Affinage

LANCL1

Glutathione S-transferase LANCL1 · UniProt O43813

Length
399 aa
Mass
45.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
28 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

LANCL1 is a cytoplasmic peripheral membrane protein, related to the bacterial LanC family of peptide-modifying enzymes, that functions broadly as a neuronal antioxidant regulator and metabolic signaling hub (PMID:10944443, PMID:25158856). Genetic deletion in mice causes ROS accumulation, oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic neurodegeneration, and purified LANCL1 catalyzes glutathione-dependent thioether formation, defining a neuron-specific glutathione defense activity (PMID:25158856). LANCL1 sustains cellular redox homeostasis through several convergent routes: it positively regulates redox-sensitive deubiquitinating enzymes (UCH/USP-family DUBs including A20/TNFAIP3, USP9X and USP10) in a manner reconstituted in vitro by recombinant LANCL1 plus GSH, even though it lacks classical glutathione-S-transferase activity in vivo (PMID:33049334); it activates AKT and the PGC-1α/SIRT3 axis to drive SOD2 deacetylation and mitochondrial enzyme function (PMID:30075199, PMID:42001717); and it stabilizes FAM49B by blocking TRIM21-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, thereby suppressing Rac1-NADPH oxidase-driven ROS independently of its glutathione-related activity (PMID:37540188). LANCL1 also binds abscisic acid with µM affinity and acts as an ABA receptor that activates an AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1/ERRα signaling axis to stimulate glucose uptake, mitochondrial respiration, and eNOS-dependent NO production in muscle and cardiac cells (PMID:34098144, PMID:36139463, PMID:37759995). In the nervous system these activities translate into neuroprotection: CNS-specific LANCL1 expression restores AKT activity and prolongs survival in ALS model mice (PMID:31570855), LANCL1 promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury independently of mTOR signaling (PMID:42002019), and LANCL1 mediates neuropathic hypersensitivity, serving as the spinal target of the analgesic peptide LAT8881 (PMID:42263267). Its own transcription is controlled by a PGC-1α–SP1 regulatory axis responsive to oxidative stress (PMID:35469022, PMID:38397850).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Established that LANCL1, despite the GPR69A designation, is not a seven-transmembrane GPCR but a peripheral cytoplasmic membrane protein related to bacterial LanC peptide-modifying enzymes, reframing the search for its molecular function.

    Evidence Peptide-antibody localization, sequence analysis, and subcellular fractionation of erythrocyte membranes

    PMID:10944443

    Open questions at the time
    • No enzymatic substrate identified
    • Family relationship suggests but does not demonstrate a catalytic activity
  2. 2005 Medium

    Showed LANCL1 can be recruited to a pathogen-induced membrane structure via direct interaction with a parasite protein, the first physical partner identified.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (PfSBP1 interaction)

    PMID:15811525

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional mutagenesis of the interaction
    • Host-cell relevance to mammalian LANCL1 function unclear
  3. 2014 High

    Defined LANCL1 as a neuron-specific antioxidant whose loss drives oxidative neurodegeneration, and assigned it a glutathione-dependent thioether-forming activity.

    Evidence LanCL1 knockout and transgene-rescue mice, in vitro enzymatic assay with purified protein, ROS and mitochondrial readouts

    PMID:25158856

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological thioether substrate not identified
    • Relationship between catalytic activity and neuroprotection not resolved
  4. 2018 Medium

    Connected LANCL1 antioxidant function to defined signaling outputs in disease contexts, linking it to JNK suppression in cancer and AKT-PGC-1α-Sirt3 activation in neuronal ischemia.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in prostate cancer cells and lentiviral overexpression in HT22 cells with OGD, pathway inhibitor dissection

    PMID:29416001 PMID:30075199

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct biochemical link between LANCL1 and these kinases
    • Mechanism of pathway engagement unknown
  5. 2019 High

    Demonstrated in vivo that LANCL1 is a positive regulator of AKT activity and that restoring it confers motor neuron protection in an ALS model, establishing therapeutic relevance.

    Evidence Reciprocal CNS-specific transgenic and conditional knockout SOD1G93A mice with AKT phosphorylation and survival readouts

    PMID:31570855

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism by which LANCL1 activates AKT not defined
    • Whether AKT activation is upstream or parallel to antioxidant function unclear
  6. 2020 High

    Revised the enzymatic model: LANCL1 is not a functional GST in vivo but positively regulates redox-sensitive deubiquitinases, reconstituted by recombinant LANCL1 plus GSH.

