Affinage

MAPRE3

Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 3 · UniProt Q9UPY8

Length
281 aa
Mass
32.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
86 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MAPRE3 (EB3) is a microtubule plus-end tracking protein (+TIP) that autonomously recognizes growing microtubule ends, undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation to recruit tubulin and nucleate polymerization, and serves as a scaffold linking microtubule dynamics to diverse cellular processes including neuronal morphogenesis, ciliogenesis, cytokinesis, and endothelial barrier function. EB3 directly binds partners such as CLIP-170, MCAK, drebrin, ankyrin G, IP3R3, and STIM2 through SxIP-type and other motifs, thereby coupling microtubule plus-end dynamics to F-actin remodeling in growth cones and filopodia, axon initial segment maintenance, calcium signaling, and dendritic spine stability (PMID:12684451, PMID:18806788, PMID:21551097, PMID:26119739, PMID:29247211). Its activity is regulated by Aurora B phosphorylation at Ser-176 (stabilizing EB3 during mitosis by blocking SIAH-1-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation) and by calcineurin-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-162 (destabilizing the EB3 dimer to suppress microtubule growth and promote adherens junction assembly) (PMID:19696028, PMID:23159740, PMID:23712260). EB3 is required for myoblast fusion during myogenesis, primary cilia assembly, neuritogenesis in cortical neurons, and regulation of vascular permeability, and its liquid-phase condensates exhibit higher tubulin-recruiting capacity than EB1, especially in cooperation with CLIP-170 (PMID:17658256, PMID:21768326, PMID:34478582, PMID:41135671).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Identification of EB3 as a CNS-enriched EB1 family member that binds APCL established it as a neuronally relevant microtubule-associated protein, but left its subcellular behavior and autonomous function unknown.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid screen and confocal colocalization in transfected cells

    PMID:10644998

    Open questions at the time
    • No demonstration of plus-end tracking
    • Functional consequence of APCL binding not tested
    • Expression outside CNS not systematically characterized
  2. 2003 High

    Live imaging of EB3-GFP in neurons demonstrated that EB3 is a bona fide plus-end tracking protein and revealed mixed microtubule polarity in dendrites, establishing EB3 as a tool and functional player in neuronal microtubule dynamics.

    Evidence Live-cell imaging of EB3-GFP in cultured hippocampal neurons and comparison with glia/COS-1 cells

    PMID:12684451

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of plus-end recognition not determined
    • Functional consequence of EB3 depletion in neurons not yet tested
  3. 2005 High

    Demonstrating that EB3 directly binds CLIP-170/CLIP-115 and controls their dissociation kinetics at microtubule tips established EB3 as a scaffold that recruits other +TIPs, answering how CLIPs reach growing ends.

    Evidence RNAi depletion of EB1/EB3, direct binding assays, live-cell imaging of CLIP dynamics

    PMID:16148041

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of EB1 vs EB3 to CLIP recruitment not fully resolved
    • Structural basis of the C-terminal tyrosine-dependent interaction not determined
  4. 2007 High

    The finding that EB3 (but not EB1) is specifically required for myoblast elongation and fusion, dependent on two residues in its calponin-like domain, revealed a non-redundant function for EB3 in differentiation-coupled cytoskeletal remodeling.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, EB1/EB3 chimera rescue, myoblast differentiation assay

    PMID:17658256

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream effector of the calponin-like domain in myogenesis not identified
    • In vivo muscle phenotype not assessed
  5. 2008 High

    Discovery that drebrin directly binds EB3 at microtubule–actin intersections in growth cone filopodia established a molecular link between the two cytoskeletal systems required for neurite extension.

    Evidence Pull-down binding assay, live-cell imaging, dominant-negative disruption, neuritogenesis assay

    PMID:18806788

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural details of the drebrin-EB3 interface not resolved
    • Whether this link operates in mature synapses not yet tested
  6. 2009 High

    Identification of Aurora B–dependent Ser-176 phosphorylation that blocks SIAH-1-mediated EB3 ubiquitination revealed how EB3 protein levels are temporally controlled during mitosis, linking +TIP regulation to cell cycle progression.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry

    PMID:19696028

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other E3 ligases target EB3 outside mitosis unknown
    • Phosphatase that reverses Ser-176 phosphorylation not identified
  7. 2010 High

    In vitro reconstitution showing EB3 recruits MCAK to plus ends and enhances catastrophe frequency without altering growth velocity resolved how +TIP scaffolding can selectively tune one parameter of microtubule dynamics.

