Affinage

ARF3

ADP-ribosylation factor 3 · UniProt P61204

Round 2 corrected
Length
181 aa
Mass
20.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
64 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ARF3 is a class I ADP-ribosylation factor (small GTPase) that cycles between GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active states on endomembranes, functioning as a master regulator of vesicle coat assembly, cargo sorting, and membrane homeostasis at the trans-Golgi network, recycling endosomes, and the Flemming body during cytokinesis. In its GTP-bound form, ARF3 is recruited to TGN membranes in a BIG1/BIG2-dependent manner—distinct from the broader Golgi distribution of ARF1—where it engages effectors such as GGA1–3 to drive clathrin-coated vesicle formation and mannose 6-phosphate receptor trafficking (PMID:20357002, PMID:10749927); together with ARF1 it redundantly maintains recycling endosome tubular architecture and transferrin recycling (PMID:22971977). Beyond canonical trafficking, ARF3 controls macrophage TLR4 inflammatory signaling via BIG1-dependent PI(4,5)P₂ synthesis and TIRAP membrane recruitment (PMID:32415087), modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation during influenza infection (PMID:40608252), and regulates collective cancer cell invasion through N-cadherin turnover (PMID:36880595). De novo missense mutations in the ARF3 guanine-nucleotide-binding pocket cause a neurodevelopmental Golgipathy featuring brain malformations, with variants classified as gain- or loss-of-function based on effector binding and Golgi morphology effects validated in Drosophila and zebrafish models (PMID:34346499, PMID:36369169).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1990 High

    Establishing that ARF proteins localize to the Golgi apparatus and are required for secretory transport answered the fundamental question of where and why ARFs act in the cell.

    Evidence Yeast arf1 null mutant secretion defects combined with immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of mammalian Golgi membranes

    PMID:2105501

    Open questions at the time
    • ARF isoform-specific functions not distinguished
    • Mechanism of ARF membrane attachment unresolved
  2. 1993 High

    Reconstitution of COP-coated vesicle budding from purified ARF and coatomer defined the minimal machinery for Golgi vesicle formation and showed ARF is an essential coat-assembly factor, while parallel work revealed two distinct modes of ARF-membrane association (lipid-dependent and protein-dependent).

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution of vesicle budding from Golgi membranes with purified components; liposome extraction and GTPγS-dependent ARF binding assays

    PMID:8355790 PMID:8491770

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the saturable Golgi membrane receptor for ARF unknown
    • ARF3-specific contribution versus ARF1 not resolved
  3. 1996 High

    Purification of a ~200 kDa BFA-sensitive guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ARF1/ARF3 containing a Sec7-like domain identified the upstream activator and explained how BFA blocks ARF-dependent vesicle trafficking.

    Evidence Biochemical purification from bovine brain cytosol with activity reconstitution and tryptic peptide sequencing

    PMID:8917509

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular identity of this GEF not fully cloned at this stage
    • Whether distinct GEFs preferentially activate ARF3 versus ARF1 unknown
  4. 2000 High

    Mutagenesis of a hydrophobic pocket in ARF3 (F51/W66/Y81) established how conformational changes couple GDP release to effector recognition, while identification of GGA1–3 as GTP-dependent ARF3 effectors at the TGN defined the downstream pathway for clathrin-mediated sorting.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis with nucleotide exchange and effector binding assays; yeast two-hybrid screen with ARF3-GTP, pull-down, and BFA-sensitive TGN localization of GGAs

    PMID:10749927 PMID:11150519

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of GGA–ARF3 interface not determined
    • Whether all three GGAs are equally relevant in vivo unclear
  5. 2010 High

    Demonstrating that ARF3 localizes selectively to TGN membranes via BIG1/BIG2-dependent activation, distinct from the broader Golgi distribution of ARF1, resolved a long-standing question about isoform-specific compartmentalization and identified four conserved residues unique to ARF3 responsible for TGN targeting.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of BIG1/BIG2, temperature-shift release experiments, and mutagenesis of ARF3-specific residues with fluorescence microscopy

    PMID:20357002

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of TGN receptor that recognizes ARF3-specific residues unknown
    • Functional consequence of selective TGN targeting versus redundancy with ARF1 incompletely tested
  6. 2012 High

    Double depletion of ARF1 and ARF3 revealed their redundant requirement for recycling endosome structural integrity and transferrin recycling, extending ARF3 function beyond the Golgi to endosomal compartments.

