Affinage

TCEA1

Transcription elongation factor A protein 1 · UniProt P23193

Length
301 aa
Mass
34.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 33 papers cited in narrative 33 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TCEA1 (SII/TFIIS) is a transcription elongation factor that rescues stalled RNA polymerase II by stimulating an intrinsic endonucleolytic cleavage of the nascent transcript (PMID:1378419, PMID:3558392). Acting directly on the ternary elongation complex without other accessory factors (PMID:2387869), SII engages the 3'-end of the nascent RNA at the polymerase active site (PMID:8798387) and induces cleavage that proceeds in a 3'→5' direction, predominantly in dinucleotide increments for elongation-competent complexes but releasing longer 7–14 nucleotide fragments from arrested complexes (PMID:1378419, PMID:8509421, PMID:8509420); this repositions the transcript 3'-end at the catalytic center to restore elongation competence. This cleavage-dependent reactivation allows polymerase to read through diverse impediments including intrinsic arrest sites (PMID:2471707, PMID:8509421), a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein (PMID:8446609), and a minor-groove ligand (PMID:8114090), and the same activity enforces transcriptional fidelity by excising misincorporated ribonucleotides (PMID:14531857). The protein contacts RNA polymerase II through its central domain (PMID:9334234), with a critical Arg-Glu-His motif required both for complex formation and for stimulatory activity (PMID:1973165); genetic dissection in yeast established that the cleavage-stimulating activity, not read-through per se, underlies SII's in vivo functions (PMID:12496271), including relief of 6-azauracil sensitivity via stimulated elongation of arrest-prone genes (PMID:10858443). On chromatin templates SII potentiates elongation through nucleosomes in synergy with the histone acetyltransferase p300 (PMID:16630816) and cooperates with the human PAF1 complex via direct physical interaction (PMID:20178742). In vivo, SII is dispensable for yeast viability (PMID:1618824) but is essential for definitive hematopoiesis in mice, where its loss causes embryonic anemia and loss of long-term hematopoietic stem cell repopulating potential (PMID:16581793), and it regulates myeloid cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation (PMID:30009791). The TCEA1 gene serves as a promoter-swapping fusion partner that activates the PLAG1 oncogene in pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas (PMID:10029085).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1987 High

    Established that a purified factor (SII) directly stimulates RNA polymerase II transcription, defining SII as a bona fide elongation-promoting activity rather than an initiation factor.

    Evidence Purification to homogeneity of calf thymus SII and reconstituted in vitro transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter

    PMID:3558392

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of stimulation not yet defined
    • No mapping of polymerase interaction surface
  2. 1990 High

    Showed SII alone is sufficient to drive read-through of an intrinsic arrest site, demonstrating direct action on the ternary elongation complex without other accessory factors.

    Evidence In vitro read-through assay with purified RNA pol II and homogeneous SII on histone H3.3 intron templates

    PMID:2387869 PMID:2471707

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not yet reveal the catalytic basis (transcript cleavage) of read-through
  3. 1992 High

    Defined the core mechanism: SII facilitates 3'→5' transcript cleavage in dinucleotide increments that repositions the polymerase active site to permit resumed elongation.

    Evidence In vitro transcript cleavage assays on paused RNA pol II ternary complexes with chase experiments confirming elongation competence

    PMID:1378419

    Open questions at the time
    • Distinction between paused and irreversibly arrested complexes not yet resolved
    • Physical contact of SII with the RNA not yet shown
  4. 1993 High

    Distinguished cleavage of arrested versus elongation-competent complexes and generalized cleavage as a bypass mechanism, including read-through of a DNA-bound protein and reinitiated complexes.

    Evidence In vitro cleavage assays comparing arrested vs. stalled complexes, lac repressor roadblock transcription, and reinitiation assays

    PMID:8223477 PMID:8446609 PMID:8509420 PMID:8509421

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of cleavage product size differences not resolved
    • In vivo relevance of reinitiation dependence untested
  5. 1990 High

    Mapped the functional determinant by identifying the Arg-Glu-His (246–248) motif required for polymerase complex formation and stimulatory activity while DNA binding was retained.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis with in vitro stimulation and complex-formation assays

    PMID:1973165

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not localize the broader polymerase-interaction surface
    • Catalytic versus binding contributions of the motif not separated
  6. 1996 High

    Provided direct biochemical evidence that SII contacts the nascent RNA 3'-end within the active elongation complex, anchoring the cleavage mechanism to a physical RNA contact.

