Affinage

CLTA

Clathrin light chain A · UniProt P09496

Length
248 aa
Mass
27.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
89 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/8 claims corpus-supported (88%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CLTA encodes clathrin light chain A (CLCa), a regulatory subunit of the clathrin triskelion that binds and regulates the ubiquitous clathrin heavy chain CHC17, an interaction that arose by light-chain gene duplication independent of heavy-chain duplication during chordate evolution; the paralogous CHC22 does not engage either light chain (PMID:15883369). Tissue-specific CLCa isoforms are generated by alternative splicing of discrete neuron-specific exons (PMID:7713494). CLCa has functions distinct from its paralog CLCb: it is uniquely required for cell spreading and migration, controlling targeting of FAK and paxillin to the adherent surface, integrin-mediated activation of Src/FAK/paxillin, focal adhesion maturation, and the interaction of clathrin with the WAVE actin nucleation-promoting complex (PMID:30975920). In neurons, balanced co-assembly of CLCa and CLCb isoforms tunes clathrin knee conformation and membrane deformation, with CLTA-null mice showing increased synaptic vesicle numbers, and both isoforms required for synaptic vesicle replenishment (PMID:32907943). Beyond endocytosis, CLCa directly interacts with MAD2B (MAD2L2) at the mitotic spindle during G2/M, where MAD2B depletion redistributes CLCa from the spindle and produces chromosome misalignment (PMID:21152103). In clathrin-mediated endocytosis, CLCa cooperates with the AP2 complex and is regulated by GPN3, which controls EGFR co-localization with CLCa and EGFR endocytic trafficking (PMID:39893205). CLTA expression is transcriptionally driven by C/EBPβ downstream of fatty acid oxidation (PMID:35273614) and post-transcriptionally targeted by miR-133b-3p (PMID:28126411). CLTA contributes to tumor cell behavior in hepatocellular carcinoma, where it promotes small extracellular vesicle uptake via CAPG upregulation (PMID:37354358) and remodels the microvascular niche by stabilizing basigin (BSG) (PMID:37606345).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1994 Medium

    Establishing the genomic architecture of CLTA defined how a single gene produces tissue-specific light chain isoforms, a prerequisite for understanding functional divergence.

    Evidence Chromosomal mapping and genomic exon-structure analysis of CLTA

    PMID:7713494

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences of the neuron-specific exons not addressed
    • No protein-level activity assigned to splice variants at this stage
  2. 2005 Medium

    Tracing the evolutionary origin of CLTA/CLTB and their heavy-chain binding specificity established which heavy chain CLCa actually regulates, separating it from the non-interacting CHC22 paralog.

    Evidence Phylogenetic/sequence analysis with CHC17-vs-CHC22 functional interaction assays

    PMID:15883369

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not resolve isoform-specific functional differences between CLCa and CLCb
    • Structural basis of selective heavy-chain binding not defined
  3. 2010 High

    Identifying a direct CLCa-MAD2B interaction at the spindle answered whether clathrin light chain has a dedicated mitotic role beyond membrane trafficking.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, reciprocal co-IP, confocal co-localization, and siRNA in cultured cells

    PMID:21152103

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which the CLCa-MAD2B complex maintains chromosome alignment unknown
    • Whether this requires heavy-chain-assembled clathrin not established
  4. 2019 High

    Selective depletion of CLCa versus CLCb demonstrated that CLCa carries a non-redundant role in adhesion and motility signaling, defining the first clearly isoform-specific cellular function.

    Evidence Isoform-selective siRNA with spreading/migration assays, immunofluorescence, integrin quantification, and clathrin-WAVE co-IP

    PMID:30975920

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding interface between CLCa and the WAVE complex not mapped
    • How CLCa selectively directs FAK/paxillin targeting mechanistically unresolved
  5. 2020 High

    Reconstitution and knockout-mouse work showed that balanced neuronal CLCa/CLCb co-assembly tunes membrane deformation and synaptic vesicle cycling, explaining why both isoforms are retained.

    Evidence Biophysical assembly assays, electrophysiology and EM in CLTA-null and CLTB-null mice

    PMID:32907943

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural determinant of knee-conformation control by each variant not fully defined
    • Molecular link between vesicle replenishment defect and isoform identity unresolved
  6. 2017 Medium

    Validation of CLTA as a miR-133b-3p target introduced a post-transcriptional layer controlling CLTA abundance in an endocytosis-relevant tissue context.

