Affinage

BTG1

Protein BTG1 · UniProt P62324

Length
171 aa
Mass
19.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
86 papers in source corpus 30 papers cited in narrative 30 extracted findings
Cross-family judge faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BTG1 is an antiproliferative transcriptional cofactor and post-transcriptional regulator that enforces cellular quiescence and terminal differentiation across hematopoietic, neural, muscle, and cardiac lineages (PMID:1373383, PMID:32165587). It operates through two convergent biochemical activities. First, BTG1 binds the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 and modulates its enzymatic activity (PMID:8663146), a partnership required for BTG1's growth-arrest function in B lymphoma cells (PMID:17466295) and for arginine methylation of substrates including ATF4 at R239, which tunes the ATF4-dependent stress response (PMID:26657730); through this PRMT1 axis BTG1 also acts as a coactivator, recruiting PRMT1 to the glucocorticoid receptor promoter to support GR autoinduction (PMID:20354172). Second, BTG1 stimulates mRNA deadenylation and decay by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylase via its CAF1 subunits (CNOT7/CNOT8) and engaging PABPC1, interactions mapped to its conserved boxB and boxC motifs; this deadenylation activity maintains lymphocyte quiescence by limiting global mRNA abundance and poly(A) tail length (PMID:9712883, PMID:32165587, PMID:34060423). The CAF1 interaction is gated by CDK2/cyclin E- or A-dependent phosphorylation of BTG1 at Ser-159 (PMID:9820826). BTG1 additionally functions as a transcriptional coregulator of nuclear receptors (T3R, RARs), MyoD, and the homeodomain protein Hoxb9 through its A box, C-terminal region, and LXXLL motifs (PMID:10617598, PMID:11136725, PMID:15674337), and it suppresses β-catenin/TCF4 complex formation to restrain c-Myc and Cyclin D1 (PMID:41950351). BTG1 expression is itself controlled transcriptionally by FoxO3a and AP-1 and post-transcriptionally by PUM2 binding its 3'UTR (PMID:14734530, PMID:10366433, PMID:30787206). Loss-of-function BTG1 variants in non-Hodgkin lymphoma impair CNOT7/CNOT8 binding and abolish antiproliferative activity, and BTG1 mutations drive a B-cell supercompetitor phenotype during affinity maturation by altering MYC induction kinetics, establishing BTG1 as a tumor suppressor in germinal-center lymphomagenesis (PMID:33021411, PMID:36656933).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Established BTG1 as a cell-cycle-regulated antiproliferative gene, defining the phenotype that all later mechanism had to explain.

    Evidence Cell cycle staging by Northern blot plus gain-of-function transfection in NIH3T3 cells

    PMID:1373383

    Open questions at the time
    • No molecular mechanism for growth inhibition identified
    • No binding partners known at this stage
  2. 1996 High

    Identified PRMT1 as a BTG1 partner and showed BTG1 modulates its methyltransferase activity, providing the first enzymatic axis for BTG1 function.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, in vitro methyltransferase assay

    PMID:8663146

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrates of the BTG1/PRMT1 complex not defined
    • Direction of modulation (activation vs inhibition) in cells unresolved
  3. 1998 High

    Connected BTG1 to the CCR4-NOT deadenylase by mapping the boxB-dependent CAF1 interaction, and showed CDK2 phosphorylation at Ser-159 gates that interaction, linking cell-cycle state to deadenylase recruitment.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, reciprocal co-IP, in vitro kinase assay with Ser159Ala mutagenesis, co-IP in primary cells

    PMID:9712883 PMID:9820826

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of CAF1 recruitment on specific mRNAs not yet demonstrated
    • Kinase regulating Ser-159 in vivo context limited to in vitro CDK2 assays
  4. 2005 High

    Defined BTG1 as a coactivator of nuclear receptors, MyoD, and Hoxb9, showing its antiproliferative/differentiation role is partly transcriptional and domain-encoded.

