Affinage

MCM3AP

Germinal-center associated nuclear protein · UniProt O60318

Length
1980 aa
Mass
218.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
96 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MCM3AP encodes two distinct protein products from a single 21q22.3 locus through alternative promoters: the full-length 210 kDa germinal-center protein GANP and the shorter C-terminal MCM3AP/Map80, which occupy different subcellular compartments (PMID:21195085, PMID:11024281). The shared C-terminal region is a GNAT-family acetyltransferase that directly acetylates MCM3 and, when overexpressed, inhibits the initiation (but not elongation) of DNA replication in an acetyltransferase- and MCM3-interaction-dependent manner (PMID:11258703, PMID:12226073). GANP serves as the central scaffold of the mammalian TREX-2 mRNA export machinery: its N-terminal FG-motif region binds the export factor NXF1 and nuclear pore complexes, and its loss traps mRNPs and NXF1 in nuclear foci (PMID:20005110). GANP-dependent export is selective, acting on roughly half of NXF1-dependent transcripts—short-lived, highly expressed mRNAs enriched for gene-expression machinery—and is required for export of Shugoshin-1 mRNA, linking GANP loss to G2/M arrest, centromeric cohesin loss, and premature sister-chromatid separation (PMID:24510098, PMID:20384790). In germinal-center B cells GANP couples mRNA export to antibody diversification by recruiting AID from cytoplasm to the nucleus and to transcribed IgV loci, remodeling IgV chromatin via its HAT domain and an Spt5 interaction, and steering AID-induced double-strand break repair toward homologous recombination through a DNA-PKcs interaction while suppressing aberrant recombination via its Sac3-homology domain (PMID:20507984, PMID:23652018, PMID:24808370, PMID:17903179). GANP additionally restricts HIV-1 by enhancing APOBEC3G packaging into virions (PMID:24198285) and tempers STAT6 signaling through PRMT5 (PMID:19181385). De novo loss-of-function MCM3AP mutations cause an immunodeficiency with impaired homologous recombination and reduced nuclear AID, rescued by wild-type GANP (PMID:26615982).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Established that GANP is a germinal-center-associated nuclear protein physically bound to MCM3, placing it at the interface of B-cell biology and DNA replication machinery.

    Evidence Co-IP and immunohistochemistry in B cells, with BCL6-KO mouse correlation; genomic mapping to 21q22.3

    PMID:10733502 PMID:11024281

    Open questions at the time
    • MCM3-binding domain mapped but acetyltransferase function not yet demonstrated
    • single-locus origin of GANP vs. MCM3AP not yet resolved
  2. 2001 High

    Defined the molecular activity of the shared C-terminus as a GNAT-family acetyltransferase that acetylates MCM3 and restrains DNA replication, explaining the MCM3 interaction functionally.

    Evidence In vitro acetyltransferase assay, acetyl-CoA motif mutagenesis, and replication inhibition with WT vs. catalytically dead mutants

    PMID:11258703

    Open questions at the time
    • acetylated MCM3 residues not mapped
    • whether endogenous (not overexpressed) MCM3AP regulates replication in vivo unaddressed
  3. 2002 High

    Resolved which replication step is targeted, showing acetyltransferase activity blocks initiation specifically, while chromatin binding alone is insufficient.

    Evidence Cell-free reconstituted replication assay with acetylase-deficient mutants and chromatin fractionation

    PMID:12226073

    Open questions at the time
    • mechanistic link between MCM3 acetylation and origin firing unresolved
    • cell-cycle regulation of acetylation not defined
  4. 2007 High

    Identified a genome-stability role distinct from replication: GANP suppresses homologous recombination through its Sac3-homology domain.

    Evidence Direct-repeat reporter recombination assay in ganp+/- MEFs with gain-of-function and domain truncations

    PMID:17903179

    Open questions at the time
    • molecular target of Sac3-domain suppression not identified
    • relationship to mRNA export function not connected at this stage
  5. 2009 High

    Reclassified GANP as a core mRNA export factor by demonstrating direct NXF1 and NPC binding via its FG-motif region.

