Affinage

CSNK2A2

Casein kinase II subunit alpha' · UniProt P19784

Length
350 aa
Mass
41.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 37 papers cited in narrative 38 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CSNK2A2 encodes CK2α', the paralogous catalytic subunit of the constitutively active, acidophilic protein kinase CK2 that recognizes the S/T-D/E-X-D/E consensus and assembles with the CK2β regulatory subunit into a holoenzyme (PMID:17524418, PMID:21241709). CK2α' is distinguished from its paralog CK2α at the structural level: a 2Å crystal structure shows an open β4/β5 loop conformation stabilized by an N-terminal β-strand extension and a tryptophan filling a hydrophobic cavity, features that give CK2α' ~12-fold lower affinity for CK2β (Kd ~150 nM vs ~13 nM) and underlie its isoform-specific behavior (PMID:21241709, PMID:18824508). These differences translate into distinct substrate selection: CK2α' preferentially phosphorylates caspase-3 in cells—a selectivity abolished by CK2β—and phosphorylates nuclear BRMS1 at Ser30 in response to TNF, triggering 14-3-3ε-mediated nuclear export and proteasomal degradation that promotes lung cancer metastasis (PMID:23599180, PMID:26980766). CK2α' can also act independently of CK2β; it was identified as the ribosomal P-protein kinase PK60S and is inhibited by SOD1 (PMID:12849977). Genetically, disruption of Csnk2a2 in male mice causes infertility and oligozoospermia with spermatid nuclear abnormalities, loss of nuclear pores, and germ cell death, establishing an essential role in spermatogenesis through phosphorylation of germ-cell nuclear proteins (PMID:12950107). CK2α' contributes to the mammalian circadian clock—CK2 phosphorylates BMAL1 at Ser90 to drive nuclear accumulation and clock function, and CK2-mutant cells show lengthened periods (PMID:19330005, PMID:23840637)—and cooperates with CK2α in mitotic regulation, where mitotic phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit directs Pin1-dependent spindle localization (PMID:19188443, PMID:21693590). CK2α' is required for cell viability, with dual knockout of both catalytic subunits accelerating CK2β degradation and broadly remodeling the proteome (PMID:28209983). Much of the broader CK2 pathway evidence in this corpus derives from the CK2α paralog and concerns shared holoenzyme biology rather than CK2α'-specific function.

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Establishing CK2α' as a growth-regulated, transformation-competent kinase answered whether the paralog had distinct cellular activity, showing it is a serum-inducible delayed-early gene that cooperates with Ha-ras and phosphorylates calmodulin—a substrate of free catalytic subunits.

    Evidence Northern blot, kinase/foci-formation assays in rat embryo fibroblasts

    PMID:9694889

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify physiological substrates driving transformation
    • Calmodulin phosphorylation reflects free subunit, not holoenzyme, behavior
  2. 2003 High

    A Csnk2a2 knockout defined the non-redundant in vivo requirement for CK2α', revealing an essential role in spermatogenesis via nuclear protein phosphorylation in male germ cells.

    Evidence Mouse gene knockout with histology and electron microscopy

    PMID:12950107

    Open questions at the time
    • The germ-cell nuclear substrates were not identified
    • Does not address CK2α' function outside the testis
  3. 2003 Medium

    Identification of yeast PK60S as CK2α' showed the subunit can act independently of CK2β on ribosomal P-proteins and is subject to SOD1 inhibition, extending its activity beyond holoenzyme contexts.

    Evidence Protein purification, peptide mass fingerprinting, kinase and inhibition assays

    PMID:12849977

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab biochemical identification in yeast
    • Physiological relevance of SOD1 inhibition in human cells unaddressed
  4. 2009 High

    Linking CK2 to BMAL1 Ser90 phosphorylation answered how the kinase feeds into the circadian clock, showing rhythmic phosphorylation is required for nuclear BMAL1 accumulation and clock function.

    Evidence siRNA silencing, Ser90 mutagenesis, phosphorylation and nuclear localization assays

    PMID:19330005

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not separate CK2α' from CK2α contribution to BMAL1 phosphorylation
    • Drosophila PER work (PMID 18208335) and ES-cell period studies use the CK2α subunit
  5. 2011 High

    The 2Å CK2α' crystal structure with ITC thermodynamics defined the structural basis for its lower CK2β affinity and paralog-specific properties, attributing them to the open β4/β5 loop and N-terminal/tryptophan features absent in CK2α.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, Michaelis-Menten kinetics

    PMID:21241709

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not map these structural features to specific substrate-selection events
    • Functional consequences of weaker CK2β binding in cells not directly tested
  6. 2013 Medium