    Evidence TIRF microscopy-based reconstitution with purified EB3 and MCAK on dynamic microtubules

    PMID:20850319

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of EB3-MCAK coupling not tested
    • Whether EB1 produces the same catastrophe enhancement not compared in the same assay
  8. 2011 High

    Three studies collectively expanded EB3's functional repertoire: binding to ankyrin G concentrates EB3 at the axon initial segment for AIS maintenance; EB3 is required for primary cilia assembly by anchoring microtubule minus ends at basal bodies; and PSD-95 interaction modulates EB3 comet dynamics in dendrites to regulate dendritogenesis.

    Evidence Direct binding assays, ankG/EB3 knockdown in neurons, RNAi/dominant-negative disruption of ciliogenesis with EM, PSD-95 co-IP and comet imaging

    PMID:21248129 PMID:21551097 PMID:21768326

    Open questions at the time
    • How EB3 switches between plus-end tracking and stable AIS accumulation not mechanistically explained
    • Whether EB3 and EB1 are redundant in ciliogenesis not fully resolved
    • PSD-95 interaction confirmed only by co-IP in single lab
  9. 2012 High

    Identification of calcineurin-dependent Ser-162 phosphorylation as a switch that destabilizes the EB3 dimer and suppresses microtubule growth established how Ca2+ signaling downstream of VE-cadherin controls EB3 to enable adherens junction assembly in endothelial cells.

    Evidence Phospho-mutant analysis, Ca2+ imaging, endothelial permeability assay, live-cell imaging

    PMID:23159740

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Ser-162 phosphorylation operates in non-endothelial cell types unknown
    • Crystal structure of phospho-EB3 dimer disruption not available
  10. 2013 High

    Spatially restricted Aurora B phosphorylation of EB3 at the midbody was shown to control cortical microtubule growth and focal adhesion stabilization during mitotic exit, specifying a site-specific role for EB3 in cytokinesis.

    Evidence Phospho-specific antibody, live-cell imaging, mutagenesis, RNAi

    PMID:23712260

    Open questions at the time
    • How phospho-EB3 at the midbody affects focal adhesion dynamics mechanistically unclear
    • Redundancy with EB1 at the midbody not excluded
  11. 2015 High

    EB3 was shown to bind IP3R3 via an SxIP motif and mediate its clustering for Ca2+ release in endothelial cells; endothelial-specific EB3 knockout mice were protected from thrombin-induced vascular permeability, establishing an in vivo non-redundant role for EB3 in vascular barrier regulation.

    Evidence SxIP motif mutation, siRNA, Ca2+ imaging, MLC phosphorylation, endothelial-specific knockout mice

    PMID:26119739

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether EB3-IP3R3 coupling operates in non-endothelial tissues unknown
    • Structural basis of IP3R3 clustering by EB3 not resolved
  12. 2017 Medium

    Multiple studies revealed EB3's roles at Golgi-anchored microtubules (with myomegalin and CAMSAP2 for minus-end organization), in STIM2-dependent mushroom spine maintenance in hippocampal neurons, and in drebrin-dependent prostate cancer invasion, broadening the functional scope of EB3 scaffolding.

    Evidence CRISPR KO of EB2/EB3, co-IP, live imaging, STIM2-SxIP mutagenesis, spine morphology in AD model, 3D invasion assays with dominant-negative constructs

    PMID:28319065 PMID:28814570 PMID:29247211

    Open questions at the time
    • STIM2-EB3 interaction validated only by co-IP in single lab
    • Whether EB3 is rate-limiting for Golgi-MT tethering vs EB1 not resolved
    • Drebrin-EB3 role in cancer invasion not validated in vivo
  13. 2019 Medium

    EB3 upregulation after cocaine withdrawal in the nucleus accumbens was shown to increase motivation for cocaine and alter spine morphology through interaction with SRCIN1/SRC signaling, linking EB3-dependent cytoskeletal plasticity to addiction-related behavior.

    Evidence Viral overexpression, synaptoneurosome fractionation, spine morphology analysis, behavioral assay in rats

    PMID:31092585

    Open questions at the time
    • EB3-SRCIN1 interaction mechanism not biochemically characterized
    • Whether EB3 loss-of-function blocks incubation of craving not tested
  14. 2021 High

    CRISPR-based EB3 deletion in cortical neurons showed that EB3 (not EB1) is selectively required for dynamic microtubule entry into filopodia and neuritogenesis, with EB3 positioned more proximally on plus ends to enable continuous microtubule-to-actin coupling via drebrin.