    Evidence 4-thio-UMP photoaffinity cross-linking in active elongation complexes with RNase/proteinase controls

    PMID:8798387

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic geometry of the SII-RNA-polymerase contact not resolved
  7. 1997 High

    Localized the central domain (residues ~132–270) as the species-specific RNA polymerase II interaction surface required for activity in vitro and in vivo.

    Evidence Domain-swap hybrid SII molecules between yeast and mouse with stimulation and 6-azauracil suppression assays

    PMID:7721809 PMID:9334234

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of species specificity not determined
  8. 2002 High

    Genetically dissociated cleavage-stimulation from read-through activity, assigning cleavage stimulation as the activity responsible for all measured in vivo functions.

    Evidence Yeast strains expressing SII mutants with separated activities tested across 6-azauracil sensitivity, IMD2 induction, and spt4 suppression

    PMID:10858443 PMID:12496271

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish which native genes most depend on cleavage activity genome-wide
  9. 2003 High

    Connected the cleavage activity to a fidelity function, showing SII promotes excision of misincorporated ribonucleotides in vivo.

    Evidence Mutant lacZ reporter readthrough assay in S-II null yeast plus in vitro mutant SII characterization

    PMID:14531857

    Open questions at the time
    • Frequency of proofreading events at endogenous genes not quantified
  10. 2006 High

    Extended SII function to physiological chromatin templates, identifying it as a chromatin transcription-enabling activity that synergizes with p300.

    Evidence Reconstituted chromatin transcription with purified histones, p300, and CTEA purification/elongation assays

    PMID:16630816

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic basis of p300 synergy (whether via acetylation marks or direct contact) not resolved
  11. 2010 High

    Defined a direct physical and functional partnership with the human PAF1 complex distinct from PAF1C histone-modifying roles.

    Evidence Reconstituted chromatin transcription, Co-IP/pulldown of hPAF1C and SII, and cooperative RNA pol II binding assays

    PMID:20178742

    Open questions at the time
    • Interaction interface within PAF1C not mapped
    • In vivo requirement of the cooperation untested
  12. 2006 High

    Demonstrated an essential in vivo physiological role beyond yeast viability, showing SII is required for definitive hematopoiesis and HSC maintenance in mice.

    Evidence Knockout mice with fetal liver analysis, transplantation, apoptosis, and Bcl-xL expression assays

    PMID:16581793

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific elongation-sensitive target genes driving the hematopoietic phenotype not identified
  13. 2018 Medium

    Refined the hematopoietic role to the cellular level, showing TCEA1 restrains proliferation and promotes myeloid differentiation and apoptosis.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown in 32Dcl3 myeloid cells with proliferation, G-CSF differentiation, and apoptosis assays

    PMID:30009791

    Open questions at the time
    • Single cell-line model
    • Transcriptional targets mediating the phenotype not defined
  14. 1999 Medium

    Implicated the TCEA1 locus in disease as a PLAG1 fusion partner driving oncogene activation by promoter swapping.

    Evidence RNase protection, 5'-RACE, RT-PCR, and sequence analysis of TCEA1-PLAG1 fusion transcripts in salivary gland adenomas

    PMID:10029085

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence is on PLAG1, not TCEA1 protein function per se
    • Single tumor series