    Evidence GST pulldown, co-IP, transcriptional reporter assays, LXXLL/A-box/C-terminal domain mutagenesis, EMSA across studies

    PMID:10617598 PMID:11136725 PMID:15674337

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether coactivation requires the PRMT1 or CAF1 activities not dissected
    • Endogenous target genes of these complexes not mapped
  5. 2010 High

    Showed the BTG1/PRMT1 complex acts as a promoter-recruited coactivator of the glucocorticoid receptor, linking BTG1 loss to glucocorticoid resistance.

    Evidence RNAi loss-of-function, ChIP for PRMT1 promoter recruitment, rescue by BTG1 re-expression

    PMID:20354172

    Open questions at the time
    • Methylation substrate at the GR locus not identified
    • Genome-wide BTG1/PRMT1 target set unknown
  6. 2016 High

    Identified ATF4 R239 as a specific BTG1/PRMT1 methylation target controlling stress transcription, linking the methylation axis to metabolic and stress phenotypes.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro methylation with site-specific mutagenesis, Btg1 knockout MEFs, in vivo liver steatosis and ATF4 epistasis models

    PMID:26657730 PMID:27188441

    Open questions at the time
    • How ATF4 methylation alters its activity mechanistically not fully resolved
    • Relationship between ATF4 and SCD1 regulation and the deadenylase activity unexplored
  7. 2020 High

    Demonstrated genetically that BTG1 (with BTG2) drives global mRNA deadenylation and decay to maintain lymphocyte quiescence, establishing post-transcriptional control as a core antiproliferative mechanism.

    Evidence Btg1/2 double-knockout mice, poly(A) tail length sequencing, mRNA half-life measurement, T cell activation assays

    PMID:32165587

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific target transcripts setting the activation threshold not enumerated
    • Redundancy and division of labor between BTG1 and BTG2 unresolved
  8. 2021 High

    Defined the boxC motif as necessary and sufficient for PABPC1 binding and deadenylation stimulation, structurally separating the RNA-decay function from PRMT1 association.

    Evidence NMR spectroscopy, boxC mutagenesis, in vitro and in cellulo deadenylation assays

    PMID:34060423

    Open questions at the time
    • Full assembly of BTG1 with CCR4-NOT and PABPC1 on a substrate mRNA not structurally resolved
    • Whether boxB and boxC act on overlapping or distinct mRNA pools unknown
  9. 2023 High

    Established BTG1 as a germinal-center tumor suppressor whose lymphoma variants impair CNOT7/CNOT8 binding and alter MYC induction kinetics and BCAR1-RAC1 signaling, tying its biochemical activities to lymphomagenesis.

    Evidence Systematic variant-interaction-function correlation, primary human lymphoma analysis, knockout mouse models, MYC dynamics, BCAR1 co-IP, dasatinib rescue

    PMID:33021411 PMID:36375119 PMID:36656933

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mRNA targets linking deadenylase loss to MYC kinetics not defined
    • Whether BCAR1 regulation is independent of the CCR4-NOT activity unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How BTG1's distinct activities — PRMT1-dependent methylation, CCR4-NOT deadenylation, nuclear-receptor coactivation, and β-catenin suppression — are coordinated or selectively deployed in a given cell type remains unresolved.
  • No unified model integrating the transcriptional and post-transcriptional functions
  • Tissue-specific target mRNA and substrate repertoires not mapped
  • Conformational dynamics linking mutations to partner-binding defects only modeled computationally [#19]

