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Showing DAZ1 — DAZ is a alias.

DAZ1

Deleted in azoospermia protein 1 · UniProt Q9NQZ3

Length
744 aa
Mass
82.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

DAZ1 encodes a germ cell-specific RNA-binding protein of the DAZ family that acts as a translational regulator essential for male germ cell development (PMID:38783578, PMID:19865085). Across orthologs the DAZ family binds defined RNA targets—the zebrafish protein binds a 'GUUC' motif in target 3'UTRs and activates their translation through polysome association mediated by the DAZ repeat motif (PMID:12296827). In human germ cells DAZ engages the poly(A)-binding protein PABPC1 through its DAZ repeat domain to drive global translation, and its knockdown downregulates translation and reduces proliferation of c-KIT-positive spermatogonia (PMID:38783578); this PABP association is gated by the binding partner DAZAP1, whose ERK2-mediated phosphorylation at Thr269/Thr315 dissociates it from DAZ and permits DAZ–PABP interaction and translational stimulation of short-poly(A) mRNAs (PMID:16848763). DAZ assembles into an RNA-binding protein complex with additional partners including PUM2 and DZIP through the same DAZ repeat region used for RNA and protein interactions (PMID:12511597, PMID:10857750, PMID:15081113). Functionally, a human DAZ transgene partially rescues the sterile Dazl-null mouse, restoring germ cell survival to pachytene meiosis (PMID:10393944), and DAZ promotes progression through meiosis and haploid gamete formation in human embryonic stem cell-derived germ cells (PMID:19865085). The protein localizes to nuclei of fetal gonocytes and spermatogonia before relocating to the cytoplasm during meiosis, with adult expression restricted to the cytoplasm of spermatogonia (PMID:11058556, PMID:18385127). Family-level conservation extends to meiotic entry in Xenopus/Drosophila and to oogenesis downstream of gld-1 in C. elegans (PMID:9486791, PMID:10662646).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Establishing that DAZ family proteins act broadly in germ cell meiosis required showing functional conservation, answered by demonstrating a Xenopus ortholog rescues a Drosophila meiotic-entry mutant.

    Evidence in vitro RNA-binding assay and transgenic rescue of Drosophila boule mutants with meiotic marker readouts

    PMID:9486791

    Open questions at the time
    • does not identify human DAZ RNA targets
    • ortholog rather than human DAZ1
  2. 1999 High

    Whether the human DAZ gene product has spermatogenic function was tested directly by transgenic rescue of the sterile Dazl-null mouse, providing in vivo proof of function and DAZ/DAZL conservation.

    Evidence human DAZ YAC transgene introduced into Dazl-/- mice with seminiferous tubule histology

    PMID:10393944

    Open questions at the time
    • only partial rescue (to pachytene)
    • molecular mechanism of rescue not defined
  3. 2000 Medium

    Identifying DAZ protein partners answered how DAZ functions in complexes, revealing DAZAP1 and DAZAP2 bind DAZ via the DAZ repeat regions.

    Evidence yeast two-hybrid screening and in vitro binding assays

    PMID:10857750

    Open questions at the time
    • functional consequence of binding not established
    • no RNA-target link
  4. 2000 Medium

    The compartment and developmental timing of DAZ action was addressed by immunolocalization, showing nuclear-to-cytoplasmic relocation during male meiosis.

    Evidence immunostaining of human and mouse testicular tissue and subcellular localization

    PMID:11058556

    Open questions at the time
    • no functional rescue tied to localization
    • mechanism of relocalization unknown
  5. 2000 High

    The pathway position of DAZ-family function in meiosis was defined genetically in C. elegans, placing daz-1 downstream of gld-1 in oogenesis.

    Evidence loss-of-function genetics and epistasis with sex-determination and gld-1 mutants

    PMID:10662646

    Open questions at the time
    • sex-specific (oogenesis) phenotype may not map to mammalian spermatogenesis
    • molecular targets not identified
  6. 2002 Medium

    The molecular activity of DAZ family proteins was defined by identifying a target RNA motif and demonstrating translational activation via polysome association.

