| 1992 |
CLIP-170 links endocytic carrier vesicles to microtubules in vitro; its N-terminal domain contains a novel tandem-repeat motif responsible for microtubule binding, and the protein forms a homodimer with a long central coiled-coil domain connecting the N-terminal microtubule-binding domain to the C-terminal organelle-interacting domain. |
cDNA cloning, in vitro vesicle-microtubule binding assay, domain analysis |
Cell |
High |
1356075
|
| 1994 |
The tandem repeat in the N-terminal domain of CLIP-170 is essential for microtubule binding in vivo; the C-terminal domain is required for anchoring microtubules to peripheral cytoplasmic structures (cargo-binding function), and overexpression of intact CLIP-170 causes microtubule bundling dependent on the C-terminal domain. |
Transient expression of intact and deletion/mutation mutants in HeLa and Vero cells, immunofluorescence |
Journal of cell science |
High |
7983157
|
| 1999 |
CLIP-170 dynamically treadmills on growing microtubule plus ends in vivo at rates matching microtubule elongation (~0.15–0.4 µm/s), highlighting newly polymerized tubulin; microtubule-drug treatment rapidly abolishes this movement, indicating that plus-end association is coupled to active polymerization. |
GFP-CLIP-170 live-cell imaging, fluorescent speckle microscopy, pharmacological perturbation |
Cell |
High |
10052454
|
| 1999 |
CLIP-170 plus-end targeting is closely linked to tubulin polymerization: the N-terminal microtubule-interacting domain alone localizes to plus ends; CLIP-170 associates with newly formed microtubules traced by biotinylated tubulin and cross-links/sediments with non-polymerized tubulin in vitro. |
Biotin-tubulin microinjection, in vitro co-sedimentation, cross-linking, transfection of domain fragments |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
9885247
|
| 1999 |
CLIP-170 recruits dynactin to microtubule plus ends via its C-terminal putative cargo-binding domain; overexpression of p150(Glued) and mutant CLIP-170 forms indicate that CLIP-170 is upstream of dynactin in endosomal cargo loading at microtubule ends. |
Colocalization immunofluorescence, overexpression of wild-type and mutant CLIP-170 and p150(Glued), endosomal trafficking assays |
Molecular biology of the cell |
Medium |
10588646
|
| 1999 |
Dynactin and CLIP-170 colocalize along distal segments of interphase microtubules; dynactin (Arp1 subunit) can be removed from microtubules by dynamitin overexpression without affecting CLIP-170, indicating they use partially distinct microtubule-association mechanisms. |
Multi-antibody immunofluorescence, dynamitin overexpression, temperature-shift experiments |
Journal of cell science |
Medium |
10212138
|
| 1999 |
CLIP-170 is a thin 135-nm homodimer with two kinks in its coiled-coil rod; the N-terminal domain binds microtubules with a stoichiometry of one dimeric head per four tubulin heterodimers; the rod and tail domains reduce microtubule-binding stoichiometry of the full-length protein. |
Purification of authentic CLIP-170, electron microscopy (glycerol spray/rotary shadowing), in vitro microtubule-binding stoichiometry assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10464331
|
| 1998 |
CLIP-170 transiently localizes to prometaphase kinetochores and codistributes with dynein and dynactin there; overexpression of the C-terminal domain displaces endogenous CLIP-170 from kinetochores and causes a prometaphase delay; dynamitin overexpression reduces CLIP-170 at kinetochores, suggesting dynein/dynactin-dependent kinetochore targeting of CLIP-170. |
Immunofluorescence, transient overexpression of C-terminal CLIP-170 fragment, dynamitin overexpression |
The Journal of cell biology |
Medium |
9585405
|
| 2002 |
IQGAP1 (an effector of Rac1/Cdc42) directly interacts with CLIP-170, and activated Rac1/Cdc42, IQGAP1, and CLIP-170 form a tripartite complex. Expression of C-terminal IQGAP1 fragment (containing the CLIP-170 binding region) delocalizes GFP-CLIP-170 from microtubule tips and alters microtubule arrays; IQGAP1 mutant defective in Rac1/Cdc42 binding induces multiple leading edges. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown, GFP live imaging, dominant-negative overexpression in Vero cells |