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How SII selectively engages specific arrest-prone genes in vivo and how its elongation/proofreading function is wired to lineage-specific programs such as hematopoiesis remains unresolved.
  • No genome-wide map of SII-dependent endogenous targets in mammals
  • Mechanism linking elongation function to HSC/myeloid fate undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3
Partners
FESTAGRIP1P300PAF1PLAG1POLR2A
Complex memberships
RNA polymerase II elongation complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 33 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 SII (TCEA1) facilitates transcript cleavage by the RNA polymerase II ternary complex in a 3'→5' direction, proceeding primarily in 2-nucleotide increments, requiring a divalent cation, and inhibited by alpha-amanitin; after cleavage, the polymerase catalytic site is repositioned to allow resumption of elongation at the proper template position. In vitro transcription assay with artificially paused RNA pol II ternary complexes; NTP-limiting conditions; chase experiments to confirm elongation competence of cleaved products Genes & development High 1378419
1989 SII (TCEA1) enables RNA polymerase II to read through intrinsic transcriptional block sites in a human histone H3.3 gene intron in vitro; the activity co-fractionates with the previously characterized SII elongation factor over three chromatographic columns, and homogeneous calf thymus SII provides read-through activity in trans. In vitro transcription from promoter using purified RNA pol II and initiation factors; chromatographic fractionation and partial purification; activity assay with homogeneous calf thymus SII The Journal of biological chemistry High 2471707
1987 Purified calf thymus SII (38 kDa) stimulates RNA synthesis by purified RNA polymerase II ~4-fold and increases efficiency of the elongation reaction in a reconstituted HeLa transcription system from the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Purification to apparent homogeneity; in vitro transcription reconstitution assay with purified factors and RNA pol II; immunological cross-reactivity confirmed with mouse SII antibodies The Journal of biological chemistry High 3558392
1990 Purified SII alone (without other accessory factors) is sufficient to promote read-through of an intrinsic termination site in the human histone H3.3 gene first intron by purified RNA polymerase II, demonstrating direct interaction between SII and the ternary elongation complex. In vitro transcription from 3'-extended templates using purified RNA pol II; read-through assay with homogeneous SII protein The Journal of biological chemistry High 2387869
1993 SII-facilitated transcript cleavage is an obligatory step in re-establishing elongation competency of RNA pol II ternary complexes arrested at intrinsic arrest sites; arrested complexes release 7–14 nucleotide RNA fragments upon SII action, whereas elongation-competent stalled complexes are cleaved primarily in dinucleotide increments. In vitro SII-facilitated cleavage assays on elongation-competent vs. arrested ternary complexes; uniformly labeled transcript analysis; cleavage product characterization The Journal of biological chemistry High 8509421
1993 SII-facilitated transcript cleavage by elongation-competent (non-arrested) RNA pol II complexes occurs in predominantly dinucleotide increments, liberating 5'-phosphodinucleotides; both kinetics and increment of cleavage are influenced by transcript sequence. Novel assay with uniformly labeled transcripts in stalled ternary complexes (single NTP omitted); cleavage product characterization by gel analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 8509420
1993 SII enables RNA polymerase II to transcribe through a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein (lac repressor) in a reconstituted transcription system; lac repressor-arrested elongation complexes display SII-activated transcript cleavage, demonstrating cleavage as a general mechanism for bypass of transcriptional impediments. Reconstituted in vitro transcription through lac repressor-bound template; SII-activated nascent RNA cleavage assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8446609
1993 SII (TFIIS) is a required activity for synthesis of reinitiated transcripts by RNA polymerase II; reinitiated elongation complexes require SII to proceed through a 400-bp G-free cassette, whereas first-round initiation complexes are SII-independent, demonstrating that promoter events create different elongation complex properties. In vitro reinitiation transcription assay; Western blot with SII-specific antibodies; reconstitution with recombinant SII The EMBO journal High 8223477
1988 SII (TCEA1) interacts with a domain encoded by the fifth exon of the large subunit of human RNA polymerase II; a fusion protein containing this region inhibits SII-stimulated transcription elongation in vitro, and monoclonal antibody 2-7B targeting this region blocks SII binding to RNA pol II. Beta-galactosidase fusion protein expression; in vitro transcription inhibition assay; monoclonal antibody 2-7B inhibition experiments Molecular and cellular biology Medium 3145407
1990 The amino acid sequence Arg-Glu-His at positions 246–248 of SII (S-II) is critical for stimulatory activity; substitution of His248 with alanine or tyrosine reduced activity to <30%, and triple substitution at 246–248 abolished activity completely. The inactive mutant lost ability to form a complex with RNA polymerase II but retained DNA-binding ability. Site-directed mutagenesis; in vitro RNA pol II stimulation assay; complex formation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 1973165
