Affinage

CAP1

Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 · UniProt Q01518

Round 2 corrected
Length
475 aa
Mass
51.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 12 papers cited in narrative 12 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CAP1 is a conserved, abundant actin-regulatory protein that drives rapid actin filament turnover by coupling cofilin-mediated F-actin severing to nucleotide exchange on actin monomers. Its hexameric N-terminal domain binds F-actin and enhances cofilin-mediated severing, while its C-terminal β-sheet domain catalyzes ADP-to-ATP exchange on G-actin monomers to regenerate polymerization-competent actin; CAP1 also coordinates cofilin subcellular localization, and its depletion impairs cell migration, morphology, and endocytosis (PMID:11950878, PMID:15004221, PMID:25228691). GSK3-mediated phosphorylation at tandem serines (S307/S309 in mouse; S308/S310 in human) switches CAP1 between cofilin-binding and actin-binding states to control severing-cycle dynamics, and phosphomimetic mutations at these sites promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in cancer cells (PMID:25315833, PMID:34636991). Beyond cytoskeletal regulation, CAP1 translocates to mitochondria early in apoptosis to promote cofilin-dependent cell death (PMID:18716285), forms a complex with adenylyl cyclase 3 and G-actin downstream of cAMP signaling (PMID:27891679), and functions as a receptor for resistin to activate STAT3 in pancreatic cancer cells (PMID:30317640).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1996 Medium

    Establishing that human CAP self-associates and binds actin via its C-terminal domain answered the basic question of whether CAP oligomerizes and which domain contacts actin in mammalian cells.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation from yeast and mammalian cell extracts with domain truncations

    PMID:8761950

    Open questions at the time
    • Oligomeric stoichiometry was not determined
    • No functional consequence of self-association was tested
    • Two-hybrid interactions not validated by in vitro reconstitution with purified proteins
  2. 2002 High

    Defining the division of labor between CAP1 domains — N-terminal domain accelerates cofilin-dependent F-actin depolymerization, C-terminal domain catalyzes nucleotide exchange on G-actin — established the mechanistic basis for CAP1 as a recycler of both cofilin and actin monomers.

    Evidence In vitro F-actin depolymerization assays and nucleotide exchange assays with domain deletion constructs of human CAP1

    PMID:11950878

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for N-terminal domain interaction with the actin-cofilin complex was unknown
    • In vivo relevance of nucleotide exchange activity was not tested
  3. 2004 High

    Demonstrating that CAP1 knockdown in mammalian cells causes cofilin mislocalization, impaired actin dynamics, and defective migration/endocytosis established CAP1 as essential for cofilin function and actin turnover in vivo.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in NIH3T3 and B16F1 cells with immunofluorescence, migration, and endocytosis assays

    PMID:15004221

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CAP1 and CAP2 are functionally redundant in specific tissues was not addressed
    • Mechanism by which CAP1 maintains cofilin localization was not resolved
  4. 2007 High

    Identification of a direct CAP–profilin interaction through a proline-rich motif, supporting a ternary CAP–ADP-actin–profilin complex, revealed how CAP interfaces with the profilin actin-recycling pathway.

    Evidence Direct binding assays (KD ~1.3 µM), pulldowns, and yeast genetic epistasis with Srv2/CAP

    PMID:17376963

    Open questions at the time
    • Ternary complex was not structurally resolved
    • Functional importance of this interaction in mammalian cells was not tested
  5. 2008 High

    Discovery that CAP1 translocates to mitochondria early in apoptosis and is required for efficient cell death revealed a non-cytoskeletal function linking actin regulation to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

    Evidence Live-cell GFP-CAP1 imaging, domain deletion, and siRNA knockdown apoptosis resistance assays

    PMID:18716285

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the mitochondrial receptor for CAP1 was not determined
    • Whether actin-binding by the C-terminal domain is catalytically required or serves as a scaffold at mitochondria was unclear
  6. 2014 High

    Structural and biochemical dissection of the mammalian CAP1 hexamer — showing N-terminal hexameric ring binds and remodels F-actin to enhance cofilin severing, while the C-terminal β-sheet plus WH2 domain catalyze nucleotide exchange — provided a near-complete reconstituted model of the severing-recycling mechanism.