Cell |
High |
12110184
|
| 2002 |
CLIP-170 directly interacts with LIS1 via the distal zinc finger motif of CLIP-170's C-terminal domain; LIS1 is required for CLIP-170 kinetochore recruitment, and LIS1 acts as a regulated adapter between CLIP-170 and cytoplasmic dynein. Overexpression of CLIP-170 causes zinc finger-dependent co-localization of phospho-LIS1 and dynactin on microtubule bundles. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, colocalization, domain mutant overexpression, indirect immunofluorescence |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
11940666
|
| 2002 |
LIS1 WD-repeat domain overexpression displaces CLIP-170 from kinetochores without affecting dynein/dynactin; LIS1 NH2-terminal overexpression displaces endogenous LIS1 with no effect on CLIP-170, dynein, or dynactin; dynamitin overexpression removes both CLIP-170 and LIS1. LIS1 interacts directly with dynein heavy chain (AAA1 domain) and intermediate chain, and with dynamitin. |
Co-expression/co-immunoprecipitation, two-hybrid assay, domain overexpression, immunofluorescence |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
11889140
|
| 2002 |
FRAP/mTOR interacts with CLIP-170 and phosphorylates it in vitro at rapamycin-sensitive sites; rapamycin inhibits CLIP-170 binding to microtubules in vivo, indicating that mTOR-mediated phosphorylation positively regulates CLIP-170 microtubule-binding activity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, rapamycin treatment, microtubule-binding assay |
EMBO reports |
High |
12231510
|
| 2003 |
CLIP-170 interacts with dynactin via the second metal-binding (zinc finger) motif of its C-terminal tail, and with EB1 via a mechanism requiring neither metal-binding motif; these interactions are separable, and CLIP-170 can target dynactin to microtubule plus ends independently of EB1. |
Site-directed mutagenesis, transfection/colocalization assay in mammalian cells |
Cell motility and the cytoskeleton |
Medium |
12789661
|
| 2004 |
CLIP-170 N-terminal domain (H2) promotes microtubule rescues and stimulates nucleation in vitro; by cryo-EM, H2 induces tubulin ring formation in solution and curved oligomers at microtubule plus ends, suggesting CLIP-170 copolymerizes with tubulin and modulates dynamics through tubulin-oligomer intermediates. |
In vitro microtubule dynamics assay (pure tubulin + centrosomes), electron cryomicroscopy |
Current biology : CB |
High |
15589150
|
| 2004 |
CLIP-170 undergoes an intramolecular autoinhibitory interaction between its N-terminal microtubule-binding domain (first metal-binding motif) and its C-terminal domain, as shown by scanning force microscopy and FRET. This intramolecular folding reduces MT-binding. The NH2 terminus of p150(Glued) binds the CLIP-170 C-terminus (second metal-binding motif); p150(Glued) and LIS1 compete for binding to the CLIP-170 C-terminus. RNAi depletion of CLIP-170 strongly reduces dynactin accumulation at MT tips. |
Scanning force microscopy, FRET, RNAi knockdown, direct binding assays (GST pulldown/co-IP), immunofluorescence |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
15381688
|
| 2005 |
CLIP-170 has stronger affinity for tubulin dimer than polymer and can distinguish GTP- from GDP-tubulin; the second CAP-Gly domain with adjacent serine-rich region is the minimal plus-end tracking unit capable of both +TIP behavior in vivo and tubulin polymerization promotion in vitro, whereas the first CAP-Gly domain alone is incompetent for either activity. |
In vitro biochemistry (sedimentation, affinity assays), live-cell imaging of CLIP-170 CAP-Gly domain fragments |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
16120651
|
| 2005 |
CLIP-170 localizes dynamically to the outermost part of unattached kinetochores and to growing microtubule ends; RNAi depletion of CLIP-170 causes defective chromosome congression and diminished kinetochore-microtubule attachments without detectably affecting microtubule dynamics or k-fiber stability. |
High-resolution immunofluorescence, RNAi depletion, live-cell imaging |
