Affinage

BRMS1

Breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1 · UniProt Q9HCU9

Length
246 aa
Mass
28.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
97 papers in source corpus 31 papers cited in narrative 31 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BRMS1 is a nuclear metastasis suppressor that blocks multiple steps of the metastatic cascade — transit survival, anoikis resistance, and colonization at secondary sites — without affecting primary tumorigenicity in breast carcinoma and melanoma models (PMID:10850410, PMID:11822878, PMID:18276787). Mechanistically it operates as a chromatin-associated transcriptional regulator: it is a stable component of the mSin3A/HDAC corepressor complex, interacting with RBP1/RBBP1 and multiple HDAC subunits to repress transcription when tethered to a promoter (PMID:14581478, PMID:15451426), and it is also an integral subunit of the LSD1/CoREST corepressor complex required for suppression of migration and invasion (PMID:30416854). Through these activities, and by abrogating NF-κB activity, BRMS1 represses pro-metastatic genes including osteopontin and uPA (PMID:17227585, PMID:22085717) and the apoptosis-protective gene SCIN (PMID:30034938), while activating the pro-apoptotic target DAPK1 via NF-κB sites in its promoter (PMID:28339067); loss of BRMS1 conversely de-represses RelA/p65-driven Twist1 transcription to promote EMT (PMID:25368381). Independent of its corepressor role, BRMS1 possesses an intrinsic, CXD-motif-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that polyubiquitinates and degrades the acetyltransferases p300 and CBP, an activity essential for its metastasis-suppressor function (PMID:23269275, PMID:25675294). BRMS1 abundance and localization are tightly controlled post-translationally: it is stabilized by Hsp90 (PMID:16919237), targeted for degradation by the Cul3-SPOP and TRIM7 ubiquitin ligases (PMID:22085717, PMID:32853985), and exported from the nucleus and degraded following CK2α'-mediated S30 phosphorylation and 14-3-3ε binding in response to TNF (PMID:26980766). Its transcription is silenced epigenetically through NF-κB/DNMT-1-mediated promoter methylation and JARID1C-mediated H3K4me3 modulation (PMID:21765477, PMID:26182878). Beyond gene regulation, BRMS1 supports DNA interstrand crosslink repair by promoting FANCI/FANCD2 monoubiquitination through a direct FANCI interaction (PMID:30365131), and a metastasis-suppressing splice variant interacts with nuclear Src to restrain c-fos-driven transcriptional programs (PMID:36197962).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Established BRMS1 as a bona fide metastasis suppressor by showing it blocks dissemination without blocking primary tumor growth, defining the central question of how a single gene selectively controls metastasis.

    Evidence Differential display and stable BRMS1 transfection into MDA-MB-435/231 breast carcinoma cells in orthotopic xenografts; GJIC and motility assays

    PMID:10850410 PMID:11827072

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular effectors of suppression not identified
    • Mechanism of gap junction restoration unknown
  2. 2002 Medium

    Generalized BRMS1 suppressor activity beyond breast cancer, showing the same metastasis-selective phenotype and GJIC restoration in melanoma.

    Evidence Stable transfection and orthotopic xenograft in MelJuSo and C8161.9 melanoma lines, collagen sandwich invasion assays

    PMID:11822878

    Open questions at the time
    • No molecular mechanism dissected
    • Single lab
  3. 2004 High

    Defined the molecular basis of BRMS1 transcriptional repression by placing it within the mSin3A/HDAC corepressor complex, explaining how it silences target genes.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, biochemical purification, HDAC enzymatic assays, and Gal4 reporter repression

    PMID:14581478 PMID:15451426

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct target genes not yet identified
    • Whether repression alone explains metastasis suppression unresolved
  4. 2007 Medium

    Connected BRMS1's corepressor activity to a specific pro-metastatic gene, showing it suppresses osteopontin by abrogating NF-κB at the promoter.

    Evidence Luciferase OPN promoter deletions, EMSA, and ChIP with HDAC3

    PMID:17227585

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect NF-κB inhibition not fully resolved
    • Single target gene
  5. 2008 Medium

    Resolved which steps of the metastatic cascade BRMS1 blocks, showing it reduces transit survival and colonization and increases anoikis susceptibility.

    Evidence Cardiac injection xenografts with quantitative imaging and poly-HEMA anoikis assays

    PMID:18276787

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between transcriptional role and anoikis sensitivity not defined
  6. 2009 Medium

    Defined the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of BRMS1, identifying an importin-α6-dependent NLS and a CRM1-independent NES, establishing it as a shuttling protein.

