| 2008 |
TP53INP2 binds to LC3, GABARAP, and GABARAPL2 (Atg8-family proteins) as well as the autophagosome transmembrane protein VMP1; it translocates from the nucleus to autophagosome structures upon autophagy induction by rapamycin or starvation; siRNA-mediated knockdown strongly decreases autophagosome formation, indicating TP53INP2 is required for autophagy; it is proposed to act as a scaffold recruiting LC3/GABARAP to the autophagosome membrane via VMP1. |
Yeast two-hybrid screening, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), fluorescence microscopy |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
19056683
|
| 2012 |
Structure-function analysis identified two conserved regions in DOR/TP53INP2: region 1 (aa 28–42) contains a nuclear export signal (NES) and a functional LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif; mutations in hydrophobic residues of region 1 reduce transcriptional activity and block nuclear exit and autophagic activity. Region 2 (aa 66–112) mutations reduce transcriptional activity, impair nuclear exit upon autophagy activation, and disrupt autophagy. TP53INP1 arose by gene duplication in vertebrates and also regulates autophagy and transcription. |
Phylogenetic reconstruction, structure/function mutagenesis, nuclear export and transcriptional activity assays |
PloS one |
High |
22470510
|
| 2014 |
Muscle-specific overexpression of Tp53inp2 in transgenic mice reduces muscle mass, while Tp53inp2 deletion causes muscle hypertrophy. TP53INP2 activates basal autophagy in skeletal muscle and sustains p62-independent autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. TP53INP2 ablation mitigates experimental diabetes-associated muscle loss, and its overexpression/absence does not affect denervation-induced wasting (where autophagy is blocked), placing TP53INP2 specifically upstream of autophagy-dependent muscle mass regulation. |
Transgenic mouse models (muscle-specific overexpression and knockout), streptozotocin-induced diabetes model, denervation model, autophagy flux assays |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
24713655
|
| 2016 |
TP53INP2 localizes to the nucleolus via a C-terminal nucleolar localization signal (NoLS). ChIP assays detect TP53INP2 association with ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Exclusion of TP53INP2 from the nucleolus represses rDNA promoter activity and reduces rRNA and ribosomal protein production. TP53INP2 directly interacts with and is required for assembly of the POLR1/RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex (PIC) at rDNA promoters, revealing a role in promoting ribosome biogenesis. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), nucleolar localization assays, RNA polymerase I PIC interaction and assembly assays, rRNA production measurements |
Autophagy |
High |
27172002
|
| 2018 |
TP53INP2 negatively regulates adipogenesis in preadipocytes by promoting autophagy-dependent sequestration of GSK3β into late endosomes in an ESCRT-dependent manner. This sequestration increases β-catenin levels and enhances TCF/LEF transcriptional activity. TP53INP2 ablation in mice causes enhanced adiposity with greater cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue and increased expression of adipogenic master genes. |
Transgenic mouse models (TP53INP2 knockout), preadipocyte differentiation assays, late endosome fractionation, β-catenin/TCF-LEF reporter assays, ESCRT inhibition experiments |
Nature cell biology |
High |
29593329
|
| 2019 |
TP53INP2 sensitizes cells to death receptor-induced apoptosis by binding both caspase-8 and the ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, functioning as a scaffold that bridges ubiquitinated caspase-8 to TRAF6 for further polyubiquitination and activation of caspase-8. A TRAF6-interacting motif (TIM) and a ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) in TP53INP2 are required; mutations of key TIM residues abrogate TRAF6 and caspase-8 interaction and reduce death receptor-induced apoptosis. TP53INP2 deficiency in cultured cells or mouse livers protects against death receptor-induced apoptosis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis of TIM and UIM motifs, in vivo mouse liver apoptosis model, apoptosis assays with TRAIL/FasL |
The EMBO journal |
High |
30979779
|
| 2019 |
Cytoplasmic TP53INP2 promotes autophagosome biogenesis by directly interacting with ATG7 to form a LC3B-TP53INP2-ATG7 ternary complex. The N-terminal region of TP53INP2 (including the LIR) is sufficient to trigger LC3B-PE lipidation and autophagosome formation. Loss of TP53INP2-LC3 or TP53INP2-ATG7 interaction significantly reduces LC3B-ATG7 binding. TP53INP2 colocalizes with early autophagic membrane structures (ATG14, DFCP1, WIPI2-positive). |
Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, LIR mutant analysis (W35A/I38A), autophagosome formation assays, fluorescence colocalization, LC3B-PE lipidation assays |
Autophagy |
High |
30767704
|
| 2019 |
TP53INP2 contains a ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) that mediates binding to ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins. TP53INP2 lacking the UIM can displace the autophagic adaptor p62 from LC3, leading to accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins; overexpression of UIM-deficient TP53INP2 sensitizes cells to chloroquine. This indicates TP53INP2 can act as a novel autophagic adaptor recruiting ubiquitinated substrates to autophagosomes. |
UIM domain deletion mutagenesis, ubiquitin binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation, autophagy flux assays, chloroquine sensitivity assay |
FEBS letters |
Medium |
31155706
|
| 2009 |