    Evidence SELEX, UV crosslinking, reporter transfection and polysome fractionation in zebrafish DAZL

    PMID:12296827

    Open questions at the time
    • human DAZ1 motif not directly confirmed
    • ortholog system
  7. 2003 Medium

    Whether DAZ acts with conserved translational regulators was answered by showing PUM2 forms a stable complex with DAZ through its RNA-binding/protein-interaction domain.

    Evidence co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization, yeast two-hybrid domain mapping

    PMID:12511597

    Open questions at the time
    • functional output of DAZ-PUM2 complex not defined
    • no shared target mRNA identified
  8. 2004 Low

    The composition of the DAZ RNA-binding complex was extended by identifying DZIP as an associated partner in germ and stem cells.

    Evidence yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, colocalization

    PMID:15081113

    Open questions at the time
    • functional consequence of the interaction not established
    • single lab, association only
  9. 2006 High

    How DAZ–PABP translational activation is regulated was answered mechanistically: ERK2 phosphorylates DAZAP1, dissociating it from DAZ and freeing DAZ to bind PABP and stimulate translation of short-poly(A) mRNAs.

    Evidence in vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, reciprocal Co-IP showing mutually exclusive binding

    PMID:16848763

    Open questions at the time
    • physiological mRNA targets not identified
    • tested in HEK-293/RAW cells not germ cells
  10. 2006 Low

    The basis of germ cell-restricted DAZ1 expression was probed by methylation analysis, correlating an unmethylated promoter CpG island in sperm with expression.

    Evidence bisulfite sequencing of DAZ1 promoter in sperm versus leukocytes

    PMID:16372120

    Open questions at the time
    • correlation only, methylation not experimentally manipulated
    • no demonstration of causal expression control
  11. 2008 Medium

    Adult expression boundaries were defined rigorously using DAZ-deleted patient controls, restricting DAZ protein to spermatogonial cytoplasm and showing inefficient translation of multi-repeat transcripts in somatic cells.

    Evidence RT-PCR, western blot with AZFc-deleted negative controls, immunostaining

    PMID:18385127

    Open questions at the time
    • mechanism of repeat-dependent translational inefficiency not resolved
    • single lab
  12. 2009 High

    The developmental stage of DAZ action was separated from DAZL by gain- and loss-of-function in human ESC-derived germ cells, showing DAZ promotes meiotic progression and haploid gamete formation.

    Evidence overexpression and siRNA silencing with germ cell reporter quantification in human ESCs

    PMID:19865085

    Open questions at the time
    • direct mRNA targets in this system not identified
    • in vitro differentiation model
  13. 2024 Medium

    DAZ was established as a master translational regulator in human spermatogonia by linking its PABPC1 interaction to global translation and c-KIT+ spermatogonial proliferation.

    Evidence Co-IP, knockdown, translational profiling and proliferation assays in clinical samples and cell models

    PMID:38783578

    Open questions at the time
    • no in vitro reconstitution or structural validation of DAZ-PABPC1 interaction
    • specific translated targets not enumerated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The full repertoire of endogenous human DAZ-bound mRNAs and how complex composition (PABPC1, PUM2, DAZAP1, DZIP) is dynamically resolved to control specific translational outputs remains unresolved.
  • no genome-wide DAZ-target map in human germ cells
  • no structure of DAZ repeat-PABP interface
  • interplay of competing partners on individual mRNAs unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 3 GO:0045182 translation regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2
Partners
DAZAP1DAZAP2DZIP1PABPC1PUM2