    Evidence Electron microscopy of N-CAP1 hexamers, in vitro severing and nucleotide exchange assays with domain mutants, cross-species activity tests

    PMID:25228691

    Open questions at the time
    • High-resolution atomic structure of the full-length hexamer was lacking
    • How hexamer assembly is regulated in cells was not addressed
  7. 2014 High

    Identification of GSK3-dependent phosphorylation at S307/S309 as a switch controlling cofilin versus actin binding resolved how CAP1 activity is regulated to permit iterative severing cycles.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry phosphosite mapping, GSK3 kinase assays, co-immunoprecipitation of phosphomutants with cofilin/actin, phenotypic rescue in cells

    PMID:25315833

    Open questions at the time
    • The phosphatase(s) that dephosphorylate these sites were not identified
    • Whether additional kinases contribute was not excluded
  8. 2016 Medium

    Formation of an AC3/CAP1/G-actin complex upon cAMP elevation that inhibits filopodia and migration placed CAP1 as an effector linking adenylyl cyclase signaling to actin remodeling.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation after forskolin stimulation, shRNA knockdown of AC3 or CAP1, migration/invasion assays in pancreatic cancer cells

    PMID:27891679

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding between AC3 and CAP1 was not demonstrated with purified proteins
    • Whether this complex forms in non-cancer cell types was not tested
    • Stoichiometry of the AC3/CAP1/G-actin complex was not determined
  9. 2018 Medium

    Establishing CAP1 as a functional receptor for resistin that activates STAT3 expanded CAP1's role beyond cytoskeletal regulation to extracellular ligand-mediated signaling in cancer.

    Evidence shRNA silencing of CAP1 and TLR4, STAT3 phosphorylation, proliferation/migration assays, xenograft model in pancreatic cancer

    PMID:30317640

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ligand-receptor binding between resistin and CAP1 extracellular/surface domain was not demonstrated biophysically
    • How a primarily cytoplasmic protein functions as a cell-surface receptor was not mechanistically resolved
    • Whether resistin–CAP1 interaction occurs in non-cancer contexts was not tested
  10. 2021 Medium

    Phosphomimetic S308/S310 mutations in human CAP1 drive EMT and metastasis in lung cancer, translating the phosphorylation-switch mechanism into a disease-relevant oncogenic context.

    Evidence Phosphomimetic and non-phosphorylatable constructs, F-actin/G-actin ratio assays, EMT markers, xenograft metastasis model

    PMID:34636991

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CAP1 phosphorylation is a driver or passenger event in human tumors was not determined
    • Upstream regulation of GSK3-mediated CAP1 phosphorylation in cancer was not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A high-resolution structure of full-length hexameric CAP1 in complex with cofilin-decorated F-actin is still needed to explain how the severing-recycling machine is assembled, and the mechanism by which CAP1 functions as a surface receptor for resistin remains structurally and topologically unresolved.
  • No atomic-resolution structure of full-length mammalian CAP1 hexamer
  • Membrane topology enabling resistin receptor function is unexplained
  • Phosphatases counteracting GSK3-mediated CAP1 phosphorylation are unidentified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 1
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 1
Partners
ACTBADCY3CAP2CFL1GSK3BPFN1RETN
Complex memberships
Actin-cofilin-CAP1 complexCAP1 hexamer

