| 2018 |
FAM49B (CYRI-B) directly interacts with the active (GTP-bound) form of the small GTPase Rac1, and genetic disruption of this interaction compromises FAM49B function in suppressing T cell activation, PAK phosphorylation, and actin assembly. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, CRISPR-based genetic disruption of FAM49B-Rac interaction, CD69 induction assay, PAK phosphorylation assay |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
29632189
|
| 2018 |
CYRI-B binds activated Rac1 via its DUF1394 domain (shared with CYFIP), inhibits Scar/WAVE-induced actin polymerization at the cell edge, and thereby restricts lamellipodia size and duration. CYRI-depleted cells display broad, stable lamellipodia enriched in Scar/WAVE, while CYRI overexpression suppresses Scar/WAVE recruitment. |
Protein pulldown/Co-IP for Rac1 binding, optogenetic Rac1 activation, live-cell imaging of protrusion dynamics, CYRI depletion and overexpression with Scar/WAVE localization readout |
Nature cell biology |
High |
30250061
|
| 2017 |
FAM49B localizes to mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial fission; silencing FAM49B in pancreatic cancer cells increases mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial ROS generation. |
Mitochondrial fractionation/localization, ROS measurement, siRNA knockdown, proliferation and invasion assays |
Oncogene |
Medium |
29059164
|
| 2019 |
CYRI-B (FAM49B) binds RAC1 through its conserved DUF1394 domain and negatively regulates RAC1 signaling, thereby attenuating macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, and cell migration to confer host resistance to Salmonella infection. The bacterial effector SopE (a RAC1 activator) selectively targets CYRI to dampen its function. |
In vivo genome-wide mutagenesis screen, protein-protein binding assays for RAC1 interaction, macropinocytosis assay, phagocytosis assay, cell migration assay, bacterial infection models |
Nature microbiology |
High |
31285585
|
| 2020 |
Crystal structure of whale shark CYRI-B reveals it comprises three distinct α-helical subdomains and is highly structurally related to the DUF1394-containing domain of CYFIP proteins, establishing the structural basis for Rac1 binding. |
X-ray crystallography |
Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology |
High |
33021503
|
| 2020 |
Crystal structures of CYRI-B (lacking N-terminal helix) alone and in complex with active Rac1(Q61L) reveal: (1) a unique Rac1-effector interface in the N-terminal subdomain of CYRI-B, (2) conformational changes in a C-terminal 'Ratchet' subdomain upon Rac1 binding, and (3) that CYRI-A and CYRI-B can form autoinhibited homo- or heterodimers, providing an additional layer of regulation. CYRI-B directly competes with Scar/WAVE complex for Rac1 binding. |
X-ray crystallography of CYRI-BΔN and CYRI-BΔN:Rac1Q61L complex, structure-guided mutagenesis, competition binding assays |
Structure (London, England : 1993) |
High |
33217330
|
| 2021 |
CYRI-A (the paralogue of CYRI-B) is transiently recruited to nascent macropinosomes in a PI3K- and RAC1-dependent manner, preceding RAB5A recruitment. CYRI-A regulates macropinosome formation and α5β1 integrin internalization; depletion of both CYRI-A and CYRI-B enhances surface integrin expression, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. |
Live-cell imaging of CYRI-A recruitment, PI3K and RAC1 inhibition, siRNA depletion, integrin surface expression by flow cytometry, invasion assays, 3D growth assays |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
34165494
|
| 2019 |
Mass spectrometry-based unbiased screen for interactors of active Rac1 confirmed CYRI interaction with GTP-bound Rac1, supporting CYRI as a new class of Rac1 interactors. |
Mass spectrometry interactome screen with active Rac1 mutant as bait |
Communicative & integrative biology |
Medium |
31413787
|
| 2022 |
miR-22 directly targets the 3′-UTR of FAM49B (confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay), reducing FAM49B expression. FAM49B inhibits TRAF6/IKK signaling and downstream pro-inflammatory responses in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in a Rac1-dependent manner (interference of Rac1 reversed FAM49B inhibition effects). |
Dual luciferase reporter assay for miR-22 targeting, miR-22 inhibition experiments, IKK phosphorylation measurement, in vivo Rac1 interference |
Molecular immunology |
Medium |
35131594
|
| 2023 |
LANCL1 stabilizes FAM49B protein by blocking FAM49B interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, thereby protecting FAM49B from ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. The LANCL1-FAM49B axis suppresses Rac1-NADPH oxidase-driven ROS production. |
Mass spectrometry (FAM49B identified as LANCL1 binding partner), co-immunoprecipitation for FAM49B-TRIM21 interaction, ubiquitination assay, ROS measurement, proteasome inhibitor experiments |
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) |
Medium |
37540188
|
| 2022 |
Knockdown of CYRI-B in gastric cancer cells activates the Rac1-STAT3 pathway, promoting migration, invasion, and EMT. Collagen type I reduces CYRI-B expression via the collagen receptor DDR1. |
CYRI-B siRNA knockdown, western blotting for Rac1-STAT3 pathway activation, migration and invasion assays, DDR1 collagen receptor blocking experiments, in vivo xenograft |
Experimental cell research |
Medium |
36584745
|
| 2023 |
