Affinage

ASB11

Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 11 · UniProt Q8WXH4

Length
323 aa
Mass
35.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
18 papers in source corpus 10 papers cited in narrative 10 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ASB11 is the substrate-recognition subunit of a Cullin-5/Elongin-BC E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL5-ASB11) that controls cell fate, progenitor maintenance, and metabolic and survival programs by directing the polyubiquitination and turnover of specific substrates (PMID:24337577, PMID:21124961). It assembles with Cullin 5 and Elongins B/C, and its Cul5-box domain is essential for complex formation and in vivo activity (PMID:24337577, PMID:21124961). In developmental contexts, ASB11 maintains neural and myogenic progenitors in an undifferentiated, proliferating state and acts as an essential mediator of Delta-Notch lateral inhibition by directly ubiquitinating and degrading the Notch ligand DeltaA (PMID:16893969, PMID:22512762, PMID:18776899). Beyond development, ASB11 governs several stress and metabolic pathways through dedicated substrates: during ER stress it is transcriptionally activated by the IRE1α-XBP1s arm of the unfolded protein response and ubiquitinates the pro-apoptotic protein BIK to promote survival (PMID:31387940); it drives K6-linked polyubiquitination of the purine-synthesis enzyme PAICS to recruit UBAP2 and nucleate purinosome phase separation (PMID:37848033); it ubiquitinates DIRAS2 within a UBE2F-neddylation-activated CRL5-ASB11 axis that sustains MAPK-c-Myc signaling in pancreatic cancer (PMID:38574733); and it degrades the cholesterol-homeostasis regulator ERLIN1 (PMID:41668292). ASB11 activity is post-translationally tuned by FIH-mediated hydroxylation of asparaginyl residues in its ankyrin repeat domain, a modification relieved under hypoxia to enhance substrate degradation (PMID:35537551, PMID:41668292). Its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum is consistent with substrates spanning ER glycosylation and lipid-homeostasis machinery, including Ribophorin 1 of the OST complex (PMID:24337577).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2006 High

    Established ASB11 as a regulator of neural progenitor compartment size, defining its biological role before its molecular activity was known.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown and forced misexpression in zebrafish embryos with sox2/sox3/neurogenin1 readouts, plus overexpression in progenitor cell lines

    PMID:16893969

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism (E3 ligase activity, substrates) not yet identified
    • Link to SoxB1 factors correlative, not direct
  2. 2008 High

    Identified the first direct substrate, DeltaA, demonstrating ASB11 acts through targeted ubiquitination to control Delta-Notch lateral inhibition.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown, misexpression, Notch reporter assays, and in vitro and in vivo ubiquitylation/degradation assays in zebrafish

    PMID:18776899

    Open questions at the time
    • Composition of the E3 complex not yet defined
    • Recognition determinants on DeltaA unmapped
  3. 2010 High

    Showed the Cul5-box domain is required for ASB11 function in vivo, linking its activity to the ECS/CRL5 ligase architecture.

    Evidence Zebrafish Cul5-box deletion mutant with DeltaA degradation, Notch reporter, and cell-fate readouts

    PMID:21124961

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical reconstitution of the complex not performed
    • Whether all substrates require the Cul5-box untested at this stage
  4. 2012 High

    Extended ASB11's progenitor-maintenance role from neural to myogenic lineages, generalizing its function across stem/progenitor compartments.

    Evidence Pax7+ satellite cell localization, forced overexpression, germline hypomorphic zebrafish mutant, and adult muscle regeneration assays

    PMID:22512762

    Open questions at the time
    • Substrate driving the myogenic phenotype not identified
    • Mechanistic connection to the Notch/DeltaA axis in muscle unresolved
  5. 2013 High

    Defined ASB11 as an ER-resident CRL5 ligase and identified Ribophorin 1 as a substrate, placing it within the secretory/glycosylation machinery.

