Affinage

CTBP2

C-terminal-binding protein 2 · UniProt P56545

Length
445 aa
Mass
48.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 41 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CTBP2 is a bifunctional NAD(H)-sensing protein that serves as both a transcriptional coregulator in the nucleus and, via its identity with the RIBEYE B-domain, a structural scaffold for synaptic ribbons at sensory neuron synapses. In its transcriptional role, NADH-dependent tetramerization is required for full repressor and oncogenic activity; CtBP2 assembles with chromatin-modifying complexes (NuRD/PRC2, HDAC1, LSD1, p300) and sequence-specific DNA-binding partners (ZEB1/deltaEF1, KLF3, E2F7, AR, RAR/RXR, OCT1, NEUROD1, NRF1/NRF2, C/EBPα) to repress or activate target genes controlling EMT, metabolism, pluripotency exit, and differentiation, with p300-mediated acetylation at Lys-10 governing nuclear retention and HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-428 tuning corepressor strength (PMID:33264605, PMID:16356938, PMID:25944056, PMID:25659434, PMID:34728642). As the RIBEYE B-domain, CtBP2 binds NAD(H) and synaptic vesicle lipids in a redox-sensitive manner, interacts with Bassoon, Munc119, and ArfGAP3, and is absolutely required for synaptic ribbon formation and the nanodomain coupling of Ca²⁺ channels to vesicle exocytosis that sustains tonic neurotransmitter release (PMID:11163272, PMID:26929012, PMID:21350006, PMID:28202712). Ctbp2 is essential for embryonic development, as null mice die by E10.5 with axial patterning defects, and tissue-specific deletions reveal critical roles in hepatic metabolic gene regulation and pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion (PMID:12101226, PMID:34728642, PMID:37557182).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Establishing that CtBP2 functions as a transcriptional corepressor recruited by deltaEF1/ZEB family transcription factors through a conserved PLDLSL motif answered the foundational question of how CtBP2 participates in gene regulation.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, Co-IP, and Gal4 reporter assays with PLDLSL mutagenesis

    PMID:10567582

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of recruited chromatin-modifying effectors not yet defined
    • Whether CtBP2 has functions independent of ZEB-mediated repression unknown
  2. 2000 High

    Discovery that the major synaptic ribbon protein RIBEYE contains a B-domain identical to CtBP2, with high-affinity NAD⁺ binding, revealed a dual life for this gene as both a transcriptional regulator and a synaptic scaffold, reframing the functional scope of CtBP2.

    Evidence Purification of synaptic ribbons, cDNA cloning, NAD⁺ binding assays

    PMID:11163272

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NAD(H) binding is required for ribbon assembly unknown
    • Mechanism linking CtBP2/RIBEYE-B to vesicle release not established
  3. 2002 High

    Ctbp2-null mouse lethality at E10.5 with axial patterning defects, and dosage-sensitive genetic interaction with Ctbp1, established that CtBP2 is an essential developmental corepressor with partially redundant paralog functions.

    Evidence Gene-targeted knockout mice, transcription assays in CtBP-deficient cells

    PMID:12101226

    Open questions at the time
    • Which target genes drive embryonic lethality unknown
    • Relative contributions of CtBP2 vs. CtBP1 to specific developmental programs unresolved
  4. 2004 High

    Demonstration that NADH-dependent homodimerization through the Rossmann fold (Gly189) is required for corepressor activity, together with identification of an N-terminal repression domain, defined the structural requirements for CtBP2 transcriptional function.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of dehydrogenase-domain residues with transcriptional reporter and Co-IP assays

    PMID:15037661

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether higher-order oligomers beyond dimers are functionally relevant not addressed
    • Role of catalytic activity vs. scaffolding not separated
  5. 2005 High

    Two parallel advances defined CtBP2-specific regulatory mechanisms: p300-mediated acetylation at Lys-10 controls nuclear retention of CtBP2, and the RIBEYE-B/Bassoon interaction anchors ribbons to presynaptic active zones, establishing distinct post-translational and structural control in nuclear vs. synaptic contexts.

    Evidence K10R mutagenesis with leptomycin B and reporter assays (nuclear); Bassoon-deficient mice with Co-IP and immunofluorescence (synaptic)

    PMID:15728193 PMID:16356938

    Open questions at the time
    • Which acetyltransferase acts in vivo to maintain CtBP2 nuclear pool not confirmed
    • How Bassoon-RIBEYE interaction is regulated remains unclear
  6. 2008 High

    Mapping of five distinct RIBEYE self-association interfaces and identification of Munc119 as a direct RIBEYE-B interactor (via a site separable from NAD(H) binding) revealed the modular protein-interaction logic underlying ribbon scaffold assembly.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, pulldown, immunogold EM, mutagenesis separating NAD(H)-binding from Munc119-binding sites

    PMID:18664567 PMID:18685021

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of Munc119 recruitment to ribbons not established
    • How NAD⁺ regulation of A-B domain docking operates in vivo unknown
  7. 2009 Medium

    Multiple studies broadened CtBP2's transcriptional partner repertoire and signaling inputs: CtBP2 cooperates with ZEB1/HDAC1 to repress IL-2, with C/EBPα to repress adipose genes downstream of PPARγ, and with acinus downstream of NGF/Akt to repress cyclin A1, establishing CtBP2 as a signal-responsive corepressor hub.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter assays, siRNA knockdown, PPARγ helix-7 mutagenesis, Akt phosphorylation assays across three independent studies

    PMID:19181930 PMID:19564408 PMID:19668232

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CtBP2 acts as corepressor vs. coactivator is context-dependent and the switch mechanism is not defined
    • Relative contribution of HDAC recruitment vs. other effectors unclear
  8. 2011 Medium

    In vivo evidence that Ribeye clusters CaV1.3a calcium channels at hair cell synapses, and that cAMP/PKA-HIPK2 signaling degrades CtBP2 to permit melanocyte differentiation, established CtBP2/RIBEYE as an actively regulated effector in both sensory neurotransmission and neural crest lineage decisions.