    Evidence siRNA depletion with poly(A)+ FISH, reciprocal Co-IP, and domain-mapping overexpression

    PMID:20005110

    Open questions at the time
    • selectivity of exported transcripts not yet defined
    • stoichiometry within the export complex not established
  6. 2010 High

    Connected mRNA export to chromosome integrity and resolved the dual-product locus, showing GANP-dependent Sgo1 mRNA export maintains centromeric cohesion and that GANP and MCM3AP arise from separate promoters.

    Evidence siRNA with cell-cycle/chromosome-spread phenotyping and dominant-negative Sac3 truncation; promoter mapping with separate localization

    PMID:20384790 PMID:21195085

    Open questions at the time
    • how GANP selects Sgo1 mRNA mechanistically unknown
    • functional division of labor between MCM3AP and GANP products incompletely defined
  7. 2010 High

    Showed GANP drives antibody diversification by recruiting AID into the nucleus and onto IgV DNA, coupling export machinery to somatic hypermutation.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, AID mutagenesis (D143A), ChIP for IgV DNA, and SHM frequency in Ramos cells

    PMID:20507984

    Open questions at the time
    • whether AID nuclear import depends on export activity or HAT activity not separated here
  8. 2013 High

    Defined how GANP licenses AID access by HAT-dependent IgV chromatin remodeling and Spt5-mediated Pol-II recruitment.

    Evidence ChIP for AID/Pol-II, Co-IP with Spt5, HAT-domain mutants in ganp-transgenic and conditional-KO B cells

    PMID:23652018

    Open questions at the time
    • acetylation substrates at IgV chromatin not identified
    • interplay with replication-associated MCM3 acetylation unaddressed
  9. 2014 High

    Established GANP as a determinant of DSB repair pathway choice and refined the selective class of mRNAs it exports.

    Evidence Co-IP with DNA-PKcs and repair epistasis in DT40 cells; genome-wide export profiling plus Xenopus oocyte injection kinetics

    PMID:24510098 PMID:24808370

    Open questions at the time
    • how DNA-PKcs dissociation biases toward HR mechanistically unclear
    • features distinguishing GANP-dependent from independent NXF1 transcripts only correlative
  10. 2013 High

    Extended GANP function to antiviral restriction, showing it promotes APOBEC3G virion packaging and suppresses HIV-1 infectivity.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, gain/loss-of-function in CD4+ T cells, A3G packaging, infectivity and G→A hypermutation assays

    PMID:24198285

    Open questions at the time
    • domain of GANP mediating A3G interaction not mapped
    • relationship to its mRNA export role unexplored
  11. 2015 Medium

    Confirmed MCM3AP/GANP loss-of-function as causative for a human immunodeficiency with DNA-repair and AID localization defects.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing with patient-cell HR/survival/NF-κB/AID assays and wild-type GANP complementation

    PMID:26615982

    Open questions at the time
    • single patient report
    • neurological/CMT phenotypes not assessed in this study
  12. 2025 Medium

    Provided a structural framework placing GANP at the center of a TREX-2 trimer that competes with a PAXT-bound paralog to decide nuclear export versus decay of polyadenylated RNA.

    Evidence Structural and mutagenesis analysis of GANP-PCID2-SEM1 vs. LENG8-PCID2-SEM1 trimers with transcriptomics (preprint)

    PMID:bio_10.1101_2025.09.16.676470

    Open questions at the time
    • preprint, not peer-reviewed
    • mechanism of UAP56 competition needs biochemical confirmation

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How GANP's replication-associated acetyltransferase activity, its TREX-2 export scaffold function, and its DSB-repair roles are integrated within a single protein remains unresolved.
  • no unified model linking MCM3 acetylation, mRNA export selectivity, and repair pathway choice
  • structural basis of substrate/transcript selection unknown
  • in vivo relevance of replication inhibition not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 3 GO:0003723 RNA binding 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
AIDAPOBEC3GDNA-PKCSMCM3NXF1PCID2PRMT5SPT5
Complex memberships
TREX-2

