Affinage

VAMP2

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 · UniProt P63027

Length
116 aa
Mass
12.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
100 papers in source corpus 44 papers cited in narrative 44 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

VAMP2 (synaptobrevin-2) is the vesicular SNARE (v-SNARE) that drives Ca2+-regulated membrane fusion across diverse secretory and trafficking pathways by forming a four-helix bundle with cognate target-membrane SNAREs (PMID:7796801, PMID:20006577). In the canonical exocytic machinery, VAMP2 zippers its C-terminal SNARE motif into a complex whose assembly is templated by Munc18-1 through interaction of its domain-3a helices 11/12 with the VAMP2 SNARE motif (PMID:33055194), and whose conformation is gated by the synaptic-vesicle lipid environment: cholesterol-rich raft regions weaken membrane association of the VAMP2 SNARE motif to release it for assembly (PMID:32210233). The transmembrane small residues G100/C103 confer the structural flexibility required for fusion-pore opening and expansion (PMID:28588281), while the membrane-proximal C-termini of VAMP2 and SNAP25 are clamped by the complexin accessory helix to suppress premature spontaneous fusion (PMID:32698012). VAMP2 is sorted onto synaptic vesicles through direct interaction with synaptophysin I (PMID:14528015) and retrieved from the plasma membrane by the dedicated endocytic adaptors AP180 and CALM, which maintain the vesicular VAMP2 pool needed for sustained neurotransmission and vesicle reformation (PMID:26412491, PMID:18182011). Beyond neurons, VAMP2 acts as the v-SNARE for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in concert with the t-SNAREs syntaxin-4 and SNAP23, functioning specifically in the fusion step downstream of vesicle tethering and downstream of PKCzeta-mediated serine phosphorylation (PMID:9111311, PMID:10713150, PMID:20006577, PMID:11604519), and similarly drives AQP2, NKCC2, and renin trafficking in kidney, ANP and surfactant secretion, and VAMP2/3-dependent membrane expansion that powers oligodendrocyte myelination (PMID:7560075, PMID:25008321, PMID:21708949, PMID:36151203). VAMP2 also engages alpha-synuclein through its juxtamembrane domain to nucleate a multi-component condensed phase that clusters synaptic vesicles, promotes SNARE assembly, and protects alpha-synuclein from aggregation (PMID:38951707, PMID:38951706). Heterozygous de novo mutations in the C-terminal SNARE motif of VAMP2 impair vesicle fusion and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, intellectual disability, and autistic features (PMID:30929742).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Established that VAMP2 is functionally required for a specific regulated exocytic pathway rather than constitutive secretion, defining its role as a Ca2+-pathway v-SNARE outside neurons.

    Evidence Neurotoxin cleavage in permeabilized beta-cells and kidney collecting duct, with secretion and AQP2-vesicle co-localization readouts

    PMID:7560075 PMID:7796801

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the cognate t-SNAREs in non-neuronal tissues
    • Mechanism of Ca2+-dependence not addressed at the molecular level
  2. 1998 High

    Defined the non-neuronal SNARE partners of VAMP2 and showed phosphorylation can regulate complex assembly, extending the v-SNARE function to the GLUT4 trafficking machinery.

    Evidence In vitro binary binding assays of VAMP2 with syntaxin-4 and SNAP23 plus kinase treatment; dominant-negative and co-IP studies in adipocytes/myoblasts

    PMID:10713150 PMID:10888677 PMID:8707843 PMID:9111311 PMID:9693005

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether tethering versus fusion steps are separable was not yet distinguished
    • In vivo phosphosite on VAMP2 itself not mapped
  3. 2001 Medium

    Linked a signaling kinase to VAMP2-dependent GLUT4 exocytosis, providing an insulin-responsive regulatory input on the v-SNARE.

    Evidence PKCzeta gain- and loss-of-function with phosphoserine IP and glucose transport assays; later ProF adaptor co-IP and in vitro kinase assay

    PMID:11604519 PMID:17313651

    Open questions at the time
    • Exact phosphorylated residue(s) on VAMP2 not definitively identified
    • Functional consequence of VAMP2 phosphorylation on fusion not directly measured
  4. 2003 High

    Identified synaptophysin I as the sorting determinant that targets VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles, answering how VAMP2 enters the regulated rather than constitutive pathway.

    Evidence Fluorescent chimera live imaging, co-IP, and dose-response in hippocampal neurons; follow-up with trafficking mutants in non-neuronal cells

    PMID:14528015 PMID:17331077

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the SypI-VAMP2 cytoplasmic interaction not resolved
    • Whether SypI sorting operates in non-neuronal secretory cells not tested
  5. 2006 High

    Provided atomic detail of how clostridial neurotoxins recognize and cleave VAMP2, explaining the substrate specificity exploited throughout the functional literature.

    Evidence 1.65 A crystal structure of BoNT/D light chain with comparison to BoNT/F

    PMID:16519520

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address VAMP2's own fusion mechanism
    • Structure of VAMP2 within an assembled SNARE complex not provided here
  6. 2007 High

    Identified CALM and later AP180 as VAMP2-specific endocytic adaptors, establishing the recycling arm that replenishes the vesicular VAMP2 pool.

    Evidence ANTH-domain overexpression/RNAi/dominant-negative for CALM; AP180 knockout and AP180-/-/Syb2+/- genetic interaction with electrophysiology and EM

    PMID:18182011 PMID:26412491

    Open questions at the time
    • Recognition motif on VAMP2 for the ANTH domain not mapped
    • Relative contributions of CALM versus AP180 in different neuron types unresolved
  7. 2008 High

    Showed Munc18 isoforms and complexin act as opposing regulators on the VAMP2-containing SNARE complex, defining checkpoints in fusion control.

