Affinage

CETN3

Centrin-3 · UniProt O15182

Round 2 corrected
Length
167 aa
Mass
19.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
124 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CETN3 (centrin-3) is a calcium-binding EF-hand protein that functions at the intersection of centrosome biology, DNA repair, mRNA export, and ciliogenesis. It localizes to the distal lumen of centrioles and acts as a biochemical inhibitor of the kinase Mps1, opposing centrin-2 to suppress centriole overduplication; its depletion generates supernumerary centrioles, while its overexpression blocks centrosome reduplication (PMID:26354417, PMID:9256449). CETN3 is a structural component of the NPC-associated TREX-2 complex, where it contributes to mRNA nuclear export (PMID:22307388, PMID:23591820), participates in nucleotide excision repair (PMID:21482720), and cooperates with CETN2 to maintain connecting cilium integrity in photoreceptors (PMID:30647131). Compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in CETN3 cause primary microcephaly through impaired centrosome assembly and disrupted neural progenitor proliferation (PMID:40926052).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1996 High

    Establishing that centrin proteins localize to the distal lumen of centrioles yet are mostly non-centrosomal, and that excess centrin disrupts the centrosome reproduction cycle, provided the first evidence that centrins are functional regulators of centrosome biology rather than passive structural components.

    Evidence Cell fractionation, 2D electrophoresis, immunofluorescence, and recombinant centrin microinjection into frog embryos

    PMID:9004043

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the specific centrin isoform(s) responsible for the cleavage-arrest phenotype was not resolved
    • Mechanism by which excess centrin disrupts aster distribution unknown
  2. 1997 High

    Identification of CETN3 as the mammalian CDC31 ortholog with a distinct centrosomal localization pattern from CETN1/CETN2 established that vertebrate centrins are a non-redundant family with isoform-specific positioning at centrioles.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, 2D gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence with anti-Cdc31p antibodies

    PMID:9256449

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the distinct distal-lumen localization of CETN3 not tested
    • Calcium-binding stoichiometry and affinity not determined
  3. 2000 High

    Demonstrating that CETN3 is expressed during proliferation but not required for ciliary beating—unlike CETN1/2—showed that centrin isoforms have non-overlapping roles in centriole/basal body biogenesis versus motile cilia function.

    Evidence RT-PCR, immunoelectron microscopy, and functional analysis of ciliary beating in human nasal epithelial cell cultures

    PMID:10725219

    Open questions at the time
    • CETN3-specific loss-of-function not performed in this system
    • Which proliferative step requires CETN3 was not defined
  4. 2011 High

    Genetic deletion of all three centrins in DT40 cells revealed that centrins are dispensable for centriole duplication but required for nucleotide excision repair, repositioning CETN3 as a DNA-damage response factor in addition to its centrosomal role.

    Evidence Sequential gene targeting in chicken DT40 cells, UV survival assays, centrosome EM

    PMID:21482720

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise step in NER at which CETN3 acts not identified
    • Whether NER role is direct or via XPC complex recruitment not resolved in this study
  5. 2012 High

    Discovery that centrins are structural subunits of the TREX-2 mRNA export complex, binding the scaffold GANP at the nuclear pore, revealed a non-centrosomal nuclear function for CETN3 in coupling transcription to mRNA export.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, crystal structure of GANP:ENY2 sub-complex, siRNA depletion with mRNA export assay

    PMID:22307388

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific contribution of CETN3 versus CETN2 within TREX-2 not dissected
    • Structural basis of centrin–GANP interaction not fully resolved
  6. 2013 High

    Showing that TREX-2 (including centrins) stably associates with NPC basket nucleoporins NUP153 and TPR independently of transcription clarified that CETN3's mRNA export role is a constitutive NPC function, not merely a transcription-coupled event.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation, FRAP, siRNA depletion, mRNA export reporter assays

    PMID:23591820

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CETN3 is required for TREX-2 assembly versus NPC targeting not distinguished
  7. 2015 High