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 MCM3AP is an acetyltransferase that directly acetylates MCM3 in vitro; chromatin-bound MCM3 is acetylated in vivo; MCM3AP contains GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily acetyl-CoA binding motifs; mutation of those motifs significantly inhibits acetyltransferase activity; overexpression of MCM3AP inhibits DNA replication, whereas acetyltransferase-deficient mutants abolish this effect. Two-hybrid screen for MCM3 interactors; in vitro acetyltransferase assay; site-directed mutagenesis of acetyl-CoA binding motifs; DNA replication inhibition assay with wild-type vs. mutant overexpression EMBO reports High 11258703
2002 MCM3AP (MCM3 acetylase) inhibits specifically the initiation of DNA replication but not elongation, in a cell-free system; acetyltransferase activity is required for this inhibition; both wild-type and acetylase-deficient MCM3AP bind chromatin via MCM3 interaction, but chromatin binding alone is insufficient to inhibit replication; MCM3 interaction is essential for nuclear localization and chromatin binding of MCM3AP; chromatin binding of MCM3AP is temporally correlated with that of endogenous MCM3 upon mitotic release. Cell-free DNA replication assay; acetylase-deficient mutant analysis; chromatin fractionation; nuclear localization studies; cell-cycle synchronization experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 12226073
2000 GANP (210 kDa germinal center-associated nuclear protein) physically associates with MCM3 in B cells; GANP is localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei; GANP expression is upregulated in germinal center B cells in vivo and correlates with BCL6-dependent GC formation; it contains a Map80 homology domain (Map-box) responsible for MCM3 binding. Co-immunoprecipitation; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; BCL6-deficient mouse analysis Blood Medium 10733502
2001 GANP has phosphorylation-dependent DNA-primase activity: a recombinant GANP fragment (aa 414–550) synthesizes RNA primers for extension by DNA polymerase I on single-stranded DNA templates in vitro; primase activity is controlled by phosphorylation at Ser502, induced by CD40-mediated signaling; overexpression of ganp in Daudi B cells increases DNA synthesis. In vitro RNA primer synthesis assay; site-directed phosphorylation analysis; CD40 stimulation of B cells; overexpression in Daudi cells with DNA synthesis measurement Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 11526238
2000 The human GANP gene (hganp) and the shorter MCM3AP (Map80) are encoded at the same chromosomal locus (21q22.3); the C-terminal 721 aa of hGANP is identical to Map80; the MCM3-binding (Map-box) domain is located in this C-terminal region; hGANP is expressed as a single 7 kb transcript preferentially in germinal center B cells of tonsil. Genomic cloning; Northern blot; in situ RNA hybridization; immunohistochemistry; chromosomal FISH mapping Gene Medium 11024281
2002 GANP associates with a novel phosphatase regulatory protein G5PR, which recruits both PP5 and PP2A into the GANP/MCM3 complex; the G5PR-containing complex has phosphatase activity on casein, histone H1, and MCM3 in vitro; G5PR localizes in the nucleus during prophase, peri-chromatin during mitosis, and cytoplasm after cell division, suggesting cell-cycle-dependent regulation of MCM3 phosphorylation state. Yeast two-hybrid screen; in vivo co-immunoprecipitation; GST pull-down assay; in vitro phosphatase assay; subcellular localization by immunofluorescence Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms Medium 12167160
2009 GANP is required for efficient mRNA nuclear export in mammalian cells; GANP interacts with the mRNA export factor NXF1 and with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs); GANP depletion causes retention of mRNPs and NXF1 in nuclear punctate foci; the N-terminal FG-motif-containing region of GANP interacts specifically with the NXF1 FG-binding domain; overexpression of this N-terminal fragment causes nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA and NXF1; GANP partitions between NPCs and the nuclear interior and redistributes upon transcription inhibition. siRNA depletion with fluorescence in situ hybridization for poly(A)+ RNA; co-immunoprecipitation; nuclear fractionation; domain-mapping overexpression experiments; transcription inhibitor treatment Current biology : CB High 20005110
2010 MCM3AP and GANP are distinct proteins produced from the same genomic locus via different promoters: MCM3AP is transcribed from a promoter located within an intron of GANP; they occupy different subcellular locations despite the MCM3AP coding sequence being identical to the GANP C-terminus. Promoter mapping; reporter assays; subcellular localization of each protein separately Journal of molecular biology High 21195085