    Evidence Reconstituted liposome fusion with Munc18c inhibition; EPR of complexin-SNARE complex; co-IP electrophysiology of VAMP2-Kv2.1

    PMID:18542995 PMID:19116655 PMID:20026076

    Open questions at the time
    • How Munc18 inhibition is converted to stimulation in vivo not resolved in these studies
    • Functional outcome of complexin accessory-helix displacement not yet tested in cells
  8. 2009 High

    Separated VAMP2's role from t-SNARE function by showing VAMP2 is dispensable for vesicle tethering but essential for the fusion step itself.

    Evidence RNAi of VAMP2 versus syntaxin-4/SNAP23 with TIRF-based tethering and fusion assays in adipocytes

    PMID:20006577

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular trigger coupling tethering to VAMP2-driven fusion not defined
    • Did not address whether this division applies to neuronal fusion
  9. 2017 High

    Demonstrated that the VAMP2 transmembrane domain actively shapes the fusion pore, moving VAMP2's role beyond cytoplasmic SNARE zippering.

    Evidence G100V/C103V mutagenesis with infrared spectroscopy, membrane capacitance, TIRF, and ATP release

    PMID:28588281

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution view of the transmembrane helix-to-sheet transition not obtained
    • Generalizability across vesicle types not established
  10. 2020 High

    Resolved how the membrane environment and Munc18-1 templating control VAMP2 conformation to prime SNARE assembly, and refined the complexin clamp on the VAMP2 C-terminus.

    Evidence In-cell NMR plus lipidomics; Munc18-1 photo-cross-linking and reconstituted fusion with neuronal rescue; complexin photo-cross-linking with electrophysiology

    PMID:32210233 PMID:32698012 PMID:33055194

    Open questions at the time
    • How raft-mediated release and Munc18 templating are temporally coordinated in vivo unclear
    • Quantitative kinetics of conformational switching not established
  11. 2019 Medium

    Connected VAMP2 SNARE-motif function to human disease, showing that fusion-impairing variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder.

    Evidence De novo mutation identification in patients with reconstituted lipid-mixing fusion validation

    PMID:30929742

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular and circuit-level consequences of each variant not characterized
    • Limited mechanistic detail on how each substitution disrupts fusion
  12. 2022 High

    Extended VAMP2 function to developmental membrane biology by showing VAMP2/3 exocytosis powers oligodendrocyte myelin membrane expansion and node-of-Ranvier formation.

    Evidence Conditional VAMP2/3 knockout and toxin-mediated cleavage in oligodendrocyte lineage with live imaging, proteomics, and EM

    PMID:36151203 PMID:37620160

    Open questions at the time
    • The t-SNARE partners at the oligodendrocyte surface not defined
    • Cargo specificity of myelin-directed exocytosis incompletely mapped
  13. 2024 High

    Revealed a chaperone-like role in which the VAMP2 juxtamembrane domain drives alpha-synuclein phase separation that clusters vesicles, promotes SNARE assembly, and protects against alpha-synuclein aggregation.

    Evidence In vitro and in-cell condensate assays with charged-residue mutagenesis, SV clustering, SNARE assembly, and aggregation kinetics; concordant findings across two papers

    PMID:38951706 PMID:38951707

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological regulation of condensate assembly/disassembly unknown
    • Relationship between condensate state and disease aggregation in vivo not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How VAMP2's distinct membrane-fusion, cargo-sorting, condensate-forming, and autophagy/nucleophagy (FIP200-dependent) functions are differentially deployed across cell types and developmental contexts remains unresolved.
  • No unified model links VAMP2 conformational state to choice among fusion, sorting, and condensate pathways
  • DCV-specific and FIP200/nucleophagy mechanisms only partially characterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1
Localization
GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 4 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005768 endosome 2
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 4 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 4 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3
Partners
AP180COMPLEXINMUNC18-1 (STXBP1)PICALMSNAP23STX4STXBP3 (MUNC18C)SYP
Complex memberships
SNARE complex (VAMP2/syntaxin-4/SNAP23)neuronal SNARE complex (VAMP2/syntaxin-1/SNAP25)

