers and complemented by the finding that EphA3 knockdown induces senescence.

    Evidence EphA3 knockdown and EphA3+ cell depletion in GBM with MAPK signaling analysis; siRNA senescence screen with β-galactosidase, DNA damage, and p53/p16 readouts plus kinase assays on tumor-associated mutants

    PMID:23324396 PMID:23410976

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether EphA3 kinase activity or scaffolding function drives GBM stemness is unresolved
    • Direct substrates mediating MAPK-dependent stemness maintenance are unknown
  6. 2018 High

    A series of studies clarified EphA3's axon guidance mechanism: neurocan blocks NCAM/EphA3 clustering and kinase activation to modulate ephrin-A5-induced growth cone collapse, and EphA3 promotes nasal retinal axon elongation by competing with EphA4 for ephrin-A binding, reducing EphA4/ephexin1 phosphorylation—showing EphA3 acts as both a signal transducer and a competitive inhibitor of co-expressed Eph receptors.

    Evidence NCAM co-immunoprecipitation, EphA3 kinase activation, growth cone collapse assays in cortical interneurons; clustered EphA3-Fc treatment and dominant-negative EphA4 in retinal explants with phosphorylation readouts

    PMID:29670169 PMID:30237102

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether EphA3/EphA4 competition operates in non-retinal axon guidance contexts is untested
    • Stoichiometric requirements for NCAM-EphA3 complex formation are undefined
  7. 2019 High

    Discovery of ligand-independent presenilin/γ-secretase cleavage of EphA3 revealed a non-canonical signaling mode: the released intracellular domain binds NMIIA, increases Ser1943 phosphorylation to promote filament disassembly, and drives axon elongation via RhoA inhibition, establishing a proteolytic activation pathway distinct from classical ephrin-dependent signaling.

    Evidence PS1/EphA3 KO neurons, proteomic identification of EphA3 ICD interactors, Ser1943 phosphorylation assays, ICD rescue experiments, pharmacological NMII inhibition

    PMID:31577226

    Open questions at the time
    • The kinase or phosphatase directly responsible for NMIIA Ser1943 phosphorylation downstream of EphA3 ICD is unknown
    • Whether γ-secretase cleavage of EphA3 occurs in non-neuronal tissues is untested
    • Regulation of the initial extracellular domain shedding step is unclear
  8. 2021 Medium

    EphA3 was identified as a therapeutic surface target on mesenchymal progenitor cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where antibody-mediated killing of EphA3+ cells reduced fibrosis in a humanized mouse model, extending EphA3's disease relevance beyond cancer.

    Evidence Human IPF cell characterization, ifabotuzumab treatment in humanized NSG mice with fibrosis histological assessment

    PMID:33945505

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether EphA3 kinase signaling drives the fibrotic phenotype or merely marks the pathogenic population is unclear
    • Confirmation in independent cohorts and animal models needed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the full-length structure of EphA3 in signaling oligomers, the identity of direct EphA3 kinase substrates mediating MAPK- and AKT-dependent cellular outcomes, whether the γ-secretase cleavage pathway operates beyond neurons, and the structural basis by which cis ephrinA5 silences EphA3 signaling.
  • No full-length EphA3 signaling complex structure
  • Direct kinase substrates largely unidentified
  • In vivo relevance of γ-secretase cleavage in non-neuronal tissues untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
EFNA1EFNA5EPHA4MYH9NCAM1PSEN1