    Evidence SILAC interactomics, Co-IP, in vivo ubiquitination and turnover assays, subcellular localization

    PMID:24337577

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence for OST/glycosylation not established
    • Physiological context of Ribophorin 1 regulation unclear
  6. 2019 High

    Connected ASB11 to ER-stress survival decisions by showing IRE1α-XBP1s induces ASB11 to degrade pro-apoptotic BIK.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, KD/OE, IRE1α inhibition, ER stress and genotoxic treatments, apoptosis assays

    PMID:31387940

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration that XBP1s binds the ASB11 promoter limited to expression-level evidence
    • Generality across cell types untested
  7. 2022 High

    Revealed a post-translational regulatory layer: FIH hydroxylates asparaginyl residues in ASB11's ankyrin repeats.

    Evidence In vitro hydroxylation assay, X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry

    PMID:35537551

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of hydroxylation on ligase activity not shown in this study
    • Cellular conditions controlling hydroxylation undefined here
  8. 2023 High

    Showed ASB11 uses K6-linked polyubiquitination of PAICS to nucleate purinosome phase separation, linking it to metabolic compartmentalization and melanoma proliferation.

    Evidence Linkage-specific ubiquitination assay, Co-IP, phase separation assay, KD/OE, xenografts, ChIP for H3K9me3/HP1α, DNPS flux

    PMID:37848033

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether K6-ubiquitination is signal rather than degradative for other substrates unknown
    • Structural basis of UBAP2 recruitment unresolved
  9. 2024 High

    Demonstrated CRL5-ASB11 is activated by UBE2F-mediated CUL5 neddylation and degrades DIRAS2 to sustain oncogenic MAPK-c-Myc signaling.

    Evidence Genetic KrasG12D PDAC mouse model with Ube2f deletion and DIRAS2 knockout/rescue epistasis, ubiquitylation assays, MAPK pathway readouts

    PMID:38574733

    Open questions at the time
    • DIRAS2 recognition determinants not mapped
    • Relative contribution of ASB11 versus other CRL5 substrate receptors in PDAC unresolved
  10. 2026 Medium

    Linked FIH hydroxylation status to substrate selection, showing hypoxia-impaired hydroxylation of Asn90/92 enhances ASB11-mediated ERLIN1 degradation in cholesterol homeostasis.

    Evidence HCC in vitro and in vivo models, site-specific FIH hydroxylation assay, Co-IP, mouse tumor models, zoledronic acid intervention

    PMID:41668292

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab, not yet independently replicated
    • Mechanism by which hydroxylation alters substrate engagement not biochemically resolved
    • Direct effect of hydroxylation on ligase catalytic output untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a single CRL5-ASB11 ligase selects among its diverse substrates (DeltaA, BIK, PAICS, DIRAS2, Ribophorin 1, ERLIN1) across tissues and stress states, and how FIH hydroxylation reprograms this selectivity, remains unresolved.
  • No unifying substrate-recognition code defined
  • Tissue-specific determinants of which substrate predominates unknown
  • Quantitative link between hydroxylation state and per-substrate degradation not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 6 GO:0016874 ligase activity 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 1
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2
Complex memberships
CRL5-ASB11 (Cullin5-Elongin BC E3 ubiquitin ligase)