The EMBO journal |
Medium |
16362039
|
| 2005 |
CLIP-170 is essential for male fertility and spermatogenesis; in spermatids it associates with the manchette and centrosomes and transitions from a mobile plus-end tracking protein to a relatively immobile structural protein, indicating a structural role in spermatid differentiation and sperm head shaping. |
CLIP-170 knockout and GFP knock-in mice, live testis imaging, FRAP |
Genes & development |
High |
16230537
|
| 2006 |
EB1 is required for plus-end localization of CLIP-170, which in turn is required to localize p150(Glued) to plus ends; CLIP-170 depletion causes defects in microtubule dynamics and cell polarization after scratch wounding. However, removal of p150(Glued) from plus ends by EB1 or CLIP-170 depletion does not affect organelle distribution or membrane traffic, indicating that CLIP-170/p150(Glued) plus-end function is not required for general membrane trafficking. |
RNAi depletion (EB1, CLIP-170, p150Glued), immunofluorescence, membrane trafficking assays (transferrin uptake, ER-Golgi transport), live-cell imaging |
Journal of cell science |
High |
16772339
|
| 2008 |
CLIP-170 requires EB1 for microtubule plus-end tracking; reconstituted in vitro at single-molecule resolution, EB1 autonomously tracks growing ends while CLIP-170 alone shows lattice diffusion and fails to selectively track ends. EB1 addition is both necessary and sufficient to mediate CLIP-170 plus-end tracking. GTP hydrolysis is required for end-specificity. |
In vitro reconstitution with TIRF single-molecule microscopy, pharmacological (GMPCPP) perturbation |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
19126680
|
| 2008 |
EB1 autonomously recognizes specific binding sites at growing microtubule ends; CLIP-170 does not end-track by itself but requires EB1 and recognizes composite binding sites constituted by end-accumulated EB1 and tyrosinated α-tubulin; unlike fission yeast Tip1, mammalian CLIP-170 end-tracking does not require motor activity. |
In vitro reconstitution with purified proteins, TIRF microscopy, tubulin tyrosination manipulation |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
19103809
|
| 2008 |
GFP-CLIP-170 turns over rapidly on microtubule plus ends (rate-limited by diffusion); growing microtubule ends contain a surplus of relatively low-affinity CLIP-170 binding sites. The apparent comet fluorescence loss does not reflect single-molecule behavior but overall structural changes at the MT end. |
Quantitative fluorescence microscopy, FRAP, single-molecule analysis of GFP-CLIP-170 and GFP-EB3 |
The Journal of cell biology |
Medium |
18283108
|
| 2008 |
CLIP-170 is specifically required for efficient CR3/αMβ2-integrin-triggered phagocytosis in macrophages; it directly interacts with the formin homology 2 (FH2) domain of mDia1 via a direct protein-protein interaction, controls mDia1 recruitment to phagocytic cups, and thereby regulates actin polymerization essential for phagocytosis. This interaction is negatively regulated during αMβ2-mediated phagocytosis. |
RNAi knockdown, dominant-negative expression, direct binding assay, immunofluorescence, phagocytosis assay |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
19114595
|
| 2008 |
Dynein, Lis1, and CLIP-170 counteract Eg5-dependent centrosome separation during bipolar spindle assembly; CLIP-170 depletion allows spindle bipolarity with less Eg5 activity, a function mediated through CLIP-170's interaction with dynein (not shared by CLIP-115, which lacks the dynein-dynactin interaction domain). |
RNAi depletion in human cells, spindle bipolarity assay, Eg5 inhibitor (monastrol) titration |
The EMBO journal |
Medium |
19020519
|
| 2009 |
CLIP-170 initiates minus-end-directed transport of membrane organelles (melanosomes) in Xenopus melanophores by capturing organelles at growing microtubule plus ends; inhibition of MT dynamics or loss of CLIP-170 from MT tips dramatically inhibits pigment aggregation. |
Live-cell imaging in Xenopus melanophores, MT dynamics inhibition, CLIP-170 dominant-negative expression |
Developmental cell |
High |