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2024 DAZ interacts with PABPC1 (poly(A)-binding protein C1) via its DAZ repeat domain to regulate global translation; knockdown of DAZ significantly downregulates global translation and decreases cell proliferation of c-KIT-positive spermatogonia, identifying DAZ as a master translational regulator essential for spermatogonial maintenance. Knockdown experiments in clinical samples and cell models, co-immunoprecipitation (DAZ-PABPC1 interaction), translational profiling, cell proliferation assays Advanced science Medium 38783578
2006 ERK2 phosphorylates DAZAP1 (DAZ-associated protein 1) at Thr269 and Thr315, causing its dissociation from DAZ; DAZ cannot bind simultaneously to DAZAP1 and PABP (poly(A)-binding protein), and DAZ interacts with PABP to stimulate translation of mRNAs with short poly(A) tails. In vitro kinase assay (ERK2 phosphorylation of DAZAP1), co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis (Thr-to-Asp substitutions), cell-based phosphorylation assays in HEK-293 and RAW 264.7 cells The Biochemical journal High 16848763
2003 Human PUM2 (Pumilio-2) forms a stable complex with DAZ through the same functional domain required for RNA binding and protein-protein interactions; PUM2 colocalizes with DAZ and DAZL in germ cells and is expressed predominantly in human embryonic stem cells and germ cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, colocalization by immunofluorescence, yeast two-hybrid (domain mapping) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 12511597
2000 DAZAP1 (an RNA-binding protein) and DAZAP2 interact with both DAZ and DAZL1 through the DAZ repeat regions, as identified by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed by binding assays. Yeast two-hybrid screening, in vitro binding assays Genomics Medium 10857750
2004 DZIP (DAZ-Interacting Protein), containing a C2H2 zinc-finger domain, associates with DAZ and its cofactors in an RNA-binding protein complex in embryonic stem cells and germ cells; two DZIP isoforms colocalize with DAZ and/or DAZL in these tissues. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, colocalization by immunofluorescence Genomics Low 15081113
2000 Human DAZ and human/mouse DAZL proteins are present in nuclei of fetal gonocytes and spermatogonia, then relocate to the cytoplasm during male meiosis; human DAZL (but not DAZ) persists in spermatids and spermatozoa, indicating DAZ family proteins function at multiple developmental stages and in multiple compartments. Immunostaining of human and mouse testicular tissue sections, subcellular fractionation/localization Biology of reproduction Medium 11058556
1998 DAZ proteins are localized to late spermatids (innermost layer of the male germ cell epithelium) and tails of spermatozoa in human testis, suggesting a role in RNA metabolism (storage or transport of testis-specific mRNA) in late spermatids. Immunostaining with antibodies specific to the DAZ2/SPGY1 peptide domain on human testis tissue and mature spermatozoa Human reproduction Low 9557839
1999 A human DAZ transgene (in a 225-kb YAC) partially rescues the sterile Dazl null mouse phenotype, producing a pronounced increase in germ cell population and survival to pachytene meiosis, providing direct proof of the spermatogenic role of the DAZ gene product and demonstrating functional conservation between DAZ and DAZL1. Transgenic rescue experiment: human DAZ YAC introduced into Dazl-/- mice; histological examination of seminiferous tubules Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 10393944
2009 Human DAZ (and DAZL) promotes later stages of meiosis and development of haploid gametes when overexpressed in human embryonic stem cell-derived germ cells; loss-of-function (silencing) reduces progression past the earliest germ cell stages, while DAZL functions earlier in primordial germ cell formation. Overexpression and siRNA silencing in human embryonic stem cells differentiated with a germ cell reporter; fluorescence-based quantification and isolation of primordial germ cells Nature High 19865085
2008 DAZ protein expression in adult human testes is restricted to the cytoplasm of spermatogonia (premeiotic germ cells), as demonstrated by immunostaining using DAZ-deleted patient testes as negative controls; DAZ transcripts from all four genes are present at much lower levels than DAZL transcripts, and transcripts encoding multiple DAZ repeats are translated inefficiently in somatic cells. RT-PCR, western blotting (with AZFc-deleted patient negative controls), immunostaining of human testis sections Human reproduction Medium 18385127
2006 The DAZ1 gene promoter CpG island is unmethylated in sperm but methylated in leukocytes, suggesting that differential DNA methylation regulates tissue-specific DAZ1 expression. Bisulfite sequencing of DAZ1 promoter CpG island in sperm and leukocytes Asian journal of andrology Low 16372120
2002 Zebrafish DAZ-like protein (zDAZL) binds the RNA sequence 'GUUC' and activates translation of mRNAs containing this sequence in their 3'UTR; association of zDAZL with polysomes via the DAZ motif is required for this translational activation. In vitro SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), UV crosslinking, transfection with reporter constructs, polysome fractionation Genes to cells Medium 12296827
1998 Xenopus Dazl (Xdazl) functions as an RNA-binding protein in vitro and can rescue the boule meiotic entry phenotype in Drosophila (restoring spindle formation, histone H3 phosphorylation, and meiotic cell division completion), demonstrating functional conservation of the DAZ family in promoting meiotic entry. In vitro RNA-binding assay, transgenic rescue of Drosophila boule mutants with Xdazl cDNA, immunostaining for meiotic markers (phospho-H3, spindles) Development High 9486791
2000 C. elegans DAZ-1 is required for oogenesis at the pachytene stage of meiosis I; epistasis analysis placed daz-1 function downstream of gld-1 in the oogenic pathway; spermatogenesis and male fertility are not affected by loss of daz-1. Loss-of-function genetics (daz-1 mutants), epistasis analysis with sex-determination mutants and gld-1, fertility assays in hermaphrodites and males Development High 10662646