    Identification of CETN3 as a biochemical inhibitor of Mps1 that suppresses centriole overduplication—directly opposing CETN2—resolved a long-standing question about how centrin isoforms balance centrosome number through kinase regulation.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays, siRNA depletion and overexpression, phospho-specific antibodies, phosphomimetic bypass in human cells

    PMID:26354417

    Open questions at the time
    • How CETN3 is recruited to or excluded from the Mps1 active site is unknown
    • Upstream signal that shifts the CETN2/CETN3 balance not identified
  8. 2019 High

    Demonstrating that CETN2/CETN3 double-knockout—but not single-knockout—causes progressive photoreceptor degeneration via connecting cilium shortening and axoneme destabilization revealed cooperative, partially redundant roles of centrins in maintaining ciliary architecture in vivo.

    Evidence Conditional and gene-trap knockout mouse models, electroretinography, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy

    PMID:30647131

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CETN3 acts structurally in the CC or through signaling/protein recruitment is unclear
    • The mechanism by which SPATA7 is depleted upon CETN2/3 loss is not defined
  9. 2023 High

    Discovery that the splicing factor SRSF2 directly regulates CETN3 alternative splicing to produce a short isoform (CETN3-S) required for G1/S progression linked CETN3 to cell-cycle-coupled RNA processing and cancer cell proliferation.

    Evidence CLIP, RNA-seq, siRNA knockdown and rescue experiments, flow cytometry in colorectal cancer cells

    PMID:36623729

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional difference between CETN3-S and full-length CETN3 at the protein level not characterized
    • Relevance of CETN3-S isoform outside colorectal cancer not tested
  10. 2023 Medium

    Localization of CETN3 to the lipid droplet surface in chicken cone photoreceptors, where it directs apical LD positioning via a SPDL1-L–dependent mechanism, uncovered an unexpected role for centrins in organelle positioning that tunes light sensitivity.

    Evidence Genetic knockout and overexpression in chicken, immunofluorescence, organelle fractionation, light-sensitivity simulation

    PMID:37699389

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether mammalian cone cells use the same CETN3-dependent LD positioning mechanism is unknown
    • Direct binding partner on the LD surface not identified
  11. 2025 High

    Identification of compound heterozygous CETN3 mutations as a cause of primary microcephaly, recapitulated in CETN3-knockout cerebral organoids, established CETN3 as a Mendelian disease gene whose loss impairs neural progenitor proliferation through both centrosomal and RNA-splicing-related mechanisms.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing, CETN3-KO cerebral organoids, transcriptomics, histology, protein interaction assays

    PMID:40926052

    Open questions at the time
    • Which splicing targets are disrupted in neural progenitors is not defined
    • Whether the centrosomal versus splicing-related pathways are independently sufficient to cause microcephaly is unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the multiple functions of CETN3—centrosome duplication control via Mps1 inhibition, TREX-2/NPC-mediated mRNA export, nucleotide excision repair, connecting cilium maintenance, and RNA splicing regulation—are coordinated across different cell types and how CETN3-S versus full-length isoforms partition among these roles remain major open questions.
  • No structural model of CETN3 in the Mps1 inhibitory complex
  • Upstream regulatory signals that partition CETN3 among centrosomal, nuclear, and ciliary pools are unknown
  • Isoform-specific functions of CETN3-S versus full-length in each pathway not determined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 5 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005929 cilium 2 GO:0005811 lipid droplet 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 4 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 1 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
CETN2MCM3APNUP153SPATA7SPDL1SRSF2TPRTTK
Complex memberships
TREX-2