    Evidence Zebrafish morpholino knockdown and transgenic overexpression with electrophysiology (ribbon); PKA/HIPK2 knockdown in neural crest cultures and zebrafish (differentiation)

    PMID:21199918 PMID:21350006

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which RIBEYE clusters Ca²⁺ channels not defined
    • Whether HIPK2-mediated CtBP2 degradation is ubiquitin-dependent not shown
  9. 2013 Medium

    Identification of CtBP2 as a coactivator of RAR/RXR (recruiting p300 for retinoic acid target gene activation), a corepressor with AR at prostate cancer gene promoters, and a CCNH/CDK7-stabilized oncogenic effector expanded understanding of CtBP2 from a pure repressor to a context-dependent coregulator whose stability is controlled by kinase competition.

    Evidence RNAi screens, ChIP, Co-IP, genome-wide expression, and CCNH/CDK7 competition assays across independent studies

    PMID:23393140 PMID:23775127 PMID:25228652

    Open questions at the time
    • What determines corepressor vs. coactivator mode at a given locus not mechanistically defined
    • Structural basis of CDK7-HIPK2 competition for CtBP2 not resolved
  10. 2014 Medium

    Discovery that ArfGAP3 interacts with RIBEYE-B in a redox-sensitive, NAD(H)-dependent manner — with NADH promoting and NAD⁺ inhibiting interaction — and that CtBP2 serves as E2F7 corepressor to control proliferation, linked the metabolite-sensing Rossmann fold to both synaptic vesicle endocytosis and cell-cycle regulation.

    Evidence Multiple interaction assays with redox manipulation and FM1-43 endocytosis (ArfGAP3); proteomics, Co-IP, reporter assays (E2F7)

    PMID:24719103 PMID:24955216

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ArfGAP3-RIBEYE interaction regulates vesicle recycling in vivo not tested genetically
    • E2F7-CtBP2 axis not validated in vivo
  11. 2015 Medium

    Genome-wide studies established that CtBP2 coordinates sequential chromatin modifications during ESC differentiation — first recruiting NuRD to deacetylate H3K27ac, then enabling PRC2-mediated H3K27me3 — while HIPK2 phosphorylation at Ser-428 tunes CtBP2-KLF3 corepressor strength, revealing layered epigenetic and post-translational control.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, Co-IP with NuRD/PRC2 components, siRNA in ESCs; MS identification of pS428 with mutagenesis and KLF3 binding assays

    PMID:25659434 PMID:25944056

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NuRD-then-PRC2 sequence is a general CtBP2 mechanism or ESC-specific unknown
    • Kinase(s) opposing HIPK2 at S428 not identified
  12. 2016 High

    Complete RIBEYE knockout in mice abolished all retinal synaptic ribbons, severely impaired fast and sustained neurotransmitter release, and made spontaneous release EGTA-sensitive, definitively establishing RIBEYE/CtBP2 as essential for nanodomain Ca²⁺-channel–vesicle coupling at ribbon synapses.

    Evidence RIBEYE knockout mice with paired electrophysiological recordings in acute retinal slices and EGTA sensitivity assays

    PMID:26929012

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RIBEYE loss equally affects all ribbon synapse subtypes (e.g. cochlear) not tested
    • Molecular mechanism of nanodomain coupling not defined
  13. 2017 Medium

    Demonstration that the RIBEYE-B domain directly binds synaptic vesicle lipids (especially lysophospholipids) in a redox-sensitive manner added a lipid-interaction dimension to the ribbon scaffold, and evidence that CtBP2 limits β-catenin accessibility to pluripotency factors in ESCs expanded its developmental roles.

    Evidence Liposome sedimentation with defined lipids and NADH/NAD⁺ manipulation; Co-IP and β-catenin stability assays in ESCs

    PMID:28202712 PMID:29026198

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of lipid binding at intact ribbons not shown
    • Whether β-catenin sequestration is a direct or indirect CtBP2 effect unclear
  14. 2020 High

    Cryo-EM structures revealed that NADH-bound CtBP2 is natively tetrameric, and tetramer-destabilizing mutants lost transcriptional repression and cell migration activity, establishing the tetramer as the functional oncogenic oligomer — resolving a long-standing question about the active quaternary state.

    Evidence Cryo-EM at near-atomic resolution, tetramer-destabilizing mutagenesis with E-cadherin reporter and cell migration assays

    PMID:33264605

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether tetramer is also the functional form at synaptic ribbons unknown
    • Structural basis of how tetrameric CtBP2 engages chromatin complexes not resolved
  15. 2021 High

    CtBP2's metabolite-sensing function was extended beyond NADH: acyl-CoAs (especially malonyl-CoA) shift CtBP2 toward monomers to enhance PPARα interaction and repress fatty acid oxidation in liver, while in pancreatic β cells CtBP2 co-activates insulin gene expression with NEUROD1, demonstrating tissue-specific metabolic integration.

    Evidence Liver-specific and β-cell-specific knockout mice, ChIP-seq, protein interaction assays, glucose tolerance tests, malonyl-CoA manipulation

    PMID:34728642 PMID:37557182

    Open questions at the time
    • Full spectrum of metabolites sensed by the Rossmann fold pocket not mapped
    • Structural mechanism of acyl-CoA-induced monomerization not determined
  16. 2022 High

    Quantitative biophysics confirmed ~100 nM tetramer-to-dimer Kd and 30–500 nM NAD(H) binding affinity, implying CtBP2 is constitutively NAD⁺-saturated in cells, and a RIBEYE-B knockin replacement showed the B-domain is required for A-domain stability and ribbon assembly, further integrating structural and synaptic functions.

