Affinage

CTBP1

C-terminal-binding protein 1 · UniProt Q13363

Length
440 aa
Mass
47.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 30 papers cited in narrative 28 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CTBP1 is a bifunctional NAD(H)-dependent protein that operates as a transcriptional corepressor in the nucleus and a regulator of membrane fission in the cytoplasm. In the nucleus, CTBP1 recruits DNA-binding repressors through a PXDLS-binding cleft, assembles corepressor complexes containing HDAC1/2, LSD1/CoREST, G9a, and SUMO ligases, and represses tumor suppressor and pro-apoptotic genes including BRCA1, BAX, CDH1, and CDKN1A; NAD(H) binding drives dimerization and tetramerization required for repressive activity, and succinylation by KAT2A or competition by adenoviral E1A attenuates this function (PMID:17967884, PMID:23940047, PMID:36764210, PMID:10567582). In the cytoplasm, CTBP1 is activated by PAK1-mediated S147 phosphorylation and incorporated into a 14-3-3γ/PI4KIIIβ complex that stimulates LPAATδ-dependent conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, driving fission of post-Golgi carriers and macropinosomes; ADP-ribosylation locks the NAD+-binding pocket and inhibits this membrane fission role (PMID:18354494, PMID:22366688, PMID:27401954, PMID:23716697). Nucleocytoplasmic distribution is regulated by FBXO32-mediated ubiquitination promoting nuclear retention, by presynaptic sequestration through Bassoon/Piccolo binding sensitive to NAD/NADH ratio, and by circRNA-mediated nuclear import (PMID:29142217, PMID:25652077). De novo missense variants in the PXDLS-binding cleft (R331W) cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome with intellectual disability, hypotonia, and ataxia (PMID:27094857).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Establishing that CTBP1 functions as a transcriptional corepressor resolved how it participates in gene regulation: it is recruited to DNA-binding repressors via their PXDLS motifs and confers active repression.

    Evidence Two-hybrid screen, co-IP, and reporter assays showing CtBP1 represses deltaEF1 targets via PLDLSL motif

    PMID:10567582

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymatic mechanism of repression unknown at this point
    • No structural basis for PXDLS recognition
    • Relationship to membrane trafficking role not addressed
  2. 2003 High

    The crystal structure of CtBP1 with NAD(H) and a PXDLS peptide established the structural basis for its dual function: an NAD(H)-dependent dimer with a defined peptide-binding cleft for repressor recruitment and a dehydrogenase fold suggestive of catalytic activity.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of rat CtBP/BARS with NAD(H) and PXDLS peptide, validated by mutagenesis

    PMID:12805226

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrate for dehydrogenase activity unknown
    • Initially suggested acyltransferase activity later disproven
  3. 2005 High

    Disproving intrinsic LPAAT activity of CTBP1 corrected a major mechanistic misconception and redirected inquiry toward its role as a regulatory scaffold rather than a direct lipid-modifying enzyme in membrane fission.

    Evidence Biochemical reconstitution showing the LPAAT activity was a co-purification artefact

    PMID:16319893

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which CTBP1 promotes membrane fission remained open
    • Identity of actual LPAAT partner unknown
  4. 2006 High

    Identifying KMTB as the preferred dehydrogenase substrate of CTBP1 linked its enzymatic activity to the methionine salvage pathway, providing a metabolic logic for NAD(H)-dependent transcriptional regulation.

    Evidence In vitro enzyme kinetics with purified catalytic domain showing ~80-fold preference for KMTB over pyruvate

    PMID:17157814

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of KMTB reduction to gene repression not demonstrated
    • Whether dehydrogenase activity is required for corepressor function debated
  5. 2007 High

    Mapping the full corepressor complex architecture — HDAC1/2, CoREST/LSD1, G9a/Wiz, SUMO ligases — to the PXDLS-binding cleft established how CTBP1 serves as a central scaffold for chromatin-modifying enzymes, with NAD(H)-driven dimerization required for repression but not for component recruitment.

    Evidence Structure-based mutagenesis with co-IP and transcriptional repression assays

    PMID:17967884

    Open questions at the time
    • How dimerization enables repression independently of recruitment not mechanistically resolved
    • Relative contribution of each chromatin modifier at endogenous loci unclear
  6. 2008 High

    Demonstrating that PAK1 phosphorylation at S147 is required for macropinosome closure identified the activating signal for CTBP1's membrane fission function and separated it mechanistically from its nuclear role.