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 A new human centrin gene, HsCEN3 (CETN3), was identified as the mammalian homolog most closely related to the yeast CDC31 gene. The encoded protein is enriched in an acidic, slow-migrating isoform specifically concentrated in the centrosome fraction and localized to the distal lumen of centrioles, distinct from the localization of HsCEN1 and HsCEN2. 2D gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence microscopy, cDNA cloning and sequencing, antibody cross-reactivity with anti-Cdc31p antibodies Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 9256449
1996 More than 90% of total cellular centrin (including CETN3-containing isoforms) is not associated with the centrosome fraction; centrosome-associated centrin is concentrated specifically within the distal lumen of centrioles and displays a distinct 2D electrophoresis pattern. Injection of recombinant centrin into two-cell frog embryos delays cleavage and produces abnormal blastomeres with disrupted microtubule aster distribution, implicating centrin in the centrosome reproduction cycle. Cell fractionation, 2D electrophoresis, immunofluorescence, microinjection into frog embryos Journal of cell science High 9004043
2000 During human ciliated cell differentiation, CETN3 (centrin 3) and centrin 2 are expressed during cell proliferation, whereas centrin 1 expression is restricted to differentiated ciliated cells. Ultrastructural immunolocalization reveals that centrin proteins are concentrated in precursor structures of centrioles/basal bodies early in assembly and show differential localization in mature centrioles/basal bodies, with centrin 1/2 versus centrin 3 occupying distinct positions, suggesting non-redundant functions. Functional analysis indicates centrin 1 and/or centrin 2 (but not centrin 3) are involved in ciliary beating. RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, functional analysis of ciliary beating in human nasal epithelial cell cultures Journal of cell science High 10725219
2011 Deletion of all three centrin genes (including CETN3) in chicken DT40 cells did not impair centriole/centrosome duplication or cell division but caused hypersensitivity to UV irradiation with delayed repair of UV-induced DNA damage. CETN3 deficiency specifically exacerbated the UV sensitivity of CETN4/CETN2 double-mutant cells, demonstrating a role for vertebrate CETN3 in nucleotide excision repair (NER). Gene targeting in DT40 cells, UV survival assays, DNA damage checkpoint analysis, light and electron microscopy of centrosome ultrastructure The Journal of cell biology High 21482720
2015 CETN3 (centrin 3) acts as a biochemical inhibitor of the protein kinase Mps1 and a biological inhibitor of centrosome duplication, opposing the function of centrin 2. In vitro, CETN3 inhibits Mps1 autophosphorylation at the T-loop activation site Thr-676 and blocks Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of centrin 2. Cellular overexpression of CETN3 attenuates incorporation of centrin 2 into centrioles and suppresses centrosome reduplication, while depletion of CETN3 generates extra centrioles. Mimicking Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of centrin 2 bypasses CETN3's inhibitory effect. In vitro kinase assays, cellular overexpression and siRNA depletion, immunofluorescence quantification of centriole number, phospho-specific antibody staining Molecular biology of the cell High 26354417
2019 Simultaneous ablation of CETN2 and CETN3 in mice results in progressive photoreceptor degeneration (attenuated ERG responses at 3 months, near-complete retina degeneration at 1 year), while single Cetn3 knockout alone does not affect photoreceptor function. CETN2 and CETN3 cooperate to stabilize the distal connecting cilium (CC)/axoneme structure: double knockout reduces CC length, depletes the CC organizer SPATA7, condenses CETN1 to the mid-CC segment, and causes radial expansion of the axoneme with misaligned outer segment discs. Gene-trap and conditional knockout mouse models, electroretinography, immunofluorescence, ultrastructural electron microscopy The Journal of biological chemistry High 30647131