    Evidence Import/export reporter assays, directed Y2H, leptomycin-B, heterokaryon assays

    PMID:19649328

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of shuttling not yet linked to suppression
    • Export receptor identity unknown
  7. 2011 High

    Established post-translational control of BRMS1 abundance via Cul3-SPOP ubiquitination and transcriptional silencing via NF-κB/DNMT-1 promoter methylation, plus a structural basis for oligomerization.

    Evidence Co-IP/ubiquitination assays with SPOP knockdown; ChIP and methylation-specific PCR with RelA S276 mutagenesis; X-ray crystallography of residues 51-98

    PMID:21765477 PMID:21777593 PMID:22085717

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay between degradation and methylation pathways not integrated
    • Functional role of hexameric coiled-coil oligomerization in vivo untested
  8. 2012 High

    Revealed an unexpected enzymatic function — intrinsic CXD-motif E3 ligase activity degrading p300 — required for metastasis suppression, distinguishing it from passive corepression.

    Evidence Ubiquitination assays, CXD motif mutagenesis, proteasome inhibition, and in vivo metastasis models

    PMID:23269275

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of ligase activity unresolved
    • Full substrate repertoire beyond p300/CBP unknown
  9. 2013 Medium

    Dissociated nuclear localization from function, showing the C-terminal NLS2 region and SIN3A co-localization (not mere nuclear residence) and miR-10b downregulation are required for suppression.

    Evidence NLS substitution mutagenesis, xenograft metastasis, co-IP with SIN3A, miR-10b quantification; integrin/FAK imaging in 3D culture

    PMID:23390556 PMID:24000122

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking BRMS1 to miR-10b not defined
    • How BRMS1 reduces integrin/FAK activation unknown
  10. 2014 High

    Established the EMT axis of BRMS1 loss, showing it restrains RelA/p65-driven Twist1 transcription via promoter occupancy.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown, ChIP at Twist1 promoter, double BRMS1/Twist1 knockdown epistasis, in vivo lung tumor model

    PMID:25368381

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether BRMS1 acts directly at Twist1 or via global NF-κB suppression unresolved
  11. 2015 Medium

    Extended the E3 ligase activity to CBP and identified iASPP as an antagonist, and mapped additional NF-κB-dependent suppression of HIF-1α/EMT and JARID1C-mediated epigenetic silencing of BRMS1.

    Evidence shRNA depletion and rescue co-IP for iASPP/CBP; ChIP/reporter for NF-κB/HIF-1α/Snail-TWIST1; ChIP for H3K4me3 at BRMS1 promoter

    PMID:25675294 PMID:26182878 PMID:26520789

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative balance of competing ligase/antagonist interactions unclear
    • Multiple converging pathways not integrated mechanistically
  12. 2016 High

    Defined kinase-driven regulation: TNF/CK2α' phosphorylation at S30 drives 14-3-3ε-mediated export and degradation, while CDK2 phosphorylation at S237 selectively tunes migration without altering corepressor activity.

    Evidence Phospho-site mutagenesis (S30, S237), kinase assays, CK2 inhibitor CX4945, 14-3-3ε co-IP, fractionation, migration and orthotopic models

    PMID:26771717 PMID:26980766

    Open questions at the time
    • How S237 phosphorylation alters the interaction network mechanistically incomplete at this stage
    • Crosstalk between phosphorylation and ubiquitination pathways unmapped
  13. 2017 Medium

    Identified DAPK1 as a directly BRMS1-activated pro-apoptotic target, showing BRMS1 can also positively regulate transcription via NF-κB sites.

    Evidence Microarray, luciferase promoter deletions, ChIP, and NF-κB site mutagenesis in the DAPK1 promoter

    PMID:28339067

    Open questions at the time
    • How BRMS1 switches from repressor to activator at NF-κB sites unexplained
  14. 2018 Medium

    Broadened BRMS1's chromatin partnerships to the LSD1/CoREST complex, identified the SCIN promoter as a repressed apoptosis-protective target, and revealed a non-transcriptional role in FANCI/FANCD2-dependent ICL repair.

    Evidence Affinity purification-MS and RNA-seq with LSD1 knockdown; ChIP at SCIN promoter with apoptosis assays; co-IP and FANCD2 foci/ICL sensitivity assays with BRMS1 knockout and binding-dead rescue

    PMID:30034938 PMID:30365131 PMID:30416854

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between mSin3 and LSD1/CoREST complex membership not resolved
    • Mechanism by which BRMS1 supports FANCI/FANCD2 monoubiquitination unknown
  15. 2020 Medium

    Added a second degradative ligase, TRIM7, and linked its m6A regulation to BRMS1 turnover in osteosarcoma, expanding the post-translational control network.