2010 GANP is required for selective mRNA export of Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) mRNA; GANP knockdown by siRNA causes G2/M arrest, abnormal chromosome alignment, premature sister-chromatid separation, and loss of cohesin at centromeres; these defects phenocopy Sgo1 siRNA; ganp siRNA selectively decreases cytoplasmic Sgo1 transcript levels; a GANP truncation lacking the Sac3-homology region acts as a dominant negative, impairing mRNA export. siRNA knockdown in HeLa cells; cell-cycle analysis; chromosome spread analysis; cohesin immunofluorescence; cytoplasmic/nuclear fractionation with RT-PCR; dominant-negative truncation experiments Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms High 20384790
2010 GANP physically interacts with AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase) in vitro and in vivo; when co-expressed with GANP, AID is transported from the cytoplasm and concentrated in the nucleus; GANP overexpression in Ramos B cells promotes AID binding to IgV DNA/mRNA and increases somatic hypermutation frequency; an AID mutant (D143A) with ~10-fold reduced GANP-binding affinity remains cytoplasmic when co-expressed with GANP yet retains C-deamination activity. Co-immunoprecipitation in COS-7 cells; in vitro binding assay; subcellular localization by immunofluorescence; AID mutagenesis; chromatin immunoprecipitation for IgV DNA; somatic hypermutation frequency assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 20507984
2013 GANP promotes chromatin modification at rearranged IgV loci requiring its histone acetyltransferase domain; GANP interacts with the transcription stalling protein Spt5; GANP facilitates RNA Pol-II recruitment to IgV regions; ganp-transgenic GC B cells show higher AID occupancy at IgV regions; conditional ganp-knockout B cells show lower AID accessibility. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for AID and RNA Pol-II; Co-IP of GANP with Spt5; ganp-transgenic and conditional ganp-KO mouse B cells; HAT domain mutant analysis Nature communications High 23652018
2014 GANP promotes selective nuclear export of a specific subset of NXF1-dependent mRNAs; genome-wide profiling shows that half of NXF1-dependent transcripts also require GANP for export; GANP-dependent transcripts are highly expressed, short-lived, and enriched for gene-expression-machinery components (RNA synthesis/processing factors); in Xenopus oocyte injection, GANP-dependent transcripts show faster export kinetics than non-GANP-dependent transcripts. siRNA depletion combined with genome-wide gene expression profiling (microarray); Xenopus oocyte nuclear injection export kinetics assay Nucleic acids research High 24510098
2014 GANP interacts physically with DNA-PKcs; this interaction is dissociated upon dsDNA breaks induced by etoposide or AID overexpression; GANP promotes repair of AID-initiated DNA damage toward homologous recombination rather than non-homologous end joining in DT40 B cells; GANP plays a positive role in IgV region diversification (gene conversion and somatic hypermutation) in an NHEJ-proficient state. Co-immunoprecipitation of GANP and DNA-PKcs; etoposide-induced DSB assay; ganp-conditional KO and overexpression in DT40 B cells; IgV gene conversion/SHM frequency assay; epistasis with NHEJ pathway Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 24808370
2012 MCM3AP is required for IE86 (human cytomegalovirus immediate early 86 protein)-mediated inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis; IE86 interacts with Cdt1 but does not inhibit DNA licensing; instead, IE86-mediated inhibition of cellular DNA replication requires MCM3AP, which inhibits initiation in a licensing-independent manner. Sibling MCM3AP siRNA knockdown; IE86 overexpression; DNA replication assay; licensing assay (Cdt1 interaction); epistasis between IE86 and MCM3AP PloS one Medium 23094019
2007 GANP suppresses DNA homologous recombination in mammalian cells, as measured by a direct-repeat beta-galactosidase reporter; heterozygous ganp+/- immortalized embryonic fibroblasts show more DNA recombination than wild-type; GANP overexpression suppresses spontaneous and AID-induced DNA recombination; the Sac3-homology domain is required for suppressive activity; the C-terminal MCM3-binding/acetylating region alone (truncation) acts as a dominant negative and augments recombination. Direct-repeat beta-galactosidase recombination reporter assay in NIH3T3 and MEFs; ganp+/- heterozygous knockout MEFs; GANP overexpression; truncation/domain analysis Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms High 17903179