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE genes modulate primordial germ-cell and haploid gamete formation. Nature 390 19865085
1996 The DAZ gene cluster on the human Y chromosome arose from an autosomal gene that was transposed, repeatedly amplified and pruned. Nature genetics 353 8896558
1998 A Xenopus DAZ-like gene encodes an RNA component of germ plasm and is a functional homologue of Drosophila boule. Development (Cambridge, England) 209 9486791
2000 Four DAZ genes in two clusters found in the AZFc region of the human Y chromosome. Genomics 186 10936047
1996 A murine homologue of the human DAZ gene is autosomal and expressed only in male and female gonads. Human molecular genetics 183 8845845
2003 Human Pumilio-2 is expressed in embryonic stem cells and germ cells and interacts with DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) and DAZ-like proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 181 12511597
1997 Screening for deletions of the Y chromosome involving the DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) gene in azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Fertility and sterility 177 9091344
2000 DAZ family proteins exist throughout male germ cell development and transit from nucleus to cytoplasm at meiosis in humans and mice. Biology of reproduction 154 11058556
1997 Azoospermic men with deletion of the DAZ gene cluster are capable of completing spermatogenesis: fertilization, normal embryonic development and pregnancy occur when retrieved testicular spermatozoa are used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 154 9130751
2000 Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of the human azoospermia factor DAZ is required for oogenesis but not for spermatogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 143 10662646
2002 High frequency of DAZ1/DAZ2 gene deletions in patients with severe oligozoospermia. Molecular human reproduction 139 11870237
1996 Mouse autosomal homolog of DAZ, a candidate male sterility gene in humans, is expressed in male germ cells before and after puberty. Genomics 123 8661148
1999 Maternal mRNA localization of zebrafish DAZ-like gene. Mechanisms of development 121 10330505
1999 Human male infertility and Y chromosome deletions: role of the AZF-candidate genes DAZ, RBM and DFFRY. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 117 10402373
2000 Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ-cell-specific RNA-binding proteins DAZ and DAZL1. Genomics 113 10857750
2004 Putative biological functions of the DAZ family. International journal of andrology 107 15139965
1998 DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) genes encode proteins located in human late spermatids and in sperm tails. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 99 9557839
1996 A SPGY copy homologous to the mouse gene Dazla and the Drosophila gene boule is autosomal and expressed only in the human male gonad. Human molecular genetics 95 8968755
1999 A human DAZ transgene confers partial rescue of the mouse Dazl null phenotype. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 10393944
2015 DAZ Family Proteins, Key Players for Germ Cell Development. International journal of biological sciences 76 26327816
1999 Transmission of a Y chromosomal deletion involving the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) and chromodomain (CDY1) genes from father to son through intracytoplasmic sperm injection: case report. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 71 10469702
2010 A novel requirement in mammalian spermatid differentiation for the DAZ-family protein Boule. Human molecular genetics 70 20335278
2000 The human Y chromosome genes BPY2, CDY1 and DAZ are not essential for sustained fertility. Molecular human reproduction 70 10956550
1997 Absence of DAZ gene mutations in cases of non-obstructed azoospermia. Molecular human reproduction 70 9239708
2011 The roles of the DAZ family in spermatogenesis: More than just translation? Spermatogenesis 69 22523742