1994 SII (TFIIS) facilitates read-through of RNA pol II arrest sites caused by the minor-groove DNA-binding drug distamycin; distamycin-arrested elongation complexes undergo SII-induced nascent RNA cleavage, confirming SII as a general elongation factor that stimulates transcription by activating nascent RNA cleavage through diverse impediments. In vitro transcription assay with distamycin-treated templates; SII-facilitated RNA cleavage assay; conformational analysis of distamycin-bound templates Journal of molecular biology High 8114090
1996 SII (TFIIS) directly contacts the 3'-end of nascent RNA within an RNA polymerase II elongation complex, as detected by photoaffinity labeling; cross-linking required SII, 4-thio-UMP incorporation, and irradiation, and was sensitive to RNase/proteinase; contact was not detected after RNA was released from the complex by cleavage, indicating SII engages elongation complex-associated RNA at the active site. Photoaffinity labeling (4-thio-UMP cross-linking) in active RNA pol II elongation complexes; RNase/proteinase sensitivity controls; comparison with N-terminally truncated active SII mutant The Journal of biological chemistry High 8798387
1998 Genetic disruption of SII (PPR2/S-II) in yeast combined with the arrest-prone RNA pol II rpb2-10 mutation causes synergistic reductions in total poly(A)+ RNA and specific mRNA levels and synergistic 6-azauracil hypersensitivity, demonstrating genetic interaction between SII and RNA pol II subunit RPB2 in mRNA synthesis in vivo. Yeast genetics: SII null + conditional rpb2-10 double mutants; poly(A)+ RNA quantitation; specific mRNA Northern blot; 6-azauracil sensitivity assay Molecular and cellular biology High 9742094
1995 The C-terminal 168 amino acids of yeast S-II are sufficient for RNA pol II-stimulating activity, arrest-relief activity, and suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity in vivo; the region spanning residues 148–150 is the minimal N-terminal boundary required for in vivo function. Deletion mutant expression in S-II null yeast; in vitro RNA pol II stimulation assay with recombinant proteins; 6-azauracil sensitivity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 7721809
2001 TFIIF, ELL, and Elongin negatively regulate SII-induced nascent transcript cleavage by non-arrested (paused) RNA polymerase II elongation intermediates, revealing cross-talk between distinct elongation factor classes; these factors suppress pausing by preventing displacement of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts, thereby antagonizing SII-dependent cleavage of paused complexes. In vitro nascent RNA cleavage assay with purified TFIIF, ELL, Elongin, and SII; paused vs. arrested elongation complex comparison The Journal of biological chemistry High 11259417
2003 S-II (TCEA1) maintains transcriptional fidelity in vivo by promoting excision of misincorporated ribonucleotides (mRNA proofreading); S-II-disrupted yeast exhibit 9-fold higher beta-galactosidase activity from a misread mutant lacZ reporter, and S-II mutants unable to stimulate RNA pol II in vitro fail to maintain fidelity or confer oxidative stress resistance. Genetic reporter assay (mutant lacZ); yeast S-II null mutants; in vitro RNA pol II stimulation assay with mutant S-II proteins; oxidative stress sensitivity assay Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms High 14531857
2006 S-II (TCEA1) is required for definitive hematopoiesis in mice; S-II-deficient embryos die at midgestation with severe anemia due to disturbed erythroblast differentiation, increased apoptosis in fetal liver (with reduced Bcl-xL expression), and loss of long-term repopulating potential of hematopoietic stem cells, while HSC generation and short-term progenitor differentiation are unaffected. Targeted gene disruption (knockout mice); fetal blood and liver analysis; colony-forming assay; lethal irradiation transplantation; apoptosis assay; Bcl-xL expression analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 16581793
2006 SII/TFIIS synergizes with the histone acetyltransferase p300 to potentiate transcription elongation through nucleosomes on chromatin templates; SII is identified as a major component of chromatin transcription-enabling activity (CTEA) and acts at a step subsequent to preinitiation complex formation. Reconstituted chromatin transcription system with purified histones, assembly factors, p300, general transcription machinery; CTEA purification; in vitro transcription elongation assay on recombinant chromatin Cell High 16630816
2010 Human PAF1 complex (hPAF1C) and SII/TFIIS cooperate synergistically to facilitate transcription elongation on chromatin templates; direct physical interaction between hPAF1C and SII, and cooperative binding to RNA polymerase II, underlie this synergy, representing a PAF1C function distinct from its histone ubiquitylation/methylation roles. Reconstituted chromatin transcription system; Co-IP/pulldown of hPAF1C and SII; cooperative binding assay to RNA pol II; in vitro elongation assay on chromatin templates Cell High 20178742
2002 Cleavage stimulation activity (not read-through stimulation activity per se) of S-II is responsible for all three biological functions in yeast: suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity, induction of IMD2 gene expression, and suppression of spt4 null temperature sensitivity; a mutant active only in cleavage stimulation phenocopies wild type. Yeast strains expressing S-II mutant proteins with separated cleavage vs. read-through activities; 6-azauracil/mycophenolic acid sensitivity; IMD2 induction assay; spt4 null temperature sensitivity suppression The Journal of biological chemistry High 12496271
2000 S-II (TCEA1) confers yeast resistance to 6-azauracil by stimulating transcription elongation of the SSM1 gene; two transcription arrest sites within the SSM1 transcription unit are relieved by S-II in vitro, and S-II null mutants show repressed SSM1 expression that is restored by S-II molecules competent for elongation stimulation. Multicopy suppressor identification; SSM1 expression analysis; in vitro transcription arrest site mapping; S-II structure-function analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 10858443