Evidence

Reading pass · 44 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 VAMP-2 is essential for Ca2+-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Tetanus toxin and botulinum B neurotoxin selectively cleaved VAMP-2 and cellubrevin in permeabilized beta-cells and abolished Ca2+-induced insulin release (IC50 ~15 nM), but did not prevent GTP-gamma-S-stimulated secretion, demonstrating that VAMP-2 selectively controls the Ca2+-mediated exocytotic pathway. Tetanus toxin and botulinum B neurotoxin cleavage assay in streptolysin-O permeabilized insulin-secreting cells; subcellular fractionation; confocal microscopy The EMBO journal High 7796801
1997 VAMP2 functions as a vesicle-SNARE (v-SNARE) required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in adipocytes. Expression of the cytoplasmic domain of VAMP2 inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 but not GLUT1 translocation, and immunoprecipitation of syntaxin 4 cytoplasmic domain co-precipitated GLUT4-containing vesicles in an insulin-stimulated manner. Recombinant vaccinia virus expression; single-cell microinjection; co-immunoprecipitation Molecular and cellular biology High 9111311
1996 VAMP-2 co-localizes with GLUT-4 in a specialized post-endosomal intracellular compartment in adipocytes that is segregated from recycling endosomes (transferrin receptor/cellubrevin-positive). Endosomal ablation with transferrin-HRP/DAB removed >90% of cellubrevin but spared 90% of VAMP-2, and immunoisolated GLUT-4 vesicles contained VAMP-2. Endosomal ablation (Tf-HRP/DAB), immunoadsorption of vesicles, immuno-electron microscopy, subcellular fractionation The Journal of cell biology High 8707843
1995 VAMP2 is expressed on AQP2-containing intracellular vesicles in kidney collecting duct principal cells, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and double immunolabeling; VAMP2 in kidney membranes is cleaved by tetanus toxin, establishing it as a tetanus-toxin-sensitive SNARE in this tissue. Quantitative immuno-EM showed highly significant co-localization of AQP2 and VAMP2 on the same vesicles (P<0.0001). Immunoblotting, immunoisolation with anti-VAMP2 antibodies, double immunolabeling immuno-EM, tetanus toxin cleavage The Journal of clinical investigation High 7560075
1998 VAMP-2 forms binary, saturable interactions with both syntaxin-4 and SNAP23 in vitro, establishing the non-neuronal SNARE complex for exocytosis. Unlike neuronal SNAP25, SNAP23 did not potentiate VAMP-2 binding to syntaxin-4. PKA phosphorylation of syntaxin-4 (but not casein kinase II) disrupted its binding to SNAP23, indicating phosphorylation-dependent regulation of SNARE complex formation. In vitro binary binding assay; phosphorylation by exogenous kinases (PKA, CKII, PKC); phosphate incorporation quantification Biochemistry High 9693005
1997 A dual Rab/VAMP2 receptor protein (PRA1) was identified that specifically binds VAMP2 (but not VAMP1 or cellubrevin); this specificity requires the proline-rich domain and transmembrane domain of VAMP2. The interaction is distinct from VAMP2 binding to syntaxin or syntaxin/SNAP-25, suggesting PRA1 links Rab GTPases and VAMP2 in vesicle docking/fusion control. Yeast two-hybrid screen; in vitro binding assays; chimeric/deletion mutant analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 9341137
2000 VAMP2, but not VAMP3/cellubrevin, specifically mediates insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation in L6 myoblasts. Toxin-resistant VAMP2 rescued tetanus toxin-inhibited GLUT4 translocation, whereas toxin-resistant VAMP3 did not. Insulin caused cortical actin reorganization in which GLUT4 and VAMP2 (but not VAMP3) were clustered. Tetanus toxin light chain transfection; rescue with toxin-resistant VAMP2/3 constructs; single-cell fluorescence GLUT4 translocation assay; immunofluorescence Molecular biology of the cell High 10888677
2000 SNAP23 mediates insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation by acting as a bridging molecule between syntaxin4 (t-SNARE) and VAMP2 (v-SNARE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A SNAP23 mutant (DeltaC8) that bound syntaxin4 but not VAMP2 and failed to mediate the syntaxin4-VAMP2 interaction acted as a dominant negative, blocking insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of SNAP23 mutants; in vitro and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation; GLUT4 translocation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 10713150
2003 Synaptophysin I (SypI) controls the targeting of VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles through direct protein-protein interaction requiring the cytoplasmic domain of VAMP2. Without SypI co-expression, VAMP2 travels in vesicles that constitutively fuse with the plasma membrane; co-expression of SypI restores correct sorting to SVs in a dose-dependent and VAMP2-specific manner. Fluorescent chimera expression in hippocampal neurons; live imaging; co-immunoprecipitation; dose-response analysis Molecular biology of the cell High 14528015
2004 VAMP2-dependent exocytosis regulates plasma membrane insertion of TRPC3 channels and contributes to agonist-stimulated Ca2+ influx. TRPC3 N-terminus directly interacts with VAMP2; cleavage of VAMP2 by tetanus toxin reduced TRPC3 surface expression and decreased carbachol- and OAG-stimulated (but not thapsigargin-stimulated) Ca2+ influx. Co-immunoprecipitation; GFP-TRPC3 live imaging; FRAP; tetanus toxin cleavage; Ca2+ influx measurement Molecular cell High 15327778
2006 The 1.65 Å crystal structure of BoNT/D light chain provides molecular details of how VAMP-2 is recognized and cleaved. A hydrophobic pocket recognizes the P1' VAMP-2 residue Leu60, and a second remote site recognizes the V1 SNARE motif. Comparison with BoNT/F-LC (which cleaves VAMP-2 one residue away) showed that BoNT/D uses hydrophobic interactions for V1 motif recognition whereas BoNT/F adopts a hydrophilic strategy. X-ray crystallography at 1.65 Å resolution; structural comparison Biochemistry High 16519520