    Evidence Analytical ultracentrifugation, ITC (biophysics); knockin mice replacing B-domain with fluorescent protein, EM (synaptic)

    PMID:34997967 PMID:35153673

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether local NAD⁺/NADH ratio changes ever drop below saturating levels in specific compartments unknown
    • Minimal B-domain region required for A-domain stabilization not mapped
  17. 2023 Medium

    Identification of CtBP2 as a cofactor of the m6Am methyltransferase PCIF1, regulating mRNA cap modification and TET2 translation, revealed an unexpected RNA-associated function beyond classical transcriptional coregulation.

    Evidence CLIP-Seq, m6Am-Seq, CTBP2 knockout, Co-IP, translation assays

    PMID:37643007

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CtBP2 catalytic/dehydrogenase activity is required for PCIF1 cofactor function unknown
    • Scope of CtBP2-dependent m6Am targets beyond TET2 not defined
  18. 2024 High

    Demonstration that EVI1 requires its PLDLS-mediated interaction with CtBP1/2 for leukemic transformation, and that a competitive PLDLS peptide inhibits AML in xenotransplants, validated CtBP2 as a druggable dependency in MECOM-rearranged AML.

    Evidence Competitive 4× PLDLS constructs, proteomics, in vitro proliferation assays, xenotransplant models

    PMID:38748792

    Open questions at the time
    • Selectivity of PLDLS peptide for EVI1-CtBP vs. other PLDLS-containing partner interactions not assessed
    • Whether CtBP2 or CtBP1 is the dominant partner for EVI1 not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the structural basis for context-dependent switching between corepressor and coactivator modes; whether tetrameric CtBP2 is the functional species at synaptic ribbons; the full scope of metabolites sensed by the Rossmann fold; and the physiological significance of the newly identified m6Am cofactor function.
  • No structural model of CtBP2 bound to any chromatin-modifying complex
  • Corepressor-to-coactivator switch mechanism unresolved
  • Role of dehydrogenase catalytic activity in vivo remains ambiguous

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 13 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 6 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 11 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 1
Partners
BSNEVI1HDAC1HIPK2KLF3NEUROD1PCIF1ZEB1
Complex memberships
CtBP2-p300-AP-1 complexNuRD complexRIBEYE ribbon scaffold