Evidence

Reading pass · 12 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 Human CAP1 (p55/ASP56) is a component of the actin-cofilin complex. The N-terminal domain of CAP1, not the C-terminal domain, mediates interaction with the actin-cofilin complex. The N-terminal domain accelerates F-actin depolymerization at the pointed end (enhanced by cofilin), while the C-terminal domain catalyzes ADP-to-ATP nucleotide exchange on G-actin monomers, regenerating polymerization-competent actin. Additionally, the N-terminal domain relieves cofilin-mediated inhibition of nucleotide exchange, establishing CAP1 as a key recycler of both cofilin and actin for rapid filament turnover. Biochemical fractionation, domain deletion analysis, in vitro F-actin depolymerization assays, nucleotide exchange assays Journal of cell science High 11950878
2004 CAP1 is widely expressed in mammalian nonmuscle cells and colocalizes with cofilin-1 at dynamic cortical actin regions. CAP1 knockdown causes accumulation of cofilin-1 into abnormal cytoplasmic aggregates and cytoskeletal defects similar to cofilin knockdown, demonstrating that CAP1 is required for proper subcellular localization and function of ADF/cofilin. CAP1 depletion impairs rapid actin filament depolymerization, cell morphology, migration, and endocytosis. siRNA knockdown in NIH3T3 and B16F1 cells, immunofluorescence colocalization, cell migration assays, endocytosis assays Molecular biology of the cell High 15004221
2007 Srv2/CAP (yeast ortholog of CAP1) interacts directly with profilin (KD ~1.3 µM) through a specific proline-rich motif. ADP-actin monomers and profilin do not interfere with each other's binding to Srv2, supporting formation of a ternary Srv2-ADP-actin-profilin complex. Genetic analysis of an Srv2 allele defective in profilin binding (srv2-201) shows that this interaction is not essential but modulates actin organization and partially suppresses growth defects of actin-binding profilin mutants. Direct binding assays (KD measurement), in vitro pulldown, yeast genetics/epistasis, cell biological analysis Journal of cell science High 17376963
2008 CAP1 translocates to mitochondria early in apoptosis, independently of caspase activation. This translocation is proapoptotic: CAP1-knockdown cells are resistant to apoptosis inducers, and overexpressed CAP1 stimulates cofilin-induced apoptosis. Proapoptotic function requires both a mitochondrial-targeting domain in the N-terminus and the C-terminal actin-binding domain, identifying CAP1 as a shuttle linking the actin cytoskeleton to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Live-cell imaging of GFP-tagged CAP1, siRNA knockdown, domain deletion mutants, apoptosis resistance assays Journal of cell science High 18716285
1996 Human CAP self-associates and also interacts with CAP2 and with actin in vivo. Self-association involves both N-terminal and C-terminal domains. The interaction with actin requires the C-terminal domain but not the N-terminal domain of CAP. These interactions were demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation from both yeast and mammalian cell extracts. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation from yeast and mammalian cells, GST pulldown Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 8761950
2014 Mouse CAP1 N-terminal half forms hexameric structures with six protrusions (analogous to yeast Srv2 hexamers). N-CAP1 binds F-actin independently, decorates filament sides and ends, alters F-actin structure, and enhances cofilin-mediated severing via conserved surface residues on its helical-folded domain. The C-terminal actin-binding β-sheet domain of CAP1 alone catalyzes nucleotide exchange on ADP-actin monomers; in the presence of cofilin, this activity additionally requires the WH2 domain. Cross-species activity conservation demonstrated by N-CAP1 enhancing yeast cofilin-mediated severing and vice versa. Electron microscopy (hexamer structure), in vitro F-actin binding/decoration assays, cofilin-mediated severing assays, nucleotide exchange assays, domain mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 25228691