2007 CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein) facilitates endocytosis of VAMP2 from the plasma membrane via its ANTH domain. CALM overexpression reduced surface VAMP2; CALM knockdown by RNAi accumulated surface VAMP2; the ANTH domain alone acted as a dominant-negative, establishing CALM as a specific endocytic adaptor for VAMP2. Overexpression; RNA interference knockdown; dominant-negative ANTH domain expression; cell surface VAMP2 quantification Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) High 18182011
2007 Synaptophysin I specifies the exocytic pathway of VAMP2 by directing its sorting to vesicles before surface delivery, not by inhibiting VAMP2 endocytosis. Physical interaction between SypI and VAMP2 is required, mediated by the C-terminal domain of SypI. Dynamin and alpha-SNAP mutants blocking trafficking at the plasma membrane did not abolish SypI's effect on VAMP2 sorting. Ectopic expression in non-neuronal cells; co-immunoprecipitation; dominant-negative dynamin and alpha-SNAP mutants; fluorescence microscopy The Biochemical journal Medium 17331077
2007 ProF (WD-repeat-propeller-FYVE protein) interacts with VAMP2 and PKCzeta, forming a ternary complex on vesicular membranes. VAMP2 can be phosphorylated by activated PKCzeta in vitro, and ProF acts as an adaptor that increases PKCzeta-dependent phosphorylation of VAMP2 in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous and overexpressed proteins; in vitro kinase assay; co-localization imaging The FEBS journal Medium 17313651
2008 VAMP2 directly interacts with the T1 domain of the N-terminus of Kv2.1 potassium channel and enhances channel inactivation. This interaction was demonstrated in brain membranes and characterized by electrophysiology and in vitro binding; a chimeric Kv1.5N/Kv2.1 channel confirmed the N-terminal T1 domain requirement. In vitro binding assay; electrophysiology in Xenopus oocytes; co-immunoprecipitation from brain membranes; chimeric channel analysis; protein modeling Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology High 18542995
2008 Munc18c directly inhibits bilayer fusion mediated by the syntaxin4/SNAP23/VAMP2 SNARE complex in a reconstituted liposome fusion assay, making contacts with both t-SNARE (syntaxin4) and v-SNARE (VAMP2) components. Reconstituted liposome fusion assay; biochemical binding characterization PloS one High 19116655
2001 PKCzeta, activated by insulin, associates specifically with GLUT4 compartments and induces serine phosphorylation of the GLUT4-compartment-associated VAMP2. Dominant-negative PKCzeta disrupted GLUT4 compartment integrity and abrogated insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation, while active PKCzeta overexpression caused GLUT4 translocation in the absence of insulin. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of wild-type and dominant-negative PKCzeta; subcellular fractionation; phosphoserine immunoprecipitation; glucose transport assay Molecular and cellular biology Medium 11604519
2009 The t-SNAREs syntaxin4 and SNAP23 are required for tethering of GLUT4 vesicles to the plasma membrane, whereas v-SNARE VAMP2 is not required for tethering but is essential for the subsequent membrane fusion event. RNAi depletion of VAMP2 inhibited fusion without affecting tethering, while depletion of syntaxin4 or SNAP23 impaired tethering. RNAi knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; TIRF microscopy-based vesicle tethering and fusion assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 20006577
2009 The accessory alpha-helix of complexin I (residues 27-48) can locally displace VAMP2 from the C-terminus of the SNARE four-helix bundle, making the complex weaker, but remains detached when the N-terminal region of complexin I (residues 1-26) is present. This suggests the balance between the accessory helix and N-terminal domain determines stimulatory vs. inhibitory complexin function. EPR spectroscopy of complexin-SNARE quaternary complex; site-directed spin labeling Journal of molecular biology Medium 20026076
2011 VAMP2 (but not VAMP3) mediates cAMP-stimulated renin release from juxtaglomerular cells. VAMP2 co-localizes with renin-containing granules, and shRNA silencing of VAMP2 blocked cAMP-induced renin release by ~50% and impaired cAMP-stimulated exocytosis (FM1-43 assay), while VAMP3 silencing had no effect. Confocal colocalization; adenoviral shRNA knockdown; FM1-43 exocytosis assay; renin secretion measurement; tetanus toxin cleavage The Journal of biological chemistry High 21708949
2013 Native alpha-synuclein promotes clustering of synaptic-vesicle mimics through specific interactions with both synaptobrevin-2/VAMP2 and anionic lipids. The lipid-binding-deficient A30P mutant disrupted clustering, while other familial PD mutants did not. Alpha-synuclein had little effect on Ca2+-triggered fusion in this reconstituted single-vesicle system. Single-vesicle optical microscopy; recombinant and native alpha-synuclein purified from mouse brain; vesicle clustering assay eLife High 23638301
2013 Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcriptional activity mediates alcohol-induced upregulation of Vamp2 (but not Vamp1) expression in mouse cortical neurons. This increased VAMP2 expression leads to increased frequency of GABAergic miniature IPSCs via HSF1, without affecting mEPSCs, establishing a specific presynaptic adaptation in GABAergic terminals. HSF1 transcription factor manipulation; electrophysiology (mIPSC recording); RT-PCR; pharmacological HSF1 inhibition Frontiers in integrative neuroscience Medium 24376402