1997 The region spanning amino acids 132–270 of yeast S-II is indispensable for species-specific interaction with yeast RNA polymerase II in vitro and for suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity in vivo; the corresponding region (132–262) of Ehrlich cell (mouse) S-II is essential for interaction with mouse RNA pol II, identifying the middle domain as the RNA pol II interaction surface. Hybrid S-II molecule construction; in vitro RNA pol II stimulation with species specificity assay; yeast 6-azauracil sensitivity suppression The Journal of biological chemistry High 9334234
1988 TCEA1/S-II mRNA is polymorphic in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, with four species detected by RNA blot analysis; genomic structure analysis suggested the polymorphism arises from alternative splicing or differences in transcription initiation/termination, and the predicted primary structure was confirmed consistent with biochemical analyses. cDNA cloning; nucleotide sequence analysis; RNA blot analysis; genomic structure analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 3346229
1992 Yeast S-II (the product of the PPR2 locus) was purified and the gene cloned; gene disruption shows S-II null mutants are viable under normal growth conditions, indicating S-II is not essential for yeast growth. Protein purification; gene cloning and sequencing; gene disruption experiment; growth assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 1618824
1994 A testis-specific isoform of S-II (SII-T1) encoded by a distinct cDNA (299 amino acids in rat) is expressed exclusively in testis and not other tissues; recombinant testis-specific S-II stimulates RNA polymerase II activity. cDNA cloning from rat testis library; tissue expression analysis; recombinant protein production in E. coli; in vitro RNA pol II stimulation assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 8300645
1998 Three distinct TFIIS (TCEA) isoforms (TFIIS.o, TFIIS.n/TCEA2, and TFIIS.h/TCEA3) are conserved across vertebrates (Xenopus, mouse, human); TCEA3 isoforms are functionally equivalent in in vitro RNA cleavage assays despite differing in their linker regions. cDNA cloning; sequence analysis; phylogenetic analysis; in vitro RNA cleavage assay Genomics Medium 9790746
1996 The human SII (TCEA1) gene maps to chromosome 3p22→p21.3, a region frequently deleted in certain cancers; the gene is intronless (2.5-kb) in the human genome, verified by RT-PCR. PCR analysis of human/rodent somatic cell hybrid panel; somatic cell hybrid mapping with chromosome 3 translocations; FISH with human YAC clone; RT-PCR verification Genomics Medium 8812434
1997 Transcription elongation factor S-II is not required for transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) in yeast; S-II null mutations do not alter UV sensitivity or repair rate on the transcribed strand of the RPB2 gene in any NER-proficient or NER-deficient background tested. S-II null mutation in RAD+, rad26, rad7, rad7 rad26 yeast backgrounds; UV sensitivity assay; strand-specific repair assay at RPB2 locus Molecular & general genetics : MGG High 9150262
2010 RNAi-mediated silencing of TFIIS (TCEA1) in human cells does not affect recovery of nascent RNA synthesis after UV exposure, repair of a UV-damaged reporter gene, or cellular sensitivity to UV or cisplatin, indicating TFIIS is not limiting for TC-NER in mammalian cells. RNA interference; nascent RNA synthesis recovery assay post-UV; UV-damaged reporter gene repair assay; clonogenic survival assay with UV and cisplatin Mutation research High 21070792
2004 GRIP1tau (a novel testis-specific nuclear isoform of GRIP1) interacts directly with the testis-specific elongation factor SII-T1 via co-immunoprecipitation; GRIP1tau has transcriptional activator function (demonstrated by GAL4 reporter assays), and its transactivation domain overlaps its SII-T1 interaction region; transactivation by GRIP1tau is stimulated by SII-T1 in a dose-dependent manner. Yeast two-hybrid screening; co-immunoprecipitation; GAL4-responsive reporter gene assays; deletion analysis of transactivation/interaction domains Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms Medium 15507123
2003 FESTA, a novel nuclear protein expressed specifically in kidney and spleen, directly interacts with S-II (TCEA1) via yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation; FESTA has transcriptional activation ability (GAL4 reporter assay) that requires its C-terminal tail, and the C-terminal tail also mediates interaction with S-II, suggesting S-II co-activates gene-specific transcription through interaction with tissue-specific activators. Yeast two-hybrid screening; co-immunoprecipitation; GAL4-responsive reporter gene assay; deletion mutagenesis of FESTA Journal of biochemistry Medium 12761297
2018 Knockdown of Tcea1 (TCEA1) in the 32Dcl3 myeloid cell line enhances cell proliferation, blocks G-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation, and inhibits apoptosis, demonstrating TCEA1 regulates proliferative potential, survival, and differentiation of myeloid cells. shRNA library screening; shRNA knockdown in 32Dcl3 cells; proliferation assay; G-CSF-induced differentiation assay; apoptosis assay Experimental cell research Medium 30009791
1999 TCEA1 (the gene encoding transcription elongation factor SII) serves as a fusion partner gene for PLAG1 in pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas; TCEA1-PLAG1 fusion transcripts arise from cryptic rearrangements, with breakpoints in the 5'-noncoding region of PLAG1, leading to promoter swapping that activates PLAG1 expression. RNase protection; 5'-RACE; RT-PCR; nucleotide sequence analysis of fusion transcripts Cancer research Medium 10029085