2014 CAP1 phosphorylation at S307 and S309 (mouse; equivalent to S308/S310 in human) is a regulatory mechanism controlling its binding partners. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was identified as a kinase phosphorylating S309. A phosphomimetic S307D/S309D mutant loses cofilin binding and causes actin stress fiber accumulation (mimicking CAP1 depletion). A non-phosphorylatable S307A/S309A mutant shows dramatically increased cofilin binding and reduced actin binding. These tandem sites function cooperatively to facilitate cofilin release for subsequent actin severing cycles. Mass spectrometry phosphorylation mapping, kinase assays with GSK3, co-immunoprecipitation of phosphomutants with cofilin/actin, cell morphology phenotype rescue experiments Journal of cell science High 25315833
2008 CAP1 is a highly efficient intracellular substrate of the extracellular protease gelatinase B (MMP-9). When cells undergo apoptosis or necrosis, released CAP1 is cleaved by MMP-9 at a rate comparable to gelatin (natural MMP-9 substrate). CAP1 was detected in urine of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and renal failure, where activated MMP-9 co-occurred with evidence of CAP1 cleavage in vivo. In vitro protease cleavage assay (dying human myelomonocytic cells), mass spectrometry identification of substrate, clinical urine samples analysis Experimental cell research Medium 18671965
2016 In pancreatic cancer cells, CAP1 forms a complex with adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3) and G-actin upon forskolin stimulation. Formation of this AC3/CAP1/G-actin complex inhibits filopodia formation and cell migration/invasion. Knockdown of AC3 or CAP1 independently abolished the anti-migratory effects of forskolin, placing CAP1 downstream of cAMP/AC3 signaling as a mediator of actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, shRNA knockdown of AC3/CAP1, migration/invasion assays, filopodia quantification Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 27891679
2018 CAP1 functions as a receptor for the adipokine resistin, mediating resistin-induced proliferation, migration, invasion, and STAT3 activation in pancreatic cancer cells. Combined silencing of CAP1 and TLR4 (the two known resistin receptors) most effectively attenuated resistin effects in vitro and in vivo (xenograft model), and resistin-induced gemcitabine resistance was dependent on the presence of CAP1 and TLR4. shRNA silencing of CAP1 and TLR4, cell proliferation/migration/invasion assays, STAT3 phosphorylation Western blot, xenograft mouse model Journal of cellular physiology Medium 30317640
2019 CAP1 in breast cancer cells controls both invasiveness and proliferation through context-dependent mechanisms. In metastatic breast cancer cells, CAP1 depletion increases cell adhesion and decreases invasiveness, with corresponding activation of FAK and ERK; in non-metastatic cells, the opposite effects on adhesion signaling are observed. CAP1 also regulates ERK activity to control proliferation, implicating a FAK/ERK axis as the downstream signal mediating CAP1's context-dependent effects. siRNA knockdown in multiple breast cancer cell lines, FAK/ERK phosphorylation analysis, cell adhesion and invasion assays International journal of molecular sciences Medium 31151140
2021 CAP1 phosphorylation at S308 and S310 (human) promotes lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Phosphomimetic mutations at these sites drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while non-phosphorylatable mutations have the opposite effect. CAP1 knockdown increases the F-actin/G-actin ratio, consistent with its role in maintaining actin dynamics. shRNA/siRNA knockdown, phosphomimetic/non-phosphorylatable plasmid constructs, F-actin/G-actin ratio assay, EMT marker analysis, xenograft in vivo experiment Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology Medium 34636991