    Demonstrating caspase-3 as the first cell-based substrate selectively phosphorylated by CK2α' answered whether the paralogs differ in cellular substrate choice, with CK2β abolishing the activity.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression of individual subunits, cell-based phosphorylation assays

    PMID:23599180

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphosite on caspase-3 and downstream apoptotic consequence not defined
    • Single-lab cell-based observation
  7. 2016 High

    Defining the CK2α'–BRMS1 axis explained how the paralog promotes metastasis, showing Ser30 phosphorylation triggers 14-3-3ε-mediated nuclear export and degradation of the metastasis suppressor.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, S30A mutagenesis, orthotopic mouse metastasis, co-IP, CX4945

    PMID:26980766

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish whether CK2α can substitute for CK2α' at this site in vivo
    • Generality across tumor types beyond lung cancer not tested
  8. 2021 Medium

    Identifying an N-terminally truncated CK2α' sufficient for viability defined the N-terminal segment as a regulator of CK2α' activity and stability.

    Evidence CRISPR knockout cells, siRNA, co-IP, in-gel kinase assay

    PMID:32800562

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which the N-terminus modulates activity not resolved
    • Single-lab study

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The germ-cell nuclear substrates, the full set of CK2α'-selective targets distinguishing it from CK2α, and the physiological basis of paralog non-redundancy remain incompletely defined.
  • No comprehensive CK2α'-specific substrate map
  • Spermatogenesis substrates from the knockout phenotype unidentified
  • Much pathway-level evidence in the corpus derives from the CK2α paralog, not CK2α'

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4 GO:0016740 transferase activity 3 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005840 ribosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-9909396 Circadian clock 2 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 1 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 1
Partners
BRMS1CASP3CSNK2BKIF5CSOD1
Complex memberships
CK2 holoenzyme (CK2α'/CK2β)