    Evidence CRISPR knockout, pharmacological inhibition, live-cell EB3-GFP tracking, overexpression rescue

    PMID:34478582

    Open questions at the time
    • How proximal vs distal plus-end positioning of EB3 vs EB1 is determined molecularly unknown
    • In vivo cortical neuritogenesis phenotype not assessed
  15. 2023 High

    Therapeutic targeting of the EB3-IP3R3 interaction with a peptide inhibitor (CIPRI) validated this axis as a druggable node: CIPRI prevented Ca2+ release, VE-cadherin disassembly, and improved survival in sepsis/ARDS mouse models.

    Evidence Peptide inhibitor design, in vitro binding disruption, Ca2+ imaging, mouse ARDS/sepsis models

    PMID:37290041

    Open questions at the time
    • Pharmacokinetics and off-target effects of CIPRI not fully characterized
    • Whether disruption of EB3-IP3R3 has adverse effects on normal vascular physiology unknown
  16. 2025 High

    EB3 undergoes LLPS with higher propensity than EB1, driven partly by histidine residues in its N-terminal domain; EB3 condensates recruit tubulin and nucleate microtubule polymerization more effectively than EB1, especially with CLIP-170, revealing phase separation as a mechanism underlying EB3's distinct scaffolding capacity.

    Evidence In vitro LLPS reconstitution, histidine mutagenesis, tubulin recruitment and polymerization assays

    PMID:41135671

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether LLPS occurs at endogenous EB3 concentrations in cells not demonstrated
    • How phase separation integrates with phospho-regulation at Ser-162 and Ser-176 unknown
    • Structural basis for histidine-driven condensation not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include how EB3 phase separation is regulated in vivo, the structural basis for EB3's distinct partner selectivity versus EB1, and whether EB3's roles in vascular permeability and neuronal morphogenesis converge on shared downstream signaling mechanisms.
  • No high-resolution structure of full-length EB3 or EB3-partner complexes
  • In vivo phenotype of constitutive EB3 knockout in nervous system not reported
  • Integration of phosphorylation, LLPS, and partner binding into a unified regulatory model lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 6 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 5
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 5 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1 GO:0005929 cilium 1
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 2
Partners
ANK3CLIP1DBN1ITPR3KIF2CMMGSIAH1STIM2
Complex memberships
EB3-CLIP-170 complexEB3-drebrin complexEB3-myomegalin-CAMSAP2 Golgi tether