    Evidence Phospho-defective S147A mutant blocks macropinocytic cup fission and Ad3 infection in live-cell imaging

    PMID:18323776 PMID:18354494

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct effector downstream of S147 phosphorylation unknown at that time
    • Whether PAK1 also modulates nuclear function not tested
  7. 2009 High

    The crystal structure of NAD(H)-free CTBP1 revealed conformational flexibility at the dimer interface, providing the structural mechanism by which NAD(H) binding stabilizes dimerization.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of G172E mutant with size-exclusion chromatography

    PMID:19351597

    Open questions at the time
    • Tetramer structure not resolved
    • How conformational change propagates to functional outputs unclear
  8. 2010 Medium

    Showing that CTBP1 represses BRCA1 in an NADH-dependent manner under hypoxia established a direct link between cellular redox state and tumor suppressor silencing, explaining how metabolic shifts in cancer promote CTBP1-dependent gene repression.

    Evidence ChIP and NADH manipulation showing increased CTBP1 occupancy at BRCA1 promoter under high-NADH conditions

    PMID:20818429

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of other metabolic sensors not excluded
    • In vivo tumor relevance not established
    • Single-lab finding
  9. 2012 High

    Discovery of the 14-3-3γ/PI4KIIIβ/CTBP1 ternary complex explained how CTBP1 is positioned at post-Golgi carriers for fission, with PKD and PAK phosphorylation stabilizing the complex.

    Evidence Co-IP, dominant-negative disruption, and live-cell imaging of Golgi carrier formation

    PMID:22366688

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct structural contacts within the ternary complex unresolved
    • Whether complex exists at other membrane compartments unknown
  10. 2013 High

    Three advances consolidated the mechanistic picture: Trp318 was identified as the tetramerization switch; ADP-ribosylation by BFA-ADPR conjugate was shown to lock the NAD+ pocket and block fission; and CAPN3-mediated cleavage was discovered as a muscle-specific regulatory mechanism.

    Evidence SEC and mutagenesis for tetramerization (PMID:23940047); biochemical reconstitution and MS for ADP-ribosylation (PMID:23716697); in vitro cleavage assay for CAPN3 (PMID:23707407)

    PMID:23707407 PMID:23716697 PMID:23940047

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological context of CAPN3 cleavage unclear
    • Whether tetramerization occurs at membranes not tested
    • In vivo ADP-ribosylation beyond BFA treatment not demonstrated
  11. 2015 High

    Identifying Bassoon/Piccolo as presynaptic anchors for CTBP1 revealed a NAD/NADH-sensitive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling mechanism in neurons, connecting synaptic activity to gene expression changes.

    Evidence Co-IP, FRAP, live imaging, and NAD/NADH manipulation in cultured neurons

    PMID:25652077

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional targets regulated by activity-dependent nuclear entry not fully defined
    • Whether this mechanism operates in non-neuronal cells unknown
  12. 2016 High

    Showing that CTBP1 within the 14-3-3γ complex activates LPAATδ to generate phosphatidic acid finally resolved the decade-long question of how CTBP1 promotes membrane fission — not through intrinsic LPAAT activity but by activating a dedicated acyltransferase.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro acyltransferase assay, RNAi, and dominant-negative disruption of basolateral carrier fission

    PMID:27401954

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of LPAATδ activation by CTBP1 at the molecular level unknown
    • Whether other LPAAT family members can substitute not tested
  13. 2017 High

    FBXO32-mediated ubiquitination was shown to stabilize CTBP1 and promote its nuclear retention, establishing ubiquitination as a non-degradative signal that sustains CTBP1 corepressor function during EMT.

    Evidence Direct ubiquitination assay, nuclear fractionation, RNAi, and gene expression profiling

    PMID:29142217

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin chain type and sites on CTBP1 not mapped
    • Interplay with proteasome-dependent degradation triggered by apoptotic stimuli unclear
  14. 2019 High

    Characterization of CtBP1-p300-FOXO3a and CtBP1-HDAC1/2-IRF1 complexes at specific promoters expanded the repertoire of context-specific corepressor assemblies, while human genetics linked the R331W variant to a neurodevelopmental syndrome, validating the PXDLS cleft as essential in vivo.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, and microarray for complex characterization (PMID:31041561, PMID:31337976); exome sequencing with proteomic/transcriptomic validation in patient fibroblasts for disease (PMID:27094857, PMID:31041561)

    PMID:27094857 PMID:31041561 PMID:31074088 PMID:31337976

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural consequences of R331W not resolved at atomic level
    • Which target genes drive the neurological phenotype unknown
    • Genotype-phenotype correlation across variant spectrum incomplete
  15. 2023 Medium

    Identification of KAT2A-mediated succinylation at K46 and K280 as an inhibitory modification of CTBP1 repression activity added a new metabolic input — succinyl-CoA availability — to the regulation of CTBP1-dependent gene silencing.