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 EphA3 undergoes a cis interaction with ephrinA5 that is independent of the established ligand-binding domain of EphA3; this cis interaction abolishes tyrosine phosphorylation of EphA3 and results in loss of sensitivity of retinal axons to ephrinAs in trans, effectively silencing EphA3 signaling. Truncated EphA3 constructs, single-amino acid point mutants of ephrinA5, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and functional retinal axon assays Nature neuroscience High 16491080
2008 The crystal structure of the EphA3 kinase domain revealed that the unphosphorylated juxtamembrane region blocks catalysis by interacting with the active site; autophosphorylation of two juxtamembrane tyrosines relieves this inhibition, and a conserved coupled pathway of residues connects the juxtamembrane segment, activation loop, and catalytic residues. High-resolution X-ray crystallography of wild-type and site-specific mutants of EphA3 kinase domain with and without juxtamembrane segment; kinase activity assays Structure High 18547520
2003 Three EphA3 surface areas are essential for EphA3/ephrin-A5 recognition and assembly of signaling-competent oligomeric receptor-ligand complexes; two map to previously identified Eph/ephrin interfaces and a third is a novel contact area outside the structurally characterized interaction domains. Random mutagenesis of EphA3 expressed in yeast, selection for impaired ephrin-A5 binding, functional characterization of point mutants The Journal of biological chemistry High 14660665
2006 EphA3 null mice exhibit significant defects in atrial septa and atrioventricular endocardial cushion development; EphA3 and its ligand ephrin-A1 are expressed in adjacent cells in the developing endocardial cushions, and EphA3-/- endocardial cushion explants produce fewer migrating mesenchymal cells, indicating EphA3 signaling drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation during heart development. EphA3 knockout mouse phenotypic analysis, endocardial cushion explant migration assays, expression analysis of EphA3 and ephrin-A1 Developmental biology High 17046737
2013 EphA3 is highly expressed on tumor-initiating cells in glioblastoma and maintains cells in a less differentiated state by modulating MAPK signaling; EphA3 knockdown or depletion of EphA3-positive cells reduced tumorigenic potential. EphA3 knockdown, depletion of EphA3-positive tumor cells, radiolabelled EphA3-specific monoclonal antibody treatment, MAPK signaling analysis in GBM Cancer cell High 23410976
2012 Multiple EphA3 somatic mutations found in lung, colorectal, and hepatocellular cancers impair kinase activity, ephrin ligand binding, and/or decrease receptor cell surface localization, suggesting EphA3 has ephrin- and kinase-dependent tumor-suppressing activities disrupted by cancer mutations. Kinase activity assays, ephrin binding assays, cell surface localization analysis of mutant receptors Biochemistry High 22242939
2012 At least two cancer-associated EPHA3 somatic mutations function as dominant inhibitors of wild-type EPHA3 protein; wild-type EPHA3 re-expression in lung cancer lines increased apoptosis through suppression of AKT activation and inhibited tumor xenograft growth. Immunoprecipitation, western blotting, kinase assays, dominant-negative analysis, xenograft tumor growth assays, apoptosis assays Journal of the National Cancer Institute High 22829656
2019 Presenilin-1/γ-secretase cleaves EphA3 independently of ephrin ligand binding, generating an intracellular domain (ICD) fragment; EphA3 ICD binds non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) and increases its phosphorylation at Ser1943, promoting NMIIA filament disassembly and cytoskeleton rearrangement, thereby driving axon elongation through inhibition of RhoA signaling. Genetic PS1/EphA3 knockout neurons, proteomic analysis of EphA3 ICD interactors, phosphorylation assays, rescue experiments with ICD fragment, pharmacological NMII inhibition eLife High 31577226
2018 Neurocan (a perineuronal net component) binds NCAM at the EphA3-binding site within the immunoglobulin-2 domain, inhibiting NCAM/EphA3 association, membrane clustering of NCAM/EphA3 in cortical interneuron axons, EphA3 kinase activation, and ephrin-A5-induced growth cone collapse. Binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation, EphA3 kinase activation assays, growth cone collapse assays in cortical interneuron cultures, organotypic cortical slice cultures with enzymatic PNN removal Scientific reports High 29670169