2005 Role of the DAZ genes in male fertility. Reproductive biomedicine online 69 15705297
1997 The human DAZ genes, a putative male infertility factor on the Y chromosome, are highly polymorphic in the DAZ repeat regions. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 67 9321470
2002 Zebrafish DAZ-like protein controls translation via the sequence 'GUUC'. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 66 12296827
2001 Positive and negative selection in the DAZ gene family. Molecular biology and evolution 57 11264403
1998 Evolution of the DAZ gene family suggests that Y-linked DAZ plays little, or a limited, role in spermatogenesis but underlines a recent African origin for human populations. Human molecular genetics 54 9700189
2004 Identification of a novel gene, DZIP (DAZ-interacting protein), that encodes a protein that interacts with DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) and is expressed in embryonic stem cells and germ cells. Genomics 47 15081113
2003 Polymorphic DAZ gene family in polymorphic structure of AZFc locus: Artwork or functional for human spermatogenesis? APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 44 12752250
1998 Expression of DAZ (deleted in azoospermia), DAZL1 (DAZ-like) and protamine-2 in testis and its application for diagnosis of spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia. Molecular human reproduction 44 9783841
1998 Simian Y chromosomes: species-specific rearrangements of DAZ, RBM, and TSPY versus contiguity of PAR and SRY. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 43 9501307
2007 Quantification of DDX3Y, RBMY1, DAZ and TSPY mRNAs in testes of patients with severe impairment of spermatogenesis. Molecular human reproduction 42 17881721
1998 Y chromosome microdeletions, in azoospermic or near-azoospermic subjects, are located in the AZFc (DAZ) subregion. Molecular human reproduction 41 9733433
1999 The Old World monkey DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) gene yields insights into the evolution of the DAZ gene cluster on the human Y chromosome. Human molecular genetics 40 10484770
2000 Male infertility caused by a de novo partial deletion of the DAZ cluster on the Y chromosome. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 39 11095434
1998 Fibre-fluorescence in situ hybridization unravels apparently seven DAZ genes or pseudogenes clustered within a Y-chromosome region frequently deleted in azoospermic males. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 37 9865787
2002 Reduced copy number of DAZ genes in subfertile and infertile men. Fertility and sterility 36 11779593
2008 Sons conceived by assisted reproduction techniques inherit deletions in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region of the Y chromosome and the DAZ gene copy number. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 35 18440997
2004 AZF and DAZ gene copy-specific deletion analysis in maturation arrest and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Molecular human reproduction 34 15347736
2005 Polymorphisms associated with the DAZ genes on the human Y chromosome. Genomics 33 16085382
2002 Spontaneous transmission from a father to his son of a Y chromosome microdeletion involving the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) gene. Journal of endocrinological investigation 32 12150339
2000 Expression of Xenopus Daz-like protein during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Mechanisms of development 30 10842082
2016 DAZ-interacting Protein 1 (Dzip1) Phosphorylation by Polo-like Kinase 1 (Plk1) Regulates the Centriolar Satellite Localization of the BBSome Protein during the Cell Cycle. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 27979967
1997 Clustering of Y chromosome deletions in subinterval E of interval 6 supports the existence of an oligozoospermia critical region outside the DAZ gene. Journal of medical genetics 28 9391878
2005 Copy number of DAZ genes in infertile men. Fertility and sterility 27 16275261