    Evidence miRNA array, qPCR, and luciferase reporter assay in mouse testis

    PMID:28126411

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological extent of miR-133b-3p control over CLTA in other tissues unknown
    • Downstream endocytic consequence of CLTA repression not directly tested
  7. 2022 Medium

    Linking C/EBPβ to CLTA promoter binding downstream of fatty acid oxidation established a transcriptional input coupling metabolism to clathrin-dependent endocytosis in disease.

    Evidence ChIP, Western blot, and endocytosis/fusion assays in RA patient-derived osteoclast precursors

    PMID:35273614

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration that CLTA induction alone drives the fusion phenotype not isolated from CLTC
    • Generality beyond osteoclast precursors unknown
  8. 2023 Medium

    Two studies defined CLTA-dependent mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma — sEV uptake via CAPG and microvascular remodeling via BSG — placing CLTA in tumor progression and providing pharmacological entry points.

    Evidence sEV uptake and invasion assays, mass spectrometry effector identification, Pitstop 2/SP-8356 inhibition, and PDX models

    PMID:37354358 PMID:37606345

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CLTA acts as classical clathrin subunit or moonlights in these contexts not resolved
    • Mechanism of sEV-CLTA cargo delivery to recipient endothelial cells not detailed
  9. 2025 Medium

    Identification of GPN3 as a direct CLTA/AP2 interactor that restrains pit invagination connected CLCa to regulated control of EGFR endocytosis and signaling duration.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, pit invagination assays, EGFR-CLTA co-localization and endosome fractionation with GPN3 perturbation

    PMID:39893205

    Open questions at the time
    • How GPN3 mechanistically inhibits invagination at the molecular level unclear
    • Specificity for CLCa versus CLCb-containing coats not tested
  10. 2025 Low

    Functional knockdown in osteosarcoma lines extended CLTA's pro-tumor role to a second cancer type at the phenotypic level.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with proliferation, colony formation, and migration assays in MG63 and U2OS cells

    PMID:41236100

    Open questions at the time
    • Standard knockdown phenotype without mechanistic pathway placement
    • No effector or signaling axis identified in this context
  11. 2026 Low

    Associational data linked clathrin light chain abundance and a CLTA SNP to TBI outcomes, raising clathrin trafficking as a candidate factor in neural injury recovery.

    Evidence Western blot in rat CCI model with behavioral testing and human CLTA SNP-outcome genotyping

    PMID:41673368

    Open questions at the time
    • Associational only; no causal mechanism for the rs4879960 effect
    • CLTA-specific contribution not separated from general clathrin complex changes

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CLCa's distinct functions — adhesion signaling, mitotic spindle activity, neuronal membrane deformation, and cancer-associated trafficking — are molecularly partitioned through isoform-specific sequence features and binding partners remains unresolved.
  • No structural model linking CLCa-specific exons to its unique functions
  • Whether mitotic and adhesion roles depend on assembled clathrin coats versus free light chain unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 1 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
AP2B1AP2S1CLTCGPN3MAD2L2
Complex memberships
clathrin triskelion (CHC17/clathrin coat)