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 RIBEYE, a major component of synaptic ribbons, consists of a unique A domain that mediates assembly into large ribbon structures, and a B domain identical to CtBP2 that binds NAD+ with high affinity, similar to 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases. The A domain drives ribbon assembly while the B domain (CtBP2) provides NAD(H)-binding scaffolding function. Partial purification of synaptic ribbons, protein domain analysis, NAD+ binding assays, cDNA cloning Neuron High 11163272
2005 Acetylation of CtBP2 by the nuclear acetyltransferase p300 at Lys-10 in its unique N-terminal domain is critical for nuclear localization. A K10R mutant is predominantly cytoplasmic due to enhanced nuclear export (sensitive to leptomycin B), and cytoplasmic localization of K10R correlates with enhanced repression of the E-cadherin promoter. Mutagenesis, subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence, leptomycin B treatment, luciferase reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 16356938
2004 CtBP2 co-repressor function requires NADH-dependent homodimerization; mutations at Gly189 in the NAD+-binding fold abrogate dimerization and dramatically reduce co-repressor activity. Mutations at Arg272 (substrate-binding domain) and His321 (catalytic domain) also reduce co-repressor activity. A novel N-terminal repression domain distinct from the dehydrogenase domain was identified. Site-directed mutagenesis, transcriptional reporter assays, co-immunoprecipitation, deletion analysis Nucleic acids research High 15037661
2020 Cryo-EM structures of CtBP2 demonstrate that the native state of CtBP2 in the presence of NADH is tetrameric. Tetramer-destabilizing mutants are defective for cell migration, transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, and activation of TIAM1, establishing the tetramer as the functional oligomeric form. Cryo-electron microscopy, cell migration assays, transcriptional reporter assays, mutagenesis Structure High 33264605
2022 Analytical ultracentrifugation confirmed that CtBP1 and CtBP2 assemble into tetramers in the presence of saturating NAD+ or NADH, with tetramer-to-dimer dissociation constants of ~100 nM. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed NAD(H) binding dissociation constants of 30–500 nM depending on nucleotide and paralog, suggesting CtBP is fully saturated with NAD+ under physiological concentrations. Analytical ultracentrifugation, isothermal titration calorimetry FEBS letters High 34997967
2021 CtBP2 repressor activity is reciprocally regulated by NADH (which promotes dimerization and repression) and acyl-CoAs (including malonyl-CoA, which shifts CtBP2 toward monomeric configuration and enhances interaction with PPARα to repress fatty acid oxidation). CtBP2 directly represses FoxO1-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis and indirectly represses SREBP1-mediated lipogenesis. The Rossmann fold metabolite-sensing pocket is the critical structural domain. Liver-specific knockout mice, gene expression analysis, protein-protein interaction assays, structural analysis, in vitro binding assays Nature communications High 34728642
2008 RIBEYE self-associates through five distinct interaction sites: three in the A-domain (mediating A-A homodimerization and A-B heterodimerization) and two in the B-domain (CtBP2). The B-domain homodimerization interface is topographically distinct from the A-domain docking site, and NAD+ negatively regulates the A-domain docking on the B-domain. Heterologously expressed RIBEYE forms ribbon-like aggregates that co-assemble with bassoon. Yeast two-hybrid, pulldown assays, synaptic ribbon interaction assays, coaggregation experiments, transmission electron microscopy, immunogold EM The Journal of neuroscience High 18685021
2005 Direct physical interaction between RIBEYE (B domain/CtBP2) and Bassoon links the ribbon-associated compartment to the active zone compartment; loss of Bassoon causes ribbons to float freely in the cytoplasm rather than anchoring to the presynaptic membrane. Bassoon-deficient mice, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation The Journal of cell biology High 15728193
2016 RIBEYE is essential for synaptic ribbon formation: full deletion of RIBEYE in mice abolishes all presynaptic ribbons in retinal synapses. Loss of RIBEYE severely impairs fast and sustained neurotransmitter release at bipolar neuron/AII amacrine cell synapses and renders spontaneous miniature release sensitive to slow Ca2+-buffer EGTA, indicating RIBEYE mediates nano-domain coupling of Ca2+ channels to synaptic vesicle exocytosis. RIBEYE knockout mice, paired electrophysiological recordings in acute retina slices, EGTA sensitivity assays The EMBO journal High 26929012
2011 Ribeye is required for presynaptic CaV1.3a calcium channel clustering at hair cell synapses and for stabilizing afferent neuron contacts. Ribeye knockdown reduces stimulus-evoked action potentials and causes loss of CaV1.3a channel clusters; overexpression of Ribeye causes ectopic CaV1.3a channel co-localization with Ribeye aggregates. Zebrafish morpholino knockdown, transgenic overexpression, immunofluorescence, electrophysiology Development High 21350006
2006 The unique N-terminal amino acids 4–14 of CtBP2 direct it to an almost exclusively nuclear distribution in a p300 acetyltransferase-dependent manner (nuclear retention sequence). CtBP1 can be recruited to the nucleus through heterodimerization with CtBP2. The region a.a. 120–445 can also independently promote CtBP2 nuclear accumulation. Deletion mutagenesis, subcellular localization by immunofluorescence, heterologous domain fusion constructs, co-immunoprecipitation BMC cell biology Medium 16999872
2002 Ctbp2-null mice die by E10.5 with defects in axial patterning and aberrant extraembryonic development. Compound Ctbp1/Ctbp2 mutants show dosage-sensitive defects in a broad range of developmental processes, with strong genetic interaction indicating overlapping roles in transcriptional repression. CtBP-deficient cells show compromised transcriptional repression activity. Gene-targeted knockout mice, transcription assays in CtBP-deficient cells, genetic epistasis analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 12101226
2013 CCNH/CDK7 complex interacts with CtBP2 in vivo and in vitro and stabilizes CtBP2 by competing with tumor suppressor HIPK2 for CtBP2 binding, thereby inhibiting HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation and dimerization of CtBP2. Phosphorylation-defective CtBP2 interacts more strongly with CCNH/CDK7 and is more resistant to proteasomal degradation. CtBP2 promotes cancer cell invasion/migration in a CCNH-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation in vivo and in vitro, CDK7/CCNH knockdown, proteasome inhibition assays, cell invasion/migration assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 23393140