Evidence

Reading pass · 38 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 CK2α phosphorylates the circadian regulator BMAL1 at Ser90; gene silencing of CK2α or mutation of Ser90 impairs nuclear BMAL1 accumulation and disrupts circadian clock function, and phosphorylation at Ser90 follows a rhythmic pattern. Gene silencing (siRNA), site-directed mutagenesis, phosphorylation assays, nuclear localization assays Nature structural & molecular biology High 19330005
2007 Dominant-negative CK2α (CK2αTik) in Drosophila clock neurons reduces PER phosphorylation, delays nuclear entry of PER, dampens PER cycling, and prolongs circadian period (~33 h), establishing CK2α as a key regulator of PER negative feedback timing. Transgenic dominant-negative expression in circadian neurons, behavioral rhythmicity assay, immunostaining for PER phosphorylation and nuclear localization PLoS genetics High 18208335
2011 Crystal structure of human CK2α' determined at 2 Å resolution. CK2α' has ~12-fold lower affinity for CK2β than CK2α (Kd ~150 nM vs ~13 nM), driven less by enthalpy. The β4/β5 loop in CK2α' adopts an open conformation stabilized by an N-terminal β-strand extension and a tryptophan filling a conserved hydrophobic cavity, features absent in CK2α. X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), Michaelis-Menten kinetics Journal of molecular biology High 21241709
2003 Disruption of Csnk2a2 (CK2α') in male mice causes infertility and oligozoospermia with spermatid nuclear abnormalities, nuclear envelope protrusions, loss of nuclear pores, and extensive germ cell death at all spermatogenic stages, indicating CK2α' is required for phosphorylation of nuclear proteins in male germ cells. Gene knockout in mice, histology, electron microscopy, fluorescent DNA staining Molecular reproduction and development High 12950107
2013 CK2α' (CSNK2A2) exhibits a striking isoform-specific preference for phosphorylating caspase-3 in cells compared to CK2α, and CK2β abolishes caspase-3 phosphorylation; caspase-3 is the first substrate selectively phosphorylated by CK2α' in cells. Modulation of individual CK2 subunit expression (siRNA knockdown and overexpression), cell-based phosphorylation assays Oncotarget Medium 23599180
2016 CK2α' phosphorylates nuclear BRMS1 at Ser30 in response to TNF, causing 14-3-3ε-mediated nuclear export and ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of BRMS1, thereby promoting lung cancer metastasis; S30 mutation or CK2 inhibitor CX4945 abrogates this effect and reduces metastasis ~60-fold in vivo. In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis (S30A), orthotopic mouse metastasis model, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA, small-molecule inhibitor Cancer research High 26980766
2009 CK2α is phosphorylated at four sites during mitosis (maximally in prophase/metaphase) and dephosphorylated during anaphase/telophase; phosphomimetic CK2α (4D/4E) causes centrosome amplification, chromosomal segregation defects, and mitotic catastrophe, while non-phosphorylatable CK2α (4A) impairs the spindle assembly checkpoint response. Phosphospecific antibodies, stable expression of phosphomimetic and non-phosphorylatable mutants, immunofluorescence, nocodazole treatment/release Molecular and cellular biology High 19188443
2011 Phosphorylated CK2α localizes to the mitotic spindle in a phosphorylation-dependent manner requiring the unique C-terminus of CK2α; this localization requires binding to the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1, which is facilitated by CK2α phosphorylation. Phosphospecific antibodies, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, deletion mutants Journal of cell science High 21693590
1998 CK2α' mRNA is induced by serum as a delayed early gene in quiescent fibroblasts (peaks at 4 h); ectopic CK2α' cooperates with Ha-ras in foci formation and fibroblast transformation, correlating with increased calmodulin phosphorylation—a substrate specific to free CK2 catalytic subunits rather than holoenzyme. Northern blot, kinase activity assay toward CK2 peptide substrate and calmodulin, foci formation assay in primary rat embryo fibroblasts The Journal of biological chemistry High 9694889
1998 CK2α associates physically with c-Abl and with the Bcr-Abl fusion protein; Bcr-Abl phosphorylates CK2α on tyrosine, inhibiting its kinase activity, and this inhibition is reversed by tyrosine phosphatase treatment. Anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, tyrosine phosphatase treatment Oncogene Medium 9671309
2008 CK2α and CK2β interact with a dissociation constant of 12.6 nM, driven predominantly by enthalpic rather than entropic contributions; CK2β requires a preformed conformation for interaction, while CK2α undergoes significant backbone structural adaptations upon assembly. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray crystallography of CK2β Protein science High 18824508
2007 Crystal structure of fully active C-terminal deletion mutant of human CK2α at 1.6 Å with two bound sulfate ions; sulfate anions occupy the activation segment and the +1 loop binding pockets, providing structural basis for the acidic consensus substrate recognition sequence S/T-D/E-X-D/E; CK2α lacks phosphorylatable residues at the activation segment, making it constitutively active. X-ray crystallography (1.6 Å), structural comparison with CMGC kinases Journal of molecular biology High 17524418