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 CLTA (clathrin light chain A, LCa) and CLTB (LCb) genes arose by localized duplication during chordate evolution (~510-600 million years ago), independently from the heavy chain duplication. CHC17 (the ubiquitous clathrin heavy chain) is bound and regulated by both LCa and LCb, whereas the paralogous CHC22 does not functionally interact with either light chain isoform. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis; functional interaction assays distinguishing CHC17 vs CHC22 binding to CLCa/CLCb Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 15883369
1994 CLTA maps to chromosome 12q23-q24, and the neuron-specific insertion sequences of CLCa are encoded by two discrete exons (the first homologous to the single neuron-specific exon of LCb), establishing that tissue-specific CLCa isoforms are generated by alternative mRNA splicing. Chromosomal mapping; isolation and characterization of partial genomic clones; exon structure analysis Genomics Medium 7713494
2010 CLTA (clathrin light chain A) directly interacts with the mitotic arrest deficient protein MAD2B (MAD2L2) during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. MAD2B and CLTA co-localize at the mitotic spindle, and siRNA-mediated depletion of MAD2B causes CLTA to redistribute away from the spindle and results in a marked increase in misaligned chromosomes. Yeast two-hybrid screen; GST pull-down; endogenous co-immunoprecipitation; confocal laser scanning microscopy; siRNA knockdown PloS one High 21152103
2019 CLCa (CLTA), but not CLCb (CLTB), is uniquely required for efficient cell spreading and migration. Selective depletion of CLCa reduced isotropic spreading by 60–80% and wound closure/motility by ~50%. CLCa is required for effective targeting of FAK and paxillin to the adherent surface of spreading cells, for integrin-mediated activation of Src, FAK, and paxillin, and for maturation of focal adhesions. CLCa depletion also blocked the interaction of clathrin with the WAVE nucleation-promoting complex and altered actin distribution. CLCa is preferentially recruited to budding protrusions. siRNA selective depletion of CLCa vs CLCb; live-cell spreading assays; wound closure/motility assays; immunofluorescence; co-immunoprecipitation (clathrin-WAVE complex); surface integrin quantification Journal of cell science High 30975920
2020 Neuronal clathrin light chain mixtures (nCLCa encoded by CLTA and nCLCb encoded by CLTB) are more effective in membrane deformation than clathrin containing single neuronal isoforms alone. CLC splice variants differentially influence clathrin knee conformation within assemblies. Mice lacking only nCLCa (CLTA-null) show increased synaptic vesicle numbers and restore normal neurotransmission, whereas mice lacking nCLCb have a reduced synaptic vesicle pool and impaired neurotransmission. Both nCLCa-null and nCLCb-null neurons are defective in synaptic vesicle replenishment. Biophysical characterization of clathrin assemblies with individual CLC variants; electrophysiological recordings in neurons from CLTA-knockout and CLTB-knockout mice; electron microscopy of synaptic vesicle pools Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 32907943
2017 PFOA exposure in mouse testes affects endocytosis, and CLTA is a direct target of miR-133b-3p as validated by transfection and luciferase activity assay, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of CLTA by miR-133b-3p. miRNA array; TaqMan qPCR; immunohistochemistry; Western blot; transfection with miR-133b-3p; luciferase reporter assay Toxicology and applied pharmacology Medium 28126411
2022 CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation promotes upregulation of CLTA and CLTC expression in osteoclast precursors through enhanced binding of transcription factor C/EBPβ to the CLTA and CLTC promoters. This drives clathrin-dependent endocytosis, attenuates fusion receptors at the membrane, and contributes to increased podosome formation and osteoclast precursor fusion in rheumatoid arthritis. ChIP assay (C/EBPβ binding to CLTA/CLTC promoters); Western blot; functional endocytosis assays; podosome and fusion assays in RA patient-derived cells Frontiers in immunology Medium 35273614
2023 CLTA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells facilitates uptake of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by increasing expression of CAPG (capping actin protein gelsolin-like), thereby promoting proliferation, motility, and invasiveness of HCC cells. The CLTA inhibitor Pitstop 2 alone or combined with sorafenib attenuated tumor growth in patient-derived xenografts. PKH67-sEV uptake assay; MTT; colony formation; transwell assays; mass spectrometry identification of downstream effector CAPG; siRNA knockdown; Pitstop 2 pharmacological inhibition; PDX mouse model Hepatology international Medium 37354358
2023 HCC-derived sEV-CLTA remodels the microvascular niche by stabilizing and upregulating basigin (BSG) in endothelial cells, thereby disrupting endothelial integrity and inducing angiogenesis. Circulating sEV CLTA levels were elevated in HCC patients and decreased after surgery. ELISA of circulating sEVs from HCC patients; tube formation; sprouting; trans-endothelial invasion and vascular leakiness assays; mass spectrometry identification of BSG as downstream effector; PDX mouse model with BSG inhibitor SP-8356 Journal of extracellular vesicles Medium 37606345
2018 CRISPR/Cas9 was used to fluorescently label the C-terminus of endogenous CLTA in human iPSCs, generating a functional reporter line that maintains normal karyotype and differentiation potential, enabling visualization of endogenous clathrin trafficking in varied cell types derived from iPSCs. CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing; fluorescence-activated cell sorting; karyotyping; differentiation assays; live fluorescence imaging of clathrin-coated pits Stem cell research Medium 30340091
2022 An eGFP-Clta fusion knock-in reporter mouse was generated by endogenous tagging of clathrin light chain a. The fusion protein is expressed in all tissues in a cell-specific manner and functionally recruits to nanobeads (validated by TIRF microscopy), enabling intravital 2-photon tracking of endocytic dynamics in living mice. Endogenous knock-in mouse model; TIRF microscopy nanobead recruitment assay; intravital 2-photon microscopy; fluorescence microscopy across tissues PloS one Medium 36149863
2025 GPN3 interacts directly with CLTA (clathrin light chain A) as well as AP2B1 and AP2S1, and upregulation of GPN3 inhibits clathrin-coated pit invagination. GPN3 regulates co-localization of EGFR with CLTA and EGFR localization in early endosomes upon EGF stimulation, reducing endocytic levels of EGFR and prolonging its membrane-proximal signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation; clathrin-coated pit invagination assays; co-localization imaging of EGFR and CLTA; early endosome fractionation; GPN3 overexpression and knockdown; GTP-dependence testing Cell death discovery Medium 39893205
2025 CLTA silencing by siRNA in osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63 and U2OS) led to significant reductions in cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration, establishing a direct functional role for CLTA in osteosarcoma cell behavior. siRNA knockdown; MTT/cell proliferation assay; colony formation assay; wound healing migration assay The journal of gene medicine Low 41236100
2026 In a rat controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI model, hippocampal abundance of clathrin light chain (including CLTA-associated protein complex) was decreased at 14 days post-injury, temporally associated with neurobehavioral impairments. In severe TBI patients, a CLTA SNP minor allele (rs4879960) was associated with improved outcomes on the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale. Western blot of hippocampal CME proteins in CCI rats; neurobehavioral testing; human SNP genotyping correlated with clinical outcomes Molecular neurobiology Low 41673368