    Evidence IP-MS, ubiquitination assays, pulldown, and m6A RIP with METTL3/YTHDF2

    PMID:32853985

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specificity of SPOP vs TRIM7 control unresolved
  16. 2022 High

    Connected a clinically relevant SNP to a discrete mechanism: BRMS1v2 A273V loses nuclear Src binding, de-repressing c-fos and CEACAM6 to drive metastasis.

    Evidence NGS, co-IP for Src interaction, invasion assays, tail-vein/intracardiac PDO xenografts, and c-fos inhibition (T5224)

    PMID:36197962

    Open questions at the time
    • How nuclear Src binding mechanistically restrains c-fos transcription not fully defined
    • Generalizability across cancer types untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How BRMS1's distinct activities — corepressor membership, intrinsic E3 ligase activity, DNA-repair support, and nuclear Src signaling — are coordinated and which dominates metastasis suppression in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No unified model integrating chromatin, ubiquitination, and repair roles
  • Endogenous structural organization of BRMS1 within its complexes unknown
  • Substrate selectivity of the BRMS1 E3 ligase undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0016874 ligase activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 3
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
EP300FANCIHDAC1LSD1RBBP1SIN3ASPOPTRIM7
Complex memberships
LSD1/CoREST corepressor complexmSin3A/HDAC corepressor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 31 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 BRMS1 was identified as a novel metastasis suppressor gene encoded on chromosome 11q13.1-q13.2; stable transfection of BRMS1 cDNA into MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells significantly suppressed metastasis to lungs and regional lymph nodes without inhibiting tumorigenicity. Differential display, stable transfection, orthotopic xenograft mouse model Cancer research High 10850410
2000 BRMS1 re-expression restored homotypic gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in human breast carcinoma cells, and modestly inhibited motility (~30–60%) and soft-agar growth in MDA-MB-435; no consistent effects on adhesion to ECM components, MMP/heparanase expression, invasion, or upregulation of other metastasis suppressors (NM23, KAI1, KiSS1, E-cadherin) were detected. Gap junction assay, motility assay, soft-agar colony formation, adhesion assays, RT-PCR Clinical & experimental metastasis Medium 11827072
2003 BRMS1 interacts with retinoblastoma-binding protein 1 (RBP1/RBBP1) and at least seven members of the mSin3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex; it co-immunoprecipitates enzymatically active HDAC proteins and represses transcription when tethered to a Gal4 promoter in vivo. BRMS1 exists in large mSin3 complexes (~1.4–1.9 MDa) and in smaller HDAC1-containing complexes. The C-terminal 42 amino acids are not critical for interaction with most of the mSin3 complex. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, HDAC enzymatic assay, Gal4-reporter transcription repression assay, deletion analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 14581478
2002 BRMS1 suppresses metastasis (but not tumorigenicity) in human melanoma cell lines MelJuSo and C8161.9 in vivo, and restores homotypic gap junctional intercellular communication and reduces invasion in collagen sandwich assays in these cells. Stable transfection, orthotopic xenograft, collagen sandwich invasion assay, GJIC assay Experimental cell research Medium 11822878
2004 BRMS1 was identified as a component of the mSin3A/HDAC1 complex alongside RBP1 and p33(ING1b); a BRMS1-homologue, p40 (also homologous to yeast Sds3 and mammalian mSds3), was biochemically purified from this complex and the associated complex showed strong HDAC activity. Biochemical purification, mass spectrometry, HDAC activity assay, Gal4 transcription repression reporter Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 15451426
2006 BRMS1 is stabilized by the Hsp90 chaperone and its turnover is proteasome-dependent; BRMS1 interacts with chaperones DNAJB6 (MRJ), Hsp90, and Hsp70, as well as with class II HDACs 4, 5, and 6, in addition to core mSin3 complex components. Yeast two-hybrid, immuno-affinity chromatography, co-immunoprecipitation, proteasome inhibitor experiments Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16919237
2007 BRMS1 inhibits osteopontin (OPN) transcription by abrogating NF-κB activation at a specific NF-κB binding site in the OPN promoter; HDAC3 participates in suppression of OPN via this NF-κB site. Luciferase reporter assays with OPN promoter deletions, EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Molecular cancer Medium 17227585
2008 BRMS1 inhibits multiple steps of the metastatic cascade: fewer BRMS1-expressing cells reach the lungs or bone after intravascular injection (suggesting increased cell death in transit), and most cells reaching secondary sites fail to proliferate (inhibition of colonization); BRMS1 expression also increases susceptibility to anoikis in vitro. Cardiac ventricle injection xenograft model, quantitative in vivo imaging, poly-HEMA anoikis assay The American journal of pathology Medium 18276787