2014 VAMP2 (but not VAMP3) selectively mediates cAMP-stimulated NKCC2 exocytic delivery and surface expression in renal thick ascending limb cells. NKCC2 co-immunoprecipitates with VAMP2, and PKA activation enhanced VAMP2-NKCC2 co-immunoprecipitation. In vivo silencing of VAMP2 blocked cAMP-stimulated NKCC2 exocytic delivery. Co-immunoprecipitation; in vivo VAMP2/3 siRNA silencing; surface NKCC2 expression assay; VAMP2 exocytosis assay in renal cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 25008321
2015 AP180, the VAMP2-specific endocytic adaptor, maintains the large pool of vesicular VAMP2 (70 copies/SV) that is required for efficient neurotransmission and SV reformation. Loss of AP180 causes moderate activity-dependent reduction of vesicular VAMP2 levels, defects in SV reformation, excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, epileptic seizures, and premature death. Further reduction in AP180-/-/Syb2+/- mice causes perinatal lethality. AP180 knockout mice; genetic interaction (AP180-/-/Syb2+/- double mutant); electrophysiology; electron microscopy of SV reformation Neuron High 26412491
2017 The central small amino acids G100 and C103 in the VAMP2 transmembrane domain are critical for exocytosis by providing structural flexibility (alpha-helix/beta-sheet transitions) necessary for fusion pore opening and expansion. G100V/C103V mutation nearly abolished depolarization-evoked exocytosis, retarded initial fusion pore opening, hindered expansion, and led to premature pore closure. Site-directed mutagenesis (G100V/C103V); infrared spectroscopy (IRRAS, evanescent wave, ellipsometry); membrane capacitance; TIRF microscopy; ATP release measurement Scientific reports High 28588281
2019 Heterozygous de novo mutations in VAMP2 (two single-amino-acid deletions and three missense variants in the C-terminal SNARE motif) cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, intellectual disability, and autistic features. Reconstituted lipid-mixing fusion assay demonstrated impaired vesicle fusion for these variants. Human genetics (de novo mutation identification); reconstituted lipid-mixing fusion assay American journal of human genetics Medium 30929742
2020 Different regions of the synaptic vesicle membrane regulate VAMP2 conformation for SNARE assembly. In-cell NMR spectroscopy showed dynamic membrane association of VAMP2 SNARE motif in mammalian cells; cholesterol-rich lipid raft regions markedly weaken membrane association of the VAMP2 SNARE motif, releasing it to facilitate SNARE complex assembly, whereas non-raft regions maintain stronger membrane association. In-cell NMR spectroscopy; mass-spectrometry-based lipidomic profiling; lipid raft isolation Nature communications High 32210233
2020 The complexin accessory helix suppresses spontaneous exocytosis by capturing the membrane-proximal C-terminal ends of both SNAP25 and VAMP2 prior to fusion in a reconstituted fusion assay. Site- and stage-specific photo-cross-linking revealed direct binding, and corresponding complexin interface mutants selectively increased spontaneous neurotransmitter release in living neurons. Reconstituted fusion assay; site-specific photo-cross-linking; neuronal electrophysiology Cell reports High 32698012
2020 Munc18-1 helices 11 and 12 (domain 3a) interact with the VAMP2 SNARE motif covering layers -4 to +5; residue Q301 plays a pivotal role. A VAMP2-binding-deficient Munc18-1 Q301D mutant does not stimulate lipid mixing in reconstituted fusion and severely reduces synaptic transmission in Munc18-1-deficient neurons, demonstrating that Munc18-1/VAMP2 interaction is essential for SNARE templating. Comparative structure modeling; site-specific photo-cross-linking with unnatural amino acid Bpa; reconstituted vesicle docking/fusion assay; neuronal electrophysiology in Munc18-1-deficient neurons eNeuro High 33055194
2020 Tetanus-insensitive (TI)-VAMP2 restores synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion in TeNT-treated hippocampal neurons but does not rescue dense core vesicle (DCV) fusion, despite TI-VAMP2 being targeted to and co-transported with DCVs. This demonstrates that VAMP2 is sufficient for SV fusion but that DCV fusion requires a distinct, unknown SNARE mechanism. Tetanus neurotoxin light chain expression; TI-VAMP2 rescue; live-cell imaging of DCV and SV fusion; VAMP1-null mutant analysis Scientific reports High 32616842
2021 VAMP2 mediates most exocytosis from recycling endosomes (RE) in neuronal dendrites for LTP expression. However, VAMP4 mediates the majority of dendritic RE exocytosis, while VAMP2 plays only a minor role in RE exocytosis. LTP induction increases exocytosis from both VAMP2- and VAMP4-labeled organelles; VAMP4 knockdown decreases TfR recycling but increases AMPAR recycling, demonstrating VAMP2 and VAMP4 sort AMPARs and TfRs into separate endosomal populations. VAMP2/4 knockdown; TIRF live imaging; LTP electrophysiology; tetanus toxin-mediated VAMP2 cleavage Cell reports High 34496238
2022 VAMP2/3-mediated exocytosis drives membrane expansion within myelin sheaths to initiate wrapping and power sheath elongation in oligodendrocytes. Genetic inactivation of VAMP2/3 in myelinating oligodendrocytes caused severe hypomyelination and premature death. Mass spectrometry revealed that VAMP2/3 incorporates axon-myelin adhesion proteins at the oligodendrocyte surface that are collectively required to form nodes of Ranvier. Conditional genetic knockout of VAMP2/3 in oligodendrocytes; live imaging; mass spectrometry of surface proteins Nature communications High 36151203