Evidence

Reading pass · 10 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 d-Asb11 knockdown in zebrafish altered expression of neural precursor genes sox2 and sox3, caused expansion of neurogenin1-positive proneural cells followed by premature neuronal differentiation, while forced misexpression of d-asb11 ectopically induced sox2 and abolished neurogenesis. Overexpression in pluripotent and neural-committed progenitor cell lines inhibited terminal neuronal differentiation and enhanced proliferation, establishing d-Asb11 as a regulator of neural progenitor compartment size that maintains precursors in an undifferentiated proliferating state, possibly through control of SoxB1 transcription factors. Morpholino knockdown, forced misexpression in zebrafish embryos, overexpression in progenitor cell lines, HuC labeling, sox2/sox3/neurogenin1 expression analysis The Journal of cell biology High 16893969
2008 d-Asb11 is an essential mediator of canonical Delta-Notch lateral inhibition signaling in zebrafish. Morpholino knockdown repressed Delta-Notch elements and their transcriptional targets; misexpression activated Notch reporters cell-non-autonomously. d-Asb11 was shown to specifically ubiquitylate and degrade DeltaA both in vitro and in vivo, identifying DeltaA as a direct substrate for ASB11-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Morpholino knockdown, misexpression in zebrafish embryos, Notch reporter assays (cell-autonomous and non-autonomous), in vitro and in vivo ubiquitylation and degradation assays for DeltaA Nature cell biology High 18776899
2010 The Cul5 box domain of d-Asb11 is required in vivo for proper Notch signaling and neural cell fate. A zebrafish mutant lacking the Cul5 box (Asb11(Cul)) was defective in Notch signaling, unable to degrade DeltaA during embryogenesis, showed impaired neural cell fate specification, and Asb11(Cul) mRNA failed to transactivate a her4::gfp Notch reporter. This establishes that the Cul5 box domain is essential for d-Asb11 function in the ECS ubiquitin ligase complex. Zebrafish Cul5-box domain mutant generation and characterization, Notch target gene expression, DeltaA degradation assay in vivo, her4::gfp reporter assay PloS one High 21124961
2012 Asb11 localizes specifically to Pax7+ muscle satellite cells across vertebrates. Forced expression of d-asb11 impaired terminal differentiation and caused enhanced proliferation in myogenic progenitors in vivo and in vitro. A germline hypomorphic zebrafish d-asb11 mutation caused premature differentiation of muscle progenitors and delayed regenerative responses in adult injured muscle, establishing d-Asb11 as a principal regulator of embryonic and adult regenerative myogenesis. Expression/localization analysis (Pax7+ satellite cell compartment), forced overexpression in zebrafish and cell lines, germline hypomorphic zebrafish mutant, adult muscle regeneration assay Stem cells and development High 22512762
2013 ASB11 is a novel endoplasmic reticulum-resident ubiquitin ligase that interacts with and promotes ubiquitination of Ribophorin 1, an integral component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) glycosylation complex. Expression of ASB11 increases Ribophorin 1 protein turnover in vivo. ASB11 was also found to form complexes with Cullin 5 and Elongins B/C, and Cullin 5 complexes can oligomerize. SILAC-based protein/protein interaction analysis, Co-IP, in vivo ubiquitination assay, protein turnover assay, subcellular localization (ER-resident) The Journal of biological chemistry High 24337577
2019 Cul5-ASB11 is the E3 ligase that ubiquitinates the pro-apoptotic protein BIK, targeting it for degradation. ER stress activates ASB11 through the IRE1α-XBP1s arm of the unfolded protein response, stimulating BIK ubiquitination, interaction with p97/VCP, and proteolysis, thereby promoting cell survival during ER stress adaptation. Genotoxic agents down-regulate this IRE1α-XBP1s-ASB11 axis to stabilize BIK, contributing to apoptosis. XBP1s was identified as the transcriptional activator of ASB11 in response to ER stress. Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, knockdown/overexpression, IRE1α inhibitor treatment, ER stress induction, genotoxic agent treatment, cell survival/apoptosis assays The Journal of cell biology High 31387940
2022 The aspariginyl hydroxylase FIH (factor inhibiting HIF) catalyzes hydroxylation of asparaginyl residues in ankyrin repeat domain-containing proteins including ASB11. Biochemical and crystallographic evidence showed that FIH hydroxylates both asparaginyl residues in 'VNVN' motifs of ASB11's ankyrin repeat domain, representing a post-translational modification of ASB11. Biochemical hydroxylation assay, X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry The Journal of biological chemistry High 35537551
2023 The Cul5/ASB11-based ubiquitin ligase polyubiquitinates PAICS (a de novo purine synthesis enzyme) with K6-linked chains, driving purinosome assembly via phase separation. Polyubiquitinated PAICS recruits UBAP2, a ubiquitin-binding protein with intrinsically disordered regions, inducing phase separation for purinosome assembly and enhancing de novo purine synthesis flux. In melanoma, ASB11 is upregulated by relief of H3K9me3/HP1α-mediated transcriptional silencing, leading to constitutive purinosome formation required for melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Ubiquitination assay (K6-linkage identification), Co-IP, phase separation assay, ASB11 knockdown/overexpression, xenograft tumor model, chromatin immunoprecipitation (H3K9me3/HP1α), DNPS flux assay Molecular cell High 37848033
2024 UBE2F neddylates CUL5 to activate CRL5-ASB11 E3 ligase, which ubiquitylates DIRAS2 for degradation. Ube2f deletion in a mouse KrasG12D PDAC model inactivates Mapk-c-Myc signaling by blocking DIRAS2 ubiquitylation, suppressing pancreatitis and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. DIRAS2 deletion largely rescues Ube2f-deletion phenotypes, establishing UBE2F-CRL5ASB11-DIRAS2 as an oncogenic axis in pancreatic cancer. Genetic mouse KrasG12D PDAC model with Ube2f deletion, DIRAS2 knockout/rescue experiments, ubiquitylation assay, Mapk-c-Myc signaling readouts, epistasis analysis Developmental cell High 38574733
2026 Under hypoxia, FIH-dependent hydroxylation of ASB11 at asparagine residues 90 and 92 is impaired, which enhances ASB11-mediated degradation of ERLIN1. ERLIN1 stabilizes the INSIG1-SCAP-SREBP2 axis to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacological targeting using zoledronic acid weakens the ASB11-ERLIN1 interaction and restores cholesterol homeostasis, establishing ERLIN1 as a substrate of ASB11 regulated by FIH hydroxylation. In vitro and in vivo HCC models, FIH hydroxylation assay at specific Asn residues, Co-IP (ASB11-ERLIN1 interaction), subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse tumor models, zoledronic acid pharmacological intervention Clinical and molecular hepatology Medium 41668292