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 TRADD-TRAF2 and TRADD-FADD interactions define two distinct TNF receptor 1 signal transduction pathways. Cell 1709 8565075
2015 Phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING, and TRIF induces IRF3 activation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1601 25636800
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
1997 The c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2 proteins are direct inhibitors of specific caspases. The EMBO journal 1060 9384571
1996 TNF-dependent recruitment of the protein kinase RIP to the TNF receptor-1 signaling complex. Immunity 982 8612133
2000 Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor-adhesion protein signaling complexes. Nature neuroscience 977 10862698
1995 The Epstein-Barr virus transforming protein LMP1 engages signaling proteins for the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Cell 885 7859281
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2004 A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway. Nature cell biology 841 14743216
2007 Promiscuous mutations activate the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway in multiple myeloma. Cancer cell 835 17692805
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2005 Regulation of cap-dependent translation by eIF4E inhibitory proteins. Nature 780 15690031
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2005 Critical role of TRAF3 in the Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent antiviral response. Nature 701 16306936
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1999 Transcription activation by catabolite activator protein (CAP). Journal of molecular biology 654 10550204
1998 ASK1 is essential for JNK/SAPK activation by TRAF2. Molecular cell 556 9774977
2001 Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). Oncogene 532 11607847
1999 TRANCE, a TNF family member, activates Akt/PKB through a signaling complex involving TRAF6 and c-Src. Molecular cell 502 10635328
1997 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated kinase cascades: bifurcation of nuclear factor-kappaB and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) pathways at TNF receptor-associated factor 2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 496 9275204
2012 Relief of profound feedback inhibition of mitogenic signaling by RAF inhibitors attenuates their activity in BRAFV600E melanomas. Cancer cell 471 23153539
2000 The caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP promotes activation of NF-kappaB and Erk signaling pathways. Current biology : CB 466 10837247
1995 Involvement of CRAF1, a relative of TRAF, in CD40 signaling. Science (New York, N.Y.) 439 7533327
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2019 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TRAF3-dependent ubiquitination of ASC. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 397 31034780
2011 Expanding TRAF function: TRAF3 as a tri-faced immune regulator. Nature reviews. Immunology 393 21660053
2007 DUBA: a deubiquitinase that regulates type I interferon production. Science (New York, N.Y.) 391 17991829
2004 Regulation of the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase by tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3-induced degradation. The Journal of biological chemistry 387 15084608
1998 The TRAF family of signal transducers mediates NF-kappaB activation by the TRANCE receptor. The Journal of biological chemistry 380 9774460
1990 Monomethylated cap structures facilitate RNA export from the nucleus. Cell 355 2208274
2001 Ceramide enables fas to cap and kill. The Journal of biological chemistry 313 11287428
2007 A hypoxia-controlled cap-dependent to cap-independent translation switch in breast cancer. Molecular cell 253 17996713
2004 Cap-dependent and cap-independent translation in eukaryotic systems. Gene 205 15145049
2015 Discovery of m(7)G-cap in eukaryotic mRNAs. Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences 192 26460318
1993 Transcription activation at Class I CAP-dependent promoters. Molecular microbiology 191 8394979
2001 Suppression of cap-dependent translation in mitosis. Genes & development 187 11511540
2018 mRNA cap regulation in mammalian cell function and fate. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms 175 30312682
2004 Cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) promotes cofilin-induced actin dynamics in mammalian nonmuscle cells. Molecular biology of the cell 170 15004221
2009 Regulation of mRNA cap methylation. The Biochemical journal 168 20025612
2014 Cap-binding complex (CBC). The Biochemical journal 166 24354960
2002 Human CAP1 is a key factor in the recycling of cofilin and actin for rapid actin turnover. Journal of cell science 166 11950878
2013 Inhibition of translation by IFIT family members is determined by their ability to interact selectively with the 5'-terminal regions of cap0-, cap1- and 5'ppp- mRNAs. Nucleic acids research 164 24371270
1996 General RNA binding proteins render translation cap dependent. The EMBO journal 156 9003790
2010 Characterization of hMTr1, a human Cap1 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase. The Journal of biological chemistry 149 20713356
2010 SOMBRERO, BEARSKIN1, and BEARSKIN2 regulate root cap maturation in Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 148 20197506