2012 Mammalian TREX-2, a complex linking transcription with mRNA export, contains centrins as structural components bound to the scaffold protein GANP. Depletion of centrin components inhibits mRNA nuclear export. The crystal structure of the GANP:ENY2 sub-complex and biochemical data show that TREX-2 associates with RNA Pol II and NPC nucleoporin Nup153. Co-immunoprecipitation, crystal structure, siRNA depletion with mRNA export assay, co-purification Nucleic acids research High 22307388
2013 Human TREX-2 (containing centrins including CETN3) stably associates with the nuclear pore complex basket in a manner dependent on basket nucleoporins NUP153 and TPR, but independent of transcription. TREX-2 functions similarly to basket nucleoporins in mRNA nuclear export, distinct from the export receptor NXF1. Immunoprecipitation, FRAP, siRNA depletion, mRNA export reporter assays Journal of cell science High 23591820
2022 CETN3 localizes to the mother centriole in male mouse meiotic spermatocytes, where it marks the base of transiently formed meiotic cilia. CEP164 and CETN3 co-localization studies confirmed that these cilia emanate from the mother centriole prior to centrosome duplication at the zygotene stage. Immunofluorescence localization studies (CEP164/CETN3 co-staining), confocal microscopy in mouse meiotic cells Cells Medium 36611937
2023 The splicing factor SRSF2 directly binds CETN3 pre-mRNA (at exon 6) and promotes exclusion of CETN3 alternative exon 5, generating a short isoform CETN3-S. Knockdown of the CETN3-S isoform (or SRSF2) arrests colon cancer cells in G1 phase and suppresses proliferation. Rescue of CETN3-S in SRSF2-knockdown cells reverses G1 arrest, identifying CETN3-S as a functional target of SRSF2-regulated splicing in cell cycle progression. In vivo crosslinking immunoprecipitation (CLIP), RNA-seq, siRNA knockdown, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, rescue experiments in colorectal cancer cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 36623729
2023 CETN3 localizes to the lipid droplet (LD) surface in chicken cone cells via its C-terminal calcium-binding domain, with the help of SPDL1-L (a novel isoform of the dynein adaptor SPDL1). Loss of CETN3 (or overexpression of truncated CETN1) abrogates the apical localization of the single cone cell LD, reducing light sensitivity. Genetic knockout, overexpression of truncated constructs, immunofluorescence, organelle fractionation, simulation of light sensitivity Developmental cell Medium 37699389
2025 Compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in CETN3 cause primary microcephaly in a human patient. In CETN3-knockout cerebral organoids, impaired centrosome assembly disrupts cell cycle progression in neural stem/progenitor cells, reducing their proliferative capacity and activating apoptosis, thereby recapitulating the microcephaly phenotype. Additionally, CETN3 interacts with RNA splicing machinery required for brain development, revealing an indirect non-centrosomal mechanism. Whole-exome sequencing, CETN3-KO cerebral organoids, transcriptomic analysis, histology, protein interaction assays EMBO molecular medicine High 40926052
2016 Loss of CETN3 (together with SKP1) on chromosome 5q is connected to elevated EGFR expression in basal-like breast cancer through trans-effects identified by proteogenomic analysis, suggesting CETN3 haploinsufficiency contributes to EGFR upregulation. Quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics of 77 breast tumors integrated with genomic data; Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures analysis Nature Low 27251275 27354270
2015 High-throughput BioID proximity mapping placed CETN3 within the centrosome-cilium protein interaction network, identifying it as part of modules involved in centriole duplication and ciliogenesis. Proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) with 58 bait proteins, mass spectrometry Cell Low 26638075
2001 Centrin is phosphorylated at serine residue 170 (in the CETN2 isoform studied) during G2/M phase, with PKA shown to phosphorylate centrin in vivo. Phosphorylation signals centriole separation preceding centrosome duplication. Phospho-specific antibody immunofluorescence, pharmacological PKA activation in HeLa cells, cell cycle staging The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11279195