2004 CK2α interacts with MKP3 (MAP kinase phosphatase 3) forming a protein complex that can include ERK2; CK2α selectively phosphorylates MKP3, slightly increasing MKP3 phosphatase activity in vitro but reducing ERK2 dephosphorylation in transfected cells. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro phosphatase assay, transfection The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15284227
2003 eIF2β directly binds both CK2α (high affinity) and CK2β (low affinity) as measured by surface plasmon resonance; free CK2α cannot phosphorylate eIF2β but reconstituted CK2 holoenzyme phosphorylates eIF2β (~1.2 mol phosphate/mol); eIF2β inhibits CK2α activity on calmodulin and β-casein but has minimal effect on holoenzyme activity. Surface plasmon resonance, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay with reconstituted holoenzyme The Biochemical journal High 12901717
2006 BID is a substrate and binding partner of CK2α; CK2α (but not holoenzyme unless stimulated by polylysine) phosphorylates BID at Thr58 and Ser76; phosphorylation of BID by CK2α prior to caspase-8 cleavage reduces formation of truncated BID (tC-BID); BID co-immunoprecipitates preferentially with CK2α subunit. In vitro kinase assay, co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, enzyme kinetics Biological chemistry Medium 16606343
2009 KIF5C (a kinesin motor neuron protein) is a direct binding partner of CK2α' with a preference over CK2α; interaction confirmed by co-sedimentation on sucrose gradient, co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down, and surface plasmon resonance; co-localization observed in neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons. Yeast two-hybrid, co-sedimentation, co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down, surface plasmon resonance, co-localization by immunofluorescence Cellular and molecular life sciences High 19011756
2016 CK2α (CSNK2A1) phosphorylates SIRT6 and physically associates with it; phosphorylation of SIRT6 at Ser338 by CK2α promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, and mutation at Ser338 inhibits proliferation and decreases MMP9, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and NF-κB expression. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down assay, in vitro kinase assay, dominant-negative CK2α transfection, SIRT6 Ser338Ala mutant The American journal of pathology High 27746184
2011 CK2α phosphorylates the transcription factor YY1 at Ser118 in vitro and in vivo; CK2α inhibition or knockdown reduces Ser118 phosphorylation and enhances YY1 cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis; Ser118Ala mutation also increases YY1 cleavage, linking CK2α phosphorylation to protection of YY1 from caspase-mediated cleavage. In vitro kinase assay, siRNA knockdown, CK2α overexpression, site-directed mutagenesis (S118A), apoptosis assay Molecular and cellular biology High 22184066
2003 The PK60S kinase from S. cerevisiae 60S ribosomes, which phosphorylates ribosomal P-proteins, was identified as the CK2α' catalytic subunit by peptide mass fingerprinting; CK2α' activity is inhibited by SOD1 (superoxide dismutase), forming an inactive complex. Protein purification, peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF), kinase activity assay, inhibition by SOD1 Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 12849977
1999 CK2α forms a molecular complex with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) core dimer; expression of activated Raf disrupts this CK2α-PP2A association; CK2α overexpression inhibits mitogen-induced MAP kinase activation in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection, immune kinase assays, co-immunoprecipitation Molecular and cellular biochemistry Medium 10094410
2016 CK2α maintains ERK phosphorylation in BRAF-mutant melanoma through two mechanisms: (1) kinase-dependent post-translational downregulation of the ERK phosphatase DUSP6, and (2) kinase-independent scaffolding via binding to KSR1 (a RAF-MEK-ERK scaffold), with both wild-type and kinase-inactive CK2α binding KSR1 equally. CK2α overexpression/knockdown, kinase-inactive mutant expression, co-immunoprecipitation with KSR1, Western blot for ERK phosphorylation and DUSP6, ERK inhibitor comparison The Journal of biological chemistry High 27226552
2017 CK2α phosphorylates BMI1 at Ser110; preventing this phosphorylation significantly decreases BMI1 half-life and stability; phosphorylatable but not non-phosphorylatable BMI1 rescues clonal growth in BMI1-silenced cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation, in vitro and ex vivo kinase assay, mass spectrometry, siRNA, overexpression of phosphorylation mutants, stability assay Molecular cancer High 28270146
2013 CK2α is a positive regulator of Hedgehog/Gli signaling in lung cancer cells; CK2α silencing reduces Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity; forced CK2α overexpression increases Gli1 transcriptional activity; CK2α inhibition reduces the cancer stem-like side population with elevated ABCG2. siRNA knockdown, forced overexpression, luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR, small-molecule CK2α inhibitors PloS one Medium 22768056
2018 CK2α phosphorylates FUNDC1 at Ser13, inactivating FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy; cardiac-specific CK2α knockout preserves mitophagy and protects against IR injury; mice doubly deficient in CK2α and FUNDC1 lose the protective effect, confirming epistasis. Cardiac-specific CK2α knockout mice, double knockout (CK2α + FUNDC1), phosphorylation assays, mitophagy functional assays Cell death and differentiation Medium 29540794