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2
Partners
ATF4BCAR1CNOT7CNOT8HOXB9MYODPABPC1PRMT1
Complex memberships
CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 30 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 BTG1 protein interacts with PRMT1 (protein-arginine N-methyltransferase 1) via yeast two-hybrid, and GST-BTG1 fusion protein quantitatively modulates endogenous PRMT1 methyltransferase activity, forming NG-monomethyl and asymmetric NG,NG-dimethylarginine on protein substrates. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, in vitro methyltransferase assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 8663146
1992 BTG1 expression is maximal in G0/G1 phases and is down-regulated as cells progress through G1; transfection of BTG1 into NIH3T3 cells negatively regulates cell proliferation. Northern blot (cell cycle staging), transient transfection with proliferation assay The EMBO journal High 1373383
1998 BTG1 and BTG2 physically interact with mCaf1 (mouse CCR4-associated factor 1) in vitro and in vivo (HeLa cells); the conserved box B domain of BTG1 is essential for this interaction, suggesting BTG proteins participate in transcriptional regulation of cell-cycle genes via the CCR4 complex. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, transient transfection/co-immunoprecipitation in HeLa cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 9712883
1998 Formation of the hCAF1/BTG1 complex in vitro requires phosphorylation of BTG1 at Ser-159 by CDK2/cyclin E or CDK2/cyclin A (but not CDK4/cyclin D1 or CDC2/cyclin B); the Ala-159 mutant fails to interact with hCAF1 in yeast; rCAF1 co-immunoprecipitates with BTG1 in the nucleus of contact-inhibited smooth muscle cells. Yeast two-hybrid with phosphorylation-site mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay, co-immunoprecipitation, cell synchrony experiments The Biochemical journal High 9820826
2000 BTG1 and BTG2 physically associate with the homeodomain protein Hoxb9 and enhance Hoxb9-mediated transcriptional activation; BTG2 facilitates Hoxb9 binding to DNA; the interaction is mediated by the N-terminal activation domain of Hoxb9. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, transient transfection transcriptional reporter assays, EMSA (Hoxb9.Btg2 complex on responsive element) The Journal of biological chemistry High 10617598
2001 BTG1 interacts with hCAF1 and hPOP2 (human CAF1 paralogs) in vitro and in vivo; BTG1, through these interactions with a CCR4-like complex, can positively or negatively regulate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated transcription; two LXXLL nuclear receptor boxes in BTG1 are required for regulation of ERα-mediated activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, transient transfection transcriptional reporter assays, domain mapping (LXXLL motif mutagenesis) The Journal of biological chemistry High 11136725
2001 The BTG1 B box drives nuclear localization and overlaps a functional Nuclear Export Signal (NES); the N-terminal 43 amino acids reduce nuclear accumulation; a nuclear-localized BTG1 mutant mimics BTG1's myogenic activity (enhanced G0/G1 arrest and terminal differentiation), while a cytoplasm-restricted mutant does not. Subcellular localization of BTG1-βGalactosidase fusion constructs by fluorescence imaging; functional differentiation assays Oncogene Medium 11420681
2004 BTG1 is a direct transcriptional target of FoxO3a in erythroid progenitors (promoter studies); BTG1 expression blocks erythroid colony outgrowth through a domain that binds PRMT1; inhibition of arginine methyltransferase activity blocks erythroid maturation, placing BTG1/PRMT1 in the FoxO3a-controlled erythroid differentiation pathway. Promoter-reporter assays (FoxO3a direct target), retroviral expression in primary mouse bone marrow cells, PRMT1-interaction domain mapping, pharmacological methyltransferase inhibition The Journal of cell biology High 14734530
2005 BTG1 directly interacts (via GST pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation) with T3 and all-trans retinoic acid receptors and with avian MyoD (CMD1), acting as a transcriptional coactivator; interaction is mediated by the transactivation domain of each transcription factor and the A box plus C-terminal region of BTG1; nuclear-receptor corepressor NCoR induces ligand-dependency; deletion of BTG1 interaction domains abolishes its myogenic influence. GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, transient transfection transcriptional assays, deletion/domain mutagenesis Oncogene High 15674337
2007 Btg1 induces G1 growth arrest in WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells via its box C region interaction with PRMT1; siRNA-mediated PRMT1 knockdown and methyltransferase inhibitor (AdOx) abrogate Btg1-induced growth inhibition, indicating that PRMT1 enzymatic activity is required for Btg1's antiproliferative function; anti-IgM stimulation triggers arginine methylation of a p36 substrate downstream of PRMT1. Retroviral overexpression, siRNA knockdown of PRMT1, pharmacological inhibition (AdOx), cell cycle analysis, immunoblot with asymmetric-methyl-arginine antibody Experimental cell research High 17466295