2024 VAMP2 orchestrates alpha-synuclein (alphaSYN) phase separation both in vitro and in cells through electrostatic interactions between the VAMP2 juxtamembrane domain and the alphaSYN C-terminal region. VAMP2 binding induces co-condensate formation that sequesters vesicles and attracts complexin-1 and -2, and protects alphaSYN against forming aggregation-prone oligomers and fibrils. In vitro phase separation assays; live-cell condensate imaging; mutagenesis of charged residues; atomic force microscopy; fluorescence microscopy Nature cell biology High 38951706 38951707
2024 The juxtamembrane region of VAMP2 directly interacts with the C-terminal region of alpha-synuclein through charged residues to regulate alphaSYN's function in clustering SVs and promoting SNARE complex assembly by inducing a multi-component condensed phase. VAMP2 binding protects alphaSYN against forming aggregation-prone oligomers and fibrils in condensates. Structural analysis; in vitro condensate formation; mutagenesis of charged residues; SV clustering assay; SNARE assembly assay; aggregation kinetics Nature cell biology High 38951706
2024 VAMP2 is required for keratinocyte enucleation and epidermal differentiation through regulation of nucleophagy. VAMP2 binds FIP200, an autophagy protein, and both are required for enucleation. Deletion of VAMP2 leads to aberrant skin stratification and enhances cutaneous carcinogenesis in vivo. Genome-wide shRNA screen; in vivo VAMP2 deletion; quantitative proteomics; co-immunoprecipitation with FIP200 Developmental cell High 38810653
2012 VAMP-2 is the v-SNARE involved in regulated surfactant secretion from alveolar type II cells. VAMP-2 and VAMP-8 are enriched in lamellar body fractions, but only the cytoplasmic domain of VAMP-2 (not VAMP-8) inhibited surfactant secretion in type II cells, and VAMP-2 co-localizes with the lamellar body marker protein LB-180. Subcellular fractionation; immunochemistry co-localization; cytoplasmic domain inhibition assay in type II cells Cell biology international Medium 22571236
2010 VAMP-1 and VAMP-2, but not VAMP-3, regulate ANP release from atrial cardiac myocytes. VAMP-1 and VAMP-2 co-sediment and co-localize with ANP, form a SNARE complex with syntaxin-4 inside cardiac myocytes, and knockdown of VAMP-1 or VAMP-2 (but not VAMP-3) blocks regulated ANP release. Co-sedimentation; co-localization; co-immunoprecipitation of SNARE complex; siRNA knockdown; ANP secretion assay Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology Medium 20801128
2010 Complexin 2 interacts with VAMP2 (as well as syntaxins 3 and 4) in pancreatic acini and regulates zymogen granule exocytosis. Introduction of recombinant complexin 2 inhibited Ca2+-stimulated secretion up to ~50%, and mutations of the central alpha-helical domain reduced SNARE binding and abolished inhibitory activity. An R59H mutation did not alter SNARE binding but augmented Ca2+-stimulated secretion by 130%. Co-immunoprecipitation; permeabilized acini reconstitution assay; site-directed mutagenesis; immunofluorescence co-localization The Journal of biological chemistry High 20829354
2015 VAMP2 co-localizes with and mediates fusion of recycling vesicles containing transferrin receptor at the plasma membrane. VAMP2 depletion in HeLa cells suppressed recycling vesicle exocytosis, establishing a non-neuronal role for VAMP2 in transferrin receptor recycling downstream of the exocyst complex. siRNA depletion; co-localization microscopy; recycling vesicle exocytosis assay in HeLa cells Biology open Medium 26092867
2020 Amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta40 and Abeta42) co-localize with VAMP2 in neuronal cells and decrease interactions between the N-termini of VAMP-2 and SNAP-25, disrupting SNARE complex formation critical for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. FRET/FLIM imaging of Cer-VAMP2 and Cit-SNAP25 in N2A cells; confocal microscopy Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD Medium 32675412
1997 VAMP-2 is present on gastric parietal cell tubulovesicles containing H+/K+-ATPase together with Rab11, Rab25, and SCAMPs, as demonstrated by immunoisolation on magnetic beads. The presence of VAMP-2 on immunoisolated H+/K+-ATPase-containing tubulovesicles supports their role in regulated vesicle fusion during parietal cell secretion. Gradient fractionation; immunoisolation on magnetic beads; Western blot analysis The Biochemical journal Medium 9230141
1999 An alternatively spliced isoform of rat VAMP-2, called VAMP-2B (retaining an intron, altering the carboxy-terminal end), co-localizes with endogenous VAMP-2 in PC12 cells after subcellular fractionation, indicating that alternative splicing at the C-terminus does not affect VAMP-2 sorting. cDNA cloning; myc-epitope tagging; subcellular fractionation in PC12 cells FEBS letters Low 10371166
2015 VAMP2-NRG1 is an oncogenic fusion gene that results from interchromosomal translocation; the fusion protein is membrane-bound, displays the NRG1 EGF-like domain extracellularly, and activates ERBB2/ERBB3 phosphorylation and downstream AKT/ERK signaling to promote anchorage-independent growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Whole-transcriptome sequencing; RT-PCR; immunoblotting for ERBB2/3/AKT/ERK phosphorylation; soft agar colony assay Journal of thoracic oncology Medium 26134228
2023 VAMP2 cleavage in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impairs the maturation of premyelinating oligodendrocytes into functional myelinating cells in the developing mouse spinal cord. VAMP2/3-cleaved OLs stall at the premyelinating stage and show elevated Fyn kinase expression, indicating that VAMP2/3 activity is required for the premyelinating-to-myelinating transition. In vivo toxin-mediated VAMP2/3 cleavage in OL lineage; immunohistochemistry for Fyn; electron microscopy of myelin The Journal of neuroscience Medium 37620160