2009 BRMS1 contains one functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) that is necessary and sufficient for nuclear import, mediated specifically by importin α6 (identified by directed yeast two-hybrid). A distinct nuclear export signal (NES) that is CRM1-independent was also identified, and interspecies heterokaryon assays demonstrated that BRMS1 shuttles between nuclear and cytosolic compartments. Nuclear import/export reporter assays, directed yeast two-hybrid (importin α6 interaction), leptomycin-B treatment, interspecies heterokaryon assay PloS one Medium 19649328
2011 TNF-induced phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at S276 promotes direct recruitment of DNMT-1 to the BRMS1 promoter, resulting in CpG methylation and transcriptional repression of BRMS1; small-molecule inhibition of RelA/p65–DNMT-1 interaction domains abrogates BRMS1 methylation. ChIP, site-directed mutagenesis (S276), co-immunoprecipitation, methylation-specific PCR, luciferase reporter, small-molecule domain inhibition Oncogene High 21765477
2011 BRMS1 is ubiquitinated and destabilized by the Cul3-SPOP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex; Cul3 is a direct binding partner of BRMS1 and SPOP is the adaptor protein mediating their interaction. Knockdown of SPOP increases BRMS1 protein levels and represses expression of BRMS1 target genes OPN and uPA. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blot of target genes Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 22085717
2011 The crystal structure of BRMS1 residues 51–98 reveals an antiparallel coiled-coil motif that homo-oligomerizes as a hexamer (trimer of coiled-coil dimers) in solution, as confirmed by hydrodynamic experiments. This N-terminal coiled-coil region mediates molecular recognition relevant to partner binding and cellular localization. X-ray crystallography, hydrodynamic/biophysical experiments (sedimentation, size-exclusion chromatography) Journal of molecular biology High 21777593
2012 BRMS1 has an E3 ubiquitin ligase function: it induces polyubiquitination of the histone acetyltransferase p300, leading to proteasome-mediated degradation of p300. The evolutionarily conserved CXD motif in BRMS1 is responsible for this E3 ligase activity; mutation of this motif abolishes p300 ubiquitination/degradation and dramatically reduces BRMS1 metastasis suppressor function in vitro and in vivo. Ubiquitination assay, CXD motif mutagenesis, proteasome inhibitor experiments, in vitro and in vivo metastasis models Cancer research High 23269275
2013 NLS2 (C-terminal putative NLS, amino acids 238–244) of BRMS1 is not required for nuclear localization per se but is critical for metastasis suppression. BRMS1 and BRMS1(NLS2,2) (where NLS2 is functional) co-immunoprecipitate with SIN3A in both nucleus and cytoplasm and down-regulate miR-10b, whereas NLS1-containing variants that are nuclear-only do not suppress metastasis or down-regulate miR-10b. NLS substitution mutagenesis, xenograft metastasis model, co-immunoprecipitation, miR-10b quantification PloS one Medium 23390556
2013 BRMS1 expression reduces activation of β1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and decreases their localization to focal adhesion sites, without altering integrin monomer expression levels; BRMS1-expressing cells fail to reorganize their cytoskeleton and form invasive colonies under 3D culture conditions. Time-lapse and confocal microscopy, 3D culture, immunofluorescence for β1 integrin/FAK activation Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 24000122
2014 Loss of BRMS1 promotes EMT in NSCLC cells in a manner dependent on RelA/p65 (NF-κB); ChIP analysis shows that loss of BRMS1 increases RelA/p65 K310 occupancy at the Twist1 promoter, activating Twist1 transcription. Knockdown of Twist1 reverses BRMS1-loss-mediated EMT phenotypes; double BRMS1(KD)/Twist1(KD) cells are less efficient in establishing lung tumors in vivo. shRNA knockdown, ChIP, EMT marker immunoblotting, migration assay, in vivo lung tumor model Molecular and cellular biology High 25368381
2015 iASPP stabilizes p300 and CBP by interfering with BRMS1-mediated ubiquitination of these acetyltransferases; BRMS1 can rescue degradation of p300 and CBP in iASPP-depleted cells, and iASPP overexpression partially abolishes the BRMS1–CBP interaction upon DNA damage, thereby contributing to apoptotic susceptibility. shRNA depletion, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot of p300/CBP levels, rescue assays Cell death & disease Medium 25675294
2016 TNF-induced CK2α' phosphorylates nuclear BRMS1 on serine 30 (S30), triggering 14-3-3ε-mediated nuclear export, increased cytosolic BRMS1 accumulation, and subsequent ubiquitin-proteasome degradation; S30 mutation or CK2 inhibition (CX4945) abrogates this process and reduces NSCLC metastasis ~60-fold in an orthotopic mouse model. Site-directed mutagenesis (S30), co-immunoprecipitation with 14-3-3ε, CK2-specific inhibitor, subcellular fractionation, orthotopic xenograft Cancer research High 26980766
2016 BRMS1 is phosphorylated on serine 237 by CDK2; this phosphorylation does not affect cell cycle progression, nuclear localization, or mSin3/HDAC complex association or transcriptional repressor activity, but does affect cancer cell migration. In vitro kinase assay, phospho-site mutagenesis (S237), co-immunoprecipitation with mSin3, migration assay, cell cycle analysis Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 26771717