2010 BTG1 loss (by RNAi) causes glucocorticoid resistance by reducing glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and GR-mediated transcription; re-expression of BTG1 restores GR autoinduction; PRMT1 is recruited to the GR gene promoter in a BTG1-dependent manner, placing the BTG1/PRMT1 complex as a coactivator of GR-mediated gene expression. RNA interference, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), glucocorticoid response assays, reexpression rescue experiments Blood High 20354172
2016 BTG1 promotes PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation of ATF4 at residue R239, positively modulating ATF4 transcriptional activity under stress; BTG1 interacts with ATF4 (co-immunoprecipitation); loss of Btg1 in MEFs provides a survival advantage under stress conditions by altering ATF4-mediated stress responses. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro methylation assay with site-specific mutagenesis, Btg1 knockout MEFs, stress-survival assays Oncotarget High 26657730
2016 BTG1 overexpression decreases triglyceride accumulation and ameliorates liver steatosis by suppressing ATF4 transcriptional activity, which in turn inhibits SCD1 expression; knockdown of SCD1 phenocopies BTG1 overexpression; ATF4 overexpression negates BTG1's anti-steatosis effect; BTG1 abundance is regulated by an mTOR/S6K1/CREB pathway in response to a high-carbohydrate diet. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression/knockdown in db/db mice and wild-type mice, transgenic BTG1 mice, in vitro hepatocyte assays, epistasis via ATF4 co-overexpression Science signaling High 27188441
2015 BTG1 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity through upregulation of c-Jun expression; BTG1 stimulates c-Jun promoter activity and retinoic acid receptor activity; adenoviral c-Jun knockdown blocks BTG1-improved insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo, placing c-Jun downstream of BTG1 in this pathway. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression/knockdown, transgenic mice, in vitro signaling assays, epistasis via c-Jun knockdown rescue FASEB journal Medium 26396236
2020 BTG1 and BTG2 promote mRNA deadenylation and degradation, maintaining T cell quiescence; BTG1/2-deficient T cells show globally increased mRNA abundance and longer poly(A) tail length, lowering the activation threshold; BTG1/2 deficiency is specifically linked to increased polyadenylate tail length and mRNA half-life. Btg1/2 double-knockout mice, poly(A) tail length sequencing, mRNA half-life measurement, T cell activation assays Science High 32165587
2021 The boxC motif (conserved in BTG1 and BTG2 but not other APRO family members) is necessary and sufficient for interaction with the first RRM domain of cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein PABPC1 and for stimulation of mRNA deadenylation in cellulo and in vitro; boxC is not required for BTG2 association with PRMT1, contrary to prior inference. NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis of boxC motif, biochemical deadenylation assays in vitro and in cellulo RNA biology High 34060423
2020 BTG1 variants found in non-Hodgkin lymphoma impair interaction with CNOT7 and CNOT8 (Caf1 subunits of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex) and reduce anti-proliferative activity, translational repression, and mRNA degradation, demonstrating that these protein-protein interactions are functionally critical for BTG1's tumor suppressor activity. Protein interaction assays (16 BTG1 variants), cell cycle progression assays, translational repression assays, mRNA degradation assays Leukemia & lymphoma Medium 33021411
2023 BTG1 mutations in germinal center B cells confer a supercompetitor phenotype by altering MYC protein induction kinetics, disrupting a fitness-gating mechanism during antibody affinity maturation and promoting aggressive lymphomagenesis. Primary human lymphoma analysis, novel mouse models, MYC protein dynamics measurement Science High 36656933
2023 BTG1 physically interacts with the scaffolding protein BCAR1; BTG1 deletion or expression of patient-derived BTG1 mutations leads to overactivation of the BCAR1-RAC1 pathway, conferring increased B cell migration in vitro and in vivo; this is targetable with the SRC inhibitor dasatinib. Co-immunoprecipitation (BTG1-BCAR1 interaction), BTG1 knockout mouse model, in vitro and in vivo migration assays, pharmacological rescue with dasatinib Blood Medium 36375119
2022 MD simulations reveal that the α2-α4 helix interface of BTG1 undergoes conformational transitions between closed and open metastable states; DLBCL mutations (Q36H, F40C, Q45P, E50K, A83T, A84E) in this region overstabilize one state or distort helices, disrupting the native dynamics required for productive interactions with binding partners. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, Markov state modeling Biophysical journal Low 35459639