2018 NR4A1 activates CK2α, which then phosphorylates Mff to promote Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and phosphorylates FUNDC1 to inhibit mitophagy, together driving endothelial apoptosis in microvascular IR injury. NR4A1 knockout mice, siRNA, phosphorylation assays, Drp1 translocation assay, mitophagy assay Basic research in cardiology Medium 29744594
2016 A novel binding site on CK2α adjacent to the ATP site (αD pocket) was identified; a bivalent inhibitor (CAM4066, Kd = 320 nM) anchored in this αD pocket linked to a fragment in the ATP site inhibits CK2α with improved selectivity and shows cellular target engagement. Fragment-based drug discovery, X-ray crystallography, ITC, cell viability assays Chemical science High 28451126
2011 Dual knockout of both CK2α and CK2α' catalytic subunits (by CRISPR/Cas9) promotes accelerated proteasomal degradation of the CK2β regulatory subunit and causes rearrangement of the proteome with >240 proteins altered >50% in level. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, quantitative proteomics, proteasome inhibitor treatment Scientific reports High 28209983
2013 In an ES cell-based circadian assay, homozygous CK2α mutant ES cells show ~2.5-hour longer circadian periods after differentiation, providing genetic evidence for an essential role of CK2α in the mammalian circadian clock. Homozygous CK2α mutant ES cells, in vitro differentiation, circadian reporter assay, revertant cell line confirmation PloS one High 23840637
2001 The C-terminal domain of grp94 protects CK2α against thermal aggregation (but not thermal inactivation) in a concentration-dependent manner; disulfide bonds stabilizing grp94 oligomers are required for this chaperone activity. In vitro aggregation assay, DTT reduction, concentration-response analysis European journal of biochemistry Medium 11168379
2010 Structure-guided alanine scanning of the CK2α/CK2β interface identified Leu41 and Phe54 on CK2α as the dominant affinity-determining residues; Ile69 despite its central position contributes modestly; Leu41 and Phe54 mutations are not additive, indicating cooperative action. CK2α mutants retained kinase activity. ITC, alanine scanning mutagenesis, kinase activity assay Biochemistry High 21142136
2019 CK2α is required for HPV replication (HPV11, HPV18) in a kinase activity-dependent manner; CK2α regulates stability and nuclear retention of E1 replication proteins of HPV11 and HPV18; CK2α' knockdown does not affect HPV replication, demonstrating isoform specificity. siRNA knockdown of CK2α vs CK2α', HPV replication assays with marker genomes, CX4945 inhibitor, nuclear retention assays PLoS pathogens High 31091289
2002 The carboxyl-terminal residues 324–328 of CK2α (Xenopus) are essential for catalytic activity; deletion of these residues reduces activity 7000-fold; key residues are Ile327 and Phe324 in helix αN, whose hydrophobic interactions with helix αE (linked to the catalytic center) are required for activity. Deletion mutagenesis, recombinant CK2α kinase activity assay, 3D structural modeling FEBS letters High 12417343
2021 Fifteen different OCNDS-linked missense mutations in CSNK2A1 (CK2α) lead to varying degrees of reduced kinase activity; some variants also show altered subcellular localization; patient-derived fibroblasts show changes in the phosphoproteome. Recombinant protein kinase activity assay, ectopic expression in mammalian cells, phosphoproteomics, immunofluorescence localization Human genetics High 33944995
2022 The OCNDS-associated CK2α Lys198Arg mutation shifts the anion binding site at the P+1 loop (key element of substrate recognition) without affecting CK2β interaction or thermal stability, leading to altered substrate specificity confirmed by enzymological assays. X-ray crystallography, ITC, differential scanning fluorimetry, fluorescence quenching, in vitro kinase assay Frontiers in molecular biosciences High 35445078
2021 A N-terminally deleted form of CK2α' (deleted upstream of Glu-15) is sufficient to support cell viability in CK2α/α'-/- cells; this truncated form co-immunoprecipitates with CK2β and is downregulated by CK2α'-specific siRNA, demonstrating the N-terminal segment regulates CK2α' activity and stability. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, siRNA, co-immunoprecipitation, in-gel kinase assay, SDS-PAGE Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 32800562
2018 CK2α interacts with Jak2 and induces phosphorylation and activation of Jak2-Stat3; Stat3 then directly binds the Opa1 promoter to upregulate Opa1 transcription and mitochondrial fusion; CK2α knockdown blunts Jak2-Stat3 phosphorylation and Opa1-mediated fusion. Molecular docking, siRNA knockdown, chromatin immunoprecipitation, pharmacological screening, Western blot Redox biology Medium 34418601
2024 CK2α phosphorylates GRP94 at Ser306, increasing GRP94 stability and enhancing its interaction with LRP6, leading to activation of canonical Wnt signaling and TNBC metastasis. In vitro kinase assay, phosphorylation site identification, co-immunoprecipitation, LRP6 interaction assay, CK2α inhibitor (benzamidine), in vivo metastasis model Cell death discovery Medium 38649679
2018 CK2α phosphorylates Mff (mitochondrial fission factor), promoting Drp1 cytoplasmic-to-mitochondrial translocation and mitochondrial fission in cardiac microvascular IR injury. siRNA, phosphorylation assay, Drp1 translocation assay, mitochondrial morphology analysis Basic research in cardiology Medium 29744594