2012 GANP knockdown causes selective DNA damage and apoptosis/necrosis in p53-insufficient cancer cells but not in p53-competent cells; siGanp-induced DNA damage is accompanied by decreased S-phase fraction; cell death occurs via both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms; GANP is required for genomic DNA stability in human cancer cells; siGANP suppresses growth of p53-deficient cancer cells transplanted into immunocompromised mice. siRNA knockdown in p53-sufficient vs. p53-insufficient cancer cell lines; DNA damage assay (γH2AX); cell cycle analysis; apoptosis/necrosis assay; in vivo xenograft model Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death Medium 22395445
2009 GANP suppresses STAT6-mediated transcription in germinal center B cells by interacting with PRMT5 (arginine methyltransferase) and JAK1/JAK3; loss of GANP causes upregulated phosphorylation and arginine dimethylation of STAT6 in B cells stimulated with LPS and IL-4; GANP overexpression in transgenic B cells reduces STAT6 phosphorylation; PRMT5 overexpression enhances STAT6-mediated transcription and is suppressed by GANP co-transfection in reporter assays. Co-immunoprecipitation of GANP with PRMT5 and JAK1/3; STAT6 phosphorylation western blot in ganp-deficient and transgenic B cells; luciferase reporter assay with STAT6 target promoter; in vitro and in vivo B cell stimulation Molecular immunology Medium 19181385
2013 GANP physically interacts with APOBEC3G (A3G) in activated CD4+ T cells; GANP overexpression augments A3G encapsidation into virion-like particles and ΔVif HIV-1 virions; GANP itself is encapsidated in HIV-1 virions; GANP upregulation increases A3G-catalyzed G→A hypermutation in the viral genome and suppresses HIV-1 infectivity; GANP knockdown markedly increases HIV-1 infectivity. Co-immunoprecipitation; GANP overexpression and knockdown in CD4+ T cells; A3G packaging assay into virions; single-round and multiple-round HIV-1 infectivity assay; G→A hypermutation sequencing Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 24198285
2001 The ganp promoter is regulated in a B-lineage-specific and developmental-stage-dependent manner; the transcription factor PU.1 binds a site at -126 bp of the ganp promoter; mutation of the PU.1 site abolishes B-cell-specific reporter activity and the response to anti-CD40 stimulation; introduction of PU.1 cDNA dose-dependently enhances reporter activity in B cells. Luciferase reporter assay with deletion constructs; electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA); anti-PU.1 antibody supershift; PU.1 cDNA transfection; anti-CD40 stimulation The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11641399
2006 GANP and MCM3AP (its splicing variant/truncation) interact with the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR); overexpression of MCM3AP renders HeLa cells resistant to glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of DNA replication; GANP shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid screen; GST pull-down; co-immunoprecipitation; DNA replication assay in MCM3AP-overexpressing HeLa cells treated with glucocorticoids; subcellular localization by immunofluorescence Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16914116
2015 In an immunodeficient patient with de novo MCM3AP mutations, patient-derived cells show impaired homologous recombination, moderate radio- and cross-linker sensitivity with DNA damage accumulation, impaired DNA-damage-induced NF-κB signaling, and reduced nuclear AID levels; complementation with wild-type GANP normalizes DNA repair, confirming MCM3AP/GANP loss-of-function as causative. Whole-exome sequencing; patient-derived cell functional assays (HR assay, clonogenic survival after radiation/cross-linker, NF-κB reporter, AID nuclear localization); wild-type GANP complementation Human mutation Medium 26615982
2025 The GANP-PCID2-SEM1 (GANP-PS) trimer is the central structural and functional unit of the mammalian TREX-2 complex; a structurally equivalent LENG8-PCID2-SEM1 trimer within the PAXT complex competes with TREX-2 for RNA-bound UAP56, directing polyadenylated RNAs to nuclear decay rather than export; mutagenesis and transcriptomic data show that nuclear fate of pA+ RNPs is governed by the contending actions of nucleoplasmic PAXT and NPC-associated TREX-2. Structural analysis; mutagenesis of GANP-PS and LENG8-PS trimers; transcriptomics after perturbation of PAXT vs. TREX-2 components bioRxivpreprint Medium bio_10.1101_2025.09.16.676470