2012 CtBP2 promotes cancer cell migration via transcriptional activation of Tiam1 (a Rac GEF). CtBP2 occupies the Tiam1 promoter in a KLF8-dependent manner, and RNAi-mediated knockdown of CtBP2 reduces Tiam1 expression while overexpression increases it. Tiam1 is a key downstream mediator of CtBP2-mediated cell migration. RNA interference, overexpression, luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, cell migration assays Genes & cancer Medium 23264848
2009 CtBP1/2 act as corepressors of C/EBPα at visceral white adipose gene promoters (resistin, angiotensinogen) in response to PPARγ ligand activation. C/EBPα recruits CtBP1/2 to these gene promoters, and this recruitment depends on critical residues in PPARγ helix 7. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcription reporter assays, siRNA knockdown, mutation of PPARγ helix 7 Molecular and cellular biology Medium 19564408
1999 CtBP2 binds to deltaEF1 (ZEB family transcription factor) via the PLDLSL motif in the medial region of deltaEF1. CtBP2 fused to Gal4DBD acts as a transcriptional repressor, and CtBP2/CtBP1 serve as corepressors enhancing deltaEF1-mediated repression in a PLDLSL-dependent manner. Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, Gal4 transcription reporter assays, mutagenesis of PLDLSL motif Molecular and cellular biology High 10567582
2009 NGF promotes interaction between CtBP2 and acinus via Akt-mediated phosphorylation of acinus, leading to repression of cyclin A1 (but not cyclin A2) transcription. Overexpression of CtBP2 diminishes cyclin A1 transcription; depletion of CtBP2 abolishes NGF's suppressive effect on cyclin A1 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, transcriptional reporter assays, phosphorylation assays Oncogene Medium 19668232
2008 Munc119 is recruited to synaptic ribbons through direct interaction with the NAD(H)-binding region of RIBEYE(B) domain (CtBP2). The PrBP/delta homology domain of Munc119 mediates this interaction, which is independent of NADH binding. A RIBEYE point mutant (RE(B)E844Q) that cannot interact with Munc119 still binds NADH. Yeast two-hybrid, pulldown assays, co-immunoprecipitation, immunogold EM, site-directed mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 18664567
2014 ArfGAP3 is a component of the photoreceptor synaptic ribbon complex that interacts with RIBEYE(B) domain (CtBP2) in an NAD(H)-dependent, redox-sensitive manner: NADH promotes and NAD+ inhibits the interaction. RIBEYE competes with Arf1 for ArfGAP3 binding. Overexpression of ArfGAP3 inhibits endocytotic vesicle uptake (FM1-43) in photoreceptors. Multiple independent interaction assays, redox manipulation, overexpression, FM1-43 uptake assay in photoreceptors The Journal of neuroscience High 24719103
2009 ZEB1 cooperates with CtBP2 and HDAC1 to repress IL-2 promoter activity. This repression depends on the ZEB1-binding site at -100 in the IL-2 promoter and on the Pro-X-Asp-Leu-Ser (PXDLS) motif in CtBP2 for ZEB1 interaction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows ZEB1 binding to the IL-2 promoter. Luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, overexpression, mutagenesis of PXDLS motif International immunology Medium 19181930
2006 E1A displaces histone methyltransferase G9a and the E-box repressor ZEB from the CtBP2 complex and enhances acetylation of CtBP2 by recruiting p300 to the CtBP2 complex. CtBP2, but not CtBP1 isoforms, efficiently inhibits E1A transcriptional activation through its unique N-terminal domain in a manner independent of histone deacetylases. Co-immunoprecipitation, transcription assays, protein interaction studies The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 17023432
2015 Ctbp2 facilitates exit from pluripotency in embryonic stem cells by: (1) associating with the NuRD complex to mediate H3K27 deacetylation at active ESC genes, and (2) enabling subsequent PRC2-mediated H3K27me3 at those same genes. Ablation of Ctbp2 sustains high H3K27ac and impedes H3K27me3, maintaining ESC gene expression during differentiation. ChIP-seq genome-wide analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, histone modification analysis Stem cells Medium 25944056
2017 Ctbp2 associates with major components of the β-catenin destruction complex in ESCs and limits β-catenin accessibility to core pluripotency transcription factors. Ctbp2 knockdown stabilizes β-catenin, which then interacts with core pluripotency factors normally occupied by Ctbp2, leading to incomplete exit from pluripotency. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, ChIP assays, protein stability analysis Experimental & molecular medicine Medium 29026198
2013 CTBP2 acts as a coactivator of RAR/RXR nuclear receptors in retinoic acid signaling, associating with RAR/RXR at RA target gene promoters and recruiting the histone acetyltransferase p300 to create a chromatin environment permissive for transcription. CTBP2 suppression confers resistance to RA-induced differentiation. RNAi genetic screen, ChIP assays, co-immunoprecipitation, differentiation assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 23775127
2014 CtBP2 interacts with the transcription factor E2F7 through a canonical PIDLS CtBP-binding motif located in E2F7's hydrophobic cleft-interacting region. E2F7 represses E2F1 transcription and inhibits cell proliferation in a CtBP-dependent manner, establishing CtBP2 as a corepressor of E2F7. Proteomic (mass spectrometry) interactome analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, transcription reporter assays, cell proliferation assays Genes & cancer Medium 24955216
2011 cAMP/PKA signaling promotes CtBP2 (but not CtBP1) degradation via HIPK2, leading to de-repression of Mitf and REST expression and induction of melanocyte differentiation in neural crest cells. Knockdown of HIPK2 increases CtBP2 levels, suppresses Mitf/REST, reduces melanocyte differentiation, and increases sympathoadrenal lineage differentiation. Knockdown in NC cultures and zebrafish, PKA inhibition, proteasome inhibition, lineage differentiation assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 21199918