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1980 Somatic submodality distribution within the second somatosensory (SII), 7b, retroinsular, postauditory, and granular insular cortical areas of M. fascicularis. The Journal of comparative neurology 293 7410615
1992 The RNA polymerase II ternary complex cleaves the nascent transcript in a 3'----5' direction in the presence of elongation factor SII. Genes & development 276 1378419
2022 Investigation of the Associations of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers-Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI)-With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence. International journal of molecular sciences 247 36076952
2010 The human PAF1 complex acts in chromatin transcription elongation both independently and cooperatively with SII/TFIIS. Cell 223 20178742
2000 Trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase from Dehalococcoides ethenogenes: sequence of tceA and substrate range characterization. Applied and environmental microbiology 215 11097881
1989 Transcription elongation factor SII (TFIIS) enables RNA polymerase II to elongate through a block to transcription in a human gene in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 188 2471707
2000 Transcription elongation factor SII. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 174 10723030
1984 Relative contributions of SII and area 5 to tactile discrimination in monkeys. Behavioural brain research 163 6696789
2021 Relationship Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and the Severity of Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 135 33685239
2005 An internal reference technique for accurately quantifying specific mRNAs by real-time PCR with application to the tceA reductive dehalogenase gene. Applied and environmental microbiology 126 16000799
1999 Conserved mechanism of PLAG1 activation in salivary gland tumors with and without chromosome 8q12 abnormalities: identification of SII as a new fusion partner gene. Cancer research 123 10029085
1993 The increment of SII-facilitated transcript cleavage varies dramatically between elongation competent and incompetent RNA polymerase II ternary complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 109 8509421
1993 Elongation factor SII-dependent transcription by RNA polymerase II through a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 8446609
1989 Nociceptive responses of trigeminal neurons in SII-7b cortex of awake monkeys. Brain research 105 2713690
1987 Purification and functional characterization of transcription factor SII from calf thymus. Role in RNA polymerase II elongation. The Journal of biological chemistry 92 3558392
2001 Responses of the supra-sylvian (SII) cortex in humans to painful and innocuous stimuli. A study using intra-cerebral recordings. Pain 90 11576746
2022 Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) as a Superior Predictor of Long-Term Survival Outcome in Patients With Stage I-II Gastric Cancer After Radical Surgery. Frontiers in oncology 89 35296020
1992 Purification, gene cloning, and gene disruption of the transcription elongation factor S-II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Journal of biological chemistry 86 1618824
1993 SII-facilitated transcript cleavage in RNA polymerase II complexes stalled early after initiation occurs in primarily dinucleotide increments. The Journal of biological chemistry 83 8509420
2020 Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) Predicts Increased Severity in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Current health sciences journal 81 33717509
2006 CHCHD7-PLAG1 and TCEA1-PLAG1 gene fusions resulting from cryptic, intrachromosomal 8q rearrangements in pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 81 16736500
1992 Genes homologous to ubiquitin-conjugating proteins and eukaryotic transcription factor SII in African swine fever virus. Virology 81 1309282
1990 Purified elongation factor SII is sufficient to promote read-through by purified RNA polymerase II at specific termination sites in the human histone H3.3 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 80 2387869
2019 Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is useful to predict survival outcomes in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. Thoracic cancer 79 30734516
2006 Synergistic functions of SII and p300 in productive activator-dependent transcription of chromatin templates. Cell 79 16630816
1996 Parallel processing in cerebral cortex of the marmoset monkey: effect of reversible SI inactivation on tactile responses in SII. Journal of neurophysiology 76 8985863
1988 Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA for eukaryotic transcription factor S-II. The Journal of biological chemistry 74 3346229
1986 Callosal projections from area SII to SI in monkeys: anatomical organization and comparison with association projections. The Journal of comparative neurology 66 3782508
2019 Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is useful to predict survival outcomes in patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Cancer 65 31289589
1995 Structure-function relationship of yeast S-II in terms of stimulation of RNA polymerase II, arrest relief, and suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity. The Journal of biological chemistry 61 7721809
1979 Anatomical and functional aspects of the associative projections from somatic area SI to SII. Experimental brain research 56 84762
2007 Modulation of somatosensory evoked fields from SI and SII by acute GABA A-agonism and paired-pulse stimulation. NeuroImage 54 18234513
2005 Transcriptional expression of the tceA gene in a Dehalococcoides-containing microbial enrichment. Applied and environmental microbiology 53 16269753
1994 A DNA minor groove-binding ligand both potentiates and arrests transcription by RNA polymerase II. Elongation factor SII enables readthrough at arrest sites. Journal of molecular biology 53 8114090