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 96 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2019 A novel lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting miR-194-5p/FOXA1 axis. Molecular cancer 332 30782188
2009 mRNA export from mammalian cell nuclei is dependent on GANP. Current biology : CB 106 20005110
2018 The Effect of MCM3AP-AS1/miR-211/KLF5/AGGF1 Axis Regulating Glioblastoma Angiogenesis. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 92 29375300
2001 MCM3AP, a novel acetyltransferase that acetylates replication protein MCM3. EMBO reports 76 11258703
2019 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes proliferation and invasion through regulating miR-211-5p/SPARC axis in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 70 31030335
2019 YY1-mediated overexpression of long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 accelerates angiogenesis and progression in lung cancer by targeting miR-340-5p/KPNA4 axis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 62 31693222
2020 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes breast cancer progression via modulating miR-28-5p/CENPF axis. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 58 32485570
2014 Selective nuclear export of specific classes of mRNA from mammalian nuclei is promoted by GANP. Nucleic acids research 58 24510098
2000 A novel nuclear phosphoprotein, GANP, is up-regulated in centrocytes of the germinal center and associated with MCM3, a protein essential for DNA replication. Blood 55 10733502
2010 GANP-mediated recruitment of activation-induced cytidine deaminase to cell nuclei and to immunoglobulin variable region DNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 20507984
2005 Generation of high-affinity antibody against T cell-dependent antigen in the Ganp gene-transgenic mouse. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 40 15814669
2021 Long non-coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 protects chondrocytes ATDC5 and CHON-001 from IL-1β-induced inflammation via regulating miR-138-5p/SIRT1. Bioengineered 38 33942704
2013 GANP regulates recruitment of AID to immunoglobulin variable regions by modulating transcription and nucleosome occupancy. Nature communications 37 23652018
2000 Structure, expression, and chromosomal localization of the human gene encoding a germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) that associates with MCM3 involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Gene 37 11024281
2019 Long non-coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes growth and migration through modulating FOXK1 by sponging miR-138-5p in pancreatic cancer. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 36 31830901
2002 The MCM3 acetylase MCM3AP inhibits initiation, but not elongation, of DNA replication via interaction with MCM3. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 12226073
2019 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Regulates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Autophagy to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Interacting with miR-455. DNA and cell biology 33 31237446
2001 Germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) has a phosphorylation-dependent DNA-primase activity that is up-regulated in germinal center regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 32 11526238
2019 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 regulates miR-142-3p/HMGB1 to promote LPS-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 31 31836002
2017 MCM3AP in recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and mild intellectual disability. Brain : a journal of neurology 31 28633435
2021 Long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 enhances cell proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer by regulating miR-193a-5p/SENP1. Cancer medicine 30 33686713
2002 MCM3-binding GANP DNA-primase is associated with a novel phosphatase component G5PR. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 27 12167160
2020 MCM3AP-AS1 KD Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of PCa Cells via DNMT1/DNMT3 (A/B) Methylation-Mediated Upregulation of NPY1R. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 24 32193153
2020 Knockdown of lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Attenuates Chemoresistance of Burkitt Lymphoma to Doxorubicin Treatment via Targeting the miR-15a/EIF4E Axis. Cancer management and research 24 32765087
2010 GANP enhances the efficiency of mRNA nuclear export in mammalian cells. Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) 24 21326821
2022 SOX4-activated lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 aggravates osteoarthritis progression by modulating miR-149-5p/Notch1 signaling. Cytokine 22 35202986
2021 Long non-coding RNA MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through targeting microRNA-195-5p. Bioengineered 22 34346845
2020 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Upregulates CDK4 by Sponging miR-545 to Suppress G1 Arrest in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer management and research 22 32982409
2020 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 inhibits cell proliferation in cervical squamous cell carcinoma by down-regulating miRNA-93. Bioscience reports 21 31985002
2021 The MCM3AP-AS1/miR-126/VEGF axis regulates cancer cell invasion and migration in endometrioid carcinoma. World journal of surgical oncology 20 34256796
2015 MCM3AP and POMP Mutations Cause a DNA-Repair and DNA-Damage-Signaling Defect in an Immunodeficient Child. Human mutation 20 26615982
2021 lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer via the miR-19a-3p/FOXF2 axis. The journal of gene medicine 19 33450091