    Evidence Succinylation assay, ChIP, mutagenesis, and siRNA knockdown showing diminished CDH1 repression

    PMID:36764210

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo succinylation stoichiometry unknown
    • Whether succinylation affects membrane fission role untested
    • Single-lab finding

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: how CTBP1 activation of LPAATδ is achieved at the molecular level, the structural basis and full phenotypic spectrum of disease-causing CTBP1 variants, and how the multiple post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination, ADP-ribosylation, succinylation) are integrated to partition CTBP1 between nuclear and cytoplasmic functions in different cell types.
  • No structural model of the 14-3-3γ/PI4KIIIβ/CTBP1/LPAATδ complex
  • Comprehensive PTM crosstalk map lacking
  • Animal models with conditional CTBP1 ablation in specific tissues needed

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 9 GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 9 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 9 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 4 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
BSNHDAC1HDAC2KDM1APAK1PI4KBRCOR1YWHAG
Complex memberships
14-3-3γ/PI4KIIIβ/CtBP1 fission complexCtBP1-G9a/Wiz/CDYL HMTase complexCtBP1-HDAC1/2-CoREST/LSD1 corepressor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 28 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 Crystal structure of rat CtBP/BARS in binary complex with NAD(H) and ternary complex with a PXDLS peptide revealed that CtBP/BARS adopts a NAD(H)-bound dimeric form; the peptide-binding site maps recruitment of DNA-binding proteins and histone deacetylases to an N-terminal region of the protein. The structure also suggested an acyl-CoA-dependent acyltransferase activity associated with membrane fission. X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, binding experiments The EMBO journal High 12805226
2007 The PLDLS-binding cleft of CtBP1 serves as the primary recruitment center for DNA-binding repressors and for core enzymatic constituents (HDAC1/2, CoREST/LSD1, Ubc9) and auxiliary components (G9a/Wiz/CDYL HMTase complex, SUMO E3 ligases HPC2 and PIAS1) of the corepressor complex. NAD(H)-dependent dimerization is required for transcriptional repression but not for recruitment of these components. Structure-based mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, transcriptional repression assays Molecular and cellular biology High 17967884
1999 CtBP1 and CtBP2 were identified as corepressors of deltaEF1 (zinc finger-homeodomain transcription factor) via a PLDLSL motif in deltaEF1; fusion of CtBP1 to Gal4DBD conferred transcriptional repression, and alteration of the PLDLSL motif abolished corepressor recruitment. Two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, transcriptional reporter assays, mutagenesis Molecular and cellular biology High 10567582
2008 CtBP1 (CtBP1/BARS) is phosphorylated by PAK1 on a specific serine (S147), and this phosphorylation is required for fission of the macropinocytic cup; phosphorylation-defective S147A-CtBP1 blocked macropinosome closure and Ad3 viral infection. Phosphorylation-defective mutant (S147A), live-cell imaging, macropinocytosis inhibitor assays, viral infection assays The EMBO journal High 18323776 18354494
2012 14-3-3γ dimers bridge CtBP1-S/BARS with PI(4)KIIIβ to form a complex required for fission of post-Golgi carrier precursors; this complex is stabilized by PKD and PAK phosphorylation, and disrupting the association inhibits fission of elongating carriers. Co-immunoprecipitation, dominant-negative disruption, live-cell imaging of Golgi carrier formation Nature cell biology High 22366688
2013 Brefeldin A (BFA) induces ADP-ribosylation of CtBP1-S/BARS via a two-step mechanism: CD38 synthesizes a BFA-ADP-ribose conjugate which then covalently binds into the CtBP1-S/BARS NAD+-binding pocket, locking it in a dimeric conformation that prevents binding to membrane fission interactors and inhibits mitotic Golgi partitioning. Biochemical reconstitution, mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, cell-based Golgi partitioning assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 23716697
2016 When incorporated into the 14-3-3γ/PI4KIIIβ fission complex, CtBP1-S/BARS binds to and activates a trans-Golgi lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase type δ (LPAATδ), converting LPA into phosphatidic acid (PA); this reaction is essential for fission of basolateral post-Golgi carriers. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro acyltransferase assay, dominant-negative disruption, RNAi Nature communications High 27401954