2018 BRMS1 is an integral component of the LSD1/CoREST corepressor complex; affinity purification and mass spectrometry identified this interaction, and BRMS1 together with LSD1 are required for inhibition of breast cancer cell migration and invasion. RNA-seq identified target genes regulated by the BRMS1/LSD1 complex including VIM, INSIG2, KLK11, and others. Affinity purification, mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, migration/invasion assays with LSD1 knockdown American journal of cancer research Medium 30416854
2018 FANCI is a novel interacting protein of BRMS1; the linker region between the two coiled-coil motifs of BRMS1 mediates the BRMS1–FANCI interaction. Knockdown or knockout of BRMS1 diminishes monoubiquitination of FANCI and FANCD2 in response to DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) damage, suppresses FANCD2 foci formation, and causes hypersensitivity to ICL agents; rescue with BRMS1 constructs unable to bind FANCI fails to restore ICL resistance. Co-immunoprecipitation, BRMS1 deletion constructs, ubiquitination assay, FANCD2 foci immunofluorescence, ICL sensitivity assay, BRMS1 knockout Oncology reports Medium 30365131
2020 TRIM7 ubiquitinates BRMS1, promoting its degradation; this is the mechanism through which TRIM7 regulates osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Loss of TRIM7 m6A modification (mediated by METTL3/YTHDF2) accounts for aberrant TRIM7 levels. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, ubiquitination assay, pulldown, immunofluorescence, RNA immunoprecipitation for m6A EBioMedicine Medium 32853985
2015 JARID1C (a histone demethylase) represses BRMS1 transcription by modulating H3K4me3 levels at the BRMS1 gene promoter; JARID1C silencing dramatically increases BRMS1 expression, and BRMS1 knockdown reverses shJARID1C-induced migration inhibition. siRNA knockdown, ChIP for H3K4me3, qRT-PCR/Western blot, migration/invasion assays, rescue experiment Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 26182878
2010 ING4 is induced by BRMS1 and functions downstream of BRMS1 to inhibit melanoma angiogenesis; ING4 suppresses NF-κB activity and IL-6 expression. Knockdown of ING4 abrogates BRMS1's suppressive effect on HUVEC growth, and ING4 overexpression blocks BRMS1 knockdown-induced angiogenesis—establishing ING4 as a downstream effector of BRMS1. siRNA/overexpression epistasis, HUVEC growth/tube formation assays, NF-κB reporter, IL-6 ELISA, in vivo matrigel plug assay Cancer research Medium 21056991
2017 DAPK1 is a direct transcriptional target activated by BRMS1; BRMS1 binds to NF-κB binding sites in the DAPK1 promoter (−200 to −80 bp region) as shown by ChIP, and site-directed mutation of these NF-κB sites abolishes the BRMS1-dependent transcriptional activation of DAPK1. Microarray, qRT-PCR, Western blot, luciferase promoter deletion assays, ChIP, site-directed mutagenesis of NF-κB sites International journal of oncology Medium 28339067
2018 BRMS1 directly binds to the SCIN (scinderin) promoter and represses its transcription; knockdown of SCIN sensitizes HCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and suppresses tumor growth, while SCIN overexpression protects against apoptosis. ChIP (BRMS1 at SCIN promoter), FACS apoptosis analysis, caspase-9 immunoblot, in vivo xenograft American journal of cancer research Medium 30034938
2022 The BRMS1v2 A273V SNP (rs1052566) abolishes the metastasis suppressor function of BRMS1v2; mechanistically, BRMS1v2 A273V fails to interact with nuclear Src, thereby activating intratumoral c-fos, which upregulates CEACAM6 to drive metastases. Wild-type BRMS1v2 interaction with nuclear Src suppresses c-fos-mediated transcriptional regulation. Next-generation sequencing, co-immunoprecipitation (Src interaction), in vitro invasion assays, tail-vein and intracardiac PDO xenograft models, pharmacological c-fos inhibition (T5224) Science translational medicine High 36197962
2016 BRMS1 expression restores P2Y2 purinergic receptor levels and ATP-induced cytosolic calcium mobilization in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells to levels comparable to non-metastatic epithelial cells, sensitizing cells to ATP-induced growth suppression. P2Y2 expression analysis, calcium mobilization assay, proliferation assay with ATP treatment BioResearch open access Low 23593560
2009 BRMS1 interacts with Hsp27 in complex in MCF7 breast cancer cells, as identified by immunoprecipitation of endogenous BRMS1 complexes followed by mass spectrometry. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BRMS1 from MCF7 cells, mass spectrometry identification Protein expression and purification Low 19401233
2015 BRMS1 attenuates TGF-β1-induced breast cancer EMT and invasion by downregulating HIF-1α transcript through inactivation of NF-κB; HIF-1α is required for TGF-β1-induced Snail and TWIST1 expression, and BRMS1 reduces both via the NF-κB/HIF-1α axis. ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, Matrigel invasion assay BMC cancer Medium 26520789
2021 Phosphorylation status at BRMS1 S237 regulates its protein interaction network: S237 presence is associated with interactions related to cell cycle (CDKN2A), DNA repair (BRCA1), and metastasis (TCF2, POLE2), and directly decreases MDA-MB-231 migration in vitro and metastases in vivo; the C-terminus of BRMS1 is critical for metastasis suppression. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) of BRMS1 interactome with S237 mutants, in vitro migration assay, in vivo metastasis model PloS one Medium 34788285