2024 The Associations of Two Novel Inflammation Biomarkers, SIRI and SII, with Mortality Risk in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Journal of inflammation research 49 38415264
2019 Clinical significance of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer management and research 48 31190988
2022 The Predictive Role of Maternal Biological Markers and Inflammatory Scores NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI for the Risk of Preterm Delivery. Journal of clinical medicine 47 36498555
1990 Drosophila RNA polymerase II elongation factor DmS-II has homology to mouse S-II and sequence similarity to yeast PPR2. Nucleic acids research 47 2243775
2021 Respiratory Vinyl Chloride Reductive Dechlorination to Ethene in TceA-Expressing Dehalococcoides mccartyi. Environmental science & technology 45 33683880
1998 Mutations in RNA polymerase II and elongation factor SII severely reduce mRNA levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 45 9742094
1994 Purification and identification of a vaccinia virus-encoded intermediate stage promoter-specific transcription factor that has homology to eukaryotic transcription factor SII (TFIIS) and an additional role as a viral RNA polymerase subunit. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 8188710
2002 Functional characterization of the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor coupling domain SII(+/-) splice variants and the Opisthotonos mutant form. Biophysical journal 42 11916857
1998 Identification of novel genes encoding transcription elongation factor TFIIS (TCEA) in vertebrates: conservation of three distinct TFIIS isoforms in frog, mouse, and human. Genomics 39 9790746
2003 Transcription elongation factor S-II maintains transcriptional fidelity and confers oxidative stress resistance. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 38 14531857
2007 Environmental distribution of the trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase gene (tceA) suggests lateral gene transfer among Dehalococcoides. FEMS microbiology ecology 36 17233752
2006 Transcription elongation factor S-II is required for definitive hematopoiesis. Molecular and cellular biology 34 16581793
2001 Transcription factors TFIIF, ELL, and Elongin negatively regulate SII-induced nascent transcript cleavage by non-arrested RNA polymerase II elongation intermediates. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 11259417
1994 Cloning and identification of testis-specific transcription elongation factor S-II. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 8300645
1988 Transcription elongation factor SII interacts with a domain of the large subunit of human RNA polymerase II. Molecular and cellular biology 34 3145407
2002 SDT1/SSM1, a multicopy suppressor of S-II null mutant, encodes a novel pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 11934891
1992 Characterization of a HeLa cDNA clone encoding the human SII protein, an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II. Gene 31 1378807
2001 Neural correlates for roughness choice in monkey second somatosensory cortex (SII). Journal of neurophysiology 30 11600662
2000 Transcription elongation factor S-II confers yeast resistance to 6-azauracil by enhancing expression of the SSM1 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 10858443
1996 Elongation factor SII contacts the 3'-end of RNA in the RNA polymerase II elongation complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 8798387
1990 Bilateral interaction in the second somatosensory area (SII) of the cat and contribution of the corpus callosum. Brain research 25 2085764
1996 Spermatocyte-specific expression of the gene for mouse testis-specific transcription elongation factor S-II. FEBS letters 24 8641458
1993 Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II: mechanism of SII activation. Cellular & molecular biology research 24 8312968
2020 Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) for Predicting the Survival of Patients with Stage I-III Gastric Cancer with a Signet-Ring Cell (SRC) Component. BioMed research international 20 32596318
2020 IL-6, NLR, and SII Markers and Their Relation with Alterations in CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients Treated for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Biology 20 33167343
1990 Bilateral receptive fields in cortical area SII: contribution of the corpus callosum and other interhemispheric commissures. Somatosensory & motor research 20 2378194
2020 Using the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) as a Mid-Treatment Marker for Survival among Patients with Stage-III Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). International journal of environmental research and public health 18 33143164
1997 Transcription elongation factor S-II is not required for transcription-coupled repair in yeast. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 18 9150262
2006 Down-regulation of transcription elogation factor A (SII) like 4 (TCEAL4) in anaplastic thyroid cancer. BMC cancer 16 17076909
1988 A comparison of DNA and immunoblot fingerprinting of the SII biotype of coagulase negative staphylococci. Epidemiology and infection 16 3053215
2024 Predictive value of SIRI and SII for metastases in RCC: a prospective clinical study. BMC urology 15 38218876
2023 CM3-SII polysaccharide obtained from Cordyceps militaris ameliorates hyperlipidemia in heterozygous LDLR-deficient hamsters by modulating gut microbiota and NPC1L1 and PPARα levels. International journal of biological macromolecules 15 37011745
2022 Preprocedural SII Combined with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predicts the Risk of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in STEMI Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal of inflammation research 15 35783247
2015 GeneCARD-FISH: detection of tceA and vcrA reductive dehalogenase genes in Dehalococcoides mccartyi by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Journal of microbiological methods 15 25595619