2013 NAD(H) binding drives CtBP1 assembly first into a dimer and then into a tetramer (dimer of dimers); tryptophan 318 (Trp318) functions as a critical switch for tetramer assembly. NAD(H)-binding mutants retain PXDLS-motif binding but do not self-associate in vitro or in vivo. Transcriptional repression requires the N-terminal PXDLS-recruitment domain rather than dinucleotide binding or intact dehydrogenase activity. Size-exclusion chromatography, in vitro binding, co-immunoprecipitation, mammalian two-hybrid, site-directed mutagenesis, transcriptional reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 23940047
2009 Crystal structure of NAD(H)-free CtBP1/BARS G172E mutant revealed that absence of NAD(H) induces conformational flexibility at the dimerization interface and interdomain region, establishing the mechanistic link between NAD(H) binding and CtBP1 dimerization. X-ray crystallography, size-exclusion chromatography Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 19351597
2006 CtBP1 acts as a dehydrogenase/reductase on alpha-keto acids; its best substrate is 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), an intermediate of the methionine salvage pathway, which is ~80-fold better than pyruvate, suggesting KMTB as a physiological regulator of CtBP activity linking gene repression to methionine salvage. In vitro enzyme kinetics assay with purified catalytic domain of CtBP1 Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 17157814
2005 CtBP1 physically interacts with histone acetyltransferases (HATs), particularly CBP, and inhibits CBP-mediated acetylation of histone H3 at Lys9, Lys14, and Lys18 in a dose-dependent and NADH-dependent manner, providing a mechanism by which CtBP1 mediates transcriptional repression through blocking histone acetylation. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro HAT activity assay, mutagenesis Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Medium 16122695
2008 SATB1 and CtBP1 form a repressor complex in vivo via the PVPLS motif in SATB1's PDZ-like domain; acetylation of SATB1 (upon LiCl/ionomycin treatment) disrupts this interaction, leading to reduced CtBP1 and HDAC1 occupancy at target gene promoters (IL-2, c-Myc) and derepression of target gene expression. Co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, gene expression profiling, pharmacological acetylation induction Molecular and cellular biology High 19103759
2009 Agonist-bound ERα recruits CtBP1 to early estrogen-repressed gene promoters via p300 (a CtBP1-interacting partner), and CtBP1 recruitment is essential for chromatin modifications leading to transcriptional repression; p300 knockdown prevented estrogen-mediated gene repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNAi knockdown, transcriptional reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 19188451
2010 CtBP1 represses Brca1 transcription by binding to the E2F4 site of the Brca1 promoter; this recruitment is NADH-dependent and increases under hypoxic (high-NADH) conditions. Reducing NADH levels with the antioxidant Tempol relieves CtBP1-mediated Brca1 repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, NADH manipulation, pharmacological treatment, reporter assay Oncogene Medium 20818429
2015 CtBP1 is retained at presynapses by direct interaction with active zone scaffold proteins Bassoon and Piccolo; this interaction is regulated by neuronal activity via changes in cellular NAD/NADH levels and restricts the nuclear pool of CtBP1 available for activity-dependent gene expression changes. Co-immunoprecipitation, live imaging, FRAP, NAD/NADH manipulation, RNAi in neurons The EMBO journal High 25652077
2017 FBXO32 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) directly ubiquitinates CtBP1, which is required for CtBP1 protein stability and nuclear retention; FBXO32-mediated CtBP1 stabilization is essential for epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional induction of CtBP1 target genes underlying EMT. Ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation, nuclear fractionation, RNAi, gene expression profiling Nature communications High 29142217
2010 Bcl3 interacts with CtBP1 via a PXDLS/R motif, and this interaction stabilizes CtBP1 by blocking proteasome-dependent degradation; Bcl3 upregulation abolishes apoptotic-stimulus-induced CtBP1 degradation, sustaining repression of pro-apoptotic genes. Proteomic pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, proteasome inhibitor assays, siRNA knockdown Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 20800578