2015 Btg1 regulates proliferation of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs) selectively through cyclin D1; gain- and loss-of-function in a GCP cell line demonstrate that Btg1 controls GCP proliferation via cyclin D1, and Btg1 knockout causes hyperplasia of the external granule layer with impaired motor coordination. Btg1 knockout mice, GCP cell line gain/loss-of-function, cyclin D1 expression analysis, motor coordination behavioral tests Developmental biology Medium 26524254
2012 Ablation of Btg1 in mice causes premature exit of dentate gyrus and SVZ stem/progenitor cells from the cell cycle after S phase, followed by p53- and p21-dependent apoptosis, depleting the adult stem/progenitor pool and impairing contextual memory discrimination. Btg1 knockout mice, BrdU cell cycle analysis, p53/p21 immunostaining, TUNEL apoptosis assay, neurosphere self-renewal assays, behavioral tests Frontiers in neuroscience High 22969701
2023 Btg1 and Btg2 are required for neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest; Btg1/2 double knockout and AAV9-mediated double knockdown mouse hearts show increased mitotic cardiomyocytes at postnatal day 7; RNAseq of Btg1/2-depleted NRVMs implicates Btg1/2 in inhibiting cell proliferation and modulating reactive oxygen species response pathways linked to cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Constitutive double knockout mice, AAV9-mediated in vivo knockdown, siRNA in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, EdU/pHH3 proliferation assays, RNAseq Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology Medium 37062247
2015 Btg1 and Btg2 are required for normal vertebral patterning; Btg1-/- mice display partial posterior transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra; Btg1-/-;Btg2-/- double knockouts show stronger homeotic transformations, demonstrating Btg1 and Btg2 act synergistically in specifying axial skeleton identity, consistent with their roles as coregulators of Hox transcription factors. Single and double Btg1/Btg2 knockout mice, skeletal phenotype analysis PloS one Medium 26218146
2018 Combined loss of BTG1 and IKZF1 in mouse B cells increases glucocorticoid resistance beyond that caused by IKZF1 alone; BTG1 loss alone does not affect glucocorticoid sensitivity, but cooperates with IKZF1 loss specifically in this pathway; in vitro, Btg1/Ikzf1-deficient B cells show increased resistance to glucocorticoids but not other chemotherapy drugs. Btg1-knockout crossed onto Ikzf1-heterozygous mice, ex vivo glucocorticoid sensitivity assays, leukemia mouse model Haematologica Medium 27979924
2018 BTG1 deficiency enhances the self-renewal capacity of ETV6-RUNX1-positive hematopoietic progenitors and drives upregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 and downregulation of BCL6 targets p19Arf and Tp53; ectopic BCL6 expression phenocopies BTG1 loss, identifying BTG1-mediated suppression of BCL6 as a mechanism limiting leukemogenesis. Btg1 knockout mouse fetal liver progenitors with ETV6-RUNX1 expression, self-renewal/clonogenic assays, gene expression analysis, ectopic BCL6 epistasis Experimental hematology Medium 29408281
2020 In medulloblastoma, Btg1 deletion increases apoptosis of cerebellar granule cell precursors (synergistically with Ptch1+/- mutation), associated with increased PRMT1 protein expression; Btg1 ablation also increases the proportion of CD15+ tumor stem cells, suggesting Btg1 regulates the balance between apoptosis and stem cell quiescence in medulloblastoma. Btg1/Ptch1 compound knockout mice, caspase-3 immunostaining, CD15 stem cell marker, PRMT1 protein quantification Frontiers in oncology Medium 32231994
2026 BTG1 suppresses β-catenin signaling by inhibiting formation of the β-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional complex, leading to reduced c-Myc and Cyclin D1 expression; BTG1 is required for HDAC inhibitor-induced cell cycle arrest and autophagy in DLBCL cells; in vivo antitumor efficacy of HDAC inhibition depends on the BTG1/β-catenin axis. BTG1 siRNA knockdown/overexpression, β-catenin co-immunoprecipitation (β-catenin/TCF4 complex), cell cycle/autophagy assays, DLBCL xenograft mouse model Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 41950351
1999 T3 (triiodothyronine) and cAMP increase BTG1 nuclear accumulation in confluent myoblasts via increased nuclear import or retention, without direct transcriptional control of BTG1; AP-1 activity represses BTG1 expression via an AP-1-like sequence in the BTG1 promoter; BTG1 overexpression mimics T3/cAMP myogenic influence (inhibiting proliferation, promoting differentiation). Transient transfection reporter assays (BTG1 promoter), subcellular fractionation/immunolocalization, BTG1 overexpression functional assays Experimental cell research Medium 10366433
2019 PUM2 (RNA binding protein) directly binds the 3'UTR of BTG1 mRNA (RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation), repressing BTG1 expression; PUM2 knockdown increases BTG1 levels and suppresses glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration; BTG1 knockdown reverses the anti-proliferative effect of PUM2 knockdown, placing BTG1 downstream of PUM2. RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown of PUM2 and BTG1, cell proliferation and migration assays Cell structure and function Medium 30787206