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 EB3 (MAPRE3) is a novel member of the EB1 family preferentially expressed in the central nervous system that associates with the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds directly to APCL (a CNS-specific APC homologue) via its carboxyl region, as identified by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed by confocal microscopy showing co-localization at the perinucleus and cytoplasmic microtubule network. Yeast two-hybrid screen, confocal microscopy, cDNA cloning Oncogene Medium 10644998
2003 EB3-GFP (MAPRE3) localizes specifically to the ends of growing microtubules (plus-end tracking) in neurons, enabling visualization of microtubule growth; microtubules in neurons grow slower than in glia/COS-1 cells, and in proximal dendrites ~65% of EB3-GFP movements are anterograde vs. ~35% retrograde, reflecting the mixed microtubule polarity in dendrites. Live-cell imaging of EB3-GFP in cultured neurons, immunofluorescence of fixed neurons The Journal of neuroscience High 12684451
2005 EB3 (and EB1) directly bind CLIP-170 and CLIP-115 via the C-terminal tyrosine residue of EB proteins; depletion of EB1 and EB3 by RNAi accelerates CLIP dissociation from microtubule tips, while EB3/EB1 normally control the kinetics of CLIP dissociation from growing microtubule ends. RNA interference, direct binding assay, live-cell imaging of CLIP dynamics, EB1 mutant rescue experiments Molecular biology of the cell High 16148041
2007 EB3 is specifically upregulated upon myogenic differentiation; knockdown of EB3 (but not EB1) prevents myoblast elongation and fusion into myotubes, impairs microtubule dynamics regulation and microtubule capture at the cell cortex; two specific amino acids in the calponin-like domain of EB3 are required for myoblast fusion. siRNA knockdown, live-cell imaging, EB1/EB3 chimera expression, myoblast differentiation assay Current biology High 17658256
2007 DDA3 (a p53 downstream target) directly binds EB3 (MAPRE3); the interaction requires intact microtubules in cells and maps to amino acids 118-241 and 242-329 of DDA3 and the N- and C-termini of EB3; DDA3 and EB3 cooperate for microtubule binding in vitro; ectopic expression of DDA3 and EB3 enhances beta-catenin-dependent transactivation and cyclin D1 production. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro microtubule binding assay, immunofluorescence Oncogene Medium 17310996
2008 Drebrin (an F-actin-associated protein) binds directly to EB3 (MAPRE3); in growth cones this interaction occurs specifically when drebrin is on F-actin in the proximal filopodia and EB3 is at microtubule plus-tips invading filopodia; disruption of this interaction impairs growth cone formation and neurite extension. Direct binding assay (pull-down), live-cell imaging, dominant-negative disruption, neuritogenesis assay Nature cell biology High 18806788
2009 EB3 (MAPRE3) stability is regulated during the cell cycle: SIAH-1 ubiquitin ligase mediates EB3 polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation; Aurora-A and Aurora-B kinases phosphorylate EB3 at Ser-176, which disrupts the EB3-SIAH-1 complex and stabilizes EB3 during mitosis; EB3 facilitates cell cycle progression at prometaphase. Ubiquitination assay, in vitro kinase assay, co-immunoprecipitation, SIAH-1 knockdown, flow cytometry for cell cycle The Journal of biological chemistry High 19696028
2010 EB3 (MAPRE3) directly interacts with MCAK (a kinesin-13 microtubule depolymerase) and targets MCAK to growing microtubule plus ends by increasing MCAK's association rate with tips; EB3 addition restores robust microtubule growth that is otherwise blocked by MCAK alone; EB3-dependent MCAK plus-end accumulation enhances MCAK-induced catastrophes without altering growth or shortening velocity. In vitro reconstitution of dynamic microtubule dynamics, direct protein interaction assays, TIRF microscopy Current biology High 20850319
2011 EB3 (MAPRE3) directly interacts with the axon initial segment (AIS) scaffold protein ankyrin G (ankG); in mature neurons EB3 is concentrated and stabilized in the AIS beyond its canonical plus-end tracking behavior; EB3 (and EB1) participate in AIS maintenance, and ankG knockdown leads to cell-wide upregulation of EB3 comets. Direct binding assay (pull-down), co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging, ankG knockdown, immunofluorescence Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 21551097