2013 PLEIAD/SIMC1 scaffolds CAPN3 and its substrate CtBP1; CAPN3 proteolytically cleaves CtBP1 at specific sites, suggesting functional modification of CtBP1 upon proteolysis by CAPN3 in muscle cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro cleavage assay, mass spectrometry mapping of cleavage sites Journal of molecular biology Medium 23707407
2007 Mono-ADP-ribosylation of CtBP1/BARS (induced by brefeldin A) regulates neutral lipid storage; siRNA knockdown of CtBP1/BARS mimics the BFA-induced loss of lipid droplets, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in CtBP1/BARS are defective in lipid accumulation. siRNA knockdown, ribosylation inhibitors, BFA treatment, lipid droplet quantification, MEF knockout cells Molecular biology of the cell Medium 17538025
2001 AP-2rep (Klf12) represses AP-2alpha transcription via an N-terminal PVDLS motif that interacts specifically with CtBP1 in vivo and in vitro; adenoviral E1A protein competes for this interaction and derepresses AP-2alpha transcription through its own PVDLS motif binding CtBP1. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, transcriptional reporter assays, mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11373277
2013 FANCC and other FA core complex proteins interact directly with CtBP1; CtBP1 is essential for proliferation, cell survival, and chromosomal integrity, and CtBP1-depleted and FA-depleted cells share common gene expression changes including regulation of the Wnt antagonist DKK1. Co-immunoprecipitation, expression profiling, siRNA knockdown, clonogenic survival assay Blood Medium 23303816
2019 CtBP1 forms a trimeric repressor complex with p300 and FOXO3a that specifically binds the promoters of Bax and Bim to repress their expression in osteosarcoma cells; knockdown of CtBP1 upregulates Bax, Bim, CDH1, PTEN, and CDKN1A. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, chromatin immunoprecipitation, gene expression microarray, siRNA knockdown Journal of cellular physiology Medium 31074088
2019 The CtBP1-HDAC1/2-IRF1 transcriptional complex binds the GAS5 lncRNA promoter and represses its expression in osteosarcoma cells; the complex was identified by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown International journal of biological sciences Medium 31337976
2023 KAT2A promotes succinylation of CtBP1 at K46 and K280, which suppresses CtBP1's transcriptional repression activity on CDH1; CtBP1 directly interacts with SP1 to inhibit CDH1 transcription, and this repressive activity is diminished by KAT2A-mediated succinylation. Co-immunoprecipitation, succinylation assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, site-directed mutagenesis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 36764210
2016 A recurrent de novo R331W (reported as R342W in 2019 follow-up) missense variant in CTBP1 is located within the PLDLS-binding cleft and is associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, ataxia, and tooth enamel defects; the variant impairs interaction with chromatin-modifying cofactors and alters transcriptional output. Exome sequencing, proteomic interaction analysis, genome-wide transcriptome analysis, patient fibroblast apoptosis assay Neurogenetics High 27094857 31041561
2021 CircIMMP2L interacts with CtBP1 in the cytoplasm and facilitates its nuclear retention in a CtBP2-independent manner; in the nucleus, circIMMP2L promotes the CtBP1-HDAC1 interaction leading to epigenetic repression of E-cadherin and p21. RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation Clinical and translational medicine Medium 34586741
2005 The proposed LPAAT (lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase) activity of CtBP/BARS is a co-purification artefact; purified CtBP/BARS does not possess intrinsic LPAAT activity, necessitating re-evaluation of the membrane fission mechanism. Biochemical reconstitution, purification controls, contamination identification Nature High 16319893
2020 The CTBP1/HDAC1/HDAC2 transcriptional complex suppresses MAT1A transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma; knockdown of HDAC1 or HDAC2 or overexpression of MAT1A inhibited cancer cell malignancy, and this suppression linked CtBP1 to reduced ferroptosis and immune escape. Co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, xenograft model Laboratory investigation Medium 37230466