    Evidence siRNA double knockdown with transferrin recycling quantification, endosome tubulation assays, and EGFP-ARF localization to transferrin-positive endosomes

    PMID:22971977

    Open questions at the time
    • GEFs and effectors mediating ARF3 function specifically at recycling endosomes not identified
    • Relative stoichiometric contributions of ARF1 versus ARF3 at endosomes unclear
  7. 2015 Medium

    Localization of ARF1/ARF3 to the Flemming body and cytokinesis defects upon their combined depletion extended ARF3 function to cell division, though ARF3's specific contribution is partially confounded by redundancy.

    Evidence siRNA single/double/triple knockdowns of Arf1, Arf3, and Arf6 with multinucleate cell quantification and Flemming body localization

    PMID:26330566

    Open questions at the time
    • ARF3-specific role at the Flemming body not separable from ARF1
    • Downstream effectors at the Flemming body not identified
    • Single study without independent replication
  8. 2020 Medium

    Placing ARF3 downstream of BIG1 in macrophage TLR4 signaling—through PI(4,5)P₂ synthesis and TIRAP membrane recruitment—revealed an unexpected role for this trafficking GTPase in innate immune signal transduction.

    Evidence Myeloid-specific BIG1 conditional knockout mice with LPS/CLP sepsis models, ARF3 activation assays, PI(4,5)P₂ quantification, and TIRAP membrane recruitment

    PMID:32415087

    Open questions at the time
    • ARF3 activation measured indirectly via BIG1 KO rather than direct ARF3 perturbation
    • How ARF3-GTP activates PI(4,5)P₂ synthesis enzymes mechanistically unresolved
  9. 2021 High

    Identification of de novo ARF3 missense mutations (p.Asp67Val, p.Arg99Leu) in patients with neurodevelopmental disorder established ARF3 as a human disease gene and demonstrated that gain- and loss-of-function variants in the nucleotide-binding pocket produce distinct cellular and in vivo phenotypes.

    Evidence Patient genotyping, subcellular localization, GGA1 pull-down assays, Drosophila in vivo expression of mutant ARF3

    PMID:34346499

    Open questions at the time
    • Neurodevelopmental mechanism downstream of impaired Golgi trafficking not delineated
    • Limited patient cohort at initial report
  10. 2022 High

    Expanded variant characterization in zebrafish confirmed dominant behavior of disease-associated ARF3 mutations and linked differential GTP/GDP binding perturbations to distinct effects on brain size and planar cell polarity, providing the first vertebrate disease model.

    Evidence Cell-based Golgi morphology and vesicle trafficking assays, GTP/GDP binding measurements, zebrafish disease modeling with neural precursor proliferation analysis

    PMID:36369169

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific cell types and developmental windows most sensitive to ARF3 dysfunction not defined
    • Whether therapeutic correction of GTPase cycle is feasible untested
  11. 2023 Medium

    A 3D functional genomic screen identified ARF3 as a controller of collective cancer invasion modality, acting through N-cadherin turnover to switch between chain and sheet migration, and revealed ARF3 levels modulate metastasis in vivo.

    Evidence 3D screen, ARF3 KD/KO, N-cadherin co-immunoprecipitation and turnover, intraprostatic transplant metastasis model

    PMID:36880595

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ARF3 directly binds N-cadherin or acts through an intermediary not resolved
    • Generalizability beyond prostate cancer not tested
    • Single lab study
  12. 2025 Medium

    ARF3 knockdown attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation during influenza infection in vitro and in vivo, positioning ARF3 as a positive regulator of inflammasome-dependent pulmonary inflammation; separately, ARF3 depletion in AML cells arrested cell cycle and inhibited leukemogenesis correlating with PI3K/Akt pathway suppression.