2011 EB3 (and EB1, but not EB2) are required for assembly of primary cilia; cells lacking EB1 or EB3 show defective microtubule minus-end anchoring at the centrosome/basal body and abnormally short cilia stumps; EB1 and EB3 interact with proteins implicated in MT minus-end anchoring and vesicular trafficking to the cilia base; EB3 localizes to the tip of motile cilia and affects centriole-associated rootlet filament formation. Protein depletion (RNAi), dominant-negative constructs, electron microscopy, live imaging, GST pull-down, mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation Journal of cell science High 21768326
2011 PSD-95 interacts with EB3 (MAPRE3) via the SH3 domain of PSD-95 binding a proline-rich region within EB3; PSD-95 overexpression decreases the lifetime of EB3 comets in dendrites, results in less organized microtubules at dendritic branch points, and decreases dendritogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging of EB3 comets, overexpression in neurons The Journal of neuroscience Medium 21248129
2012 VE-cadherin homophilic adhesion loss activates Src and PLCγ2, triggering Ca2+ release, calcineurin activation, and phosphorylation of EB3 (MAPRE3) at serine 162; this phospho-switch destabilizes the EB3 dimer, suppresses microtubule growth, and is required for assembly of adherens junctions; a phospho-defective S162A EB3 mutant instead promotes MT growth and disassembles AJs. Phospho-specific mutagenesis, Ca2+ imaging, endothelial permeability assay, siRNA depletion, co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging Molecular cell High 23159740
2012 Drebrin-E and EB3 form a complex with myosin IIB and βII-spectrin at the subapical region of columnar epithelial cells; depletion of drebrin E disrupts EB3 apical accumulation; depletion of EB3 produces a cell elongation phenotype similar to drebrin-E depletion, without affecting actin-myosin distribution, indicating that the drebrin-E/EB3 complex connects F-actin and microtubule networks during epithelial morphogenesis. siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy Journal of cell science Medium 22275434
2013 Aurora B kinase phosphorylates EB3 (MAPRE3) at serine 176 specifically at the midbody; phosphorylated EB3 controls cortical microtubule growth; unphosphorylated EB3 is required for stabilization of focal adhesions and daughter cell spreading during mitotic exit; EB3 also promotes midbody microtubule stability for efficient cytokinesis. Aurora B kinase assay, phospho-specific antibodies, live-cell imaging, RNAi knockdown, mutagenesis The Journal of cell biology High 23712260
2015 EB3 (MAPRE3) binds to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) through an S/TxIP EB-binding motif; in endothelial cells, EB3 mediates the clustering of IP3R3s in response to α-thrombin, enabling effective Ca2+ signaling; depletion of EB3 or mutation of the TxIP motif of IP3R3 prevents Ca2+ release and Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain phosphorylation; endothelial-specific EB3 knockout in mice abrogates α-thrombin-induced increase in vascular permeability. Binding motif identification, siRNA depletion, Ca2+ imaging, myosin light chain phosphorylation assay, endothelial-specific knockout mice, permeability assay Cell reports High 26119739
2017 EB3 (MAPRE3) and EB1 form a complex with myomegalin at Golgi membranes, acting as membrane-microtubule tethers; CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of EB2 and EB3 (and C-terminal EB1) reduces CAMSAP2-decorated microtubule minus-end stretch lengths, detaches microtubules from Golgi membranes, makes the Golgi more compact, and perturbs cell migration, polarity, and focal adhesion distribution. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging, electron microscopy The Journal of cell biology High 28814570
2017 STIM2 forms a Ca2+-dependent complex with EB3 (MAPRE3) via a Ser-x-Ile-Pro (SxIP) amino acid motif; disruption of STIM2-EB3 interaction causes loss of mushroom spines in hippocampal neurons; EB3 overexpression restores mushroom spine deficiency in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model (PS1-M146V-KI), while STIM2 overexpression cannot restore spines after EB3 knockdown. Co-immunoprecipitation, SxIP motif mutation, shRNA knockdown, overexpression, spine morphology quantification in hippocampal neurons and AD mouse model Scientific reports Medium 29247211
2017 The drebrin/EB3 pathway drives prostate cancer cell invasion; drebrin co-localizes with EB3 and actin/dynamic microtubules in filopodia of invading prostate cancer cells; gain- or loss-of-function of drebrin or EB3 increases or decreases invasion in 3D assays; a dominant-negative construct competing with EB3 binding to drebrin inhibits invasion. siRNA knockdown, overexpression, dominant-negative construct, 3D invasion assay, immunofluorescence Oncogene Medium 28319065