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 89 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Mechanism of tumor rejection with doublets of CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, or IDO blockade involves restored IL-2 production and proliferation of CD8(+) T cells directly within the tumor microenvironment. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 483 24829760
2015 CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathway Blockade: Combinations in the Clinic. Frontiers in oncology 187 25642417
2002 CTLA-4 regulates cell cycle progression during a primary immune response. European journal of immunology 101 11807776
2016 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Brain Metastases: From Biology to Treatment. American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting 79 27249713
2005 Association of the CTLA-4 gene with rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese Han population. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 74 15841095
2015 Loss of muscleblind-like 1 results in cardiac pathology and persistence of embryonic splice isoforms. Scientific reports 69 25761764
2020 High-Throughput Sequencing and Exploration of the lncRNA-circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BioMed research international 62 32596376
2008 Global analysis of aberrant pre-mRNA splicing in glioblastoma using exon expression arrays. BMC genomics 57 18474104
2017 Targeting CD47 Enhances the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 in an Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Preclinical Model. Oncology research 54 28337964
2011 Consequences of metaphase II oocyte cryopreservation on mRNA content. Cryobiology 53 21272569
2005 Clathrin heavy and light chain isoforms originated by independent mechanisms of gene duplication during chordate evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 52 15883369
2006 CTLA-4 dysregulation of self/tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cell function is CD4+ T-cell dependent. Blood 51 16882704
2018 Monitoring of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors using PET-CT. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 50 30123922
2016 Identification and characterization of putative xylose and cellobiose transporters in Aspergillus nidulans. Biotechnology for biofuels 50 27708711
2010 Identification and analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster encoding the thiopeptide antibiotic cyclothiazomycin in Streptomyces hygroscopicus 10-22. Applied and environmental microbiology 46 20154110
2015 Induction of Inhibitory Receptors on T Cells During Plasmodium vivax Malaria Impairs Cytokine Production. The Journal of infectious diseases 45 26019284
2019 The effects of checkpoint inhibition on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Oral oncology 39 30846179
2021 The potential role of vitamin C in empowering cancer immunotherapy. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 38 34923342
2008 Regulatory T cells and allergic disease. Inflammation & allergy drug targets 38 19075789
2020 Biological Landscape of Triple Negative Breast Cancers Expressing CTLA-4. Frontiers in oncology 35 32850353
2019 Proteomic characterization of early lung response to breast cancer metastasis in mice. Experimental and molecular pathology 35 30763573
2010 Novel immunotherapies as potential therapeutic partners for traditional or targeted agents: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade in advanced melanoma. Melanoma research 32 19952852
2007 A novel approach to specific allergy treatment: the recombinant allergen-S-layer fusion protein rSbsC-Bet v 1 matures dendritic cells that prime Th0/Th1 and IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 31 18025169
1994 Expression and function of the costimulatory molecule B7 on murine Langerhans cells: evidence for an alternative CTLA-4 ligand. European journal of immunology 30 7512030
2020 Clathrin light chain diversity regulates membrane deformation in vitro and synaptic vesicle formation in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 29 32907943
2010 The mitotic arrest deficient protein MAD2B interacts with the clathrin light chain A during mitosis. PloS one 28 21152103
2019 A disparate role of RP11-424C20.2/UHRF1 axis through control of tumor immune escape in liver hepatocellular carcinoma and thymoma. Aging 27 31442209
2013 The associations between the polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene and the risk of Graves' disease in the Chinese population. BMC medical genetics 26 23597029
2016 Genome-wide association study revealed genomic regions related to white/red earlobe color trait in the Rhode Island Red chickens. BMC genetics 23 27496128
2022 Autoimmune Cytopenias in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Are a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Conundrum: An Update. Frontiers in immunology 21 35795667