2014 Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α controls EphA3 expression in human endometrial multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (eMSCs); EphA3 agonists induce receptor phosphorylation, cell contraction, cell-cell segregation and directed cell migration, and EphA3 silencing significantly inhibits transplanted eMSC support of neovascularisation in vivo. EphA3 affinity-isolation from human tissue, EphA3 phosphorylation assays, cell migration and morphology assays, EphA3 siRNA knockdown, in vivo neovascularization assays in immunocompromised mice PloS one Medium 25420155
2018 EphA3 depletion in gastric cancer cells inhibited HUVEC tube formation and migration as well as tumor angiogenesis in vivo, acting through the STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway. Lentivirus-mediated EphA3 knockdown, tube formation assay, migration assay, xenograft models with microvessel density analysis, STAT3/VEGF pathway western blotting Oncology reports Medium 30066881
2016 EPHA3 overexpression in SCLC cells reduced chemoresistance by increasing apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest with concomitant reduced phosphorylation of the PI3K/BMX/STAT3 signaling pathway; knockdown of EPHA3 promoted resistant phenotype with increased PI3K/BMX/STAT3 phosphorylation, and PI3K or BMX inhibitors reversed this resistance. EPHA3 overexpression and knockdown in SCLC cells, flow cytometry for apoptosis and cell cycle, pharmacological inhibitors (LY294002, LFM-A13), western blotting of PI3K/BMX/STAT3 pathway, in vivo tumor growth assays Tumour biology Medium 27101199
2021 EphA3 is expressed on CCR10+ mesenchymal progenitor cells in IPF lungs; antibody-mediated (ifabotuzumab) killing of EphA3+ cells significantly reduced CCR10+ cell numbers and ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis in humanized NSG mice. Human IPF cell characterization, intravenous injection of IPF cells into NSG mice, EphA3-targeted antibody (ifabotuzumab) treatment, histological fibrosis assessment JCI insight Medium 33945505
2013 EphA3 knockdown via siRNA screening triggered cellular senescence; selected intracellular EPHA3 tumor-associated point mutations decrease receptor expression level and/or RTK activity, consistent with a tumor suppressor role. High-content siRNA screen for senescence markers (β-galactosidase, DNA damage, p53/p16 expression), RTK activity assays on EphA3 point mutants Cell cycle Medium 23324396
2018 EphA3 promotes axon elongation of nasal retinal ganglion cells by competing with EphA4 for ephrin-A binding, thereby reducing ephrin-A-mediated EphA4 forward signaling (decreased EphA4 and ephexin1 phosphorylation) and decreasing axonal filopodia density. Clustered EphA3-Fc treatment of retinal explants, in vitro and in vivo electroporation with dominant-negative EphA4, immunoprecipitation and western blot for EphA4/ephexin1 phosphorylation, PI-PLC shedding of ephrin-As Experimental eye research Medium 30237102
2021 EPHA3 contributes to epigenetic suppression of PTEN in radioresistant head and neck cancer cells via EPHA3/c-Myc signaling that upregulates DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation and EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 histone methylation at the PTEN locus. Western blotting for DNMT1, EZH2, H3K27me3, and PTEN; EPHA3 manipulation in radioresistant cell lines; correlation of signaling components Biomolecules Low 33919657
2018 Androgen receptor (AR) induces EPHA3 expression by forming a transcriptional complex with SP1 that binds SP1 sites (−295 to −261) in the EPHA3 core promoter, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter assays with EPHA3 promoter truncations and SP1 site mutations, siRNA knockdown of AR and SP1 Oncology reports Medium 29917167
2019 EPHA3 overexpression in macrophages from endometriosis mice inhibits activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, downregulates bcl-2, upregulates autophagy markers (Atg3, LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin1) and apoptosis markers (bax, fas), thereby promoting macrophage autophagy and apoptosis. Mouse endometriosis model, macrophage transfection with EPHA3 vector or siRNA, western blotting for mTOR pathway components and autophagy/apoptosis markers, autophagic lysosome visualization, flow cytometry for apoptosis Bioscience reports Low 31262977