19758557
|
| 2009 |
CLIP-170 binds to both α-tubulin and β-tubulin (not only the acidic C-terminal tails) including H12 helices of both tubulins, as shown by chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry. CLIP-170 can use its multiple tubulin-binding sites to bind EB1 and microtubules simultaneously. |
Chemical cross-linking, mass spectrometry, in vitro binding assays |
Journal of molecular biology |
Medium |
19913027
|
| 2010 |
AMPK directly phosphorylates CLIP-170; phosphorylation is required for proper microtubule dynamics and directional cell migration. Non-phosphorylatable CLIP-170 causes prolonged MT-tip accumulation and slower tubulin polymerization; these phenotypes are rescued by phosphomimetic CLIP-170. AMPK inhibition impairs MT stabilization and directional migration, also rescued by phosphomimetic CLIP-170. |
In vitro kinase assay, expression of phosphomimetic/non-phosphorylatable CLIP-170 mutants, live-cell microtubule imaging, cell migration assay (wound healing) |
Nature cell biology |
High |
20495555
|
| 2010 |
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) phosphorylates CLIP-170 at S195, and casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates it at S1318; Plk1 phosphorylation enhances CLIP-170 association with CK2; CK2 phosphorylation is required for CLIP-170 interaction with dynactin and kinetochore localization. Both phosphorylation events are required for timely formation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments. |
In vitro kinase assay, phospho-site mapping, co-immunoprecipitation, expression of phosphomutants, kinetochore-fiber assay |
The EMBO journal |
High |
20664522
|
| 2009 |
Cdc2 (CDK1) phosphorylates CLIP-170 at Thr287 in vivo; expression of non-phosphorylatable T287A causes CLIP-170 mislocalization, accumulation of Plk1 and cyclin B, and G2/M block; depletion of CLIP-170 leads to centrosome reduplication, and Cdc2 phosphorylation of CLIP-170 is required to prevent it. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo phosphorylation assay, T287A phosphomutant expression, centrosome counting, cell cycle analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
19687009
|
| 2011 |
CLIP-170 and IQGAP1 cooperatively regulate dendrite morphology in neurons; mTOR kinase interacts with CLIP-170 and is required for efficient formation of a CLIP-170/IQGAP1 complex; dynamic microtubules, CLIP-170, and IQGAP1 are required for proper dendritic arbor morphology and PI3K-mTOR-induced dendritic complexity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi knockdown, live-cell imaging of dendritic dynamics, morphometric analysis in rat neurons |
The Journal of neuroscience |
Medium |
21430156
|
| 2011 |
EB1 and a minimal CLIP-170 fragment (ClipCG12 with two non-interacting CAP-Gly domains) cooperatively regulate microtubule dynamic instability; together at 250 nM they modulate dynamics and deplete stably bound Pi at microtubule ends, suggesting they modify the stabilizing GTP cap by cooperative action. |
In vitro microtubule dynamics assay, SAXS, analytical ultracentrifugation, [γ-32P]GTP pulsing |
Biochemistry |
High |
22424550
|
| 2013 |
Pregnenolone (P5) directly binds CLIP-170 at its coiled-coil domain, changing it to an extended (active) conformation that increases CLIP-170 interactions with microtubules, dynactin p150(Glued), and LIS1, promoting CLIP-170-dependent microtubule polymerization and cell migration. |
Photoaffinity probe capture from embryonic extract, direct binding assay, conformational analysis, in vivo zebrafish epiboly assay, mammalian cell migration assay |
Nature chemical biology |
High |
23955365
|
| 2014 |
CLIP-170 colocalizes with PLK1 at kinetochores during early mitosis; CLIP-170 depletion reduces PLK1 kinetochore recruitment, causing kinetochore-fiber instability and chromosome misalignment. CDK1-dependent phosphorylation at T287 is required: non-phosphorylatable T287A fails to restore PLK1 kinetochore localization or rescue chromosome alignment defects. |
RNAi depletion, immunofluorescence, phosphomutant (T287A) rescue assay, kinetochore-fiber stability assay |
Journal of cell science |