2019 A unique role for clathrin light chain A in cell spreading and migration. Journal of cell science 21 30975920
2023 Clathrin light chain A-enriched small extracellular vesicles remodel microvascular niche to induce hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Journal of extracellular vesicles 20 37606345
2022 CPT1A-Mediated Fatty Acid Oxidation Promotes Precursor Osteoclast Fusion in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Frontiers in immunology 20 35273614
2002 Reduced CTLA-4 protein and messenger RNA expression in umbilical cord blood T lymphocytes. Experimental hematology 20 12135671
2022 HOXC6 impacts epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the immune microenvironment through gene transcription in gliomas. Cancer cell international 19 35488304
2021 CLTA-4 Expression is Associated with the Maintenance of Chronic Inflammation in Endometriosis and Infertility. Cells 18 33668701
2021 Different Apples, Same Tree: Visualizing Current Biological and Clinical Insights into CTLA-4 Insufficiency and LRBA and DEF6 Deficiencies. Frontiers in pediatrics 18 33996698
2021 The Upregulation of Molecules Related to Tumor Immune Escape in Human Pituitary Adenomas. Frontiers in endocrinology 18 34745002
2023 The Role of CTLA-4 in T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viruses 16 37243227
2017 Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant. Current hematologic malignancy reports 16 28155012
2009 Foxp3 expressing regulatory T-cells in allergic disease. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 16 20429425
2019 Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations: is dose escalation mandatory for phase I trials? Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 15 31435659
2013 CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 15 23289635
2011 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-2 alpha induces apoptosis of murine T-lymphoma cells and cardiac fibroblasts and is regulated by cAMP/PKA. Cellular signalling 15 21620962
2023 Clathrin light chain A facilitates small extracellular vesicle uptake to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Hepatology international 14 37354358
2013 Kinase inhibitors and immune check-point blockade for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and advanced cancer: synergistic or antagonistic? Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 14 24138302
2016 Lipoteichoic Acid Isolated from Weissella cibaria Increases Cytokine Production in Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Cells and Mouse Splenocytes. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 13 27012236
2017 Perfluorooctanoic acid affects endocytosis involving clathrin light chain A and microRNA-133b-3p in mouse testes. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 12 28126411
2004 Cloning and sequence analysis of a low temperature-induced gene from trifoliate orange with unusual pre-mRNA processing. Plant cell reports 12 15138696
2004 Cloning and expression of clt genes encoding milk-clotting proteases from Myxococcus xanthus 422. Applied and environmental microbiology 12 15466588
1994 Chromosomal location and some structural features of human clathrin light-chain genes (CLTA and CLTB). Genomics 12 7713494
2021 Genome-wide association study identified INSC gene associated with Trail Making Test Part A and Alzheimer's disease related cognitive phenotypes. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 11 34224794
2018 The synergic effects of CTLA-4/Foxp3-related genotypes and chromosomal aberrations on the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion among a Chinese Han population. Journal of human genetics 11 29476189
2025 Pancreatic cancer precursor lesions - Can immunotherapy prevent progression into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? Cancer letters 10 40127814
2021 A novel comprehensive immune-related gene signature as a promising survival predictor for the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging 10 33867351
2023 Aberrant follicular regulatory T cells associate with immunoglobulin hyperproduction in nasal polyps with ectopic lymphoid tissues. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 9 38072196
2022 Transcriptome-based selection and validation of optimal reference genes in perirenal adipose developing of goat (Capra hircus). Frontiers in veterinary science 9 36467654
2018 The two phases of the clinical validation of preclinical translational mechanistic research on PDE5 inhibitors since Viagra's advent. A personal perspective. International journal of impotence research 8 30258189
2025 Treg Control of CD80/CD86 Expression Mediates Immune System Homeostasis. European journal of immunology 7 40346769
2020 Bispecific anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 antibody for advanced solid tumors. Pharmaceutical patent analyst 7 32960139