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 EphA3 maintains tumorigenicity and is a therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer cell 175 23410976
2001 Neuropeptide-induced androgen independence in prostate cancer cells: roles of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases Etk/Bmx, Src, and focal adhesion kinase. Molecular and cellular biology 157 11713275
2006 Silencing of EphA3 through a cis interaction with ephrinA5. Nature neuroscience 154 16491080
2001 Regulation of the PH-domain-containing tyrosine kinase Etk by focal adhesion kinase through the FERM domain. Nature cell biology 121 11331870
2000 Etk, a Btk family tyrosine kinase, mediates cellular transformation by linking Src to STAT3 activation. Molecular and cellular biology 115 10688651
1998 Comparison of Na-K-Cl cotransporters. NKCC1, NKCC2, and the HEK cell Na-L-Cl cotransporter. The Journal of biological chemistry 110 9556622
2001 Etk/Bmx tyrosine kinase activates Pak1 and regulates tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 97 11382770
2018 Nose-to-brain delivery of temozolomide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with anti-EPHA3 for glioblastoma targeting. Drug delivery 92 30176744
1995 Ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinases hek and elk: isolation of cDNAs encoding a family of proteins. Oncogene 83 7838529
2003 Dissecting the EphA3/Ephrin-A5 interactions using a novel functional mutagenesis screen. The Journal of biological chemistry 77 14660665
2006 Critical function of Bmx/Etk in ischemia-mediated arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. The Journal of clinical investigation 75 16932810
2004 D1 dopamine receptor signaling involves caveolin-2 in HEK-293 cells. Kidney international 66 15569306
1999 Etk/Bmx, a PH-domain containing tyrosine kinase, protects prostate cancer cells from apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy or thapsigargin. Oncogene 66 10362360
2017 Etk Interaction with PFKFB4 Modulates Chemoresistance of Small-cell Lung Cancer by Regulating Autophagy. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 65 29208667
1993 PCR mediated detection of a new human receptor-tyrosine-kinase, HEK 2. Oncogene 64 8397371
2006 Somatic mutations of GUCY2F, EPHA3, and NTRK3 in human cancers. Human mutation 63 16941478
2000 Two homeobox genes define the domain of EphA3 expression in the developing chick retina. Development (Cambridge, England) 63 11060230
2011 Design of Experiment in CHO and HEK transient transfection condition optimization. Protein expression and purification 60 21354312
2008 Structure of Escherichia coli tyrosine kinase Etk reveals a novel activation mechanism. The EMBO journal 60 18497741
2006 A critical role for the EphA3 receptor tyrosine kinase in heart development. Developmental biology 60 17046737
2003 Protein kinase C-mediated Ca2+ entry in HEK 293 cells transiently expressing human TRPV4. British journal of pharmacology 59 12970074
2021 Intranasal Delivery of Temozolomide-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Anti-EphA3 for Glioblastoma Targeting. Molecular pharmaceutics 56 33417456
2010 Compensatory upregulation of tyrosine kinase Etk/BMX in response to androgen deprivation promotes castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer cells. Cancer research 56 20570899
2002 Coordinating Etk/Bmx activation and VEGF upregulation to promote cell survival and proliferation. Oncogene 56 12483534
2012 Cancer somatic mutations disrupt functions of the EphA3 receptor tyrosine kinase through multiple mechanisms. Biochemistry 54 22242939
2012 Effects of cancer-associated EPHA3 mutations on lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 53 22829656
2008 Autoregulation by the juxtamembrane region of the human ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase A3 (EphA3). Structure (London, England : 1993) 53 18547520
2014 EphA3 biology and cancer. Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 52 25391995
2002 Selective activation of small GTPase RhoA by tyrosine kinase Etk through its pleckstrin homology domain. The Journal of biological chemistry 52 12023958
2014 PACAP-induced ERK activation in HEK cells expressing PAC1 receptors involves both receptor internalization and PKC signaling. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 47 24696141
2003 Expression of Drosophila trehalose-phosphate synthase in HEK-293 cells increases hypoxia tolerance. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 13129920
2014 Introducing PeptoPlexes: polylysine-block-polysarcosine based polyplexes for transfection of HEK 293T cells. Macromolecular bioscience 45 24943513
2005 Endogenous channels in HEK cells and potential roles in HCN ionic current measurements. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology 45 15979128
2012 Aberrant expression of EphA3 in gastric carcinoma: correlation with tumor angiogenesis and survival. Journal of gastroenterology 44 22350700