High |
24777477
|
| 2014 |
LRRK1 phosphorylates CLIP-170 at Thr1384 in its C-terminal zinc knuckle motif; this promotes CLIP-170 association with dynein-dynactin complexes and causes accumulation of p150(Glued) at microtubule plus ends, thereby facilitating migration of EGFR-containing endosomes. |
In vitro kinase assay, phospho-site mapping, co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell EGFR trafficking assay |
Journal of cell science |
High |
25413345
|
| 2014 |
Plk1 phosphorylates CLIP-170 at Ser312 during mitosis; in vitro phosphorylation by Plk1 diminishes CLIP-170 binding to microtubule ends and lattice without affecting EB3 binding; proper Ser312 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycling is required for stable kinetochore-microtubule attachment and chromosome alignment. |
In vitro kinase/binding assay with purified CLIP-170 N-terminal fragment, phospho-site mapping, mitotic phenotype analysis with phosphomutants |
Cell structure and function |
High |
24451569
|
| 2015 |
CLIP-170 at microtubule plus ends is required to initiate retrograde transport of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) particles in primary human cells; CLIP-170 functions in a +TIP complex with EB1 and DCTN1 to capture incoming virus particles. Depletion of CLIP-170 completely blocks long-range retrograde transport and suppresses infection ~5000-fold without affecting transferrin uptake or dynein-dependent organelle movement. |
RNAi depletion, dominant-negative expression, live-cell imaging, infection assay in primary human cells |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
26504169
|
| 2016 |
CLIP-170 phosphorylation and α-tubulin tyrosination cooperatively control initiation of dynein-driven retrograde transport in the distal axon; CLIP-170 primarily regulates the time to microtubule encounter, while tyrosination of the lattice regulates the probability of binding. |
In vitro single-molecule reconstitution, live-cell transport assay in primary neurons, computational simulation, pharmacological manipulation of tubulin PTMs |
Cell reports |
High |
26972003
|
| 2017 |
CLIP-170 is required for redeployment of ninein from centrosomes to non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centres (n-MTOCs) during epithelial differentiation, thereby enabling apico-basal microtubule array formation; IQGAP1 and active Rac1 cooperate with CLIP-170 in this process. Confirmed using CLIP-170/CLIP-115 double KO intestinal tissue and organoids. |
RNAi depletion, KO mouse tissue (Clip1/Clip2 double KO), organoid culture, immunofluorescence |
Open biology |
High |
28179500
|
| 2017 |
CLIP170 interacts with the TLR2/TLR4 adaptor TIRAP, induces its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, and thereby negatively regulates TLR4-mediated proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α) production in macrophages. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression/knockdown (siRNA), ubiquitination assay, cytokine ELISA, in vivo siRNA delivery in mice |
Journal of immunology |
Medium |
29222167
|
| 2018 |
CLIP-170 contains multiple EB1-binding modules in its N-terminal region: two CAP-Gly domains (engaging EB1's C-terminal EEY motif only), a bridging SXIP motif, and an array of divergent SXIP-like motifs N-terminal to the first CAP-Gly domain. These modules act multivalently to strengthen the CLIP-170-EB1 interaction. |
Isothermal titration calorimetry, size-exclusion chromatography, mutagenesis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
30455356
|
| 2018 |
CLIP-170 phosphorylation (by AMPK) is essential for MTOC repositioning to the immunological synapse during T cell activation; T cell stimulation induces dynein co-localization with CLIP-170 and plus-end tracking, and phosphorylated CLIP-170 is required for dynein recruitment to plus-end tracking and subsequent dynein relocation to the contact surface. |
Fluorescence imaging, CLIP-170 phosphorylation inhibition (dominant-negative AMPK/phosphomutant), single-molecule tracking of dynein |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
30487641
|
| 2019 |