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 86 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 The mammalian immediate-early TIS21 protein and the leukemia-associated BTG1 protein interact with a protein-arginine N-methyltransferase. The Journal of biological chemistry 418 8663146
1992 BTG1, a member of a new family of antiproliferative genes. The EMBO journal 277 1373383
2001 In search of a function for the TIS21/PC3/BTG1/TOB family. FEBS letters 216 11377414
2018 Tumor suppressors BTG1 and BTG2: Beyond growth control. Journal of cellular physiology 167 30350856
2020 mRNA destabilization by BTG1 and BTG2 maintains T cell quiescence. Science (New York, N.Y.) 146 32165587
2004 FoxO3a regulates erythroid differentiation and induces BTG1, an activator of protein arginine methyl transferase 1. The Journal of cell biology 143 14734530
1999 Tob2, a novel anti-proliferative Tob/BTG1 family member, associates with a component of the CCR4 transcriptional regulatory complex capable of binding cyclin-dependent kinases. Oncogene 129 10602502
1998 Interaction of BTG1 and p53-regulated BTG2 gene products with mCaf1, the murine homolog of a component of the yeast CCR4 transcriptional regulatory complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 126 9712883
2017 MicroRNA 301A Promotes Intestinal Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Cancer Development by Inhibiting BTG1. Gastroenterology 125 28193514
2000 The leukemia-associated protein Btg1 and the p53-regulated protein Btg2 interact with the homeoprotein Hoxb9 and enhance its transcriptional activation. The Journal of biological chemistry 123 10617598
2001 Relationships of the antiproliferative proteins BTG1 and BTG2 with CAF1, the human homolog of a component of the yeast CCR4 transcriptional complex: involvement in estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway. The Journal of biological chemistry 109 11136725
1998 ANA, a novel member of Tob/BTG1 family, is expressed in the ventricular zone of the developing central nervous system. Oncogene 97 9632145
1998 Human carbon catabolite repressor protein (CCR4)-associative factor 1: cloning, expression and characterization of its interaction with the B-cell translocation protein BTG1. The Biochemical journal 77 9820826
2012 The origin and nature of tightly clustered BTG1 deletions in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia support a model of multiclonal evolution. PLoS genetics 74 22359517
2010 BTG1 regulates glucocorticoid receptor autoinduction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 67 20354172
2019 miR-27a-3p regulates proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells by potentially targeting BTG1. Oncology letters 62 31452761
2012 Btg1 is Required to Maintain the Pool of Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Dentate Gyrus and Subventricular Zone. Frontiers in neuroscience 61 22969701
2005 Coactivation of nuclear receptors and myogenic factors induces the major BTG1 influence on muscle differentiation. Oncogene 59 15674337
2019 Lidocaine inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by modulating the lncRNA-MEG3/miR-421/BTG1 pathway. American journal of translational research 53 31632519
2016 Tumor suppressors BTG1 and IKZF1 cooperate during mouse leukemia development and increase relapse risk in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Haematologica 48 27979924
1999 BTG1: a triiodothyronine target involved in the myogenic influence of the hormone. Experimental cell research 46 10366433
1998 Antiproliferative gene BTG1 is highly expressed in apoptotic cells in macrophage-rich areas of advanced lesions in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit and human. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 43 9690562
2019 MicroRNA-183 inhibition exerts suppressive effects on diabetic retinopathy by inactivating BTG1-mediated PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 42 30835506
2015 MicroRNA-19a regulates proliferation and apoptosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by targeting BTG1. FEBS letters 41 25936765
2013 BTG1 inhibits breast cancer cell growth through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oncology reports 41 23982470
2004 An anti-proliferative gene BTG1 regulates angiogenesis in vitro. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 38 15033446
2023 BTG1 mutation yields supercompetitive B cells primed for malignant transformation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 37 36656933
2016 Tumor suppressor BTG1 promotes PRMT1-mediated ATF4 function in response to cellular stress. Oncotarget 37 26657730