    Evidence CRISPR knockout in HeLa, in vitro GST/UCH/DUB activity assays, recombinant protein plus GSH reconstitution, proteasome inhibition

    PMID:33049334

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which LANCL1 protects DUBs not defined
    • Direct DUB-LANCL1 binding not shown
  7. 2021 High

    Identified LANCL1 as a µM-affinity abscisic acid receptor coupling ABA to an AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 axis that stimulates glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration.

    Evidence Radioligand binding, CD, SPR, NBDG glucose uptake, qPCR/Western, LANCL2-knockout mice, overexpression/silencing in L6 myoblasts

    PMID:34098144

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of ABA binding not resolved
    • Endogenous mammalian ABA source and physiological role uncertain
  8. 2022 Medium

    Extended the ABA-LANCL1 axis to cardiac cells and placed NO production downstream, with ERRα identified as an upstream transcription factor controlling mitochondrial biogenesis.

    Evidence Reciprocal overexpression/silencing of LANCL1/2 in H9c2 cells, hypoxia/reoxygenation, L-NAME inhibition, Seahorse assays, ERRα analysis

    PMID:36139463 PMID:37759995

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect control of ERRα not distinguished
    • LANCL1 vs LANCL2 specific contributions not separated
  9. 2022 Medium

    Established a transcriptional control loop: SP1 drives LANCL1 expression in response to oxidative stress, and LANCL1 is required for protection of spermatozoa against oxidative damage.

    Evidence LanCL1 knockout and transgenic mice, semen analysis, high-fat-diet model, SP1 transcription factor analysis

    PMID:35469022

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct SP1 binding to the LanCL1 promoter not demonstrated in this finding
    • Tissue specificity of SP1 regulation unclear
  10. 2023 High

    Uncovered a glutathione-independent antioxidant mechanism: LANCL1 stabilizes FAM49B by blocking TRIM21-mediated degradation, suppressing Rac1-NADPH oxidase-driven ROS.

    Evidence siRNA screen, mass spectrometry partner identification, Co-IP, ubiquitination and Rac1 activity assays, in vivo tumor initiation in hepatocellular carcinoma

    PMID:37540188

    Open questions at the time
    • Reported cell-surface localization conflicts with earlier cytoplasmic localization and is unexplained
    • Structural basis of LANCL1-FAM49B binding unknown
  11. 2024 Medium

    Defined a PGC-1α–SP1 regulatory axis controlling LANCL1 transcription, with biphasic ROS responses determining whether LANCL1 is induced or suppressed.

    Evidence Hypothalamic LanCL1 overexpression/knockout mice, high-fat diet, Co-IP of PGC-1α and SP1, ubiquitination Western blots

    PMID:38397850

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct promoter occupancy not mapped
    • Generality of the biphasic switch across tissues untested
  12. 2026 High

    Demonstrated LANCL1's roles in axon regeneration and neuropathic pain, including target validation of an analgesic peptide, while excluding mTOR as the regeneration mechanism.

    Evidence AAV2 LanCL1 overexpression in RGCs with optic nerve crush, pS6 immunostaining; photoaffinity pulldown of LanCL1 by LAT8881, DRG siRNA, spinal electrophysiology and behavioral allodynia in rodent models; LANCL1-SIRT3-SOD2 axis in bile duct ligation