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 18 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 Protein interaction screening for the ankyrin repeats and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box (ASB) family identify Asb11 as a novel endoplasmic reticulum resident ubiquitin ligase. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 24337577
2020 Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle-Associated Genes in the ASB, LRRC, TMEM, and OSBPL Gene Families. Epigenomes 32 34968235
2023 PAICS ubiquitination recruits UBAP2 to trigger phase separation for purinosome assembly. Molecular cell 28 37848033
2006 The novel gene asb11: a regulator of the size of the neural progenitor compartment. The Journal of cell biology 27 16893969
2006 Comparative integromics on VEGF family members. International journal of oncology 25 16685460
2019 BIK ubiquitination by the E3 ligase Cul5-ASB11 determines cell fate during cellular stress. The Journal of cell biology 21 31387940
2015 Circulating E3 ligases are novel and sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 21 25599194
2024 Chromosome X-wide common variant association study in autism spectrum disorder. American journal of human genetics 18 39706197
2024 The UBE2F-CRL5ASB11-DIRAS2 axis is an oncogene and tumor suppressor cascade in pancreatic cancer cells. Developmental cell 17 38574733
2008 d-Asb11 is an essential mediator of canonical Delta-Notch signalling. Nature cell biology 14 18776899
2010 Essential role for the d-Asb11 cul5 Box domain for proper notch signaling and neural cell fate decisions in vivo. PloS one 13 21124961
2012 asb11 is a regulator of embryonic and adult regenerative myogenesis. Stem cells and development 12 22512762
2022 Factor inhibiting HIF can catalyze two asparaginyl hydroxylations in VNVN motifs of ankyrin fold proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 35537551
2023 Uncovering the candidate genes related to sheep body weight using multi-trait genome-wide association analysis. Frontiers in veterinary science 7 37662987
2023 LncRNA HAGLR May Aggravate Melanoma Malignancy Via miR-4644/ASB11 Pathway. Molecular biotechnology 6 36735150
2019 The Role of Cell Growth-Related Gene Copy Number Variation in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Biological trace element research 6 31494809
2024 Chromosome X-Wide Common Variant Association Study (XWAS) in Autism Spectrum Disorder. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2 39108515
2026 Targeting ER lipid raft-associated 1 reveals a coordinated cholesterol-dependent vulnerability in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical and molecular hepatology 0 41668292

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