2015 HIPK2 phosphorylates CtBP2 at serine 428, and this phosphorylation strengthens the interaction between KLF3 and CtBP2, increasing transcriptional repression by KLF3. Mass spectrometry identified S428 as the phosphorylation site on CtBP2. Mass spectrometry identification of phosphorylation site, mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, transcription reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 25659434
2014 CtBP2 directly binds acireductone dioxygenase (ARD1) through ALDOB acting as a scaffold, and ARD1 catalyzes synthesis of an endogenous CtBP2 inhibitor (4-methylthio 2-oxobutyric acid) that inhibits CtBP2 activity. ALDOB-CtBP2 interaction-dependent mechanism suppresses CtBP2-mediated repression of cell cycle inhibitors, pro-apoptotic and epithelial marker genes. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, overexpression/knockdown studies, xenograft tumor models Frontiers of medicine Low 36790589
2020 CtBP2 forms a transcriptional complex with histone acetyltransferase p300 and AP-1 subunits (c-Jun and c-FOS) that binds the TGFB1 promoter and activates TGF-β expression. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation identified this complex. Knockdown or blockage of CtBP2 decreased p300 and AP-1 occupancy at the TGFB1 promoter. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown International journal of biological sciences Medium 31929749
2018 CtBP2 forms a complex with p300 and Runx2 that represses bone formation genes (OSC, ALPL, COL1A1, IBSP, SPP1, MMP13) when NADH levels are low. Low NADH disrupts CtBP2 dimerization, enhancing blockage of p300-Runx2 complex accessibility to target gene promoters. Forced increase of NADH (CoCl2) reverses this repression. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP assays, NADH manipulation, gene expression analysis International journal of biological sciences Medium 30585266
2019 CtBP2 directly interacts with OCT1 (POU2F1) to form a transcriptional complex that orchestrates the EMT program. Mutation of the CtBP-binding motif in OCT1 diminishes its ability to promote EMT. TGF-β promotes formation of the CtBP2/OCT1 complex. Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis of CtBP-binding motif in OCT1, EMT marker expression analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 31866012
2023 CTBP2 is identified as a cofactor of PCIF1 (m6Am methyltransferase) that catalyzes m6Am deposition on mRNA caps. CTBP2 binds similar mRNAs as PCIF1 (CLIP-Seq), and knockout of CTBP2 reduces PCIF1 occupancy on TET2 mRNA; the PCIF1-CTBP2 complex negatively regulates translation of TET2 mRNA. CLIP-Seq, m6Am-Seq, co-immunoprecipitation, CTBP2 knockout, translation assays The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 37643007
2021 CtBP2 forms transcriptional complexes with NRF1 and NRF2 that are required to promote expression of antioxidant genes in response to oxidative insults. CtBP2 is identified as an obligate partner of NRF1/NRF2 for antioxidative defense gene transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, gene expression analysis under oxidative stress, CtBP2 knockdown/overexpression Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 34052660
2023 Malonyl-CoA (increased in obese tissues) binds CtBP2 Rossmann fold and shifts its conformational equilibrium toward monomers, enhancing interaction with PPARα and repressing fatty acid oxidation. Mutations favoring monomeric CtBP2 increase CtBP2-PPARα interaction; liver-specific CtBP2 deletion derepresses PPARα target genes. Mutagenesis, protein-protein interaction assays, liver-specific knockout mice, metabolic manipulation of malonyl-CoA The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 37286039
2019 ZEB1 interaction with CTBP2 in the embryonic cerebral cortex is required for ZEB1 to elicit its effect on the multipolar-to-bipolar transition of differentiating neurons (cell migration), but is not required for ZEB1 suppression of Neurod1 (neuronal differentiation). Overexpression of Zeb1 blocks NPC lineage progression and causes subcortical heterotopia. In utero electroporation, co-immunoprecipitation, neuronal migration/differentiation assays in vivo Cell reports Medium 31116980
2024 EVI1 requires interaction with CTBP1 and CTBP2 via a single PLDLS motif for leukemic transformation in 3q26/MECOM-rearranged AML. A 4× PLDLS repeat construct that outcompetes EVI1 binding to CTBP1/2 inhibits AML cell proliferation in vitro and in xenotransplant models. Protein folding predictions, proteomics, competitive PLDLS constructs, in vitro proliferation assays, xenotransplant models Science advances High 38748792
2017 RIBEYE(B) domain (CtBP2) directly interacts with lipid components of synaptic vesicles (particularly lysophospholipids) in an NAD(H)-dependent, redox-sensitive manner: NADH (reduced form) enhances binding while NAD+ (oxidized form) inhibits it. This was demonstrated using liposome sedimentation assays and synaptic vesicle-containing membrane fractions. Liposome sedimentation assays, synaptic vesicle membrane fractions, defined lipid composition liposomes, NADH/NAD+ manipulation The Biochemical journal Medium 28202712
2022 The RIBEYE B-domain (CtBP2) is essential for stability of the RIBEYE A-domain and for synaptic ribbon assembly. Knockin mice in which the B-domain was replaced by a fluorescent protein showed destabilization of the hybrid protein and complete loss of synaptic ribbons, despite intact A-domain. Knockin mouse genetics, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, protein stability analysis Frontiers in molecular neuroscience High 35153673
2014 Zscan4 protein interacts directly with LSD1 and CtBP2 in mouse embryonic stem cell nuclei, as demonstrated by protein interaction analyses, suggesting Zscan4 may regulate gene transcription through these interactions. Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay in ESC nuclei, GAL4-fusion transcription reporter assays PloS one Low 24594919
2013 CtBP2 represses tumor-suppressor genes (NCOR, RIP140) and AR corepressors in prostate cancer cells by binding with androgen receptor (AR) to promoter enhancers of these genes. Global gene expression analysis revealed CtBP2 silencing increases AR interactions with corepressors and limits histone modification. ChIP assays, RNAi, global gene expression analysis, xenograft tumor model Cancer research Medium 25228652
2021 CtBP2 co-activates insulin gene expression in pancreatic β cells by interacting with NEUROD1 and decompacting chromatin in the insulin gene promoter (established by global genomic mapping of CtBP2 binding sites). β cell-specific CtBP2-deficient mice manifest glucose intolerance with impaired insulin secretion. β cell-specific knockout mice, ChIP-seq genome-wide binding analysis, transcriptome analysis, glucose tolerance tests Cell reports High 37557182