2018 Nanopillar force measurements reveal actin-cap-mediated YAP mechanotransduction. Nature cell biology 143 29403039
2010 Enzymology of RNA cap synthesis. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 129 21956912
2020 Molecular Mechanisms of the Efficacy of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) in Cancer Treatment. Cancers 101 31979114
2011 PAR2 absence completely rescues inflammation and ichthyosis caused by altered CAP1/Prss8 expression in mouse skin. Nature communications 95 21245842
2008 Capturing protein tails by CAP-Gly domains. Trends in biochemical sciences 95 18835717
2015 mRNA export through an additional cap-binding complex consisting of NCBP1 and NCBP3. Nature communications 92 26382858
2020 The Cap-Snatching Mechanism of Bunyaviruses. Trends in microbiology 89 31948728
2004 'Cap-tabolism'. Trends in biochemical sciences 87 15362228
2011 RAM/Fam103a1 is required for mRNA cap methylation. Molecular cell 86 22099306
2012 The Cyclase-associated protein Cap1 is important for proper regulation of infection-related morphogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS pathogens 84 22969430
1993 CAP interacts with RNA polymerase in solution in the absence of promoter DNA. Nature 83 8393148
2002 Titin-cap associates with, and regulates secretion of, Myostatin. Journal of cellular physiology 81 12209887
2008 Analysis of flavivirus NS5 methyltransferase cap binding. Journal of molecular biology 78 19101564
1991 Heat shock impairs the interaction of cap-binding protein complex with 5' mRNA cap. The Journal of biological chemistry 77 1993658
2007 Co-localization of the channel activating protease prostasin/(CAP1/PRSS8) with its candidate activator, matriptase. Journal of cellular physiology 74 17471493
2010 The osteogenic properties of CaP/silk composite scaffolds. Biomaterials 72 20071025
2008 Mitochondrial shuttling of CAP1 promotes actin- and cofilin-dependent apoptosis. Journal of cell science 71 18716285
2018 Insight into Influenza: A Virus Cap-Snatching. Viruses 69 30453478
2013 Ybp1 and Gpx3 signaling in Candida albicans govern hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation of the Cap1 transcription factor and macrophage escape. Antioxidants & redox signaling 68 23706023
2014 RNA methyltransferases involved in 5' cap biosynthesis. RNA biology 64 25626080
2021 Upregulation of RNA cap methyltransferase RNMT drives ribosome biogenesis during T cell activation. Nucleic acids research 61 34125914
2012 Reduced prostasin (CAP1/PRSS8) activity eliminates HAI-1 and HAI-2 deficiency-associated developmental defects by preventing matriptase activation. PLoS genetics 61 22952456
2021 A safety cap protects hydrogenase from oxygen attack. Nature communications 58 33531463
2009 HIV- 1 protease inhibits Cap- and poly(A)-dependent translation upon eIF4GI and PABP cleavage. PloS one 56 19956697
2007 Arabidopsis CAP1 - a key regulator of actin organisation and development. Journal of cell science 56 17635992
2020 The multifaceted eukaryotic cap structure. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 54 33300197
2018 The dynamics of root cap sloughing in Arabidopsis is regulated by peptide signalling. Nature plants 54 30061750
2014 Structure and mechanism of mouse cyclase-associated protein (CAP1) in regulating actin dynamics. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 25228691
2013 Potential therapeutic applications of RNA cap analogs. Future medicinal chemistry 53 23795970
2014 The Cap1-claudin-4 regulatory pathway is important for renal chloride reabsorption and blood pressure regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 52 25157135
2007 Mechanism and biological role of profilin-Srv2/CAP interaction. Journal of cell science 52 17376963
2020 Structural model for differential cap maturation at growing microtubule ends. eLife 49 32151315
2019 Differential requirements for cyclase-associated protein (CAP) in actin-dependent processes of Toxoplasma gondii. eLife 49 31577230
1996 Mammalian CAP interacts with CAP, CAP2, and actin. Journal of cellular biochemistry 46 8761950
2010 The root cap at the forefront. Comptes rendus biologies 43 20371108
2006 Adenosine kinase modulates root gravitropism and cap morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Plant physiology 43 16891550
1995 Differential expression of CAP and CAP2 in adult rat tissues. Gene 42 8522189
2012 Synthesis of 5' cap-0 and cap-1 RNAs using solid-phase chemistry coupled with enzymatic methylation by human (guanine-N⁷)-methyl transferase. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 41 22334760
2023 Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 40 37671141
2017 Dual 5' Cap Labeling Based on Regioselective RNA Methyltransferases and Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 40 27869340
2023 Cholesterol-Amino-Phosphate (CAP) Derived Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of Self-Amplifying RNA and Restoration of Spermatogenesis in Infertile Mice. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 39 36748274
2016 Cap-like structures in bacterial RNA and epitranscriptomic modification. Current opinion in microbiology 38 26779928
2011 Differential requirement of the transcription factor Mcm1 for activation of the Candida albicans multidrug efflux pump MDR1 by its regulators Mrr1 and Cap1. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 38 21343453
2011 An unconventional pathway of mRNA cap formation by vesiculoviruses. Virus research 38 21945214