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 124 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2009 Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape. Cell 1282 19615732
2016 Proteogenomics connects somatic mutations to signalling in breast cancer. Nature 1278 27251275
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1980 Isolation of a yeast centromere and construction of functional small circular chromosomes. Nature 636 6999364
2020 Comparative host-coronavirus protein interaction networks reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms. Science (New York, N.Y.) 564 33060197
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
1982 Nucleotide sequence comparisons and functional analysis of yeast centromere DNAs. Cell 332 7049398
2009 Genetic variant near IRS1 is associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Nature genetics 330 19734900
1996 Most of centrin in animal cells is not centrosome-associated and centrosomal centrin is confined to the distal lumen of centrioles. Journal of cell science 300 9004043
1994 Position effect variegation at fission yeast centromeres. Cell 292 8287474
1985 Genetic analysis of the mitotic transmission of minichromosomes. Cell 267 3881185
1982 Yeast centromere DNA is in a unique and highly ordered structure in chromosomes and small circular minichromosomes. Cell 266 6288253
2011 Novel asymmetrically localizing components of human centrosomes identified by complementary proteomics methods. The EMBO journal 265 21399614
2000 Establishing biorientation occurs with precocious separation of the sister kinetochores, but not the arms, in the early spindle of budding yeast. Cell 253 10761928
2012 Repeatless and repeat-based centromeres in potato: implications for centromere evolution. The Plant cell 203 22968715
1989 Composite motifs and repeat symmetry in S. pombe centromeres: direct analysis by integration of NotI restriction sites. Cell 195 2541922
2013 Influence of vitamin D status and vitamin D3 supplementation on genome wide expression of white blood cells: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. PloS one 181 23527013
2007 Trf4 targets ncRNAs from telomeric and rDNA spacer regions and functions in rDNA copy number control. The EMBO journal 157 18007593
2000 Genetic interactions during root hair morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 137 11041890
1995 In search of a function for centrins. Trends in cell biology 132 14731449
1989 Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe minichromosome deletion derivatives and a functional allocation of their centromere. The EMBO journal 131 2583093
1992 Replication forks pause at yeast centromeres. Molecular and cellular biology 127 1508202
1997 Identification of a new mammalian centrin gene, more closely related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC31 gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 124 9256449
2012 Functional and structural characterization of the mammalian TREX-2 complex that links transcription with nuclear messenger RNA export. Nucleic acids research 119 22307388
2013 The human TREX-2 complex is stably associated with the nuclear pore basket. Journal of cell science 115 23591820
2007 Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 114 18029348
2021 A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer. Science (New York, N.Y.) 111 34591612
1986 Single base-pair mutations in centromere element III cause aberrant chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 102 3537689
2018 Histone Interaction Landscapes Visualized by Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry in Intact Cell Nuclei. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 101 30021884
2000 Differential expression and cellular distribution of centrin isoforms during human ciliated cell differentiation in vitro. Journal of cell science 101 10725219
2001 Phosphorylation of centrin during the cell cycle and its role in centriole separation preceding centrosome duplication. The Journal of biological chemistry 100 11279195
2022 EZH2 depletion potentiates MYC degradation inhibiting neuroblastoma and small cell carcinoma tumor formation. Nature communications 99 35013218
2005 HIV-1 Gag-RNA interaction occurs at a perinuclear/centrosomal site; analysis by confocal microscopy and FRET. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 98 16101678
1992 Visualization of centromeric and nucleolar DNA in fission yeast by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Journal of cell science 95 1629244
1982 Centromeric DNA from chromosome VI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The EMBO journal 94 6327282
1986 Repression of meiotic crossing over by a centromere (CEN3) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 93 3539697
1989 Purification of the yeast centromere binding protein CP1 and a mutational analysis of its binding site. The Journal of biological chemistry 92 2543684
1983 Copy number control by a yeast centromere. Gene 92 6352414
2016 Pooled-matrix protein interaction screens using Barcode Fusion Genetics. Molecular systems biology 89 27107012
1986 Toxic effects of excess cloned centromeres. Molecular and cellular biology 89 3537715