2002 A preliminary report on the implication of RT-PCR detection of DAZ, RBMY1, USP9Y and Protamine-2 mRNA in testicular biopsy samples from azoospermic men. International journal of andrology 27 11869379
2001 Characterization of the mouse Dazap1 gene encoding an RNA-binding protein that interacts with infertility factors DAZ and DAZL. BMC genomics 27 11604102
2015 Susceptibility of gr/gr rearrangements to azoospermia or oligozoospermia is dependent on DAZ and CDY1 gene copy deletions. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 26 26149076
2009 Polymorphic expression of DAZ proteins in the human testis. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 26 19223287
2006 Quantitation of fetal DNA in maternal serum during the first trimester of pregnancy by the use of a DAZ repetitive probe. Molecular human reproduction 26 16820404
2006 Phosphorylation of the ARE-binding protein DAZAP1 by ERK2 induces its dissociation from DAZ. The Biochemical journal 26 16848763
2006 C. elegans CPB-3 interacts with DAZ-1 and functions in multiple steps of germline development. Developmental biology 25 16678151
2004 Analysis of the DAZ gene family in cryptorchidism and idiopathic male infertility. Fertility and sterility 25 15066457
2007 AZFc somatic microdeletions and copy number polymorphism of the DAZ genes in human males exposed to natural background radiation. Human genetics 24 17308897
1997 cynDAZLA: a cynomolgus monkey homologue of the human autosomal DAZ gene. Molecular human reproduction 24 9239736
2011 The antagonistic action of B56-containing protein phosphatase 2As and casein kinase 2 controls the phosphorylation and Gli turnover function of Daz interacting protein 1. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 21878643
2008 Restricted expression of the human DAZ protein in premeiotic germ cells. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 23 18385127
2005 Caenorhabditis elegans DAZ-1 is expressed in proliferating germ cells and directs proper nuclear organization and cytoplasmic core formation during oogenesis. Developmental biology 23 15572146
2008 Evolution of the DAZ gene and the AZFc region on primate Y chromosomes. BMC evolutionary biology 22 18366765
2013 Stabilization of speckle-type POZ protein (Spop) by Daz interacting protein 1 (Dzip1) is essential for Gli turnover and the proper output of Hedgehog signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 24072710
2012 Sequencing of rhesus macaque Y chromosome clarifies origins and evolution of the DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) genes. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 20 23055411
2015 Transcriptome analysis of the cancer/testis genes, DAZ1, AURKC, and TEX101, in breast tumors and six breast cancer cell lines. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 19 25994570
2010 Transmissible microdeletion of the Y-chromosome encompassing two DAZ copies, four RBMY1 copies, and both PRY copies. Fertility and sterility 19 20542509
2006 DAZ gene copies: evidence of Y chromosome evolution. Molecular human reproduction 19 16777954
2000 A neocentromere in the DAZ region of the human Y chromosome. Chromosoma 19 11007490
1999 Microdeletion of the DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) gene or the YRRM (Y chromosome ribonucleic acid recognition motif) gene does not occur in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome with and without spermatogenesis. Fertility and sterility 18 10202890
2003 The use of spermHALO-FISH to determine DAZ gene copy number. Molecular human reproduction 17 12651899
2002 Deletion of RBM and DAZ in azoospermia: evaluation by PRINS. American journal of medical genetics 17 11807882
2001 Reduction in the DAZ gene copy number in two infertile men with impaired spermatogenesis. Annales de genetique 17 11694223
2004 Spatio-temporal expression of a DAZ-like gene in the Japanese newt Cynops pyrrhogaster that has no germ plasm. Development genes and evolution 16 15490230
2002 A novel approach for the analysis of DAZ gene copy number in severely idiopathic infertile men. Journal of endocrinological investigation 16 11883873