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 RIBEYE, a component of synaptic ribbons: a protein's journey through evolution provides insight into synaptic ribbon function. Neuron 447 11163272
2013 Myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhance stemness of cancer cells by inducing microRNA101 and suppressing the corepressor CtBP2. Immunity 367 24012420
2005 Molecular dissection of the photoreceptor ribbon synapse: physical interaction of Bassoon and RIBEYE is essential for the assembly of the ribbon complex. The Journal of cell biology 336 15728193
2002 Overlapping and unique roles for C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) and CtBP2 during mouse development. Molecular and cellular biology 254 12101226
2009 C/EBPalpha and the corepressors CtBP1 and CtBP2 regulate repression of select visceral white adipose genes during induction of the brown phenotype in white adipocytes by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. Molecular and cellular biology 167 19564408
1999 Identification of CtBP1 and CtBP2 as corepressors of zinc finger-homeodomain factor deltaEF1. Molecular and cellular biology 116 10567582
2016 How to make a synaptic ribbon: RIBEYE deletion abolishes ribbons in retinal synapses and disrupts neurotransmitter release. The EMBO journal 104 26929012
2011 Ribeye is required for presynaptic Ca(V)1.3a channel localization and afferent innervation of sensory hair cells. Development (Cambridge, England) 102 21350006
2008 Multiple RIBEYE-RIBEYE interactions create a dynamic scaffold for the formation of synaptic ribbons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 100 18685021
2009 The transcription repressor, ZEB1, cooperates with CtBP2 and HDAC1 to suppress IL-2 gene activation in T cells. International immunology 92 19181930
2017 LncRNA NEAT1 Regulates Cell Viability and Invasion in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through the miR-129/CTBP2 Axis. Disease markers 74 29147064
2005 Acetylation by p300 regulates nuclear localization and function of the transcriptional corepressor CtBP2. The Journal of biological chemistry 70 16356938
2013 Interaction with cyclin H/cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CCNH/CDK7) stabilizes C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) and promotes cancer cell migration. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 23393140
2005 Two ribeye genes in teleosts: the role of Ribeye in ribbon formation and bipolar cell development. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 64 15673675
2001 SOX6 binds CtBP2 to repress transcription from the Fgf-3 promoter. Nucleic acids research 63 11504872
1998 A novel C-terminal binding protein (CTBP2) is closely related to CTBP1, an adenovirus E1A-binding protein, and maps to human chromosome 21q21.3. Genomics 62 9479502
2016 Synaptic Ribbons Require Ribeye for Electron Density, Proper Synaptic Localization, and Recruitment of Calcium Channels. Cell reports 61 27292637
2021 Circular RNA circHERC4 as a novel oncogenic driver to promote tumor metastasis via the miR-556-5p/CTBP2/E-cadherin axis in colorectal cancer. Journal of hematology & oncology 57 34781990
2014 CtBP2 modulates the androgen receptor to promote prostate cancer progression. Cancer research 56 25228652
2019 ZEB1 Represses Neural Differentiation and Cooperates with CTBP2 to Dynamically Regulate Cell Migration during Neocortex Development. Cell reports 55 31116980
2015 Ctbp2 Modulates NuRD-Mediated Deacetylation of H3K27 and Facilitates PRC2-Mediated H3K27me3 in Active Embryonic Stem Cell Genes During Exit from Pluripotency. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 55 25944056
2015 Obesity-Associated MiR-342-3p Promotes Adipogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Suppressing CtBP2 and Releasing C/EBPα from CtBP2 Binding. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 54 25895816
2008 RIBEYE recruits Munc119, a mammalian ortholog of the Caenorhabditis elegans protein unc119, to synaptic ribbons of photoreceptor synapses. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 18664567
2012 CtBP2 Promotes Human Cancer Cell Migration by Transcriptional Activation of Tiam1. Genes & cancer 53 23264848
2004 The CtBP2 co-repressor is regulated by NADH-dependent dimerization and possesses a novel N-terminal repression domain. Nucleic acids research 51 15037661
2018 miR-144-3p Promotes Adipogenesis Through Releasing C/EBPα From Klf3 and CtBP2. Frontiers in genetics 44 30619490
2009 Porcine muscle sensory attributes associate with major changes in gene networks involving CAPZB, ANKRD1, and CTBP2. Functional & integrative genomics 39 19597856
2014 CtBP2 could promote prostate cancer cell proliferation through c-Myc signaling. Gene 37 24835310
2018 The TEA domain family transcription factor TEAD4 represses murine adipogenesis by recruiting the cofactors VGLL4 and CtBP2 into a transcriptional complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 30209132
2019 A Multiple Piccolino-RIBEYE Interaction Supports Plate-Shaped Synaptic Ribbons in Retinal Neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 33 30696732
2006 Role of the unique N-terminal domain of CtBP2 in determining the subcellular localisation of CtBP family proteins. BMC cell biology 33 16999872
2014 Zscan4 is regulated by PI3-kinase and DNA-damaging agents and directly interacts with the transcriptional repressors LSD1 and CtBP2 in mouse embryonic stem cells. PloS one 32 24594919
2020 Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is activated by the CtBP2-p300-AP1 transcriptional complex in chronic renal failure. International journal of biological sciences 31 31929749
2014 A self-organizing miR-132/Ctbp2 circuit regulates bimodal notch signals and glial progenitor fate choice during spinal cord maturation. Developmental cell 30 25132384
2013 CtBP2 contributes to malignant development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulation of p16INK4A. Journal of cellular biochemistry 29 23255392
2020 The Monocyte-Derived Exosomal CLMAT3 Activates the CtBP2-p300-NF-κB Transcriptional Complex to Induce Proinflammatory Cytokines in ALI. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 28 32866716
2019 Downregulation of miR-199a-3p mediated by the CtBP2-HDAC1-FOXP3 transcriptional complex contributes to acute lung injury by targeting NLRP1. International journal of biological sciences 27 31754335
2018 The intracellular NADH level regulates atrophic nonunion pathogenesis through the CtBP2-p300-Runx2 transcriptional complex. International journal of biological sciences 27 30585266
2012 High-resolution optical imaging of zebrafish larval ribbon synapse protein RIBEYE, RIM2, and CaV 1.4 by stimulation emission depletion microscopy. Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 27 22832038
2017 Downregulation of miR-200a-3p, Targeting CtBP2 Complex, Is Involved in the Hypoproduction of IL-2 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Derived T Cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 26 28438897
2015 Interaction with CCNH/CDK7 facilitates CtBP2 promoting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) metastasis via upregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 25 25820824
2021 The transcriptional corepressor CtBP2 serves as a metabolite sensor orchestrating hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Nature communications 24 34728642
2001 Dual use of the transcriptional repressor (CtBP2)/ribbon synapse (RIBEYE) gene: how prevalent are multifunctional genes? Trends in neurosciences 24 11576649
2023 The CTBP2-PCIF1 complex regulates m6Am modification of mRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The Journal of clinical investigation 23 37643007
2020 Cryo-EM structure of CtBP2 confirms tetrameric architecture. Structure (London, England : 1993) 23 33264605
2018 CtBP2 promotes proliferation and reduces drug sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Neoplasma 23 30334447
2014 ArfGAP3 is a component of the photoreceptor synaptic ribbon complex and forms an NAD(H)-regulated, redox-sensitive complex with RIBEYE that is important for endocytosis. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 23 24719103