2019 In the nucleus accumbens (NAc), EB3 (MAPRE3) levels are increased after 30 days of cocaine withdrawal; EB3 overexpression increases motivation to consume cocaine and increases dendritic spine density and alters spine morphology of NAc medium spiny neurons; EB3 interacts with SRCIN1 (a negative regulator of SRC), and blocking SRC phosphorylation abolishes incubation of cocaine craving. Viral overexpression, synaptoneurosomes fractionation, western blot, spine morphology analysis, behavioral assay The Journal of neuroscience Medium 31092585
2021 The drebrin/EB3 pathway is required for neuritogenesis in embryonic cortical neurons: loss of EB3 (but not EB1) reduces dynamic microtubules in the cell periphery and delays neuritogenesis; EB3 is located more proximally at microtubule plus-ends than EB1 in filopodia, enabling continuous elongation and zippering to F-actin via drebrin; EB3 overexpression induces supernumerary neurites whereas EB1 overexpression does not. Gene editing (CRISPR), pharmacological inhibition, overexpression, live-cell imaging, EB3-GFP plus-end tracking Journal of neurochemistry High 34478582
2023 Targeting the EB3-IP3R3 interaction with a 14-amino acid cognate peptide (CIPRI) disrupts EB3-IP3R3 binding in vitro and in mouse lungs, mitigates Ca2+ release from ER stores, prevents VE-cadherin junction disassembly, reduces inflammation-induced lung injury and vascular leakage, and improves survival in endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis mouse models. Peptide design, in vitro binding assay, Ca2+ imaging, endothelial permeability assay, mouse models of ARDS/sepsis American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 37290041
2024 EZH2 epigenetically represses MAPRE3 (EB3) expression in ovarian cancer via H3K27me3 enrichment on the MAPRE3 promoter; EZH2 knockdown reduces H3K27me3 at the MAPRE3 promoter and increases MAPRE3 expression; MAPRE3 overexpression induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibits tumor xenograft growth, while MAPRE3 silencing promotes proliferation; MAPRE3 silencing reverses the anti-proliferative effects of EZH2 knockdown. EZH2 knockdown, ChIP for H3K27me3 at MAPRE3 promoter, overexpression/knockdown, cell cycle analysis, xenograft assay Experimental cell research Medium 38199479
2018 IP3K-A (ITPKA) binds to EB3 (MAPRE3), and this interaction is regulated by PKA-dependent phosphorylation of IP3K-A at Ser119; the IP3K-A/EB3 complex dissociates and reassociates dynamically during chemically induced LTP, suggesting a role in microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling for synaptic plasticity. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assay, chemical LTP induction, live imaging Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 30466786
2025 EB3 (MAPRE3) undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with significantly higher propensity than EB1, due to contributions from multiple protein regions including histidine residues in the N-terminal domain; EB3 condensates have distinct material properties (less dynamic than EB1 droplets), higher capacity to recruit tubulin, and greater ability to nucleate microtubule polymerization, especially in the presence of CLIP-170. In vitro LLPS reconstitution, mutagenesis of histidine residues, tubulin recruitment assay, microtubule polymerization assay, in-cell LLPS imaging The Journal of biological chemistry High 41135671
2014 Peptide aptamers with SxIP motifs can bind specifically to human EB3 (MAPRE3) plus ends in cells, with sequence requirements distinct from EB1, and competitively displace EB3-interacting proteins; the distinct binding specificity suggests EB1 and EB3 interact with overlapping but distinct sets of proteins in cells. Peptide aptamer screen, in-cell localization, competition binding, Drosophila genetics Molecular biology of the cell Medium 24478452
2023 Fidgetin (a microtubule-severing enzyme) interacts with EB3 (MAPRE3); depletion of fidgetin increases EB3 expression and accumulation at neurite ends, expanding the labile microtubule domain and promoting axon elongation and branching; deletion of EB3 does not change fidgetin expression but depletion of fidgetin increases EB3; fidgetin preferentially severs labile microtubules by interacting with EB3. RNA interference, rat spinal cord/sciatic nerve injury models, western blot, immunofluorescence, EB3-GFP imaging Neural regeneration research Medium 37449637