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2018 Pathogenesis of cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury is associated with CK2α-disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis via suppression of FUNDC1-related mitophagy. Cell death and differentiation 357 29540794
2018 NR4A1 aggravates the cardiac microvascular ischemia reperfusion injury through suppressing FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy and promoting Mff-required mitochondrial fission by CK2α. Basic research in cardiology 277 29744594
2020 ALKBH5 Inhibited Cell Proliferation and Sensitized Bladder Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by m6A-CK2α-Mediated Glycolysis. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 153 33376625
1998 p53 deficiency and misexpression of protein kinase CK2alpha collaborate in the development of thymic lymphomas in mice. Oncogene 140 9662328
2013 miR-125b acts as a tumor suppressor in breast tumorigenesis via its novel direct targets ENPEP, CK2-α, CCNJ, and MEGF9. PloS one 130 24098452
2004 Evolutionary constraints associated with functional specificity of the CMGC protein kinases MAPK, CDK, GSK, SRPK, DYRK, and CK2alpha. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 129 15273306
1999 Protein kinase CK2: evidence for a protein kinase CK2beta subunit fraction, devoid of the catalytic CK2alpha subunit, in mouse brain and testicles. FEBS letters 114 10622724
2009 CK2alpha phosphorylates BMAL1 to regulate the mammalian clock. Nature structural & molecular biology 111 19330005
1998 Protein kinase CK2alpha' is induced by serum as a delayed early gene and cooperates with Ha-ras in fibroblast transformation. The Journal of biological chemistry 109 9694889
2021 Paeonol promotes Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion via activating the CK2α-Stat3 pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Redox biology 98 34418601
2011 Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and modulates cell proliferation and invasion via regulating EMT-related genes. Journal of translational medicine 96 21702981
2016 CK2α/CSNK2A1 Phosphorylates SIRT6 and Is Involved in the Progression of Breast Carcinoma and Predicts Shorter Survival of Diagnosed Patients. The American journal of pathology 75 27746184
2012 Inhibition of CK2α down-regulates Hedgehog/Gli signaling leading to a reduction of a stem-like side population in human lung cancer cells. PloS one 71 22768056
2003 Spermatogenesis of mice lacking CK2alpha': failure of germ cell survival and characteristic modifications of the spermatid nucleus. Molecular reproduction and development 69 12950107
2000 Antisense oligonucleotides against protein kinase CK2-alpha inhibit growth of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in vitro. Head & neck 66 10862016
2016 Specific inhibition of CK2α from an anchor outside the active site. Chemical science 57 28451126
2007 Evolved to be active: sulfate ions define substrate recognition sites of CK2alpha and emphasise its exceptional role within the CMGC family of eukaryotic protein kinases. Journal of molecular biology 55 17524418
2010 Protein kinase CK2α subunit over-expression correlates with metastatic risk in breast carcinomas: quantitative immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 54 21194925
2008 The interaction of CK2alpha and CK2beta, the subunits of protein kinase CK2, requires CK2beta in a preformed conformation and is enthalpically driven. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 51 18824508
2018 Inhibition of MiRNA-125b Decreases Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting CK2α/NADPH Oxidase Signaling. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 48 29510389
2009 Evidence for regulation of mitotic progression through temporal phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CK2alpha. Molecular and cellular biology 48 19188443
2000 Transcription factors ets1, NF-kappa B, and Sp1 are major determinants of the promoter activity of the human protein kinase CK2alpha gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 10849443
2017 Generation and quantitative proteomics analysis of CK2α/α'(-/-) cells. Scientific reports 46 28209983
2013 Inhibition of CK2α down-regulates Notch1 signalling in lung cancer cells. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 45 23651443
2011 Structure of the human protein kinase CK2 catalytic subunit CK2α' and interaction thermodynamics with the regulatory subunit CK2β. Journal of molecular biology 43 21241709
2007 Dominant-negative CK2alpha induces potent effects on circadian rhythmicity. PLoS genetics 43 18208335
1998 Protein kinase CK2alpha is a target for the Abl and Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinases. Oncogene 42 9671309
2013 Attenuation of β-amyloid-induced tauopathy via activation of CK2α/SIRT1: targeting for cilostazol. Journal of neuroscience research 40 24254769
2005 Primary and secondary interactions between CK2alpha and CK2beta lead to ring-like structures in the crystals of the CK2 holoenzyme. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 38 16335523
2017 Protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit ameliorates diabetic renal inflammatory fibrosis via NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochemical pharmacology 35 28237649
2013 Characterizing the convergence of protein kinase CK2 and caspase-3 reveals isoform-specific phosphorylation of caspase-3 by CK2α': implications for pathological roles of CK2 in promoting cancer cell survival. Oncotarget 35 23599180
2018 Second-generation CK2α inhibitors targeting the αD pocket. Chemical science 34 29732088