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 Native α-synuclein induces clustering of synaptic-vesicle mimics via binding to phospholipids and synaptobrevin-2/VAMP2. eLife 292 23638301
1997 Syntaxin 4, VAMP2, and/or VAMP3/cellubrevin are functional target membrane and vesicle SNAP receptors for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. Molecular and cellular biology 205 9111311
1995 VAMP-2 and cellubrevin are expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and are essential for Ca(2+)-but not for GTP gamma S-induced insulin secretion. The EMBO journal 204 7796801
1996 The glucose transporter (GLUT-4) and vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2) are segregated from recycling endosomes in insulin-sensitive cells. The Journal of cell biology 188 8707843
2004 VAMP2-dependent exocytosis regulates plasma membrane insertion of TRPC3 channels and contributes to agonist-stimulated Ca2+ influx. Molecular cell 166 15327778
1995 Expression of VAMP-2-like protein in kidney collecting duct intracellular vesicles. Colocalization with Aquaporin-2 water channels. The Journal of clinical investigation 133 7560075
2007 Evidence for CALM in directing VAMP2 trafficking. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 122 18182011
1998 Binary interactions of the SNARE proteins syntaxin-4, SNAP23, and VAMP-2 and their regulation by phosphorylation. Biochemistry 109 9693005
1997 Isolation and characterization of a dual prenylated Rab and VAMP2 receptor. The Journal of biological chemistry 102 9341137
2000 Role of SNAP23 in insulin-induced translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mediation of complex formation between syntaxin4 and VAMP2. The Journal of biological chemistry 100 10713150
2003 Synaptophysin I controls the targeting of VAMP2/synaptobrevin II to synaptic vesicles. Molecular biology of the cell 98 14528015
2019 Mutations in the Neuronal Vesicular SNARE VAMP2 Affect Synaptic Membrane Fusion and Impair Human Neurodevelopment. American journal of human genetics 97 30929742
2000 VAMP2, but not VAMP3/cellubrevin, mediates insulin-dependent incorporation of GLUT4 into the plasma membrane of L6 myoblasts. Molecular biology of the cell 96 10888677
2001 Hyperosmolarity reduces GLUT4 endocytosis and increases its exocytosis from a VAMP2-independent pool in l6 muscle cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 87 11297538
2008 Vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP)-7 and VAMP-8, but not VAMP-2 or VAMP-3, are required for activation-induced degranulation of mature human mast cells. European journal of immunology 85 18253931
2015 Vesicular Synaptobrevin/VAMP2 Levels Guarded by AP180 Control Efficient Neurotransmission. Neuron 84 26412491
1997 Immunocytochemical evidence that GLUT4 resides in a specialized translocation post-endosomal VAMP2-positive compartment in rat adipose cells in the absence of insulin. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 82 9267469
2001 Activation of protein kinase C zeta induces serine phosphorylation of VAMP2 in the GLUT4 compartment and increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Molecular and cellular biology 81 11604519
1997 Two Rab proteins, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2) and secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs), are present on immunoisolated parietal cell tubulovesicles. The Biochemical journal 77 9230141
1994 Expression of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2)/synaptobrevin II and cellubrevin in rat skeletal muscle and in a muscle cell line. The Biochemical journal 69 7998925
2000 Insulin recruits GLUT4 from specialized VAMP2-carrying vesicles as well as from the dynamic endosomal/trans-Golgi network in rat adipocytes. Molecular biology of the cell 64 11102509
1996 Exercise-induced increase in glucose transport, GLUT-4, and VAMP-2 in plasma membrane from human muscle. The American journal of physiology 64 8772493
1996 Cleavage of vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-2 and cellubrevin on GLUT4-containing vesicles inhibits the translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 60 8607835
2006 Structure of botulinum neurotoxin type D light chain at 1.65 A resolution: repercussions for VAMP-2 substrate specificity. Biochemistry 50 16519520
2004 Insulin but not PDGF relies on actin remodeling and on VAMP2 for GLUT4 translocation in myoblasts. Journal of cell science 50 15466888
2024 VAMP2 regulates phase separation of α-synuclein. Nature cell biology 44 38951707
2000 VAMP-2 promotes neurite elongation and SNAP-25A increases neurite sprouting in PC12 cells. Neuroscience research 43 10958975
2020 Different regions of synaptic vesicle membrane regulate VAMP2 conformation for the SNARE assembly. Nature communications 42 32210233
2012 Overexpression of vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 3, but not VAMP2, protects glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 protein translocation in an in vitro model of cardiac insulin resistance. The Journal of biological chemistry 41 22936810
1999 SNARE complex proteins, including the cognate pair VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4, are expressed in cultured oligodendrocytes. Journal of neurochemistry 41 10037470
2022 CNS myelination requires VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes. Nature communications 40 36151203
2024 VAMP2 chaperones α-synuclein in synaptic vesicle co-condensates. Nature cell biology 39 38951706
2002 Differential expression of VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2 after antidepressant and electroconvulsive treatment in rat frontal cortex. The pharmacogenomics journal 39 12629503
2015 MicroRNA-34c Downregulation Ameliorates Amyloid-β-Induced Synaptic Failure and Memory Deficits by Targeting VAMP2. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 38 26402112
2008 Negative regulation of syntaxin4/SNAP-23/VAMP2-mediated membrane fusion by Munc18c in vitro. PloS one 38 19116655
2020 Complexin Suppresses Spontaneous Exocytosis by Capturing the Membrane-Proximal Regions of VAMP2 and SNAP25. Cell reports 35 32698012
2015 VAMP2-NRG1 Fusion Gene is a Novel Oncogenic Driver of Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 35 26134228
2009 The t-SNAREs syntaxin4 and SNAP23 but not v-SNARE VAMP2 are indispensable to tether GLUT4 vesicles at the plasma membrane in adipocyte. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 20006577
2018 MicroRNA-493-5p promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation and invasion in liver cancer cells by targeting VAMP2. International journal of molecular medicine 34 29328362
2022 The function of VAMP2 in mediating membrane fusion: An overview. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 33 36618823
2014 Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) but Not VAMP3 mediates cAMP-stimulated trafficking of the renal Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter NKCC2 in thick ascending limbs. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 25008321
2007 Synaptophysin I selectively specifies the exocytic pathway of synaptobrevin 2/VAMP2. The Biochemical journal 29 17331077
2017 A Central Small Amino Acid in the VAMP2 Transmembrane Domain Regulates the Fusion Pore in Exocytosis. Scientific reports 27 28588281
2016 Decreased Levels of VAMP2 and Monomeric Alpha-Synuclein Correlate with Duration of Dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 27 26639969
2011 Vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP2) mediates cAMP-stimulated renin release in mouse juxtaglomerular cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 21708949
2010 VAMP-1, VAMP-2, and syntaxin-4 regulate ANP release from cardiac myocytes. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 25 20801128
2020 Tetanus insensitive VAMP2 differentially restores synaptic and dense core vesicle fusion in tetanus neurotoxin treated neurons. Scientific reports 23 32616842
2007 WD-repeat-propeller-FYVE protein, ProF, binds VAMP2 and protein kinase Czeta. The FEBS journal 23 17313651
2022 circ_CSNK1E modulates airway smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration via miR-34a-5p/VAMP2 axis in asthma. Cellular signalling 22 35483563