    Evidence ARF3 KD with IAV replication and NLRP3 activation assays in mouse pneumonia model; ARF3 KD in AML cell lines with xenograft model and PI3K/Akt western blotting

    PMID:39756487 PMID:40608252

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between ARF3 GTPase activity and NLRP3 assembly not dissected
    • PI3K/Akt connection in AML is correlational—direct substrate or adaptor unknown
    • Neither finding independently replicated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the identity of the TGN membrane receptor that selectively recognizes ARF3 over ARF1, the structural basis for effector selectivity among ARF3 disease variants, the precise mechanism by which ARF3-GTP activates PI(4,5)P₂ synthesis, and whether therapeutic modulation of the ARF3 GTPase cycle could rescue the associated Golgipathy.
  • No structural model of ARF3–effector complexes available
  • TGN-specific ARF3 receptor not molecularly identified
  • No therapeutic intervention studies

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003924 GTPase activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 5 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 6 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
ARF1BIG1BIG2CDH2GGA1GGA2GGA3

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1990 ARF protein is functionally and physically associated with the Golgi apparatus, localizing to the cytosolic surface of predominantly cis-Golgi membranes, and is required for intracellular protein transport to or within the Golgi apparatus, as demonstrated by phenotypic analysis of yeast arf1 null mutants (defective secretory pathway, partial glycosylation of invertase) and immunofluorescence/immunoelectron microscopy in mammalian cells. Yeast genetics (null mutation), immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2105501
1993 ARF proteins are the only cytoplasmic proteins required, together with coatomer, for the assembly and budding of COP-coated vesicles from Golgi membranes, demonstrating a direct role in coated vesicle formation. In vitro reconstitution of vesicle budding from Golgi membranes using purified cytosolic fractions Nature High 8355790
1993 Two distinct populations of ARF exist on Golgi membranes: a liposome-sensitive pool that associates with the lipid bilayer upon GTP binding, and a saturable liposome-resistant pool that stably associates with a Golgi membrane protein component, suggesting ARF activation by a guanine nucleotide-exchange protein leads to myristoylated ARF-GTP membrane association followed by interaction with a target protein. Phosphatidylcholine liposome extraction of Golgi membranes, ARF binding assays with GTPγS The Journal of cell biology High 8491770
1996 A brefeldin A (BFA)-inhibited guanine nucleotide exchange protein (GEP) for ARF1 and ARF3 was purified from bovine brain cytosol; it is a ~200 kDa protein forming a ~670 kDa complex, and contains a Sec7-like domain (47% identity to yeast Sec7 over 51 amino acids), consistent with it being a mammalian Sec7 counterpart catalyzing ARF GDP-to-GTP exchange. Protein purification (DEAE-Sephacel, hydroxylapatite, Mono Q, Superose 6), SDS/PAGE, tryptic peptide sequencing, electroelution/renaturation activity assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8917509
2000 Three residues of human ARF3 (F51, W66, Y81) form a hydrophobic pocket in the GDP-bound inactive state; mutations disrupting this pocket increased the rate of GDP dissociation and association without equivalently affecting GTPγS binding, and several mutants were selectively defective in binding different ARF effectors, establishing that this pocket regulates GDP release, conformational changes promoting GTP binding, and effector recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis of ARF3, GDP/GTP exchange rate assays, yeast two-hybrid effector binding assays FEBS letters High 11150519
2000 A family of three ARF effector proteins (GGA1, GGA2, GGA3) were identified that interact preferentially with the GTP-bound (activated) form of ARF3; they localize to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in an ARF- and BFA-sensitive manner, and overexpression alters distribution of TGN markers (TGN38, mannose 6-phosphate receptors), establishing GGAs as ARF3 effectors regulating membrane traffic through the TGN. Yeast two-hybrid screen with ARF3 as bait, recombinant protein binding assays, indirect immunofluorescence, BFA sensitivity assays, overexpression phenotypic analysis Molecular biology of the cell High 10749927
2010 In vivo, Arf3 (human class I ARF) localizes selectively to TGN membranes in a temperature-sensitive and BIG-family GEF-dependent manner distinct from Arf1; BIG1/BIG2 knockdown redistributes Arf3 but not Arf1 from Golgi membranes; shifting cells to 20°C selectively releases Arf3 from Golgi. Mutagenesis identified two pairs of residues at opposite ends of the protein responsible for TGN recruitment and temperature-dependent release. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed these four residues are absolutely conserved and unique to Arf3. siRNA knockdown, temperature-shift experiments, mutagenesis, fluorescence microscopy, phylogenetic analysis Molecular biology of the cell High 20357002