2011 Systemic administration of antisense oligonucleotides simultaneously targeting CK2α and α' subunits reduces orthotopic xenograft prostate tumors in mice. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 34 21761204
2010 Relative role of halogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in inhibition of human protein kinase CK2α by tetrabromobenzotriazole and some C5-substituted analogues. The journal of physical chemistry. B 34 20734498
2011 Predominance of CK2α over CK2α' in the mammalian brain. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 32 21761202
2011 Phosphorylation of the transcription factor YY1 by CK2α prevents cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis. Molecular and cellular biology 32 22184066
2014 Oncogenic potential of CK2α and its regulatory role in EGF-induced HDAC2 expression in human liver cancer. The FEBS journal 31 24616922
2011 CK2α is essential for embryonic morphogenesis. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 31 21761203
2004 MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP3) interacts with and is phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2alpha. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 15284227
2016 CK2α' Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis by Targeting BRMS1 Nuclear Export and Degradation. Cancer research 30 26980766
2016 Protein Kinase CK2α Maintains Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Activity in a CK2α Kinase-independent Manner to Promote Resistance to Inhibitors of RAF and MEK but Not ERK in BRAF Mutant Melanoma. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 27226552
2019 Activity of CK2α protein kinase is required for efficient replication of some HPV types. PLoS pathogens 29 31091289
2019 Efficient development of stable and highly functionalised peptides targeting the CK2α/CK2β protein-protein interaction. Chemical science 29 31183056
2018 Identification of ST3AGL4, MFHAS1, CSNK2A2 and CD226 as loci associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and evaluation of SLE genetics in drug repositioning. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 28 29625966
2010 Functional polymorphism of the CK2alpha intronless gene plays oncogenic roles in lung cancer. PloS one 28 20625391
2003 Eukaryotic translation-initiation factor eIF2beta binds to protein kinase CK2: effects on CK2alpha activity. The Biochemical journal 28 12901717
2014 Stable knockdown of protein kinase CK2-alpha (CK2α) inhibits migration and invasion and induces inactivation of hedgehog signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells. Acta histochemica 27 24958341
2011 Structural and functional determinants of protein kinase CK2α: facts and open questions. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 27 21739155
1999 CK2alpha-protein phosphatase 2A molecular complex: possible interaction with the MAP kinase pathway. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 26 10094410
2016 Underlying mechanisms of cyclic peptide inhibitors interrupting the interaction of CK2α/CK2β: comparative molecular dynamics simulation studies. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 25 26974875
2011 CK2α and CK2α' subunits differ in their sensitivity to 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- and 4,5,6,7-tetraiodo-1H-benzimidazole derivatives. European journal of medicinal chemistry 25 22115617
2014 CK2α, over-expressed in human malignant pleural mesothelioma, regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway in mesothelioma cells. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 24 25422081
2009 Combined inhibition of PAK7, MAP3K7 and CK2alpha kinases inhibits the growth of MiaPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cell xenografts. Cancer gene therapy 24 19363471
2004 Identification of barley CK2alpha targets by using the protein microarray technology. Phytochemistry 24 15276436
2011 Localization of phosphorylated CK2alpha to the mitotic spindle requires the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. Journal of cell science 23 21693590
2005 Purification and characterization of the CK2alpha'-based holoenzyme, an isozyme of CK2alpha: a comparative analysis. Protein expression and purification 23 16442308
2016 Phosphoproteomic Analyses of NRAS(G12) and NRAS(Q61) Mutant Melanocytes Reveal Increased CK2α Kinase Levels in NRAS(Q61) Mutant Cells. The Journal of investigative dermatology 22 27251789
2022 In silico investigations identified Butyl Xanalterate to competently target CK2α (CSNK2A1) for therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Scientific reports 21 36271116
2016 Selected flavonoid compounds as promising inhibitors of protein kinase CK2α and CK2α', the catalytic subunits of CK2. Phytochemistry 21 28043654
2010 Interaction between CK2α and CK2β, the subunits of protein kinase CK2: thermodynamic contributions of key residues on the CK2α surface. Biochemistry 21 21142136
2005 The catalytic subunit alpha' gene of human protein kinase CK2 (CSNK2A2): genomic organization, promoter identification and determination of Ets1 as a key regulator. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 21 16335532
2004 Atomic structure of a CK2alpha human kinase by microfocus diffraction of extra-small microcrystals grown with nanobiofilm template. Journal of cellular biochemistry 21 15034935
2021 Molecular Plasticity of Crystalline CK2α' Leads to KN2, a Bivalent Inhibitor of Protein Kinase CK2 with Extraordinary Selectivity. Journal of medicinal chemistry 20 34323071
2019 Diacritic Binding of an Indenoindole Inhibitor by CK2α Paralogs Explored by a Reliable Path to Atomic Resolution CK2α' Structures. ACS omega 20 31559376
2017 BMI1, a new target of CK2α. Molecular cancer 20 28270146
2013 Crystal structure of human CK2α at 1.06 Å resolution. Journal of synchrotron radiation 20 24121351