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 86 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 Visualization of microtubule growth in cultured neurons via the use of EB3-GFP (end-binding protein 3-green fluorescent protein). The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 539 12684451
1996 A gene (RPGR) with homology to the RCC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor is mutated in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3). Nature genetics 426 8673101
2000 A retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR)-deficient mouse model for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 225 10725384
2008 Targeting of the F-actin-binding protein drebrin by the microtubule plus-tip protein EB3 is required for neuritogenesis. Nature cell biology 197 18806788
2005 EB1 and EB3 control CLIP dissociation from the ends of growing microtubules. Molecular biology of the cell 165 16148041
2004 Herpes simplex virus type 1 capsid protein VP26 interacts with dynein light chains RP3 and Tctex1 and plays a role in retrograde cellular transport. The Journal of biological chemistry 129 15117959
2011 End-binding proteins EB3 and EB1 link microtubules to ankyrin G in the axon initial segment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 127 21551097
2010 In vitro reconstitution of the functional interplay between MCAK and EB3 at microtubule plus ends. Current biology : CB 122 20850319
2000 EB3, a novel member of the EB1 family preferentially expressed in the central nervous system, binds to a CNS-specific APC homologue. Oncogene 105 10644998
1997 Selective depletion of neutrophils by a monoclonal antibody, RP-3, suppresses dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 97 9504889
2011 EB1 and EB3 promote cilia biogenesis by several centrosome-related mechanisms. Journal of cell science 93 21768326
2007 EB3 regulates microtubule dynamics at the cell cortex and is required for myoblast elongation and fusion. Current biology : CB 83 17658256
1997 Toll, a muscle cell surface molecule, locally inhibits synaptic initiation of the RP3 motoneuron growth cone in Drosophila. Development (Cambridge, England) 82 9108372
2002 Mutations of RPGR in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3). Human mutation 80 11968081
1999 Binding properties and distribution of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 3 (IGFBP-rP3/NovH), an additional member of the IGFBP Superfamily. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 69 10084601
2017 EB1 and EB3 regulate microtubule minus end organization and Golgi morphology. The Journal of cell biology 63 28814570
1966 Partial purification and electron microscopy of virus in the EB-3 cell line derived from a Burkitt lymphoma. Science (New York, N.Y.) 57 5931456
2002 Genetic and molecular characterization of the maize rp3 rust resistance locus. Genetics 50 12242248
1999 Difference between RP2 and RP3 phenotypes in X linked retinitis pigmentosa. The British journal of ophthalmology 49 10502575
2009 Mitotic regulation of the stability of microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB3 by ubiquitin ligase SIAH-1 and Aurora mitotic kinases. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 19696028
2017 Stim2-Eb3 Association and Morphology of Dendritic Spines in Hippocampal Neurons. Scientific reports 44 29247211
2007 p53 downstream target DDA3 is a novel microtubule-associated protein that interacts with end-binding protein EB3 and activates beta-catenin pathway. Oncogene 44 17310996
2012 VE-cadherin signaling induces EB3 phosphorylation to suppress microtubule growth and assemble adherens junctions. Molecular cell 43 23159740
2011 PSD-95 alters microtubule dynamics via an association with EB3. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 43 21248129
1999 Retinal pathology of canine X-linked progressive retinal atrophy, the locus homologue of RP3. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 43 10586956
2018 Ginsenoside-Rp3 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation by regulating MAPK and cyclic nucleotide signaling. Vascular pharmacology 42 29890296
2013 Aurora B spatially regulates EB3 phosphorylation to coordinate daughter cell adhesion with cytokinesis. The Journal of cell biology 41 23712260
1999 Identification of a 5' splice site mutation in the RPGR gene in a family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3). Human mutation 40 10094550
1999 Identification of novel RPGR (retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator) mutations in a subset of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa families segregating with the RP3 locus. Human genetics 40 10480356
2015 Microtubule-Associated Protein EB3 Regulates IP3 Receptor Clustering and Ca(2+) Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Cell reports 36 26119739
2012 Apico-basal elongation requires a drebrin-E-EB3 complex in columnar human epithelial cells. Journal of cell science 35 22275434
2008 Production of bacterial endoglucanase from pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch by bacillus pumilus EB3. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 35 18929997
2000 Mapping of X-linked progressive retinal atrophy (XLPRA), the canine homolog of retinitis pigmentosa 3 (RP3). Human molecular genetics 33 10699176
2016 The role of the drebrin/EB3/Cdk5 pathway in dendritic spine plasticity, implications for Alzheimer's disease. Brain research bulletin 29 27365229
1999 The Drosophila SH2-SH3 adapter protein Dock is expressed in embryonic axons and facilitates synapse formation by the RP3 motoneuron. Development (Cambridge, England) 29 10068645
1993 From growth cone to synapse: the life history of the RP3 motor neuron. Development (Cambridge, England) 29 8049478
2021 TEP linc-GTF2H2-1, RP3-466P17.2, and lnc-ST8SIA4-12 as novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and progression prediction. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 27 33792796
2014 BPAG1a and b associate with EB1 and EB3 and modulate vesicular transport, Golgi apparatus structure, and cell migration in C2.7 myoblasts. PloS one 27 25244344
2019 Synaptic Microtubule-Associated Protein EB3 and SRC Phosphorylation Mediate Structural and Behavioral Adaptations During Withdrawal From Cocaine Self-Administration. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 25 31092585
1995 Identification of a novel gene, ETX1 from Xp21.1, a candidate gene for X-linked retintis pigmentosa (RP3). Human molecular genetics 24 8634709
1996 Analysis of three deletion breakpoints in Xp21.1 and the further localization of RP3. Genomics 23 8921393
2003 Phenotype in two families with RP3 associated with RPGR mutations. Ophthalmic genetics 21 12789573