2011 Ataxin-1 occupies the promoter region of E-cadherin in vivo and activates CtBP2-repressed promoter. Biochimica et biophysica acta 23 21315774
2019 Transcriptome profiling of muscle in Nelore cattle phenotypically divergent for the ribeye muscle area. Genomics 22 31351181
2009 NGF inhibits human leukemia proliferation by downregulating cyclin A1 expression through promoting acinus/CtBP2 association. Oncogene 22 19668232
2015 Phosphorylation of Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3/BKLF) and C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) by homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) modulates KLF3 DNA binding and activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 25659434
2015 CtBP2 overexpression is associated with tumorigenesis and poor clinical outcome of prostate cancer. Archives of medical science : AMS 20 26788097
2006 Changes in C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) corepressor complex induced by E1A and modulation of E1A transcriptional activity by CtBP2. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 17023432
2013 The corepressor CTBP2 is a coactivator of retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor in retinoic acid signaling. Molecular and cellular biology 19 23775127
2017 CtBP2 ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through ROS mediated JNK pathway. General and comparative endocrinology 18 28111233
2013 Expression patterns of candidate susceptibility genes HNF1β and CtBP2 in prostate cancer: association with tumor progression. Urologic oncology 18 24332637
2011 CtBP2 downregulation during neural crest specification induces expression of Mitf and REST, resulting in melanocyte differentiation and sympathoadrenal lineage suppression. Molecular and cellular biology 18 21199918
2018 Antimony enhances c-Myc stability in prostate cancer via activating CtBP2-ROCK1 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 17 30098506
2012 Different functions of HIPK2 and CtBP2 in traumatic brain injury. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 17 23076816
2006 Expression of avian C-terminal binding proteins (Ctbp1 and Ctbp2) during embryonic development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 17 16258936
2014 CtBP2 proteome: Role of CtBP in E2F7-mediated repression and cell proliferation. Genes & cancer 16 24955216
2014 Characterization of Ribeye subunits in zebrafish hair cells reveals that exogenous Ribeye B-domain and CtBP1 localize to the basal ends of synaptic ribbons. PloS one 16 25208216
2023 Obesity-induced metabolic imbalance allosterically modulates CtBP2 to inhibit PPAR-alpha transcriptional activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 37286039
2024 Oncogene EVI1 drives acute myeloid leukemia via a targetable interaction with CTBP2. Science advances 14 38748792
2021 Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates the intestinal stem cell state through CtBP2. Scientific reports 14 33972635
2017 In Vivo Ribbon Mobility and Turnover of Ribeye at Zebrafish Hair Cell Synapses. Scientific reports 14 28785118
2017 MiR-338 suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting CTBP2 in glioma. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 14 28826173
2017 Ctbp2-mediated β-catenin regulation is required for exit from pluripotency. Experimental & molecular medicine 14 29026198
2009 Delayed differentiation in embryonic stem cells and mesodermal progenitors in the absence of CtBP2. Mechanisms of development 14 19825414
2015 CtBP2 Regulates TGFβ2-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Notch Signaling Pathway in Lens Epithelial Cells. Current eye research 13 26681554
2021 microRNA-133a exerts tumor suppressive role in oral squamous cell carcinoma through the Notch signaling pathway via downregulation of CTBP2. Cancer gene therapy 12 33531645
2020 The corepressor CtBP2 is required for proper development of the mouse cerebral cortex. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 12 32169478
2022 RIBEYE B-Domain Is Essential for RIBEYE A-Domain Stability and Assembly of Synaptic Ribbons. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 11 35153673
2022 CTBP1 and CTBP2 mutations underpinning neurological disorders: a systematic review. Neurogenetics 11 36331689
2021 CtBP2 confers protection against oxidative stress through interactions with NRF1 and NRF2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 10 34052660
2018 Ribeye protein is intrinsically dynamic but is stabilized in the context of the ribbon synapse. The Journal of physiology 10 29086422
2012 Involvement of CtBP2 in LPS-induced microglial activation. Journal of molecular histology 10 22426895
2022 NADH/NAD+ binding and linked tetrameric assembly of the oncogenic transcription factors CtBP1 and CtBP2. FEBS letters 9 34997967
2022 Knockdown of receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, apoptosis and permeability in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by regulating C-terminal binding protein 2 (CTBP2). Bioengineered 9 35113002
2020 NSM00158 Specifically Disrupts the CtBP2-p300 Interaction to Reverse CtBP2-Mediated Transrepression and Prevent the Occurrence of Nonunion. Molecules and cells 9 32434298
2019 Transcriptional co-repressor CtBP2 orchestrates epithelial-mesenchymal transition through a novel transcriptional holocomplex with OCT1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 31866012
2014 Oxygen-dependent acetylation and dimerization of the corepressor CtBP2 in neural stem cells. Experimental cell research 9 25447313
2020 CtBP2 interacts with ZBTB18 to promote malignancy of glioblastoma. Life sciences 8 32971103
2019 Brn4 promotes the differentiation of radial glial cells into neurons by inhibiting CtBP2. Life sciences 8 31518606
2017 Down-regulation of C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of human SHSY5Y cells in vitro. Neuroscience letters 8 28179207
2017 CtBP2 is associated with angiogenesis and regulates the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Oncology reports 8 28677795
2014 Changes in the numbers of ribbon synapses and expression of RIBEYE in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 8 25170565
2011 Ribeye a-mCherry fusion protein: a novel tool for labeling synaptic ribbons of the hair cell. Journal of neuroscience methods 8 21334379
2023 Aldolase B attenuates clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting CtBP2. Frontiers of medicine 7 36790589
2021 CtBP2 interacts with TGIF to promote the progression of esophageal squamous cell cancer through the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Oncology reports 7 34878149
2023 ZFX-mediated upregulation of CEBPA-AS1 contributes to acute myeloid leukemia progression through miR-24-3p/CTBP2 axis. Cell biology and toxicology 6 36715854
2022 Temporal and Isoform-Specific Expression of CTBP2 Is Evolutionarily Conserved Between the Developing Chick and Human Retina. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 6 35095414
2015 Role of CtBP2 in the Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 6 25627828
2025 A novel DNA binding protein encoded by circZNF131 inhibits the growth of gastric cancer by suppressing CTBP2 transcription. International journal of biological macromolecules 5 40381776
2024 Patient-derived castration-resistant prostate cancer model revealed CTBP2 upregulation mediated by OCT1 and androgen receptor. BMC cancer 5 38698344
2024 BBOX1-AS1 promotes gastric cardia adenocarcinoma progression via interaction with CtBP2 to facilitate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Cancer science 5 39318101
2023 Loss of CtBP2 may be a mechanistic link between metabolic derangements and progressive impairment of pancreatic β cell function. Cell reports 5 37557182
2023 Differential expressions of FASN, SCD, and FABP4 genes in the ribeye muscle of omega-3 oil-supplemented Tattykeel Australian White lambs. BMC genomics 5 37932697
2017 RIBEYE(B)-domain binds to lipid components of synaptic vesicles in an NAD(H)-dependent, redox-sensitive manner. The Biochemical journal 5 28202712
2008 Inhibition of transcriptional activation and cell proliferation activities of adenovirus E1A by the unique N-terminal domain of CtBP2. Oncogene 5 18490918