2014 Down-regulation of BTG1 by miR-454-3p enhances cellular radiosensitivity in renal carcinoma cells. Radiation oncology (London, England) 37 25115181
2022 Emerging role of anti-proliferative protein BTG1 and BTG2. BMB reports 36 35880434
2016 BTG1 ameliorates liver steatosis by decreasing stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) abundance and altering hepatic lipid metabolism. Science signaling 33 27188441
1993 Sequence analysis reveals that the BTG1 anti-proliferative gene is conserved throughout evolution in its coding and 3' non-coding regions. Gene 33 8325512
2007 Role for Btg1 and Btg2 in growth arrest of WEHI-231 cells through arginine methylation following membrane immunoglobulin engagement. Experimental cell research 32 17466295
2018 Long noncoding RNA DGCR5 suppresses gastric cancer progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of PTEN and BTG1. Journal of cellular physiology 31 30515803
2017 Physical exercise rescues defective neural stem cells and neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone of Btg1 knockout mice. Brain structure & function 29 28247022
2015 Altered cerebellum development and impaired motor coordination in mice lacking the Btg1 gene: Involvement of cyclin D1. Developmental biology 27 26524254
2013 The expression of BTG1 is downregulated in NSCLC and possibly associated with tumor metastasis. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 26 24264312
2021 Chidamide triggers BTG1-mediated autophagy and reverses the chemotherapy resistance in the relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. Cell death & disease 25 34599153
2013 BTG1 expression correlates with the pathogenesis and progression of ovarian carcinomas. International journal of molecular sciences 25 24084718
2016 MiR-4295 promotes cell growth in bladder cancer by targeting BTG1. American journal of translational research 24 27904689
2015 Control of the Normal and Pathological Development of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by the PC3/Tis21/Btg2 and Btg1 Genes. Journal of cellular physiology 24 25967096
2001 Identification of functional domains involved in BTG1 cell localization. Oncogene 24 11420681
2017 BTG1 might be employed as a biomarker for carcinogenesis and a target for gene therapy in colorectal cancers. Oncotarget 23 27447746
1997 Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiTob, an amphioxus homolog of vertebrate Tob in the PC3/BTG1/Tob family of tumor suppressor genes. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 23 9286591
2019 Abnormal expression and mechanism of miR-330-3p/BTG1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 22 31486488
2013 BTG1 expression correlates with the pathogenesis and progression of breast carcinomas. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 22 24272202
2011 High frequency of BTG1 deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with down syndrome. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 22 22072402
2015 BTG1 potentiates apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in renal cell carcinoma by interacting with PRMT1. Oncology letters 21 26622543
2017 miR-511 promotes the proliferation of human hepatoma cells by targeting the 3'UTR of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) mRNA. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 19 28603285
2019 PUM2 Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration via Repressing BTG1 Expression. Cell structure and function 18 30787206
2014 The expression of BTG1 is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and possibly associated with tumour metastasis. Molecular biology reports 18 24985971
2015 Upregulation of BTG1 enhances the radiation sensitivity of human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncology reports 17 26503430
2015 A novel function of B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) in the regulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice via c-Jun. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 16 26396236
2022 ASIC1a promotes hepatic stellate cell activation through the exosomal miR-301a-3p/BTG1 pathway. International journal of biological macromolecules 15 35561854
2020 BTG1 Overexpression Might Promote Invasion and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer via Decreasing Adhesion and Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Frontiers in oncology 15 33330092
2021 Exosomal microRNA-301a-3p promotes the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting BTG1 mRNA. Molecular medicine reports 14 33760119
2014 Expression of BTG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation with cell cycles, cell apoptosis, and cell metastasis. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 14 25173640