2018 CTLA-4 polymorphisms: influence on transplant-related mortality and survival in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 7 29335768
2000 Influence of the hapten conjugation site on the characteristics of antibodies generated against metabolites of clostebol acetate. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 7 10956161
2025 Current Advances in Immunotherapy Management of Esophageal Cancer. Cancers 6 40075698
2023 Proteome Analysis of the Antiproliferative Activity of the Novel Chitooligosaccharide-Gallic Acid Conjugate against the SW620 Colon Cancer Cell Line. Biomedicines 6 37371778
2023 Management and outcome of COVID-19 in CTLA-4 insufficiency. Blood advances 6 37406177
2022 Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals 6 35254172
2019 Reference Gene Validation for Quantitative Real-time PCR Studies in Amphibian Kidney-derived A6 Epithelial Cells. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA 6 31333044
2025 A Review of Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Landscape and Future Directions. Cancers 4 41097667
2022 Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with coronary in-stent restenosis by integrated bioinformatics approaches. Annals of palliative medicine 4 35144391
2022 A Clathrin light chain A reporter mouse for in vivo imaging of endocytosis. PloS one 4 36149863
2018 Generation of a CLTA reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell line, CRMi001-A-1, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to monitor endogenous clathrin trafficking. Stem cell research 4 30340091
2008 CLTA-4 blockade in vivo promotes the generation of short-lived effector CD8 T cells and a more persistent central memory CD4 T cell response. Journal of medical primatology 4 19187432
2003 Improving the comparative map of porcine chromosome 10 with respect to human chromosomes 1, 9 and 10. Cytogenetic and genome research 4 14970690
2025 GTPase GPN3 facilitates cell proliferation and migration in non-small cell lung cancer by impeding clathrin-mediated endocytosis of EGFR. Cell death discovery 3 39893205
2025 Identification and functional characterization of hub genes CLTA, EDIL3, HAPLN1, and HIP1 as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in thyroid cancer and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Clinical and experimental medicine 3 40372556
2024 Synaptic Vesicle-Related Proteins and Ubiquilin 2 in Cortical Synaptosomes Mediate Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia Rats. Molecular neurobiology 3 38990251
2022 Association of CLTA-4 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetes Mellitus: A Study Based on the Han Population of Northern China. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 3 36091483
2021 A computational study of co-inhibitory immune complex assembly at the interface between T cells and antigen presenting cells. PLoS computational biology 3 33684103
2014 Cloning of cDNAs for H1F0, TOP1, CLTA and CDK1 and the effects of cryopreservation on the expression of their mRNA transcripts in yak (Bos grunniens) oocytes. Cryobiology 3 24854867
2024 A simplified protocol for deep quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid for skeletal maturity indicators. Analytica chimica acta 2 38401943
2024 Early Chronic Fluoxetine Treatment of Ts65Dn Mice Rescues Synaptic Vesicular Deficits and Prevents Aberrant Proteomic Alterations. Genes 2 38674386
2023 Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves' disease in children. Open life sciences 2 37128592
2005 Expression analysis of a cold responsive transcript from trifoliate orange by real-time PCR and RT-PCR. Plant cell reports 2 16151814
2024 Assessment of differentially expressed genes from in vitro matured human oocytes: A bioinformatics approach. JBRA assisted reproduction 1 38801311
1997 Effective introduction of T cell costimulatory molecules into virus modified tumor cell vaccines by modification with bispecific antibodies. International journal of oncology 1 21528289
2026 Optimizing the resolution-fidelity trade-off in SRRF nanoscopy for live-cell clathrin imaging. Acta histochemica 0 41483743
2026 Traumatic Brain Injury and Endocytosis: Reduced Rodent Hippocampal Endocytosis Proteins and Human Clathrin Light Chain Polymorphisms Are Associated with Impaired Neurological Outcomes After TBI. Molecular neurobiology 0 41673368
2025 Identification and validation of TUBB, CLTA, and FBXL5 as potential diagnostic markers of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biomolecules & biomedicine 0 40791155
2025 Molecular Crosstalk Between Osteoporosis and Osteosarcoma: Identification of Common Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets. The journal of gene medicine 0 41236100

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for CLTA? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.