1987 Mutational and in vitro protein-binding studies on centromere DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 87 2830498
1987 Alterations in the adenine-plus-thymine-rich region of CEN3 affect centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 86 3550426
1987 Mutational analysis of meiotic and mitotic centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 84 3311877
2009 A novel microdeletion syndrome involving 5q14.3-q15: clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of three patients. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 83 19471318
1993 Centromeres of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are highly variable genetic loci. Molecular and cellular biology 83 8336703
1984 Chromatin conformation of yeast centromeres. The Journal of cell biology 78 6092387
1988 Chromatin structure of altered yeast centromeres. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 75 2829168
1989 Transcription terminates near the poly(A) site in the CYC1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 70 2554310
2006 Genomic and genetic characterization of rice Cen3 reveals extensive transcription and evolutionary implications of a complex centromere. The Plant cell 68 16877494
1997 Probing the architecture of a simple kinetochore using DNA-protein crosslinking. The Journal of cell biology 67 9396745
1988 A yeast centromere acts in cis to inhibit meiotic gene conversion of adjacent sequences. Cell 67 3280137
1990 Nucleosome depletion alters the chromatin structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeres. Molecular and cellular biology 60 2233714
1992 Long-range chromosomal mapping of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family cluster. Genomics 59 1572649
1981 Direct selection procedure for the isolation of functional centromeric DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 59 7022454
1994 Chromosomal DNA replication initiates at the same origins in meiosis and mitosis. Molecular and cellular biology 53 8164697
2011 Defective nucleotide excision repair with normal centrosome structures and functions in the absence of all vertebrate centrins. The Journal of cell biology 50 21482720
1984 Structural and functional analysis of a yeast centromere (CEN3). Journal of cell science. Supplement 46 6397474
1985 Construction of multicopy yeast plasmids with regulated centromere function. Gene 43 2934294
1985 A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with impaired maintenance of centromeric plasmids. Current genetics 42 3940061
1993 Yeast calmodulin and a conserved nuclear protein participate in the in vivo binding of a matrix association region. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 40 8516310
1981 Characterization of a yeast replication origin (ars2) and construction of stable minichromosomes containing cloned yeast centromere DNA (CEN3). Gene 40 7028571
2017 ADGRV1 is implicated in myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia 39 29266188
2012 SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodeling factor Fun30 supports point centromere function in S. cerevisiae. PLoS genetics 39 23028372
2000 CSE4 genetically interacts with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA elements CDE I and CDE II but not CDE III. Implications for the path of the centromere dna around a cse4p variant nucleosome. Genetics 39 11063678
2024 Structural variation and DNA methylation shape the centromere-proximal meiotic crossover landscape in Arabidopsis. Genome biology 38 38254210
1985 Resolution of dicentric chromosomes by Ty-mediated recombination in yeast. Genetics 37 2991081
1989 Mutations in CEN3 cause aberrant chromosome segregation during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 35 2653962
2001 Only centromeres can supply the partition system required for ARS function in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Journal of molecular biology 34 11124900
1988 Genetic control of chromosome stability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast (Chichester, England) 33 3064490
1992 Donor locus selection during Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating type interconversion responds to distant regulatory signals. Genetics 31 1459444
1991 Genetic analysis of a meiotic recombination hotspot on chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 30 1840557
1997 A YAC contig joining the desmocollin and desmoglein loci on human chromosome 18 and ordering of the desmocollin genes. Genomics 28 9192840
2021 Structural and dynamic mechanisms of CBF3-guided centromeric nucleosome formation. Nature communications 27 33741944
2018 Role of microRNA-410 in molecular oncology: A double edged sword. Journal of cellular biochemistry 25 30086210
1984 Stability of recombinant plasmids containing the ars sequence of yeast extrachromosomal rDNA in several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 25 6376287
2012 High-resolution mapping and transcriptional activity analysis of chicken centromere sequences on giant lampbrush chromosomes. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 22 23143648
1995 A large circular minichromosome of Schizosaccharomyces pombe requires a high dose of type II DNA topoisomerase for its stabilization. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 22 7898434