1995 The actinophage RP3 DNA integrates site-specifically into the putative tRNA(Arg)(AGG) gene of Streptomyces rimosus. Nucleic acids research 21 7870591
1994 Modulation of the in vivo immune response by selective depletion of neutrophils using a monoclonal antibody, RP-3. III. Enhancement by RP-3 treatment of the anti-sheep red blood cell plaque-forming cell response in rats. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 21 8027557
1991 Physical mapping at a potential X-linked retinitis pigmentosa locus (RP3) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Genomics 21 1769646
1998 Linkage analysis of X-linked cone-rod dystrophy: localization to Xp11.4 and definition of a locus distinct from RP2 and RP3. American journal of human genetics 18 9443860
2014 Peptide aptamers define distinct EB1- and EB3-binding motifs and interfere with microtubule dynamics. Molecular biology of the cell 17 24478452
2001 Fine mapping of canine XLPRA establishes homology of the human and canine RP3 intervals. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 17 11581184
1995 The Rp3 disease resistance gene of maize: mapping and characterization of introgressed alleles. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 17 24169663
2014 Development of a non-viral gene delivery vector based on the dynein light chain Rp3 and the TAT peptide. Journal of biotechnology 16 24417903
1997 X-linked retinitis pigmentosa associated with a 2-base pair insertion in codon 99 of the RP3 gene RPGR. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 16 9366675
1997 Localization of CSNBX (CSNB4) between the retinitis pigmentosa loci RP2 and RP3 on proximal Xp. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 16 9418727
1995 Localization of a novel X-linked congenital stationary night blindness locus: close linkage to the RP3 type retinitis pigmentosa gene region. Human molecular genetics 16 7633454
2017 The drebrin/EB3 pathway drives invasive activity in prostate cancer. Oncogene 15 28319065
2005 Dynein light chain rp3 acts as a nuclear matrix-associated transcriptional modulator in a dynein-independent pathway. Journal of cell science 15 16079286
2022 LncRNA RP3-326I13.1 promotes cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by binding to HSP90B and upregulating MMP13. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 14 35298351
2019 Fine structure and dynamics of EB3 binding zones on microtubules in fibroblast cells. Molecular biology of the cell 13 31141458
2022 LncRNA RP3-525N10.2-NFKB1-PROS1 triplet-mediated low PROS1 expression is an onco-immunological biomarker in low-grade gliomas: a pan-cancer analysis with experimental verification. Journal of translational medicine 12 35879775
2021 The drebrin/EB3 pathway regulates cytoskeletal dynamics to drive neuritogenesis in embryonic cortical neurons. Journal of neurochemistry 12 34478582
1996 A recombination outside the BB deletion refines the location of the X linked retinitis pigmentosa locus RP3. American journal of human genetics 12 8659520
2024 Rp3: Ribosome profiling-assisted proteogenomics improves coverage and confidence during microprotein discovery. Nature communications 11 39122697
2023 Fidgetin interacting with microtubule end binding protein EB3 affects axonal regrowth in spinal cord injury. Neural regeneration research 10 37449637
2021 The lncRNA RP3-439F8.1 promotes GBM cell proliferation and progression by sponging miR-139-5p to upregulate NR5A2. Pathology, research and practice 9 33991848
2000 Novel mutations of the RPGR gene in RP3 families. Human mutation 9 10737996
1976 Use of a transfection method to demonstrate a monolayer cell transforming agent from the EB3 line of Burkitt's lymphoma cells. The Journal of general virology 9 180248
1994 Retinitis pigmentosa families showing apparent X linked inheritance but unlinked to the RP2 or RP3 loci. Journal of medical genetics 8 7853368
1993 The temperate phages RP2 and RP3 of Streptomyces rimosus. Journal of general microbiology 8 8254321
2023 Targeting EB3-IP3R3 Interface with Cognate Peptide Protects from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 7 37290041
2009 Characterization of regulatory element Rp3 of regulation of beta-lactamases from Ralstonia pickettii. FEMS microbiology letters 7 19817868
2014 Characterization of the human dynein light chain Rp3 and its use as a non-viral gene delivery vector. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 6 24077724
2002 Characterization of three microsatellite loci linked to the canine RP3 interval. The Journal of heredity 6 12011183
1994 Sequence analysis of cohesive ends of the actinophage RP3 genome and construction of a transducible shuttle vector. FEMS microbiology letters 6 7545934
2022 Cytoskeleton Protein EB3 Contributes to Dendritic Spines Enlargement and Enhances Their Resilience to Toxic Effects of Beta-Amyloid. International journal of molecular sciences 5 35216391
2024 Exosome-mediated transfer of lncRNA RP3-340B19.3 promotes the progression of breast cancer by sponging miR-4510/MORC4 axis. Cancer cell international 4 39256868
2021 On the Relationship Between EB-3 Profiles and Microtubules Growth in Cultured Cells. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 4 34820422
1998 Two novel mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3). Mutations in brief no. 172. Online. Human mutation 4 10651485
2024 MAPRE3 as an epigenetic target of EZH2 restricts ovarian cancer proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Experimental cell research 2 38199479
2019 Enhancement of connexin30.3 expression in mouse embryonic stem cell line EB3 in response to cell-cell contacts. Human cell 2 30674001
2014 Pathogenesis of X-linked RP3: insights from animal models. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2 24664734
2018 PKA-dependent phosphorylation of IP3K-A at Ser119 regulates a binding affinity with EB3. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1 30466786
2012 Initiation of the 3':5'-AMP-induced protein kinase A Iα regulatory subunit conformational transition. Part II. Inhibition by Rp-3':5'-AMPS. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 1 22813587
2001 Evaluation of RP2 and RP3 genes in an X-linked RP family manifesting loss of central vision and preserved peripheral function. Journal of human genetics 1 11322665
2025 Distinct liquid-liquid phase separation properties of end-binding proteins EB1 and EB3. The Journal of biological chemistry 0 41135671
2024 Aspongopyrimidine A, a N-Peralkylated Histidine Zwitterion from Aspongopus chinensis against Alzheimer's Disease Targeting MAPRE3. Organic letters 0 38345436
2024 EB3-informed dynamics of the microtubule stabilizing cap during stalled growth. Biophysical journal 0 39604262
1996 [Yeast artificial chromosome cloning and physical mapping of retinitis pigmentosa 3 (RP3) locus]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 0 9275515