2019 microRNA-27a-3p Down-regulation Inhibits Malignant Biological Behaviors of Ovarian Cancer by Targeting BTG1. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 13 31410369
2015 Targeted Deletion of Btg1 and Btg2 Results in Homeotic Transformation of the Axial Skeleton. PloS one 13 26218146
2021 A conserved motif in human BTG1 and BTG2 proteins mediates interaction with the poly(A) binding protein PABPC1 to stimulate mRNA deadenylation. RNA biology 12 34060423
2023 Btg1 and Btg2 regulate neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 11 37062247
2020 Homoharringtonine Inhibits Allergic Inflammations by Regulating NF-κB-miR-183-5p-BTG1 Axis. Frontiers in pharmacology 11 32733254
2020 Frequent loss of BTG1 activity and impaired interactions with the Caf1 subunit of the Ccr4-Not deadenylase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia & lymphoma 11 33021411
2021 miR-141-5p Affects the Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Targeting BTG1 in Cervical Cancer. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 10 34767738
2006 Insulin-like growth factor I differentially regulates the expression of HIRF1/hCAF1 and BTG1 genes in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. International journal of molecular medicine 10 16786164
2023 BTG1 inactivation drives lymphomagenesis and promotes lymphoma dissemination through activation of BCAR1. Blood 9 36375119
2022 Conformational transitions in BTG1 antiproliferative protein and their modulation by disease mutants. Biophysical journal 8 35459639
2001 Identification and allelic frequencies of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the DUSP1 and BTG1 genes. Journal of human genetics 8 11310585
2021 MicroRNA-208a-3p participates in coronary heart disease by regulating the growth of hVSMCs by targeting BTG1. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 6 34934442
2020 Deletion of Btg1 Induces Prmt1-Dependent Apoptosis and Increased Stemness in Shh-Type Medulloblastoma Cells Without Affecting Tumor Frequency. Frontiers in oncology 6 32231994
2009 Genetic association between polymorphisms in the BTG1 gene and multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroimmunology 6 19515430
2015 [Expression of BTG1 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance]. Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery 5 26665453
2014 High frequency of BTG1 deletions in patients with BCR-ABL1-positive acute leukemia. Cancer genetics 5 24998463
2023 Targeting a novel circITCH/miR-421/BTG1 axis is effective to suppress the malignant phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Cytotechnology 4 37187949
2018 Tumor suppressor BTG1 limits activation of BCL6 expression downstream of ETV6-RUNX1. Experimental hematology 4 29408281
2014 Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and cadmium stress-rated expression changes of BTG1 in freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis schlegelii). Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research 4 25297078
2017 Erratum: MiR-4295 promotes cell growth in bladder cancer by targeting BTG1. American journal of translational research 3 28469801
2015 The tumor suppressor BTG1 is expressed in the developing digits and regulates skeletogenic differentiation of limb mesodermal progenitors in high density cultures. Cell and tissue research 3 26662056
2020 Identification of BTG1 Status in Solid Cancer for Future Researches Using a System Review and Meta-analysis. Current medical science 2 32166669
2024 IKZF1 and BTG1 silencing reduces glucocorticoid response in B-cell precursor acute leukemia cell line. Hematology, transfusion and cell therapy 1 39095315
2026 BTG1 Acts as a Critical Tumor Suppressor Link Between HDAC Inhibition and β-Catenin Signaling Suppression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Molecular carcinogenesis 0 41950351
2026 PC3/Tis21/BTG2 and BTG1 genes: regulators of the cell cycle and neurogenesis, as well as tumor suppressors in malignant brain tumors. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 0 42080092
2024 The predictive value of BTG1 for the response of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia to decitabine. Clinical epigenetics 0 38254153
2023 Mutations in BTG1 Promote Germinal Center B-cell Malignant Transformation. Cancer discovery 0 36705483
2023 Expanding the phenotype of 12q21 deletions: A role of BTG1 in speech development? European journal of medical genetics 0 36746366
2021 [Expression and clinical significance of BTG-1 in 78 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma]. Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology 0 34109351

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