    PMID:42001717 PMID:42002019 PMID:42263267

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular pathway driving axon regeneration not identified given mTOR exclusion
    • Mechanism of LANCL1 functional reorganization between neurons and glia unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The unifying molecular activity linking LANCL1's glutathione-related catalysis, ABA receptor function, DUB/FAM49B protein stabilization, and kinase activation remains undefined.
  • No structural model integrating ABA binding and catalytic/scaffold functions
  • Whether one activity is primary and others downstream is unresolved
  • Endogenous physiological ligand(s) and substrate(s) unidentified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2 GO:0016209 antioxidant activity 1 GO:0016740 transferase activity 1 GO:0140299 molecular sensor activity 1 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 1
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 2 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 LANCL1 (p40/GPR69A) is a loosely associated peripheral membrane protein located at the cytoplasmic side of the erythrocyte membrane, not a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor. It is related to the bacterial LanC family of membrane-associated proteins involved in antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis, suggesting a role as a peptide-modifying enzyme. Peptide-antibody characterization, sequence analysis, subcellular fractionation Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 10944443
2005 LANCL1 (erythrocyte cytosolic protein) is recruited to the surface of Maurer's clefts in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes through direct interaction with the parasite integral membrane protein PfSBP1, and this interaction is proposed to be central for late steps of parasite development. Co-immunoprecipitation / protein interaction, immunofluorescence localization in infected erythrocytes Molecular and biochemical parasitology Medium 15811525
2014 LanCL1 is a neuronal antioxidant protein whose genetic deletion causes enhanced ROS accumulation, lipid/protein/DNA oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the brain. LanCL1 protein purified from eukaryotic cells catalyzes formation of thioether products similar to glutathione S-transferase activity, constituting a neuron-specific glutathione defense mechanism. Genetic knockout (LanCL1-deficient mice), LanCL1 transgene rescue, in vitro enzymatic assay with purified eukaryotic LanCL1 protein, ROS/oxidative damage measurements, mitochondrial function assays Developmental cell High 25158856
2018 LanCL1 protects prostate cancer cells from oxidative stress and promotes proliferation through inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway; siRNA-mediated LanCL1 knockdown increases apoptosis and JNK pathway activation. siRNA knockdown, Western blot for JNK pathway phosphorylation, cell viability and apoptosis assays Cell death & disease Medium 29416001
2018 LanCL1 protects neurons against ischemia-induced oxidative stress by activating the Akt-PGC-1α-Sirt3 signaling pathway, which stimulates mitochondrial enzyme activities and SOD2 deacetylation; knockdown of PGC-1α or Akt blockade partially prevented LanCL1 protective effects. Lentiviral LanCL1 overexpression in HT22 cells, OGD model, siRNA knockdown of PGC-1α, Akt inhibitor, Western blot for pathway components, mitochondrial function assays, ROS measurement Brain research bulletin Medium 30075199
2019 LanCL1 is a positive regulator of AKT activity; CNS-specific LanCL1 transgene restores impaired AKT activity in ALS model (SOD1G93A) mice and promotes motor neuron survival, delays disease onset, and extends lifespan. CNS-specific LanCL1 deletion causes motor neuron loss, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage. Transgenic LanCL1 overexpression and CNS-specific conditional knockout in SOD1G93A mice, Western blot for AKT phosphorylation, behavioral/survival analysis, histopathology Cell death and differentiation High 31570855
2020 Recombinant human LanCL1 has less than 10% the specific activity of GST (negative finding: LanCL1 does not act as a classical GST enzyme in vivo). CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of LanCL1 in HeLa cells sensitizes to H2O2 toxicity, decreases UCH deubiquitinase activity, and reduces protein levels of DUBs (A20/TNFAIP3, USP9X, USP10). Addition of recombinant LanCL1 plus GSH recovers UCH activity in H2O2-treated lysates, indicating LanCL1 positively regulates redox-sensitive deubiquitinating enzymes. CRISPR-Cas9 stable knockout, in vitro enzymatic activity assay for GST and UCH/DUB, Western blot, proteasome inhibitor experiments (bortezomib), GSH/GSSG measurement, recombinant protein reconstitution Free radical biology & medicine High 33049334
2021 Human recombinant LANCL1 binds abscisic acid (ABA) with a Kd of 1–10 µM (lower affinity than LANCL2). LANCL1 overexpression in L6 myoblasts stimulates basal and ABA-triggered glucose uptake (~4-fold), increases GLUT4 and GLUT1 expression, activates the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 signaling axis (~2-fold), and stimulates mitochondrial respiration and expression of uncoupling proteins (sarcolipin, UCP3). LANCL2-knockout mice spontaneously overexpress LANCL1 in skeletal muscle and respond to ABA with improved glycemia and GLUT/AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1/sarcolipin/UCP3 transcription. Equilibrium binding with [3H]ABA, circular dichroism, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescent glucose analog (NBDG) uptake assay, Western blot, qPCR, LANCL2-/- mouse model, viral overexpression and siRNA silencing in L6 cells Molecular metabolism High 34098144