2021 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 sponges miR-148a to enhance cell invasion and migration in small cell lung cancer. BMC cancer 19 34271873
2020 Overexpression of long non-coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent non-tumour tissues. British journal of biomedical science 18 32678686
2007 GANP suppresses DNA recombination, measured by direct-repeat beta-galactosidase gene construct, but does not suppress the type of recombination applying to immunoglobulin genes in mammalian cells. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 18 17903179
2009 GANP suppresses the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 regulating IL-4-mediated STAT6-signaling to IgE production in B cells. Molecular immunology 17 19181385
2020 Molecular mechanisms of MCM3AP-AS1 targeted the regulation of miR-708-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 16 32196596
2020 Pro-Angiogenic and Pro-Inflammatory Regulation by lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1-Mediated Upregulation of DPP4 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Frontiers in oncology 16 32714856
2016 GANP protein encoded on human chromosome 21/mouse chromosome 10 is associated with resistance to mammary tumor development. Cancer science 16 26749495
2024 Long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 attenuates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by improving inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function through mediating the miR-501-3p/CADM1/STAT3 axis. International immunopharmacology 15 38237222
2021 MCM3AP-AS1 promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells via the miR-138/FOXC1 axis. Oncology letters 15 33510812
2022 A review on the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in the carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Cancer cell international 14 35790972
2022 The role of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in human cancer. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 14 36002764
2020 MiR-34a Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Targeting lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1. Cancer management and research 14 32606969
2010 MCM3AP is transcribed from a promoter within an intron of the overlapping gene for GANP. Journal of molecular biology 14 21195085
2020 MCM3AP-AS1/miR-876-5p/WNT5A axis regulates the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Cancer cell international 13 32684844
2020 lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting miR-363-5p. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 13 32742341
2012 The cellular protein MCM3AP is required for inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis by the IE86 protein of human cytomegalovirus. PloS one 13 23094019
2021 MCM3AP-AS1: An Indispensable Cancer-Related LncRNA. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 12 34692706
2021 Overexpression of long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via miR-143-3p/IGFBP5 axis. Human cell 12 34822133
2022 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 is downregulated in diabetic retinopathy and promotes cell apoptosis by regulating miR-211/SIRT1. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 11 35570299
2020 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via regulating miR-204-5p/FOXC1. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research 11 32690597
2020 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion Through Regulating miR-543-3p/SLC39A10/PTEN Axis in Prostate Cancer. OncoTargets and therapy 11 33061424
2010 Germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) is involved in mRNA export of Shugoshin-1 required for centromere cohesion and in sister-chromatid exchange. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 11 20384790
2021 LncRNA-MCM3AP-AS1 Promotes the Progression of Infantile Hemangiomas by Increasing miR-138-5p/HIF-1α Axis-Regulated Glycolysis. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 10 34660700
2021 Long non-coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 facilitates colorectal cancer progression by regulating the microRNA-599/ARPP19 axis. Oncology letters 9 33613714
2021 MCM3AP-AS1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells via binding with ZFP36. Translational cancer research 9 35116304
2014 GANP regulates the choice of DNA repair pathway by DNA-PKcs interaction in AID-dependent IgV region diversification. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 9 24808370
2024 Diagnostic and Predictive Value of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in Sepsis and Its Regulatory Role in Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction. Cardiovascular toxicology 8 39085530
2023 Extracellular vesicles derived from cervical cancer cells carrying MCM3AP-AS1 promote angiogenesis and tumor growth in cervical cancer via the miR-93/p21 axis. Experimental cell research 8 37137462
2022 Long non-coding RNA MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 silencing upregulates microRNA-24-3p to accelerate proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in myocardial infarction rats by reducing EIF4G2. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 8 35113004
2020 Long non‑coding RNA MCM3AP‑AS1 drives ovarian cancer progression via the microRNA‑143‑3p/TAK1 axis. Oncology reports 8 32945454
2016 Germinal Center B-Cell-Associated Nuclear Protein (GANP) Involved in RNA Metabolism for B Cell Maturation. Advances in immunology 8 27235683
2012 Selective cell death of p53-insufficient cancer cells is induced by knockdown of the mRNA export molecule GANP. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 8 22395445