2012 Simultaneous depletion of ARF1 and ARF3 (but not either alone) induces tubulation of recycling endosomes positive for transferrin receptor, Rab4, and Rab11, and suppresses transferrin recycling from endosomes to the plasma membrane, without affecting Golgi integrity, early/late endosome function, or retrograde transport from endosomes to TGN. EGFP-tagged ARF1 and ARF3 localize to endosomal compartments containing endocytosed transferrin. ARF1 and ARF3 are thus redundantly required for recycling endosome integrity and transferrin recycling. siRNA double knockdown, EGFP localization, transferrin recycling assay, TGN38/CD4-furin retrograde transport assays, fluorescence microscopy Cell structure and function High 22971977
2015 Class I Arfs (Arf1 and Arf3) localize to the Flemming body during cytokinesis; double knockdown of Arf1 and Arf3 moderately increases multinucleate cells, and triple knockdown of Arf1, Arf3, and Arf6 leads to severe cytokinesis defects. EFA6, an Arf6 exchange factor, also activates Arf1 in cells, suggesting EFA6 activates multiple Arfs locally at the Flemming body to complete cytokinesis. siRNA knockdown (single, double, triple), fluorescence localization to Flemming body, multinucleate cell quantification Journal of biochemistry Medium 26330566
2020 BIG1 (a BFA-inhibited GEF) controls macrophage pro-inflammatory responses through ARF3 activation; myeloid-specific BIG1 knockout reduces ARF3 activation, leading to decreased PI(4,5)P2 synthesis, impaired TIRAP recruitment to the plasma membrane, and inhibition of TLR4-MyD88 signaling, thereby reducing TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12 production in response to LPS. Myeloid-specific conditional knockout mice, LPS/CLP sepsis models, ARF3 activation assay, PI(4,5)P2 measurement, TIRAP membrane recruitment assay, cytokine quantification Cell death & disease Medium 32415087
2021 De novo missense variants in human ARF3 (p.Asp67Val and p.Arg99Leu) cause neurodevelopmental disorder with brain abnormalities. p.Asp67Val acts as a loss-of-function variant showing dispersed cytosolic/Golgi localization similar to the dominant-negative p.Thr31Asn, and decreased GGA1 binding. p.Arg99Leu localizes normally to Golgi but shows increased GGA1 binding (gain-of-function). In vivo, p.Asp67Val transfection caused lethality in Drosophila, while p.Arg99Leu caused abnormal rough eye (gain-of-function phenotype), demonstrating ARF3 is essential for Golgi transport and nervous system development. In vitro subcellular localization assays, pull-down assays for GGA1 binding, Drosophila in vivo expression of mutants Human molecular genetics High 34346499
2022 De novo missense ARF3 variants affecting the guanine nucleotide binding pocket variably perturb protein stability and GTP/GDP binding, with functional consequences including disrupted Golgi morphology and impaired vesicle assembly and trafficking. Zebrafish modeling confirmed dominant behavior of mutants, with differential impacts on brain size (impaired neural precursor proliferation) and body plan formation via planar cell polarity-dependent cell movements. Cell-based Golgi morphology assays, GTP/GDP binding assays, vesicle trafficking assays, zebrafish disease modeling, in vivo neural precursor proliferation analysis Nature communications High 36369169
2023 ARF3 GTPase controls the modality of collective invasion in prostate cancer cells, acting as a switch between leader cell-led chain invasion and collective sheet movement; this function is dependent on ARF3's association with and control of N-cadherin turnover. In vivo, ARF3 levels acted as a rheostat for metastasis from intraprostatic tumor transplants. 3D functional genomic screen, ARF3 KD/KO, N-cadherin co-immunoprecipitation and turnover assays, in vivo intraprostatic transplant metastasis model The Journal of cell biology Medium 36880595
2025 ARF3 knockdown inhibits influenza A virus (H3N2) replication in vitro and alleviates IAV-induced lung injury and pulmonary inflammation in vivo by attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). ARF3 knockdown in vitro (IAV replication assay), young mouse IAV pneumonia model, NLRP3 inflammasome activation assay, cytokine measurement Virus genes Medium 40608252
2025 ARF3 knockdown in AML cells interrupts cell cycle progression, promotes cell death, and inhibits leukemogenesis in vivo; mechanistically, ARF3 knockdown suppresses AML progression by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. siRNA knockdown of ARF3 in AML cell lines, cell cycle and apoptosis assays, in vivo xenograft model, western blotting for PI3K/Akt pathway components Genomics Medium 39756487