2019 Deletion of both centrin 2 (CETN2) and CETN3 destabilizes the distal connecting cilium of mouse photoreceptors. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 30647131
1985 Identification and characterization of the centromere from chromosome XIV in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 21 3915768
2018 ACTG1 and TLR3 are biomarkers for alcohol-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology letters 20 30675230
1993 Stimulation of meiotic recombination in yeast by an ARS element. Genetics 20 8514126
1989 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective in chromosome segregation. Yeast (Chichester, England) 20 2675488
2017 Recurrent establishment of de novo centromeres in the pericentromeric region of maize chromosome 3. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 19 28831743
2001 Characterization of the X-linked murine centrin Cetn2 gene. Gene 19 11250075
1989 Sequences that promote formation of catenated intertwines during termination of DNA replication. Nucleic acids research 17 2542894
2015 Centrin 3 is an inhibitor of centrosomal Mps1 and antagonizes centrin 2 function. Molecular biology of the cell 16 26354417
1991 Isolation and characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants affected in mitotic recombination. Genetics 16 1874411
2020 Transcriptional profile of ovine oocytes matured under lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro. Theriogenology 15 32805644
2013 CETN1 is a cancer testis antigen with expression in prostate and pancreatic cancers. Biomarker research 15 24252580
2006 Centrosomal protein centrin is not detectable during early pre-implantation development but reappears during late blastocyst stage in porcine embryos. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 15 16940283
1986 Structural studies on centromeres in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Basic life sciences 15 3032143
2018 Stem cell transcription factor SOX2 in synovial sarcoma and other soft tissue tumors. Pathology, research and practice 14 29773426
2022 The Male Mouse Meiotic Cilium Emanates from the Mother Centriole at Zygotene Prior to Centrosome Duplication. Cells 12 36611937
2020 Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation Identified 12 Signature Genes Specific to Metastatic ccRCC. Frontiers in oncology 12 33134164
2015 Comparison of structural genetics of non-schistosoma-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 12 26339383
1994 Plasma and tissue lipids of piglets fed formula containing saturated fatty acids from medium-chain triglycerides with or without fish oil. The American journal of clinical nutrition 12 8198056
1988 Selective excision of the centromere chromatin complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Journal of cell biology 12 2839524
2023 Comprehensive analysis of RNA-binding protein SRSF2-dependent alternative splicing signature in malignant proliferation of colorectal carcinoma. The Journal of biological chemistry 9 36623729
2022 Changes in mechanical and bacterial properties of denture base resin following nanoceria incorporation with and without SBA-15 carriers. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 7 36543086
2018 Companied P16 genetic and protein status together providing useful information on the clinical outcome of urinary bladder cancer. Medicine 7 29642177
1984 Regulation of transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC1 gene: Identification of a DNA region involved in heme control. Current genetics 7 24177529
1995 Construction of a human DNA library in a circular centromere-based yeast plasmid. Gene 6 7721103
2023 Centrins control chicken cone cell lipid droplet dynamics through lipid-droplet-localized SPDL1. Developmental cell 5 37699389
2006 Oxidative stress response in telomerase-immortalized fibroblasts from a centenarian. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 5 17341606
2024 Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils dynamic transcriptional profiles during the process of donkey spermatogenesis and maturation. Genomics 3 39694081
2025 CETN3 deficiency induces microcephaly by disrupting neural stem/progenitor cell fate through impaired centrosome assembly and RNA splicing. EMBO molecular medicine 2 40926052
1987 [Chromosome stability in saccharomycete yeasts]. Genetika 2 3326785
2025 Associations of 2923 plasma proteins with incident atopic dermatitis in a prospective cohort study and genetic analysis. Medicine 1 40696606
1983 [Extrachromosomal DNA in yeast-Saccharomyces]. Molekuliarnaia biologiia 1 6355825
2024 Identification and Mendelian randomization validation of pathogenic gene biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea. Frontiers in neurology 0 39220737
2016 Tumor Profiling: Adding Proteomics to Genomics. Cancer discovery 0 27354270
1999 [C-terminal domain of saccharomyces cerevisiae protein ChI4 binds to centromere DNA fragment of yeast chromosome III]. Tsitologiia 0 10563386
1988 [Behavior in a cell of artificial mini-chromosomes during induced transcription of centromeric DNA]. Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia 0 3405230