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 Androgen-responsive long noncoding RNA CTBP1-AS promotes prostate cancer. The EMBO journal 229 23644382
2008 Subversion of CtBP1-controlled macropinocytosis by human adenovirus serotype 3. The EMBO journal 164 18323776
2008 The closure of Pak1-dependent macropinosomes requires the phosphorylation of CtBP1/BARS. The EMBO journal 157 18354494
2017 Sequence-dependent cargo recognition by SNX-BARs mediates retromer-independent transport of CI-MPR. The Journal of cell biology 155 28935633
2003 CtBP/BARS: a dual-function protein involved in transcription co-repression and Golgi membrane fission. The EMBO journal 134 12805226
1999 Identification of CtBP1 and CtBP2 as corepressors of zinc finger-homeodomain factor deltaEF1. Molecular and cellular biology 116 10567582
2007 Role of the PLDLS-binding cleft region of CtBP1 in recruitment of core and auxiliary components of the corepressor complex. Molecular and cellular biology 104 17967884
2006 The multiple activities of CtBP/BARS proteins: the Golgi view. Trends in cell biology 102 16483777
2017 The Role of CtBP1 in Oncogenic Processes and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Molecular cancer therapeutics 81 28576945
2005 Endophilin and CtBP/BARS are not acyl transferases in endocytosis or Golgi fission. Nature 76 16319893
2011 Evolution: On a bender--BARs, ESCRTs, COPs, and finally getting your coat. The Journal of cell biology 73 21670211
2012 A 14-3-3γ dimer-based scaffold bridges CtBP1-S/BARS to PI(4)KIIIβ to regulate post-Golgi carrier formation. Nature cell biology 72 22366688
2004 Soy versus whey protein bars: effects on exercise training impact on lean body mass and antioxidant status. Nutrition journal 70 15588291
2016 Golgi membrane fission requires the CtBP1-S/BARS-induced activation of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase δ. Nature communications 61 27401954
2012 Role of transcriptional corepressor CtBP1 in prostate cancer progression. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 60 23097625
2008 Acetylation-dependent interaction of SATB1 and CtBP1 mediates transcriptional repression by SATB1. Molecular and cellular biology 59 19103759
2017 FBXO32 promotes microenvironment underlying epithelial-mesenchymal transition via CtBP1 during tumour metastasis and brain development. Nature communications 56 29142217
2009 Estrogen receptor alpha represses transcription of early target genes via p300 and CtBP1. Molecular and cellular biology 55 19188451
2007 Involvement of CtBP1 in the transcriptional activation of the MDR1 gene in human multidrug resistant cancer cells. Biochemical pharmacology 52 17662696
2003 Characteristics of violent bars and bar patrons. Journal of studies on alcohol 52 14743938
2015 Synaptic activity controls localization and function of CtBP1 via binding to Bassoon and Piccolo. The EMBO journal 51 25652077
2017 Distinct complexes of yeast Snx4 family SNX-BARs mediate retrograde trafficking of Snc1 and Atg27. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 50 28026081
2001 Induction of AP-2alpha expression by adenoviral infection involves inactivation of the AP-2rep transcriptional corepressor CtBP1. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 11373277
2016 The miR-644a/CTBP1/p53 axis suppresses drug resistance by simultaneous inhibition of cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Oncotarget 48 27409664
1983 Response of neurons in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus to moving bars of different length. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 48 6822850
2022 Dendrimers as nanoscale vectors: Unlocking the bars of cancer therapy. Seminars in cancer biology 45 35700939
2011 Transcriptional down-regulation of Brca1 and E-cadherin by CtBP1 in breast cancer. Molecular carcinogenesis 41 21681822
2020 LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 alleviates high glucose-induced oxidative stress, ECM accumulation, and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via miR-155-5p/FOXO1 axis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 39 32868076
2010 Bcl3-dependent stabilization of CtBP1 is crucial for the inhibition of apoptosis and tumor progression in breast cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 39 20800578
2010 Redox-dependent Brca1 transcriptional regulation by an NADH-sensor CtBP1. Oncogene 37 20818429
2022 LncRNA CTBP1-DT-encoded microprotein DDUP sustains DNA damage response signalling to trigger dual DNA repair mechanisms. Nucleic acids research 36 35849344
2017 Health Halo Effects from Product Titles and Nutrient Content Claims in the Context of "Protein" Bars. Health communication 36 28853950
2013 Molecular mechanism and functional role of brefeldin A-mediated ADP-ribosylation of CtBP1/BARS. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 36 23716697
1981 Spatial arrangements of responses by cells in the cat visual cortex to light and dark bars and edges. Experimental brain research 35 7308353
2021 Thyroid hormones regulate the formation and environmental plasticity of white bars in clownfishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 34 34031155
2007 Sensory properties of meal replacement bars and beverages made from whey and soy proteins. Journal of food science 34 17995701