2006 Tyrosine kinase Etk/BMX is up-regulated in human prostate cancer and its overexpression induces prostate intraepithelial neoplasia in mouse. Cancer research 44 16912182
2018 N-Glycosylation of Extracellular Vesicles from HEK-293 and Glioma Cell Lines. Analytical chemistry 42 29888905
2014 DNA damage and S phase arrest induced by Ochratoxin A in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). Mutation research 42 25847125
2004 Silencing of SARS-CoV spike gene by small interfering RNA in HEK 293T cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 41 15504339
2005 Human single-domain neutralizing intrabodies directed against Etk kinase: a novel approach to impair cellular transformation. Molecular cancer therapeutics 40 16276002
2005 Upregulation of EphA3 receptor after spinal cord injury. Journal of neurotrauma 38 16083359
2016 EPHA3 regulates the multidrug resistance of small cell lung cancer via the PI3K/BMX/STAT3 signaling pathway. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 37 27101199
2014 Targeting Btk/Etk of prostate cancer cells by a novel dual inhibitor. Cell death & disease 37 25188519
2019 Functional characterization of odorant receptors from the moth Eriocrania semipurpurella: A comparison of results in the Xenopus oocyte and HEK cell systems. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 35 31778795
2011 Phosphorylation and transport in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporters, NKCC1 and NKCC2A, compared in HEK-293 cells. PloS one 35 21464992
2004 The Tyr-kinase inhibitor AG879, that blocks the ETK-PAK1 interaction, suppresses the RAS-induced PAK1 activation and malignant transformation. Cancer biology & therapy 35 14726663
2004 The role of tyrosine kinase Etk/Bmx in EGF-induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Oncogene 32 14676838
2012 Cycling of Etk and Etp phosphorylation states is involved in formation of group 4 capsule by Escherichia coli. PloS one 31 22675501
2020 Critical role of EphA3 in cancer and current state of EphA3 drug therapeutics. Molecular biology reports 30 32621117
2018 Perineuronal Net Protein Neurocan Inhibits NCAM/EphA3 Repellent Signaling in GABAergic Interneurons. Scientific reports 30 29670169
2007 The Hek outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli is an auto-aggregating adhesin and invasin. FEMS microbiology letters 30 17241243
2017 BMX/Etk promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 pathways. Oncotarget 29 28514765
2011 Copy number variations of EphA3 are associated with multiple types of hematologic malignancies. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 29 21454190
2006 A novel role for protein-tyrosine kinase Etk from Escherichia coli K-12 related to polymyxin resistance. Research in microbiology 29 16814990
2017 Transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes in coxsackievirus A16 infected HEK 293T cells. BMC genomics 28 28198671
2017 miR-495 promotes the chemoresistance of SCLC through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Etk/BMX. American journal of cancer research 27 28401017
2001 Proteolytic activation of ETK/Bmx tyrosine kinase by caspases. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 11278797
2010 Etk/Bmx regulates proteinase-activated-receptor1 (PAR1) in breast cancer invasion: signaling partners, hierarchy and physiological significance. PloS one 26 20559570
2011 Mechanisms of melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) internalization and recycling in human embryonic kidney (hek) cells: identification of Key Ser/Thr (S/T) amino acids. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 24 21920850
2016 Chelerythrine chloride induces apoptosis in renal cancer HEK-293 and SW-839 cell lines. Oncology letters 23 27313717
2015 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional limitations of high-yielding, PEI-mediated transient transfection with CHO and HEK-293E cells. Biotechnology progress 22 25683738
2013 Silencing of the WFS1 gene in HEK cells induces pathways related to neurodegeneration and mitochondrial damage. Physiological genomics 22 23321269
2011 Reduced glutamine concentration improves protein production in growth-arrested CHO-DG44 and HEK-293E cells. Biotechnology letters 22 22127760
2014 The expression and role of tyrosine kinase ETK/BMX in renal cell carcinoma. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 21 24606948
2009 Identification and expression analysis of miRNAs during batch culture of HEK-293 cells. Journal of biotechnology 21 19428708
2023 Effect of trans-sodium crocetinate on contrast-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences 20 36742140
2022 Production of Lentiviral Vectors Using a HEK-293 Producer Cell Line and Advanced Perfusion Processing. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 20 35774066