2011 Enzymatic activity with an incomplete catalytic spine: insights from a comparative structural analysis of human CK2α and its paralogous isoform CK2α'. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 20 21739153
2021 Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome-linked CK2α variants have reduced kinase activity. Human genetics 19 33944995
2020 Proposed Allosteric Inhibitors Bind to the ATP Site of CK2α. Journal of medicinal chemistry 18 33119282
2018 PIWIL2 suppresses Siah2-mediated degradation of HDAC3 and facilitates CK2α-mediated HDAC3 phosphorylation. Cell death & disease 18 29555935
2016 Examination of CK2α and NF-κB p65 expression in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 18 27435858
2015 Thermodynamics parameters for binding of halogenated benzotriazole inhibitors of human protein kinase CK2α. Biochimica et biophysica acta 18 25891901
2015 A Note of Caution on the Role of Halogen Bonds for Protein Kinase/Inhibitor Recognition Suggested by High- And Low-Salt CK2α Complex Structures. ACS chemical biology 18 25961323
2014 Development of a high-throughput screening-compatible assay to identify inhibitors of the CK2α/CK2β interaction. Analytical biochemistry 18 25233003
2017 Sphingosine kinase 1 mediates diabetic renal fibrosis via NF-κB signaling pathway: involvement of CK2α. Oncotarget 17 29179493
2012 Isomeric mono-, di-, and tri-bromobenzo-1H-triazoles as inhibitors of human protein kinase CK2α. PloS one 17 23155426
2003 The protein kinase 60S is a free catalytic CK2alpha' subunit and forms an inactive complex with superoxide dismutase SOD1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 12849977
2002 Molecular cloning of the wheat CK2alpha gene and detection of its linkage with Vrn-A1 on chromosome 5A. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 17 12582614
2021 CK2α/CSNK2A1 Induces Resistance to Doxorubicin through SIRT6-Mediated Activation of the DNA Damage Repair Pathway. Cells 16 34359939
2019 Design of CK2β-Mimicking Peptides as Tools To Study the CK2α/CK2β Interaction in Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 16 30786177
2009 KIF5C: a new binding partner for protein kinase CK2 with a preference for the CK2alpha' subunit. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 16 19011756
2006 BID, an interaction partner of protein kinase CK2alpha. Biological chemistry 16 16606343
2001 The C-terminal domain of human grp94 protects the catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2 (CK2alpha) against thermal aggregation. Role of disulfide bonds. European journal of biochemistry 16 11168379
2016 Toward selective CK2alpha and CK2alpha' inhibitors: Development of a novel whole-cell kinase assay by Autodisplay of catalytic CK2alpha'. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 15 26786382
2013 An in vitro ES cell-based clock recapitulation assay model identifies CK2α as an endogenous clock regulator. PloS one 15 23840637
2012 Protection by cilostazol against amyloid-β(1-40)-induced suppression of viability and neurite elongation through activation of CK2α in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Journal of neuroscience research 15 22422579
2004 Proapoptotic function of protein kinase CK2alpha" is mediated by a JNK signaling cascade. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 15 14962846
2001 Transcriptional coordination of the genes encoding catalytic (CK2alpha) and regulatory (CK2beta) subunits of human protein kinase CK2. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 15 11827174
1999 CK2alpha loci in the human genome: structure and transcriptional activity. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 15 10094393
2023 Ginsenoside Rh1, a novel casein kinase II subunit alpha (CK2α) inhibitor, retards metastasis via disrupting HHEX/CCL20 signaling cascade involved in tumor cell extravasation across endothelial barrier. Pharmacological research 14 37944834
2020 A N-terminally deleted form of the CK2α' catalytic subunit is sufficient to support cell viability. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 14 32800562
2014 Synthesis of novel chiral TBBt derivatives with hydroxyl moiety. Studies on inhibition of human protein kinase CK2α and cytotoxicity properties. European journal of medicinal chemistry 13 25036794
2002 Role of the carboxyl terminus on the catalytic activity of protein kinase CK2alpha subunit. FEBS letters 13 12417343
2017 Unexpected Binding Mode of a Potent Indeno[1,2-b]indole-Type Inhibitor of Protein Kinase CK2 Revealed by Complex Structures with the Catalytic Subunit CK2α and Its Paralog CK2α'. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 12 29236079
2014 RNA interference (RNAi) mediated stable knockdown of protein casein kinase 2-alpha (CK2α) inhibits migration and invasion and enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HEp-2 laryngeal carcinoma cells. Acta histochemica 12 24831064
2024 CK2α-mediated phosphorylation of GRP94 facilitates the metastatic cascade in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell death discovery 11 38649679
2022 Structural and Enzymological Evidence for an Altered Substrate Specificity in Okur-Chung Neurodevelopmental Syndrome Mutant CK2αLys198Arg. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 11 35445078
2019 Co-targeting CK2α and YBX1 suppresses tumor progression by coordinated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 11 31713447
2023 Protein Kinase CK2α', More than a Backup of CK2α. Cells 10 38132153
2003 Epitope analysis of the MAb 1AD9 antibody detection site in human protein kinase CK2alpha-subunit. Hybridoma and hybridomics 10 12831533

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