2006 2-Keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, an intermediate in the methionine salvage pathway, is a good substrate for CtBP1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 34 17157814
2019 Sp1-induced LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 is a novel regulator in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by interacting with FUS to stabilize TLR4. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 33 31220774
2014 Androgen Receptor Coregulator CTBP1-AS Is Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Chinese Women: A Preliminary Study. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 33 25552498
2013 Components of the CtBP1/BARS-dependent fission machinery. Histochemistry and cell biology 33 23996193
2023 The DDUP protein encoded by the DNA damage-induced CTBP1-DT lncRNA confers cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Cell death & disease 32 37633920
2016 A recurrent de novo CTBP1 mutation is associated with developmental delay, hypotonia, ataxia, and tooth enamel defects. Neurogenetics 32 27094857
2013 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-induced multimerization of the co-repressor CtBP1 relies on a switching tryptophan. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 23940047
2008 Of bars and rings: Hof1-dependent cytokinesis in multiseptated hyphae of Ashbya gossypii. Molecular and cellular biology 31 19029253
2005 Krüppel-like zinc finger protein Gli-similar 2 (Glis2) represses transcription through interaction with C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1). Nucleic acids research 31 16326862
2018 MicroRNA485-3p negatively regulates the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP1 to control the oncogenic process in osteosarcoma cells. International journal of biological sciences 30 30262996
2018 Clinical significance of long noncoding RNA VIM-AS1 and CTBP1-AS2 expression in type 2 diabetes. Journal of cellular biochemistry 30 30506719
2014 Prostate tumor growth is impaired by CtBP1 depletion in high-fat diet-fed mice. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 30 24842953
2003 Presence of undeclared peanut protein in chocolate bars imported from Europe. Journal of food protection 29 14572236
2023 Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) and Its Promising Potential in Developing Functional Energy Bars: Review of Chemical, Nutritional, Functional, and Sensory Attributes. Nutrients 28 37432292
1985 Simple and B-cells in cat striate cortex. Complementarity of responses to moving light and dark bars. Journal of neurophysiology 28 3981233
2013 CtBP1 is expressed in melanoma and represses the transcription of p16INK4a and Brca1. The Journal of investigative dermatology 27 23303449
2013 CtBP1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology reports 26 23756565
2007 Evidence that mono-ADP-ribosylation of CtBP1/BARS regulates lipid storage. Molecular biology of the cell 26 17538025
2005 Corepressor CtBP1 interacts with and specifically inhibits CBP activity. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 26 16122695
2020 LINC01426 contributes to clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by modulating CTBP1/miR-423-5p/FOXM1 axis via interacting with IGF2BP1. Journal of cellular physiology 24 32583425
2020 CtBP1 transactivates RAD51 and confers cisplatin resistance to breast cancer cells. Molecular carcinogenesis 23 32124501
2013 Attitudes toward smoke-free workplaces, restaurants, and bars, casinos, and clubs among u.s. Adults: findings from the 2009-2010 national adult tobacco survey. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 23 23296211
2020 CtBP1 promotes tumour-associated macrophage infiltration and progression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 22 32910558
2020 SP1-induced upregulation of lncRNA CTBP1-AS2 accelerates the hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis through targeting CEP55 via sponging miR-195-5p. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 32988587
2013 Fanconi anemia proteins interact with CtBP1 and modulate the expression of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1. Blood 22 23303816
2023 Out of the ESCPE room: Emerging roles of endosomal SNX-BARs in receptor transport and host-pathogen interaction. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 21 37089068
2021 Targeting the CtBP1-FOXM1 transcriptional complex with small molecules to overcome MDR1-mediated chemoresistance in osteosarcoma cancer stem cells. Journal of Cancer 21 33391445
2020 LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 is upregulated in osteoarthritis and increases the methylation of miR-130a gene to inhibit chondrocyte proliferation. Clinical rheumatology 21 32388751
2019 The CtBP1-p300-FOXO3a transcriptional complex represses the expression of the apoptotic regulators Bax and Bim in human osteosarcoma cells. Journal of cellular physiology 21 31074088
2023 Succinylation of CTBP1 mediated by KAT2A suppresses its inhibitory activity on the transcription of CDH1 to promote the progression of prostate cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 36764210
2021 Gastroblastoma with a novel EWSR1-CTBP1 fusion presenting in adolescence. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 20 34041825
2020 CTBP1‑AS2 inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy in ox‑LDL‑stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating miR‑195‑5p/ATG14. International journal of molecular medicine 20 32626936