2022 In H9c2 cardiomyoblasts under hypoxia/reoxygenation, LANCL1 (and LANCL2) overexpression increases phosphorylation of Akt, AMPK, and eNOS; stimulates NO production; increases glucose uptake and NADPH levels; and improves cell survival. Silencing LANCL1/2 has the opposite effects. L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) abrogates ABA/LANCL1-mediated protection, placing NO production downstream of LANCL1 in the hypoxia-protection pathway. Viral overexpression and siRNA silencing of LANCL1/2 in H9c2 cells, hypoxia/reoxygenation model, Western blot for Akt/AMPK/eNOS phosphorylation, NOS inhibitor (L-NAME), fluorescent glucose uptake assay, mitochondrial proton gradient measurement Cells Medium 36139463
2022 LanCL1 expression in spermatocytes is transcriptionally regulated by transcription factor SP1 in response to spermatogenic reactive oxygen species. LanCL1 deletion causes spermatozoal oxidative damage and impaired male fertility; LanCL1 transgene protects against high-fat-diet-induced oxidative damage and subfertility in mice. LanCL1 knockout and transgenic mouse models, semen analysis, histopathology, SP1 transcription factor analysis, ROS measurement Lab animal Medium 35469022
2023 LANCL1 functions as a cell surface protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and directly binds FAM49B as a downstream partner (identified by mass spectrometry). LANCL1 stabilizes FAM49B by blocking its interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, preventing ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of FAM49B. The LANCL1-FAM49B axis suppresses Rac1-NADPH oxidase-driven ROS production independently of LANCL1's glutathione transferase function. siRNA library screen, immunofluorescence for membrane localization, limiting dilution assay in vivo, mass spectrometry (pulldown for FAM49B identification), Co-IP for LANCL1-FAM49B and FAM49B-TRIM21 interactions, ubiquitination assays, Rac1 activity assay, ROS measurement Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) High 37540188
2023 LANCL1/2 overexpression or silencing controls mitochondrial number, OXPHOS complex I, proton gradient, glucose and palmitate-dependent respiration, and expression of cytoskeletal/contractile/ion channel proteins in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. These effects are mediated by transcription factor ERRα, which acts upstream of the AMPK/PGC-1α axis and is itself transcriptionally controlled by the ABA-LANCL1/2 system. Viral overexpression and siRNA silencing of LANCL1/2, mitochondrial function assays (Seahorse), Western blot, qPCR, ERRα transcription factor analysis in H9c2 cells Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Medium 37759995
2024 Hypothalamic LanCL1 transcription is regulated by both PGC-1α and SP1 through direct interaction of these two factors. Under high-fat diet, short-term ROS exposure activates PGC-1α to elevate LanCL1 expression, while long-term exposure promotes ubiquitin-mediated PGC-1α degradation and suppresses LanCL1, establishing a PGC-1α-SP1-LanCL1 regulatory axis in hypothalamic antioxidant defense. Hypothalamic LanCL1 overexpression/knockout mouse models, high-fat diet model, Co-immunoprecipitation of PGC-1α and SP1, Western blot for ubiquitination and pathway components, qPCR Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Medium 38397850
2026 LanCL1 overexpression in retinal ganglion cells (via intravitreal AAV2) promotes neuroprotection and axon regeneration after optic nerve crush injury in vivo; axons extend through the full optic nerve when combined with fibronectin-based recombinant small protein. However, LanCL1 transgene does NOT activate the mTOR pathway marker pS6 in injured RGCs (negative finding for mTOR mechanism). AAV2-mediated LanCL1 overexpression in mouse RGCs, optic nerve crush injury model, axon tracing, immunostaining for pS6 (mTOR marker), scRNA-seq characterization of Lancl1-3 expression in RGC subtypes Experimental neurology Medium 42002019
2026 LanCL1 is a critical mediator of neuropathic hypersensitivity. The novel peptide ligand LAT8881 binds LanCL1 in the spinal cord (confirmed by photoaffinity pulldown), suppresses ectopic firing at the DRG, reduces wind-up and spontaneous activity in dorsal horn neurons, and reverses mechanical allodynia in multiple rodent neuropathic models. siRNA knockdown of LanCL1 in DRG blocked LAT8881 activity. In neuropathic models, LanCL1 undergoes functional reorganization: reduced cytosolic expression in DRG neurons with increased expression in satellite glia. Photoaffinity conjugate pulldown of LanCL1 from spinal cord, siRNA knockdown in DRG, ex vivo spinal cord electrophysiology, in vivo electrophysiology (DRG ectopic firing, dorsal horn unit recording), behavioral allodynia testing in CCI and other rodent models, immunohistochemistry for LanCL1 localization Pain High 42263267
2026 LANCL1-SIRT3-SOD2 axis: LANCL1 downregulation (in obstructive jaundice) inhibits SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of SOD2, impairing antioxidant capacity and increasing oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. LANCL1 overexpression restores SIRT3 expression and SOD2 deacetylation, attenuating liver injury. In vivo bile duct ligation model, in vitro BDL-serum-treated BRL-3A hepatocytes, LANCL1 overexpression, Western blot for SIRT3 and SOD2 deacetylation, ROS/MDA/SOD assays, H&E histology, proteomic serum analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 42001717