hnRNP A2 controls alternative splicing of an exon in the 5' UTR of TP53INP2 in a 3D matrix-dependent fashion; this splicing event is required for invasive cell migration into extracellular matrix, with consequences mediated via alterations in Golgi complex integrity during 3D migration. |
siRNA knockdown of hnRNP A2, exon-tiling microarrays, 3D matrix invasion assays, Golgi morphology analysis |
Cancer research |
Medium |
19934309
|
| 2023 |
FTO-mediated m6A demethylation upregulates TP53INP2 expression in NPM1-mutated AML cells. Mutant NPM1 directly interacts with TP53INP2 and delocalizes it to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic TP53INP2 then enhances autophagy by promoting LC3-ATG7 interaction, facilitating leukemia cell survival. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (TP53INP2 with mutant NPM1), m6A modification assays (FTO), LC3-ATG7 interaction assays, gain/loss-of-function in AML cells |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Medium |
36675134
|
| 2024 |
TP53INP2 is predominantly degraded by nuclear proteasomes under basal conditions. Under starvation or chemical stress, TP53INP2 accumulates in the cytoplasm independently of ATG5, CRM1-mediated export, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, or acetylation. A C-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS) overlapping a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) mediates nuclear import and nucleolar enrichment; a conserved nine-amino-acid cytoplasmic retention motif (CRM) in the C-terminus prevents nuclear re-entry under stress. FRAP and importin-binding assays show starvation disrupts nuclear import. Starvation also enhances TP53INP2 translation via FTO-mediated m6A demethylation without altering mRNA stability. |
CRISPR/Cas9 knockout + EGFP-TP53INP2 reconstitution, deletion mutagenesis, FRAP, importin-binding assays, proteasome inhibitor experiments, ATG5 KO epistasis, m6A/FTO assays |
Journal of cell science |
High |
41368677
|
| 2024 |
The TP53INP2 LIR motif binds preferentially to GABARAP subfamily proteins over LC3 subfamily proteins. Crystal structures of TP53INP2LIR complexes with GABARAP and LC3A (acetylated and deacetylated) reveal a β-sheet interaction in TP53INP2LIR that determines GABARAP selectivity. Acetylation of the second conserved Lys residue (K49 in LC3B equivalent) in GABARAP or LC3A disrupts interaction with TP53INP2 and impairs nuclear/cytoplasmic LC3 shuttling in cells. |
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), X-ray crystallography (crystal structures of TP53INP2LIR-GABARAP and TP53INP2LIR-LC3A complexes), acetyl-mimetic mutant cell assays, colocalization studies |
Autophagy |
High |
38726830
|
| 2025 |
TP53INP2 localizes predominantly to mitochondria in dedifferentiated liposarcoma cells and promotes mitophagic degradation of YAP in a VDAC1-dependent manner. The WW domain of YAP and the PPTY motif of VDAC1 are required for YAP-VDAC1 interaction. TP53INP2 gain/loss-of-function experiments show it inhibits proliferation, migration, stemness, and dedifferentiation of DDLPS cells. |
Subcellular fractionation/mitochondrial localization, gain/loss-of-function in DDLPS cell lines, domain mutant analysis (WW domain, PPTY motif), mitophagy assays, YAP protein level/activity measurements |
Oncogene |
Medium |
40185868
|
| 2025 |
In mature adipocytes, TP53INP2 acts as an adaptor protein for lipophagy by directly binding to lipid droplet-associated protein perilipin 1 (PLIN1) and to LC3 via its LIR motif. Co-IP confirmed TP53INP2-PLIN1 interaction. TP53INP2 knockdown impairs lipophagy and prevents PLIN1 degradation, even though general autophagy (p62-LC3) continues, indicating selective lipophagy adaptor function. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (TP53INP2-PLIN1, TP53INP2-LC3), siRNA knockdown, lipophagy flux assays in 3T3L1 cells, starvation induction |
Life sciences |
Medium |
40484366
|
| 2021 |
Oxidative stress-induced downregulation of TP53INP2 in BMSCs is mediated by the autophagy-lysosome degradation pathway, as autophagy inhibition with bafilomycin A1 rescues TP53INP2 protein levels. TP53INP2 knockdown inhibits osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while overexpression promotes it, acting through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling (DKK1 abrogated and lithium rescued these effects). |
siRNA knockdown, overexpression, bafilomycin A1 treatment, Wnt/β-catenin pathway assays, osteogenic differentiation assays in BMSCs and OVX mouse model |
Free radical biology & medicine |
Medium |
33636337
|
| 2023 |
ZSCAN18 functions as a transcription factor that binds the TP53INP2 promoter and transcriptionally activates TP53INP2 expression in gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of TP53INP2 alleviates the tumor-suppressive effects of ZSCAN18 overexpression, placing TP53INP2 downstream of ZSCAN18 in an autophagy-promoting tumor-suppressive axis. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for ZSCAN18 at TP53INP2 promoter, epistasis by TP53INP2 siRNA knockdown in ZSCAN18-overexpressing cells, in vitro and in vivo tumor assays |
Clinical epigenetics |
Medium |
36650573
|
| 2024 |
Cytoplasmic TP53INP2 (maintained by mutant NPM1) functions as a scaffold bridging TRAF6 to caspase-8, promoting caspase-8 ubiquitination and activation via the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in AML cells with NPM1 mutations. This was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays in gain/loss-of-function experiments. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, gain/loss-of-function experiments, CDX and PDX mouse models, flow cytometry for apoptosis |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research |
Medium |
38909249
|