CLIP-170 associates with MT plus ends to coordinate recycling and outward transport of Met RTK-containing endosomes (Rab4-positive); HGF stimulation induces GGA3 and CLIP-170 recruitment to an activated Met RTK complex, and CLIP-170 is required for net outward movement of Met-positive vesicles toward the cell cortex and lamellipodia. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging, dominant-negative CLIP-170, RNAi knockdown, endosome trafficking assay |
Traffic |
Medium |
30537020
|
| 2020 |
JNK directly phosphorylates CLIP-170 in its microtubule-binding domain upon cell stress, increasing CLIP-170's rescue-promoting activity; phosphomimetic CLIP-170 enhances rescue events in vitro and in cells, and increases CLIP-170 remnant occurrence on the microtubule lattice at potential future rescue sites. |
In vitro kinase assay, in vitro microtubule dynamics assay, phosphomimetic/non-phosphorylatable mutants, live-cell imaging |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
32491151
|
| 2020 |
AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of CLIP-170 at Ser311 regulates microtubule turnover at intercalated disks in cardiomyocytes; inhibition of this phosphorylation (S311A transgenic mice) causes MT accumulation at intercalated disks, cardiomyocyte elongation, and progressive decline in cardiac contraction. |
CLIP-170 S311A transgenic mouse, time-lapse imaging, pharmacological (MYK-461) modulation of AMPK localization |
EMBO reports |
High |
33251722
|
| 2021 |
CLIP-170 directly interacts with TIRAP (TLR adaptor) and CLIP-170 induces TIRAP ubiquitination and degradation, negatively regulating TLR4 signaling; TFPI2 inhibits CLIP-170-mediated TIRAP ubiquitination by binding the CLIP-170 R24 residue of TFPI2's KD1 domain, and HOPE (hypothermic oxygenated perfusion) exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the TFPI2/CLIP-170/TIRAP axis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, rat liver IRI model, Western blot |
Experimental & molecular medicine |
Medium |
39617791
|
| 2021 |
DCTN1 (dynactin-1) competes with CLIP-170 for binding to incoming HIV-1 particles; outside its dynactin role, DCTN1 functions as a +TIP that sequesters CLIP-170 from viral cores, inhibiting early HIV-1 infection. Deletion of the zinc knuckle domain of CLIP-170 increases its binding to virus particles but does not promote infection, indicating this Zn domain mediates a critical proviral CLIP-170 function blocked by DCTN1. |
RNAi knockdown of DCTN1, CLIP-170 Zn-domain deletion mutant, virus particle co-immunoprecipitation, infectivity assay |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Medium |
34686593
|
| 2021 |
SOCS3 interacts with CLIP-170 (and CLASP2) via its N-terminal domain; the SOCS3-CLIP-170/CLASP2 complex is essential for maximal anti-inflammatory SOCS3 effects in lung endothelium. Knockdown of CLIP-170 impairs SOCS3-JAK2 interaction and abolishes SOCS3's protective effects against IL-6 and bacterial pathogen-induced barrier dysfunction. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, endothelial cell KD, EC-specific SOCS3 KO mice, lung permeability/inflammation assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
33372035
|
| 2022 |
The CLIP-170 N-terminal domain directly binds filamentous actin (F-actin) with relatively weak affinity; the F-actin-binding region overlaps with the microtubule-binding region; in vitro competition assays show that CLIP-170-F-actin and CLIP-170-MT interactions are mutually exclusive. |
High-speed co-sedimentation assays, CLIP-170 fragment/mutant analysis, in vitro competition assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
35283190
|
| 2021 |
Overexpression of CLIP-170 in cells induces large patch structures with hallmarks of biomolecular condensates (phase-separated liquid droplets): they contain CLIP-170 and other +TIP network proteins, are dynamic by FRAP, and exclude other known condensate markers; bioinformatic analysis confirms conserved intrinsically disordered regions in key +TIPs. |
Video microscopy, immunofluorescence, FRAP, bioinformatic disorder prediction |
PloS one |
Medium |
34890409
|