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 97 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Functional evidence for a novel human breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor, BRMS1, encoded at chromosome 11q13. Cancer research 234 10850410
2003 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) forms complexes with retinoblastoma-binding protein 1 (RBP1) and the mSin3 histone deacetylase complex and represses transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 142 14581478
2002 Suppression of human melanoma metastasis by the metastasis suppressor gene, BRMS1. Experimental cell research 124 11822878
2007 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) inhibits osteopontin transcription by abrogating NF-kappaB activation. Molecular cancer 105 17227585
2020 N6-Methyladenosine modification of the TRIM7 positively regulates tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in osteosarcoma through ubiquitination of BRMS1. EBioMedicine 97 32853985
2001 Predisposition to efficient mammary tumor metastatic progression is linked to the breast cancer metastasis suppressor gene Brms1. Cancer research 93 11751410
2008 BRMS1 suppresses breast cancer experimental metastasis to multiple organs by inhibiting several steps of the metastatic process. The American journal of pathology 89 18276787
2006 Suppression of human ovarian carcinoma metastasis by the metastasis-suppressor gene, BRMS1. International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 88 16681721
2000 Analysis of mechanisms underlying BRMS1 suppression of metastasis. Clinical & experimental metastasis 86 11827072
2011 Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 promotes DNMT-1 recruitment to chromatin and represses transcription of the tumor metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1. Oncogene 80 21765477
2008 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) suppresses metastasis and correlates with improved patient survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer letters 72 19111386
2004 Identification of a novel BRMS1-homologue protein p40 as a component of the mSin3A/p33(ING1b)/HDAC1 deacetylase complex. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 60 15451426
2006 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is stabilized by the Hsp90 chaperone. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 59 16919237
2008 Epigenetic silencing contributes to the loss of BRMS1 expression in breast cancer. Clinical & experimental metastasis 50 18566899
2011 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is destabilized by the Cul3-SPOP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 49 22085717
2010 Cell cycle regulator ING4 is a suppressor of melanoma angiogenesis that is regulated by the metastasis suppressor BRMS1. Cancer research 46 21056991
2004 Identification of metastasis-associated proteins through protein analysis of metastatic MDA-MB-435 and metastasis-suppressed BRMS1 transfected-MDA-MB-435 cells. Clinical & experimental metastasis 44 15168732
2010 BRMS1 expression alters the ultrastructural, biomechanical and biochemical properties of MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells: an AFM and Raman microspectroscopy study. Cancer letters 37 20083343
2011 Unraveling the enigmatic complexities of BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression. FEBS letters 36 21827753
2010 BRMS1 transcriptional repression correlates with CpG island methylation and advanced pathological stage in non-small cell lung cancer. The Journal of pathology 36 20455258
2007 Proteomics-based strategy to delineate the molecular mechanisms of the metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1. Journal of proteome research 36 17854218
2002 Identification and characterization of the murine ortholog (brms1) of breast-cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1). International journal of cancer 36 11774238
2015 Histone demethylase JARID1C promotes breast cancer metastasis cells via down regulating BRMS1 expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 26182878
2014 Loss of BRMS1 promotes a mesenchymal phenotype through NF-κB-dependent regulation of Twist1. Molecular and cellular biology 34 25368381
2018 MicroRNA-125a-5p inhibits invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by targeting BRMS1 expression. Oncology letters 33 29552146
2008 BRMS1 suppresses breast cancer metastasis in multiple experimental models of metastasis by reducing solitary cell survival and inhibiting growth initiation. Clinical & experimental metastasis 33 18543067
2012 BRMS1 suppresses lung cancer metastases through an E3 ligase function on histone acetyltransferase p300. Cancer research 32 23269275
2016 CK2α' Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis by Targeting BRMS1 Nuclear Export and Degradation. Cancer research 30 26980766
2008 Multiple forms of BRMS1 are differentially expressed in the MCF10 isogenic breast cancer progression model. Clinical & experimental metastasis 29 18841483
2016 miR-346 promotes migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via targeting BRMS1. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 28 27501413
2005 Expression of the breast cancer metastasis suppressor gene, BRMS1, in human breast carcinoma: lack of correlation with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 28 16006775