2020 Probing the ionotropic activity of glutamate GluD2 receptor in HEK cells with genetically-engineered photopharmacology. eLife 20 33112237
2010 Biotin regulates the expression of holocarboxylase synthetase in the miR-539 pathway in HEK-293 cells. The Journal of nutrition 20 20592104
2010 Sperry versus Hebb: topographic mapping in Isl2/EphA3 mutant mice. BMC neuroscience 20 21190559
2009 Cross-inhibition between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and P2X receptors in myenteric neurons and HEK-293 cells. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20 19342512
2009 Non-receptor tyrosine kinase Etk regulation of drug resistance in small-cell lung cancer. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 20 20004564
2006 Transcriptional profiling of batch and fed-batch protein-free 293-HEK cultures. Metabolic engineering 20 17097906
2023 Peptide ligands for the affinity purification of adeno-associated viruses from HEK 293 cell lysates. Biotechnology and bioengineering 19 37435968
2018 Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE 19 30346389
2016 Luteolin inhibits GABAA receptors in HEK cells and brain slices. Scientific reports 19 27292079
2023 LRRK2 Knockout Confers Resistance in HEK-293 Cells to Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Damage, and Apoptosis. International journal of molecular sciences 18 37445652
2021 Antibody-mediated depletion of CCR10+EphA3+ cells ameliorates fibrosis in IPF. JCI insight 18 33945505
2019 EPHA3 enhances macrophage autophagy and apoptosis by disrupting the mTOR signaling pathway in mice with endometriosis. Bioscience reports 18 31262977
2019 Mitochondrial mRNA fragments are circularized in a human HEK cell line. Mitochondrion 18 31821898
2018 EphA3 contributes to tumor growth and angiogenesis in human gastric cancer cells. Oncology reports 17 30066881
2013 A high-content cellular senescence screen identifies candidate tumor suppressors, including EPHA3. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 17 23324396
2024 EphA3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells are effective in glioma and generate curative memory T cell responses. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 16 39111833
2018 MiR-340 suppresses the metastasis by targeting EphA3 in cervical cancer. Cell biology international 16 29660208
2021 Signaling profiles in HEK 293T cells co-expressing GLP-1 and GIP receptors. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 15 34446852
2015 Antitumor Effects of Oncolytic Adenovirus-Carrying siRNA Targeting Potential Oncogene EphA3. PloS one 15 25978371
2021 EPHA3 Contributes to Epigenetic Suppression of PTEN in Radioresistant Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 14 33919657
2019 Presenilin/γ-secretase-dependent EphA3 processing mediates axon elongation through non-muscle myosin IIA. eLife 14 31577226
2014 Hypoxia-controlled EphA3 marks a human endometrium-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell that supports vascular growth. PloS one 14 25420155
2011 Tyrosine kinase Etk/BMX protects nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from apoptosis induced by radiation. Cancer biology & therapy 14 21339702
2008 TRP-2 expression protects HEK cells from dopamine- and hydroquinone-induced toxicity. Free radical biology & medicine 14 18674612
2022 Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) cation current in HEK-293 cells and in human podocytes. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 13 36449077
2020 Designing and evaluation of MERS-CoV siRNAs in HEK-293 cell line. Journal of infection and public health 13 33493920
2018 Regulation of axonal EphA4 forward signaling is involved in the effect of EphA3 on chicken retinal ganglion cell axon growth during retinotectal mapping. Experimental eye research 13 30237102
2018 EphA3 inhibits migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells by activating the mesenchymal‑epithelial transition process. International journal of oncology 13 30483759
2009 Infection kinetics of human adenovirus serotype 41 in HEK 293 cells. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 13 19820835
2007 JWA gene is involved in cadmium-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in HEK-293T cells. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A 13 17479408
1999 Regulatory interrelations among topographic molecules CBF1, CBF2 and EphA3 in the developing chick retina. Development, growth & differentiation 13 10545030
2018 Androgen receptor induces EPHA3 expression by interacting with transcription factor SP1. Oncology reports 12 29917167
2011 Reporter gene HEK 293 cells and WNT/Frizzled fusion proteins as tools to study WNT signaling pathways. Biological chemistry 12 21864196
2007 A gas-inducible expression system in HEK.EBNA cells applied to controlled proliferation studies by expression of p27(Kip1). Biotechnology and bioengineering 12 17058277