2006 Increased expression of germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) is associated with malignant transformation of melanocytes. Journal of dermatological science 7 16431081
2022 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Regulates miR-21/PTEN Axis to Affect Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression 6 35695665
2022 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 serves as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-218 to upregulate GLUT1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 6 35929906
2021 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Downregulates LncRNA MEG3 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer to Inhibit the Proliferation of Cancer Cells. Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression 6 34587438
2020 A Novel Cytological Model of B-Cell/Macrophage Biphenotypic Cell Hodgkin Lymphoma in Ganp-Transgenic Mice. Cancers 6 31947626
2019 Family with primary periodic paralysis and a mutation in MCM3AP, a gene implicated in mRNA transport. Muscle & nerve 6 31241196
2013 GANP interacts with APOBEC3G and facilitates its encapsidation into the virions to reduce HIV-1 infectivity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 6 24198285
2001 PU.1 is involved in the regulation of B lineage-associated and developmental stage-dependent expression of the germinal center-associated DNA primase GANP. The Journal of biological chemistry 6 11641399
2023 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 is downregulated in atherosclerosis and sponges miR-448 to suppress vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Medicine 5 37266599
2019 Recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth and multiple sclerosis associated with a variant in MCM3AP. Brain communications 5 32954258
2012 Lyn signaling to upregulate GANP is critical for the survival of high-affinity B cells in germinal centers of lymphoid organs. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 5 22942428
2005 Cutting edge: double-stranded DNA breaks in the IgV region gene were detected at lower frequency in affinity-maturation impeded GANP-/- mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 5 16237049
2022 Long Non-Coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1: A Crucial Role in Human Malignancies. Pathology oncology research : POR 4 35783356
2020 Long noncoding RNA MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 is downregulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and regulates human bronchial smooth muscle cell proliferation. The Journal of international medical research 4 32940099
2010 MCM3AP, a novel HBV integration site in hepatocellular carcinoma and its implication in hepatocarcinogenesis. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 4 20714864
2006 Functional interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and GANP/MCM3AP. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 4 16914116
2003 Spontaneous increase of plasma-like cells with high GANP expression in the extrafollicular region of lymphoid organs of autoimmune-prone mice. Journal of autoimmunity 4 12791315
2002 Involvement of GANP in B cell activation in T cell-dependent antigen response. Developmental immunology 4 12885157
2024 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer through the miR-524-5p/RBM39 axis. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 3 38472681
2022 MCM3AP-AS1: A LncRNA Participating in the Tumorigenesis of Cancer Through Multiple Pathways. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 3 35156580
2024 Tumorigenesis Caused by Aberrant Expression of GANP, a Central Component in the Mammalian TREX-2 Complex-Lessons from Transcription-Coupled DNA Damages. International journal of molecular sciences 2 39769375
2023 WITHDRAWN: LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Enhances Cell Invasion, Migration and Tumor Formation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Epigenetic Inhibition of miR-34a. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 2 36815649
2024 Carcinogenesis caused by transcription-coupled DNA damage through GANP and other components of the TREX-2 complex. Pathology international 1 38411330
2024 Identification of biallelic mutations in MCM3AP and comprehensive literature analysis. Frontiers in genetics 1 39228414
2023 Two Cases of Periodic Paralysis Associated With MCM3AP Variants. Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease 1 37611268
2021 [Retracted] Long non‑coding RNA MCM3AP‑AS1 drives ovarian cancer progression via the microRNA‑143‑3p/TAK1 axis. Oncology reports 1 34212988
2017 Integrity of immunoglobulin variable regions is supported by GANP during AID-induced somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells. International immunology 1 28541550
2026 Motor Neuronopathy With Widespread Fasciculations in MCM3AP-Related Disorder: Clinical and Muscle MRI Insights. Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS 0 41819534
2025 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting miR-27b-3p. Neurological research 0 40641185
2025 Silencing lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 protects against cisplatin-induced cell death in A549 lung cancer cells. Molecular biology reports 0 40660060
2023 LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion Through Regulating miR-543-3p/SLC39A10/PTEN Axis in Prostate Cancer [Retraction]. OncoTargets and therapy 0 37465588
2021 Molecular mechanisms of MCM3AP-AS1 targeted the regulation of miR-708-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 0 34730189

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