2020 Combination therapy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with temozolomide in the treatment of U87MG glioblastoma cells. Scientific reports 37 33020527
2013 Phosphoregulation of the titin-cap protein telethonin in cardiac myocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 24280220
2017 Boundary cap cells in development and disease. Current opinion in neurobiology 35 29174469
2022 HIV-1 hypermethylated guanosine cap licenses specialized translation unaffected by mTOR. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 34 34949712
2017 Regulation and function of CMTR1-dependent mRNA cap methylation. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 34 28971629
2014 Phosphorylation of the cytoskeletal protein CAP1 controls its association with cofilin and actin. Journal of cell science 34 25315833
2008 Opposing effects of inhibiting cap addition and cap methylation on polyadenylation during vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA synthesis. Journal of virology 32 19073725
2020 CAPt'n of Actin Dynamics: Recent Advances in the Molecular, Developmental and Physiological Functions of Cyclase-Associated Protein (CAP). Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 31 33072768
2020 Combinatorial Effect of Cold Atmosphere Plasma (CAP) and the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin on Oral Squamous Cell Cancer Therapy. International journal of molecular sciences 31 33076565
2007 Identification of CAP as a costameric protein that interacts with filamin C. Molecular biology of the cell 30 17898075
2020 Protein glycation and oxidation inhibitory activity of Centella asiatica phenolics (CAP) in glucose-mediated bovine serum albumin glycoxidation. Food chemistry 28 32615389
2018 Resistin effects on pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance are mediated through its receptors CAP1 and TLR4. Journal of cellular physiology 28 30317640
2016 mRNA Cap Methylation in Pluripotency and Differentiation. Cell reports 28 27452456
2012 The IGR-CaP1 xenograft model recapitulates mixed osteolytic/blastic bone lesions observed in metastatic prostate cancer. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 28 22745584
2017 Structural insights into reptarenavirus cap-snatching machinery. PLoS pathogens 27 28505175
2013 Upregulated expression of CAP1 is associated with tumor migration and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathology, research and practice 27 24359721
2010 Myc Regulation of mRNA Cap Methylation. Genes & cancer 27 21170289
2022 Engineering CpG-ASO-Pt-Loaded Macrophages (CAP@M) for Synergistic Chemo-/Gene-/Immuno-Therapy. Advanced healthcare materials 26 35668035
2021 Phosphorylation of CAP1 regulates lung cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 26 34636991
2019 Various exercise intensities differentially regulate GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the rat hippocampus. Gene 26 30682386
2013 The channel-activating protease CAP1/Prss8 is required for placental labyrinth maturation. PloS one 26 23405214
2015 CAP1 is overexpressed in human epithelial ovarian cancer and promotes cell proliferation. International journal of molecular medicine 25 25652936
2010 Stemness markers characterize IGR-CaP1, a new cell line derived from primary epithelial prostate cancer. Experimental cell research 25 20974126
2024 Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP): a revolutionary approach in dermatology and skincare. European journal of medical research 24 39367460
2021 eIF4E-homologous protein (4EHP): a multifarious cap-binding protein. The FEBS journal 24 34758096
2014 PRMT5 is essential for the eIF4E-mediated 5'-cap dependent translation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 24 25234597
1998 Abnormal mucus in cap polyposis. Gut 24 9518233
2024 The mechanism of mRNA cap recognition. Nature 23 39663447
2015 Distinct Developmental Functions of Prostasin (CAP1/PRSS8) Zymogen and Activated Prostasin. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 26719335
2008 Cap-dependent translation initiation and memory. Progress in brain research 23 18394468
2023 Arabidopsis DXO1 activates RNMT1 to methylate the mRNA guanosine cap. Nature communications 22 36639378
2017 Research of Mrr1, Cap1 and MDR1 in Candida albicans resistant to azole medications. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 22 29434708
2016 Adenylyl cyclase 3/adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) complex mediates the anti-migratory effect of forskolin in pancreatic cancer cells. Molecular carcinogenesis 22 27891679
2014 Distinct features of cap binding by eIF4E1b proteins. Journal of molecular biology 22 25463438
2019 CAPAM: The mRNA Cap Adenosine N6-Methyltransferase. Trends in biochemical sciences 21 30679132
2019 The Cytoskeletal Protein Cyclase-Associated Protein 1 (CAP1) in Breast Cancer: Context-Dependent Roles in Both the Invasiveness and Proliferation of Cancer Cells and Underlying Cell Signals. International journal of molecular sciences 21 31151140
2008 Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein-1/CAP1 as a biological target substrate of gelatinase B/MMP-9. Experimental cell research 20 18671965
2000 Increase in cap- and IRES-dependent protein synthesis by overproduction of translation initiation factor eIF4G. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 11027650