2018 BRMS1 coordinates with LSD1 and suppresses breast cancer cell metastasis. American journal of cancer research 25 30416854
2017 MicroRNA-423 enhances the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulation of BRMS1. American journal of translational research 25 29312509
2005 Suppression of murine mammary carcinoma metastasis by the murine ortholog of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (Brms1). Cancer letters 24 15978719
2014 BRMS1 suppresses glioma progression by regulating invasion, migration and adhesion of glioma cells. PloS one 22 24879377
2018 MicroRNA-3200-5p Promotes Osteosarcoma Cell Invasion via Suppression of BRMS1. Molecules and cells 21 29890825
2015 Down-regulation of BRMS1 by DNA hypermethylation and its association with metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 21 26617826
2020 BRMS1: a multifunctional signaling molecule in metastasis. Cancer metastasis reviews 20 32232621
2009 Identification of essential sequences for cellular localization in BRMS1 metastasis suppressor. PloS one 20 19649328
2015 Breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor gene 1 (BRMS1): update on its role as the suppressor of cancer metastases. Cancer metastasis reviews 19 26328523
2012 Metastasis suppression by BRMS1 associated with SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes. Cancer metastasis reviews 19 22678236
2012 Low BRMS1 expression promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis in vitro and in vivo and is associated with poor patient survival. BMC cancer 19 22931099
2008 Over-expression of the BRMS1 family member SUDS3 does not suppress metastasis of human cancer cells. Cancer letters 19 19070953
2015 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) attenuates TGF-β1-induced breast cancer cell aggressiveness through downregulating HIF-1α expression. BMC cancer 18 26520789
2013 Expression of metastasis suppressor BRMS1 in breast cancer cells results in a marked delay in cellular adhesion to matrix. Molecular carcinogenesis 18 24000122
2022 A germline SNP in BRMS1 predisposes patients with lung adenocarcinoma to metastasis and can be ameliorated by targeting c-fos. Science translational medicine 17 36197962
2013 The C-terminal putative nuclear localization sequence of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1, BRMS1, is necessary for metastasis suppression. PloS one 17 23390556
2015 BRMS1 regulates apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 15 25182004
2016 Cancer-specific promoters for expression-targeted gene therapy: ran, brms1 and mcm5. The journal of gene medicine 14 27140445
2015 A pro-apoptotic function of iASPP by stabilizing p300 and CBP through inhibition of BRMS1 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Cell death & disease 14 25675294
2015 Cullin3 promotes breast cancer cells metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting BRMS1 for degradation. Oncotarget 14 26544623
2012 Ubiquitous Brms1 expression is critical for mammary carcinoma metastasis suppression via promotion of apoptosis. Clinical & experimental metastasis 14 22241150
2016 Cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) affects cell migration. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 13 26771717
2014 Expression of breast cancer metastasis suppressor-1, BRMS-1, in human breast cancer and the biological impact of BRMS-1 on the migration of breast cancer cells. Anticancer research 13 24596389
2014 BRMS1 inhibits expression of NF-kappaB subunit p65, uPA and OPN in ovarian cancer cells. European journal of gynaecological oncology 13 24984534
2014 Effect of BRMS1 on tumorigenicity and metastasis of human rectal cancer. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 12 24748145
2009 Expression of the Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) maintains in vitro chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Cancer letters 12 19307053
2022 Defect in BrMS1, a PHD-finger transcription factor, induces male sterility in ethyl methane sulfonate-mutagenized Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Frontiers in plant science 11 36061794
2017 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) suppresses prostate cancer progression by inducing apoptosis and regulating invasion. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 11 28121354
2011 The structure of BRMS1 nuclear export signal and SNX6 interacting region reveals a hexamer formed by antiparallel coiled coils. Journal of molecular biology 11 21777593
2019 Epigenetics mechanisms mediate the miR-125a/BRMS1 axis to regulate invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. OncoTargets and therapy 10 31571904
2019 MiR-147 inhibits cyclic mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis in L6 myoblasts via ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress by targeting BRMS1. Cell stress & chaperones 10 31628639
2018 Scinderin is a novel transcriptional target of BRMS1 involved in regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. American journal of cancer research 10 30034938
2016 Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1): Robust Biological and Pathological Data, But Still Enigmatic Mechanism of Action. Advances in cancer research 10 27613131
2013 Cloning and characterization of a novel human BRMS1 transcript variant in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer letters 10 23643861