2002 Cleavage, but not read-through, stimulation activity is responsible for three biologic functions of transcription elongation factor S-II. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 12496271
1994 A HeLa-cell-encoded p21 is homologous to transcription elongation factor SII. Gene 15 8206389
1993 Synthesis of reinitiated transcripts by mammalian RNA polymerase II is controlled by elongation factor SII. The EMBO journal 15 8223477
2023 High Levels of SII and PIV are the Risk Factors of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. International journal of general medicine 14 37287504
2023 Role of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in assessing clinical efficacy of TNF-α inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis. American journal of translational research 14 38074808
2005 Response of SII cortex to ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral flutter stimulation in the cat. BMC neuroscience 14 15710047
2004 GRIP1tau, a novel PDZ domain-containing transcriptional activator, cooperates with the testis-specific transcription elongation factor SII-T1. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 14 15507123
1997 Restricted expression of a member of the transcription elongation factor S-II family in testicular germ cells during and after meiosis. Journal of biochemistry 14 9133631
1997 Identification of the region in yeast S-II that defines species specificity in its interaction with RNA polymerase II. The Journal of biological chemistry 14 9334234
1998 Molecular cloning of cDNA and tissue-specific expression of the gene for SII-K1, a novel transcription elongation factor SII. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 13 9685180
2024 L-shaped association of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with serum soluble α-Klotho in the prospective cohort study from the NHANES database. Scientific reports 11 38851827
2022 Relationship between SIRI, SII values, and Alvarado score with complications of acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES 11 35652883
2024 The Association of Pretreatment Systemic Immune Inflammatory Response Index (SII) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. International journal of general medicine 10 38974140
2022 A Novel Inflammatory Marker in the Follow-up of Moderate-to-Severe Acne Vulgaris Administered Isotretinoin: Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII). Current health sciences journal 10 35911945
2021 Computational density-functional approaches on finite-size and guest-lattice effects in CO2@sII clathrate hydrate. The Journal of chemical physics 10 33514100
1996 Transcription elongation factor SII (TCEA) maps to human chromosome 3p22 --> p21.3. Genomics 10 8812434
2025 NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio), and SII (systemic immune-inflammation index) reflect disease activity and renal remission in patients with lupus nephritis. Frontiers in immunology 9 41098718
2023 Safety and immunogenicity of SII-NVX-CoV2373 (COVID-19 vaccine) in adults in a phase 2/3, observer-blind, randomised, controlled study. The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia 9 36647543
2010 RNA interference against transcription elongation factor SII does not support its role in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. Mutation research 9 21070792
1990 Site-directed mutagenesis of arginine 246, glutamic acid 247, and histidine 248 in the eukaryotic transcription factor S-II. The Journal of biological chemistry 9 1973165
2024 Determination of systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic inflammatory index (SII), HMGB1, Mx1 and TNF levels in neonatal calf diarrhea with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 8 39153273
2018 TCEA1 regulates the proliferative potential of mouse myeloid cells. Experimental cell research 8 30009791
2000 Gene structure and chromosome mapping of mouse transcription elongation factor S-II (Tcea1). Gene 8 10689187
2019 Unraveling the metastability of the SI and SII carbon monoxide hydrate with a combined DFT-neutron diffraction investigation. The Journal of chemical physics 7 31091912
2003 Identification of a novel tissue-specific transcriptional activator FESTA as a protein that interacts with the transcription elongation factor S-II. Journal of biochemistry 7 12761297
1988 Augmentation and stable expression of a novel transcription factor SII in CD4-positive cells on infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 7 3263125
2024 The Association of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Immune-Response Index (SIRI), and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP). Journal of reproductive immunology 6 38850761
2023 [Study on the predictive significance of PLR, SII and RPR in ovarian endometriotic cyst]. Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi 6 37724384
2021 A New Biomarker in Differentiation of Mucosal Chronic Otitis Media from Squamous Chronic Otitis Media: The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII). Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India 6 36514423
2025 Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) of Patients With and Without Diabetic Neuropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 5 40792338
2023 Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) for the differential diagnosis of CT-negative mild acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. The International journal of neuroscience 5 36683582
2022 Short Research Communication Anti-Spike Antibody Response to COVISHIELD™ (SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine in Patients with B-Cell and Plasma Cell Malignancies and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients. Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 5 35261492

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