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 64 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2006 A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. Cell 610 16713569
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2011 Defining human ERAD networks through an integrative mapping strategy. Nature cell biology 427 22119785
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
1990 ADP-ribosylation factor is functionally and physically associated with the Golgi complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 342 2105501
2013 Endogenous purification reveals GREB1 as a key estrogen receptor regulatory factor. Cell reports 307 23403292
2022 Tau interactome maps synaptic and mitochondrial processes associated with neurodegeneration. Cell 256 35063084
2000 A family of ADP-ribosylation factor effectors that can alter membrane transport through the trans-Golgi. Molecular biology of the cell 232 10749927
2012 MMS19 assembles iron-sulfur proteins required for DNA metabolism and genomic integrity. Science (New York, N.Y.) 230 22678362
2005 A database analysis method identifies an endogenous trans-acting short-interfering RNA that targets the Arabidopsis ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 223 15980147
2010 MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis. Immunology and cell biology 221 20458337
2016 A High-Density Map for Navigating the Human Polycomb Complexome. Cell reports 216 27705803
2009 Regulation of PKD by the MAPK p38delta in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Cell 208 19135240
1993 Coated vesicle assembly in the Golgi requires only coatomer and ARF proteins from the cytosol. Nature 198 8355790
2020 UFMylation maintains tumour suppressor p53 stability by antagonizing its ubiquitination. Nature cell biology 168 32807901
2009 Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip. American journal of human genetics 164 19913121
2012 Functional proteomics establishes the interaction of SIRT7 with chromatin remodeling complexes and expands its role in regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 145 22586326
2009 Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of HuR by heat shock. The EMBO journal 142 19322201
2013 In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Proteomics 138 23533145
2016 FOXA1 Directs H3K4 Monomethylation at Enhancers via Recruitment of the Methyltransferase MLL3. Cell reports 137 27926873
2017 RNA-binding activity of TRIM25 is mediated by its PRY/SPRY domain and is required for ubiquitination. BMC biology 135 29117863
1996 Isolation of a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein for ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) 1 and ARF3 that contains a Sec7-like domain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 131 8917509
2013 Proteomic analysis of podocyte exosome-enriched fraction from normal human urine. Journal of proteomics 126 23376485
2022 Human transcription factor protein interaction networks. Nature communications 123 35140242
2012 ETTIN (ARF3) physically interacts with KANADI proteins to form a functional complex essential for integument development and polarity determination in Arabidopsis. Development (Cambridge, England) 122 22296848
2017 The human cytoplasmic dynein interactome reveals novel activators of motility. eLife 118 28718761
1993 Two distinct populations of ARF bound to Golgi membranes. The Journal of cell biology 109 8491770
2017 The THO Complex Non-Cell-Autonomously Represses Female Germline Specification through the TAS3-ARF3 Module. Current biology : CB 74 28552357
2012 ARF1 and ARF3 are required for the integrity of recycling endosomes and the recycling pathway. Cell structure and function 56 22971977
1994 Characterization of a glucose-repressible ADP-ribosylation factor 3 (ARF3) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Journal of biological chemistry 50 8063710
2010 Arf3 is activated uniquely at the trans-Golgi network by brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Molecular biology of the cell 48 20357002