2019 The CtBP1-HDAC1/2-IRF1 transcriptional complex represses the expression of the long noncoding RNA GAS5 in human osteosarcoma cells. International journal of biological sciences 20 31337976
2019 CTBP1 Confers Protection for Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons in Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 20 31340205
2013 PLEIAD/SIMC1/C5orf25, a novel autolysis regulator for a skeletal-muscle-specific calpain, CAPN3, scaffolds a CAPN3 substrate, CTBP1. Journal of molecular biology 20 23707407
2017 Influence of package and health-related claims on perception and sensory acceptability of snack bars. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) 19 28941673
2023 A Comprehensive Study on Antibiotic Resistance among Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) Strains Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Food Served in Bars and Restaurants. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 18 36766043
2021 Downregulating Long Non-coding RNAs CTBP1-AS2 Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Development by Modulating the miR-93-5p/TGF-β/SMAD2/3 Pathway. Frontiers in oncology 18 33937030
2021 Encapsulation and dispersion of Lactobacillus acidophilus in a chocolate coating as a strategy for maintaining cell viability in cereal bars. Scientific reports 18 34654845
2021 ETV5-mediated upregulation of lncRNA CTBP1-DT as a ceRNA facilitates HGSOC progression by regulating miR-188-5p/MAP3K3 axis. Cell death & disease 18 34887384
2020 Long non-coding RNA CTBP1-AS2 enhances cervical cancer progression via up-regulation of ZNF217 through sponging miR-3163. Cancer cell international 18 32742190
2016 CtBP1 associates metabolic syndrome and breast carcinogenesis targeting multiple miRNAs. Oncotarget 18 26933806
1990 AIDS behind bars. Epidemiology of New York State prison inmate cases, 1980-1988. New York state journal of medicine 18 2314719
2021 Insect Protein Content Analysis in Handcrafted Fitness Bars by NIR Spectroscopy. Gaussian Process Regression and Data Fusion for Performance Enhancement of Miniaturized Cost-Effective Consumer-Grade Sensors. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 17 34770798
2006 Expression of avian C-terminal binding proteins (Ctbp1 and Ctbp2) during embryonic development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 17 16258936
2021 Of bars and stripes: A Malawi cichlid hybrid cross provides insights into genetic modularity and evolution of modifier loci underlying colour pattern diversification. Molecular ecology 16 34322938
2020 lncRNA CTBP1-AS2 promotes proliferation and migration of glioma by modulating miR-370-3p-Wnt7a-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 16 33150795
2019 CTBP1 depletion on prostate tumors deregulates miRNA/mRNA expression and impairs cancer progression in metabolic syndrome mice. Cell death & disease 16 30931931
2018 Engineering therapeutic T cells to suppress alloimmune responses using TCRs, CARs, or BARs. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 16 29603617
2014 Characterization of Ribeye subunits in zebrafish hair cells reveals that exogenous Ribeye B-domain and CtBP1 localize to the basal ends of synaptic ribbons. PloS one 16 25208216
2009 CtBP1/BARS Gly172-->Glu mutant structure: impairing NAD(H)-binding and dimerization. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 19351597
2005 Purification and functional properties of the membrane fissioning protein CtBP3/BARS. Methods in enzymology 16 16413278
2023 MAT1A Suppression by the CTBP1/HDAC1/HDAC2 Transcriptional Complex Induces Immune Escape and Reduces Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 15 37230466
2019 A pathogenic CtBP1 missense mutation causes altered cofactor binding and transcriptional activity. Neurogenetics 15 31041561
2007 The Caenorhabditis elegans protein CTBP-1 defines a new group of THAP domain-containing CtBP corepressors. Journal of molecular biology 15 18005989
2006 [Suicide behind bars -- an international review]. Psychiatrische Praxis 15 16389577
2021 CircIMMP2L promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma malignant progression via CtBP1 nuclear retention dependent epigenetic modification. Clinical and translational medicine 14 34586741
2020 The PRDM14-CtBP1/2-PRC2 complex regulates transcriptional repression during the transition from primed to naïve pluripotency. Journal of cell science 14 32661086
2020 LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 regulates miR-216a/ PTEN to suppress ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Journal of ovarian research 14 32711584
2018 Consuming Lower-Protein Nutrition Bars with Added Leucine Elicits Postprandial Changes in Appetite Sensations in Healthy Women. The Journal of nutrition 13 29897544
2017 Benzotriazole Enhances Cell Invasive Potency in Endometrial Carcinoma Through CTBP1-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 12 29262396
2016 Silencing of CtBP1 suppresses the migration in human glioma cells. Journal of molecular histology 12 27160109
2012 Development, characterization, and optimization of protein level in date bars using response surface methodology. TheScientificWorldJournal 12 22792044
2009 Loss of full length CtBP1 expression enhances the invasive potential of human melanoma. BMC cancer 12 19216735