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 28 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Developmental and activity-dependent expression of LanCL1 confers antioxidant activity required for neuronal survival. Developmental cell 57 25158856
2000 Characterization of p40/GPR69A as a peripheral membrane protein related to the lantibiotic synthetase component C. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 47 10944443
2018 LanCL1 protects prostate cancer cells from oxidative stress via suppression of JNK pathway. Cell death & disease 37 29416001
2021 LANCL1 binds abscisic acid and stimulates glucose transport and mitochondrial respiration in muscle cells via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway. Molecular metabolism 36 34098144
2001 Characterization of rat LANCL1, a novel member of the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein family, highly expressed in testis and brain. Gene 35 11376939
2005 LANCL1, an erythrocyte protein recruited to the Maurer's clefts during Plasmodium falciparum development. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 34 15811525
2019 LanCL1 promotes motor neuron survival and extends the lifespan of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Cell death and differentiation 33 31570855
2003 Germ cell differentiation-dependent and stage-specific expression of LANCL1 in rodent testis. European journal of histochemistry : EJH 33 14514412
2022 The ABA-LANCL1/2 Hormone-Receptors System Protects H9c2 Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxia-Induced Mitochondrial Injury via an AMPK- and NO-Mediated Mechanism. Cells 22 36139463
2018 LanCL1 attenuates ischemia-induced oxidative stress by Sirt3-mediated preservation of mitochondrial function. Brain research bulletin 21 30075199
2023 LANCL1, a cell surface protein, promotes liver tumor initiation through FAM49B-Rac1 axis to suppress oxidative stress. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 17 37540188
2020 The Endogenous Alterations of the Gut Microbiota and Feces Metabolites Alleviate Oxidative Damage in the Brain of LanCL1 Knockout Mice. Frontiers in microbiology 16 33117306
2001 Organization and chromosomal localization of the human and mouse genes coding for LanC-like protein 1 (LANCL1). Cytogenetics and cell genetics 15 11474189
2023 Abscisic Acid and Its Receptors LANCL1 and LANCL2 Control Cardiomyocyte Mitochondrial Function, Expression of Contractile, Cytoskeletal and Ion Channel Proteins and Cell Proliferation via ERRα. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 11 37759995
2020 Stable knockout of lanthionine synthase C-like protein-1 (LanCL1) from HeLa cells indicates a role for LanCL1 in redox regulation of deubiquitinating enzymes. Free radical biology & medicine 8 33049334
2023 The ABA/LANCL1/2 Hormone/Receptor System Controls Adipocyte Browning and Energy Expenditure. International journal of molecular sciences 7 36834900
2023 Upregulation of lncRNA LANCL1-AS1 inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer via the miR-3680-3p/GMFG axis. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 5 36941990
2022 LANCL1 as the Key Immune Marker in Neuropathic Pain. Neural plasticity 5 35510269
2022 Animal models of male subfertility targeted on LanCL1-regulated spermatogenic redox homeostasis. Lab animal 4 35469022
2022 Single-Cell RNAseq Resolve the Potential Effects of LanCL1 Gene in the Mouse Testis. Cells 4 36552898
2024 PGC-1α-Coordinated Hypothalamic Antioxidant Defense Is Linked to SP1-LanCL1 Axis during High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 3 38397850
2024 LanCL1 protects developing neurons from long-term isoflurane anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. Experimental neurology 2 38972370
2024 Thermal measurements support a role of the ABA/LANCL1-2 hormone/receptors system in thermogenesis. Open biology 2 39657821
2020 Identification of Critical Pathways and Hub Genes in LanCL1-Overexpressed Prostate Cancer Cells. OncoTargets and therapy 2 32821124
2026 Downregulation of LANCL1 exacerbates jaundice-induced liver injury by enhancing oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 0 42001717
2026 Experimental upregulation of Lancl1 promotes axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in vivo. Experimental neurology 0 42002019
2026 Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1): a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain. Pain 0 42263267
2025 Redox regulator LanCL1 suppresses glioma progression by coordinately inhibiting cell growth and regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Free radical biology & medicine 0 40886923

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