2013 Case-only analyses of the associations between polymorphisms in the metastasis-modifying genes BRMS1 and SIPA1 and breast tumor characteristics, lymph node metastasis, and survival. Breast cancer research and treatment 10 23771732
2012 Location, location, location: the BRMS1 protein and melanoma progression. BMC medicine 10 22356729
2011 [Expression of SATB1 and BRMS1 in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and its relationship with clinieopathological features]. Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 9 21355308
2021 Long Noncoding RNA HCG11 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Cancer by Regulating miR-942-5p/BRMS1 Axis. Journal of oncology 8 34054958
2014 Expression of the metastasis suppressor BRMS1 in uveal melanoma. Ecancermedicalscience 8 24688598
2022 microRNA-15b-5p encapsulated by M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles promotes gastric cancer metastasis by targeting BRMS1 and suppressing DAPK1 transcription. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 7 35449111
2013 Effect and mechanism of the metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1 on the migration of breast cancer cells. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine 7 24260596
2011 mRNA expression of the putative antimetastatic gene BRMS1 and of apoptosis-related genes in breast cancer. Cancer genomics & proteomics 7 21737612
2015 Effect of BRMS1 expression on proliferation, migration and adhesion of mouse forestomach carcinoma. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine 6 26433658
2009 Purification and characterisation of the breast cancer metastasis suppressor, BRMS1. Protein expression and purification 6 19401233
2019 Synergistic antitumor effect of BRMS1 and sorafenib via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ERK signaling pathway. Oncology reports 5 31233204
2017 [DNA methylation modification of BRMS1 in triple-negative breast cancer and its correlation with tumor metastasis]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 5 29275584
2021 Perturbation of BRMS1 interactome reveals pathways that impact metastasis. PloS one 4 34788285
2018 BRMS1 participates in regulating cell sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslink damage by interacting with FANCI. Oncology reports 4 30365131
2016 ERα Mediates Estrogen-Induced Expression of the Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor Gene BRMS1. International journal of molecular sciences 4 26821020
2013 BRMS1 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to ATP-Induced Growth Suppression. BioResearch open access 4 23593560
2024 Anti-metastatic Effects of Bee Venom and Melittin in Breast Cancer Cells by Upregulation of BRMS1 and DRG1 Genes. Chemical biology & drug design 3 39396919
2023 BRMS1 in Gliomas-An Expression Analysis. Cancers 3 37296870
2021 Metastasis Inhibition by Cell Type Specific Expression of BRMS1 Gene under The Regulation of miR200 Family Response Elements. Cell journal 3 34096224
2020 Metastasis inhibition by BRMS1 and miR-31 replacement therapy in claudin-low cell lines. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences 3 32405371
2020 Anti-tumor peptide SA12 inhibits metastasis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells via increasing expression of the tumor metastasis suppressor genes, CDH1, nm23-H1 and BRMS1. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 3 32742405
2017 Characterization of DAPK1 as a novel transcriptional target of BRMS1. International journal of oncology 3 28339067
2011 [Expression of BRMS1 gene protein in nasal and paranasal sinus carcinomas]. Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery 3 22239051
2009 [Expression of gene BRMS1 and CD44v6 protein in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance]. Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery 3 19621595
2025 Estradiol conjugation to estrogen receptorα upregulates Brms1 expression mediating M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages and exacerbating airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Molecular immunology 1 40106959
2006 [Progress on breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1)]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 1 16963426
2026 A sponge homolog of BRMS1 reveals ancient origin of metastasis-suppressing functions. BMC biology 0 42082997
2025 BRMS1 suppresses the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to regulate autophagy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia & lymphoma 0 40665664
2024 Erratum: Down-regulation of BRMS1 by DNA hypermethylation and its association with metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 0 39660332
2014 Modelling and simulation of mutant alleles of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) gene. Bioinformation 0 25187687
2012 [The study of expression of BRMS1 gene protein and the expression of BRMS1 gene promotor area methylation in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance]. Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery 0 23167184
2005 Down-regulation of BRMS1 mRNA Expression in Breast Cancer is not Related to the Presence of Axillary Node Metastasis. Cancer genomics & proteomics 0 31394646

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