CYRI-B is a negative regulator of CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis: CYRI-B knockout in HL-60 cells enhances Rac-GTP loading and PAK phosphorylation downstream of CEACAM3, resulting in increased phagocytosis of bacteria. Complementation with CYRI-B reverts the knockout phenotype. |
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen, clonal CYRI-B knockout generation, Rac-GTP loading assay, PAK phosphorylation western blot, phagocytosis assay with fluorescent bacteria, genetic complementation |
Journal of cell science |
High |
37264948
|
| 2024 |
CYRI-B mediates macropinocytic uptake of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1); loss of CYRI-B in pancreatic cancer cells impairs LPAR1 internalization, reducing chemotactic responses to lysophosphatidic acid and inhibiting metastasis. In early disease, CYRI-B loss leads to enhanced ERK and JNK-induced proliferation in precancerous lesions. |
Cyrib gene deletion in mouse KRAS/p53-driven pancreatic cancer model, receptor internalization assay, chemotaxis assay, ERK/JNK phosphorylation, in vivo tumor progression analysis |
eLife |
High |
38712822
|
| 2024 |
Fam49b dampens TCR signal strength in thymocytes to prevent excessive negative selection; Fam49b-KO mice show excessive negative selection of DP thymocytes, impaired survival of SP thymocytes, and significant reductions in CD4 and CD8 SP thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Large proportions of TCRγδ+ and CD8αα+TCRαβ+ gut intraepithelial T lymphocytes were absent in Fam49b-KO mice. |
Novel Fam49b-KO mouse generation, flow cytometric analysis of thymic subsets, TCR signaling assays in primary cells |
eLife |
High |
39158947
|
| 2024 |
In platelets, FAM49b negatively regulates lamellipodia formation and migration: Fam49b-/- platelets spread faster with larger areas on fibrinogen, are more prone to polarization and migration, and these phenotypes depend on functional WAVE complex (double Cyfip1/Fam49b KO eliminates lamellipodia, phenocopying Cyfip1 KO alone). |
Platelet-specific Fam49b-/-, Cyfip1-/-, and Cyfip1/Fam49b-/- mouse models, platelet spreading assay on fibrinogen, migration assay, structured micropatterns |
Cells |
High |
38391912
|
| 2024 |
In Drosophila, CYRI acts as a molecular brake on the Rac-WRC-Arp2/3 pathway: loss of CYRI accelerates epidermal wound healing and enhances lamellipodial spreading in macrophages; CYRI also limits invasive border cell cluster migration by controlling cluster cohesion. |
Drosophila CYRI loss-of-function genetics, wound healing assay, live imaging of macrophage lamellipodia, border cell migration assay |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
39453414
|
| 2025 |
FAM49B is cleaved by the cysteine protease AEP (asparagine endopeptidase) at residues N169 and N170, generating two fragments FAM49B(1-169) and FAM49B(171-324). While full-length FAM49B inhibits VSMC migration, the fragments bind Rac1 and increase its activity, inducing actin polymerization and promoting VSMC migration and atherosclerotic plaque formation. |
Mass spectrometry fragment identification, AEP cleavage site mutagenesis (N169/N170), AEP knockout mouse, adenoviral overexpression of full-length vs. fragment FAM49B in VSMCs, Rac1 activity assay, VSMC migration assay, in vivo atherosclerosis models |
Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology |
High |
40567229
|
| 2025 |
CYRI-B loss leads to accelerated focal adhesion maturation, formation of excessively large focal adhesions, accumulation of polymerized actin in stress fibres that acts as a barrier to microtubule targeting, and depletion of the integrin internalization mediator ERC1 from adhesion sites. This reveals a connection between CYRI-B-controlled lamellipodia dynamics and microtubule-mediated adhesion turnover. |
CYRI-B siRNA depletion, BioID proximity screen with paxillin as bait, focal adhesion morphometry, microtubule and actin imaging, ERC1 localization assay |
Journal of cell science |
High |
41277545
|
| 2025 |
FAM49B interacts with NEK9 and promotes NEK9-Thr210 phosphorylation; FAM49B knockdown reduces NEK9 phosphorylation and enhances K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc, suppressing CRC proliferation and migration. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of FAM49B-NEK9 interaction, western blot for NEK9-Thr210 phosphorylation, c-Myc ubiquitination assay (K48-specific), FAM49B knockdown with NEK9 rescue experiments, cell cycle analysis |
BioFactors (Oxford, England) |
Medium |
39780509
|
| 2021 |
FAM49B interacts with ELAVL1 protein; endogenous FAM49B co-immunoprecipitates with ELAVL1 in breast cancer cells, and FAM49B positively regulates Rab10 and TLR4 expression by stabilizing ELAVL1 protein, thereby activating the ELAVL1/Rab10/TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of FAM49B-ELAVL1, FAM49B knockdown with Rab10/TLR4 western blot, microarray analysis, xenograft model |
Cancer cell international |
Medium |
34645466
|
| 2025 |
Downregulation of FAM49B in microglia (as modeled in human and murine microglial cells) leads to alterations in cytoskeletal maintenance, migration, surface adherence, energy homeostasis, autophagy, and increased microglial activation/inflammatory response. |
FAM49B knockdown in human and murine microglia, cytoskeletal assays, migration assay, metabolic assays, inflammatory cytokine measurement |
npj aging |
Medium |
41419490
|