2011 VAMP-2, SNAP-25A/B and syntaxin-1 in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses of the rat cerebellar cortex. BMC neuroscience 22 22094010
2014 Association of VAMP-2 and Syntaxin 1A Genes with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry investigation 21 24605127
1993 Regional mapping of the Rowett nude gene (RONU) to rat chromosome 10q24-->q32 by localizing linked SYB2 and GH loci. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 21 8467707
2020 The Interaction of Munc18-1 Helix 11 and 12 with the Central Region of the VAMP2 SNARE Motif Is Essential for SNARE Templating and Synaptic Transmission. eNeuro 20 33055194
2015 SNAP23/25 and VAMP2 mediate exocytic event of transferrin receptor-containing recycling vesicles. Biology open 20 26092867
2009 Accessory alpha-helix of complexin I can displace VAMP2 locally in the complexin-SNARE quaternary complex. Journal of molecular biology 20 20026076
2007 VAMP2 is expressed in muscle satellite cells and up-regulated during muscle regeneration. Cell and tissue research 20 17468895
2005 Role of VAMP-2, VAMP-7, and VAMP-8 in constitutive exocytosis from HSY cells. Histochemistry and cell biology 20 16195891
2004 Cleavage of SNAP-25 and VAMP-2 impairs store-operated Ca2+ entry in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 20 15355848
2021 The vSNAREs VAMP2 and VAMP4 control recycling and intracellular sorting of post-synaptic receptors in neuronal dendrites. Cell reports 19 34496238
2023 Citicoline ameliorates arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and diabetes in mice by overexpression of VAMP2, PPAR-γ, As3MT, and SIRT3. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 18 37105618
2020 Overcoming presynaptic effects of VAMP2 mutations with 4-aminopyridine treatment. Human mutation 18 32906212
2008 VAMP2 interacts directly with the N terminus of Kv2.1 to enhance channel inactivation. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 18 18542995
2010 Complexin 2 modulates vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 2-regulated zymogen granule exocytosis in pancreatic acini. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 20829354
2011 Thyroid hormone promotes insulin-induced glucose uptake by enhancing Akt phosphorylation and VAMP2 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of cellular physiology 16 21792921
2023 Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid levels of synaptic vesicle protein, VAMP-2, across the sporadic Alzheimer's disease continuum. Alzheimer's research & therapy 15 37898760
2020 Microglia modulate gliotransmission through the regulation of VAMP2 proteins in astrocytes. Glia 15 32633839
2015 Shiga toxin stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis of the VAMP2, VAMP3 and VAMP8 SNARE proteins. Journal of cell science 15 26071526
2008 No association between tagging SNPs of SNARE complex genes (STX1A, VAMP2 and SNAP25) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 14 18512733
2021 Reduced Interaction of Aggregated α-Synuclein and VAMP2 by Environmental Enrichment Alleviates Hyperactivity and Anxiety in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. Genes 13 33801790
2020 Amyloid-β Peptides Disrupt Interactions Between VAMP-2 and SNAP-25 in Neuronal Cells as Determined by FRET/FLIM. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 13 32675412
2017 Suppression of VAMP2 Alters Morphology of the Tegument and Affects Glucose uptake, Development and Reproduction of Schistosoma japonicum. Scientific reports 13 28701752
2016 VAMP2 is implicated in the secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells and can be replaced by other synaptobrevins. Cellular & molecular immunology 13 27616736
2013 HSF1 transcriptional activity mediates alcohol induction of Vamp2 expression and GABA release. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience 13 24376402
2021 NgCAM and VAMP2 reveal that direct delivery and dendritic degradation maintain axonal polarity. Molecular biology of the cell 12 34731031
2014 Distribution of SNAP25, VAMP1 and VAMP2 in mature and developing deep cerebellar nuclei after estrogen administration. Neuroscience 12 24534378
2006 Involvement of VAMP-2 in exocytosis of IL-1 beta in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) leukocytes after Vibrio anguillarum infection. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 16487935
2021 VAMP-2 is a surrogate cerebrospinal fluid marker of Alzheimer-related cognitive impairment in adults with Down syndrome. Alzheimer's research & therapy 10 34183050
2014 Calcineurin/NFAT signaling represses genes Vamp1 and Vamp2 via PMCA-dependent mechanism during dopamine secretion by Pheochromocytoma cells. PloS one 10 24667359
2001 Identification and cloning of the SNARE proteins VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4 from HL-60 cells and human neutrophils. Inflammation 10 11580102
2018 Botulinum Neurotoxin F Subtypes Cleaving the VAMP-2 Q58⁻K59 Peptide Bond Exhibit Unique Catalytic Properties and Substrate Specificities. Toxins 9 30071628
2018 The transmembrane domain of the SNARE protein VAMP2 is highly sensitive to its lipid environment. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes 9 30579961
2010 VAMP2 marks quiescent satellite cells and myotubes, but not activated myoblasts. Acta histochemica et cytochemica 9 20824121
2000 A tetanus toxin sensitive protein other than VAMP 2 is required for exocytosis in the pancreatic acinar cell. FEBS letters 9 11068046
2024 VAMP2 controls murine epidermal differentiation and carcinogenesis by regulation of nucleophagy. Developmental cell 8 38810653
2023 Cleavage of VAMP2/3 Affects Oligodendrocyte Lineage Development in the Developing Mouse Spinal Cord. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 8 37620160
2012 Characterization of VAMP-2 in the lung: implication in lung surfactant secretion. Cell biology international 8 22571236
2022 Early-Life Pb Exposure Might Exert Synapse-Toxic Effects Via Inhibiting Synapse-Associated Membrane Protein 2 (VAMP2) Mediated by Upregulation of miR-34b. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 7 35367965
2020 Dlg4 and Vamp2 are involved in comorbid epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A microarray data study. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 7 32580088
2014 MicroRNA-206 regulates surfactant secretion by targeting VAMP-2. FEBS letters 7 25481410
2008 VAMP2 is expressed in myogenic cells during rat development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 7 18570252
1999 Characterization of an alternatively spliced isoform of rat vesicle associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2). FEBS letters 7 10371166
2020 SNAP25/syntaxin4/VAMP2/Munc18-1 Complexes in Spinal Dorsal Horn Contributed to Inflammatory Pain. Neuroscience 6 31962145
2015 Autocrine insulin increases plasma membrane K(ATP) channel via PI3K-VAMP2 pathway in MIN6 cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 26585489
2013 Isoproterenol stimulates transient SNAP23-VAMP2 interaction in rat parotid glands. FEBS letters 6 23380067
2025 Influence of co-pathology on CSF and plasma synaptic markers SNAP25 and VAMP2 in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Alzheimer's research & therapy 5 40405270
2022 VAMP2 Expression and Genotype Are Possible Discriminators in Different Forms of Dementia. Frontiers in aging neuroscience 5 35360211
2018 β-adrenoceptor activation increased VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4 in secretory granules are involved in protein secretion of submandibular gland through the PKA/F-actin pathway. Bioscience reports 5 29358308
1997 Regulation of the priming of exocytosis and the dissociation of SNAP-25 and VAMP-2 in adrenal chromaffin cells. Neuroscience letters 5 9310310
2025 Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid levels of VAMP-2 and SNAP-25 in a dementia with Lewy bodies clinical cohort stratified by Alzheimer's pathophysiological biomarkers. Alzheimer's research & therapy 4 39994784
2022 Mifepristone inhibited tumor progression by disrupting the stability of PD-L1 by miR-127-3p/VAMP2 in ovarian cancer. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences 4 35236654

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