2001 Absence of deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) genes in spermatozoa of infertile men with somatic DAZ deletions. Fertility and sterility 15 11239526
2016 Analysis of partial azoospermia factor c deletion and DAZ copy number in azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Andrologia 14 27739146
2013 Association of DAZ1/DAZ2 deletion with spermatogenic impairment and male infertility in the South Chinese population. World journal of urology 14 23512232
2006 Evolutionary comparison of the reproductive genes, DAZL and BOULE, in primates with and without DAZ. Development genes and evolution 14 16425031
2004 Tracing of Xenopus tropicalis germ plasm and presumptive primordial germ cells with the Xenopus tropicalis DAZ-like gene. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 14 14745962
2008 Startling mosaicism of the Y-chromosome and tandem duplication of the SRY and DAZ genes in patients with Turner Syndrome. PloS one 13 19030103
2013 DAZ duplications confer the predisposition of Y chromosome haplogroup K* to non-obstructive azoospermia in Han Chinese populations. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 12 23696539
2000 Optical mapping of BAC clones from the human Y chromosome DAZ locus. Genome research 12 10984460
1997 Part of the RBM gene cluster is located distally to the DAZ gene cluster in human Yq11.23. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 11 9451953
2005 Expression patterns of the DAZ-associated protein DAZAP1 in rat and human ovaries. Fertility and sterility 10 16209998
2005 No partial DAZ deletions but frequent gene conversion events on the Y chromosome of fertile men. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 9 16021857
2017 High frequency of de novo DAZ microdeletion in sperm nuclei of subfertile men: possible involvement of genome instability in idiopathic male infertility. Human fertility (Cambridge, England) 8 28521575
2006 Preliminary study of the relationship between DAZ gene copy deletions and spermatogenic impairment in Chinese men. Fertility and sterility 8 16580401
2003 Partial DAZ deletions in a family with five infertile brothers. Fertility and sterility 8 12801575
2002 Inhibin B plasma concentrations in infertile patients with DAZ gene deletions treated with FSH. European journal of endocrinology 8 12039700
2014 Combined deletion of DAZ2 and DAZ4 copies of Y chromosome DAZ gene is associated with male infertility in Tunisian men. Gene 7 24878370
2010 Lack of association between DAZ gene methylation patterns and spermatogenic failure. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 7 20170395
2006 A differentially methylated region of the DAZ1 gene in spermatic and somatic cells. Asian journal of andrology 7 16372120
2004 Distribution of the DAZ gene transcripts in human testis. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica 7 15253135
2002 Comparative mapping of CDY and DAZ in higher primates. Cytogenetic and genome research 7 12438810
2001 CDY1 analysis in infertile patients with DAZ deletions. Journal of endocrinological investigation 7 11263480
2001 Male infertility, genetic analysis of the DAZ genes on the human Y chromosome and genetic analysis of DNA repair. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 7 11694340
2000 A novel, rapid, and accurate method for detecting microdeletion involving the DAZ gene in infertile men. Fertility and sterility 7 10685522
2024 Primate-Specific DAZ Regulates Translation of Cell Proliferation-Related mRNAs and is Essential for Maintenance of Spermatogonia. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 6 38783578
2002 Single-nucleotide variant in multiple copies of a deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) sequence - a human Y chromosome quantitative polymorphism. Human heredity 6 11901266
2001 [Microdeletion of chromosome Y in male infertility: role of the DAZ gene]. Annali italiani di medicina interna : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di medicina interna 6 11688365

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