2021 Auxin Response Factor 2 (ARF2), ARF3, and ARF4 Mediate Both Lateral Root and Nitrogen Fixing Nodule Development in Medicago truncatula. Frontiers in plant science 31 33897748
2022 Maize miR167-ARF3/30-polyamine oxidase 1 module-regulated H2O2 production confers resistance to maize chlorotic mottle virus. Plant physiology 30 35298645
2012 Non-cell-autonomous regulation of crucifer self-incompatibility by Auxin Response Factor ARF3. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30 23129621
2015 MicroRNA390-Directed TAS3 Cleavage Leads to the Production of tasiRNA-ARF3/4 During Somatic Embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour. Frontiers in plant science 27 26734029
2018 Arabidopsis Zinc-Finger-Like Protein ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) and Two Nucleolar Proteins Maintain Gene Body DNA Methylation in the Leaf Polarity Gene ETTIN (ARF3). Plant & cell physiology 26 29415182
2021 De novo ARF3 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorder with brain abnormality. Human molecular genetics 22 34346499
2007 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arf3 protein is involved in actin cable and cortical patch formation. FEMS yeast research 21 17425670
2020 BIG1 controls macrophage pro-inflammatory responses through ARF3-mediated PI(4,5)P2 synthesis. Cell death & disease 20 32415087
2015 Class I Arfs (Arf1 and Arf3) and Arf6 are localized to the Flemming body and play important roles in cytokinesis. Journal of biochemistry 20 26330566
2024 The long noncoding RNA ALEX1 confers a functional phase state of ARF3 to enhance rice resistance to bacterial pathogens. Molecular plant 19 39659014
2022 Dominant ARF3 variants disrupt Golgi integrity and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder recapitulated in zebrafish. Nature communications 18 36369169
2007 Identification of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf3, the yeast orthologue of mammalian Arf6. PloS one 17 17786213
2023 The small GTPase ARF3 controls invasion modality and metastasis by regulating N-cadherin levels. The Journal of cell biology 12 36880595
2020 circ_ARF3 regulates the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma by sponging miR-1299 to maintain CDK6 expression. Cellular signalling 12 32240746
2000 Residues forming a hydrophobic pocket in ARF3 are determinants of GDP dissociation and effector interactions. FEBS letters 10 11150519
2021 ARF3 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer by regulating AKT and ERK pathway. Acta biochimica Polonica 9 33847108
2021 Genome-Wide Identification of the ARF Gene Family and ARF3 Target Genes Regulating Ovary Initiation in Hazel via ChIP Sequencing. Frontiers in plant science 8 34447403
2024 CircRNA Arf3 suppresses glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via miR-107-3p/Tmbim6 axis. Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 5 39120858
2025 ARF3-mediated auxin signaling is essential for sex determination in cucumber. Science (New York, N.Y.) 3 41379936
2026 Newly identified ARF3 variants strengthen the causal link between Golgi fragmentation and brain malformations. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 1 41507605
2024 Neurodevelopmental disorder associated with gene ARF3: A case report. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 1 38712921
2023 ARF3 weights the balance for prostate cancer metastasis. The Journal of cell biology 1 36920439
2023 A Novel Circ_Arf3/miR-452-5p/Mbnl1 Axis Regulates Proliferation and Expression of Fibrosis-Related Proteins of Mouse Mesangial Cells Under High Glucose. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 1 37457110
2026 The Arabidopsis ARF3-AIP1/2-SAP18 module specifies the root stem cell niche in response to auxin. The Plant cell 0 41968069
2025 ARF3 as a novel biomarker and target in acute myeloid leukemia: Insights from pan-cancer analysis. Genomics 0 39756487
2025 ARF3 knockdown inhibits influenza a virus and virus-induced pneumonia. Virus genes 0 40608252
2025 The tasiR-ARF pathway in plants: origin, functions, and interplay of miR-390, tasiRNAs and ARF3. Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) 0 41386637