Affinage

TAP1

Antigen peptide transporter 1 · UniProt Q03518

Length
748 aa
Mass
81.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 30 papers cited in narrative 30 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TAP1 is an ER-resident ABC transporter subunit that heterodimerizes with TAP2 to form an ATP-dependent peptide translocator essential for loading antigenic peptides onto MHC class I molecules and sustaining cell-surface class I expression (PMID:1473153, PMID:8348620). Both subunits contribute to the peptide-binding site, but MHC class I heavy chain–β2-microglobulin dimers associate specifically with TAP1; the TAP1 nucleotide-binding domain adopts a non-consensus catalytic configuration with attenuated ATPase activity, making the TAP2 NBD the primary driver of transport, while the N-terminal four-transmembrane domain unique to TAP1 mediates tapasin binding and peptide-loading complex assembly (PMID:7809108, PMID:17068338, PMID:16407277). Transcription of TAP1 is governed by a bidirectional promoter shared with LMP2, integrating IFN-γ signals through sequential STAT1 (GAS element) and IRF-1 engagement, NF-κB-dependent TNF-α responses, and p53-mediated induction, while post-transcriptionally TAP1 is regulated by miR-200a-5p targeting its 3′-UTR (PMID:7699330, PMID:8617938, PMID:8885869, PMID:10618714, PMID:32923135). Loss-of-function mutations in TAP1 cause bare lymphocyte syndrome type I (HLA class I deficiency) with pulmonary and cutaneous disease (PMID:10074495).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Establishing that TAP1 is non-redundant for MHC class I surface expression and antigen presentation resolved whether this MHC-linked gene was truly essential for the class I pathway.

    Evidence TAP1 knockout mice generated by ES cell technology showed severely reduced surface class I and abolished CTL recognition of cytosolic antigens

    PMID:1473153

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of peptide transport not yet demonstrated biochemically
    • Relative contributions of TAP1 vs TAP2 unknown
  2. 1993 High

    Demonstrating ATP-dependent, sequence-selective peptide translocation in a cell-free system established TAP1 as part of a bona fide active transporter rather than a passive channel.

    Evidence In vitro peptide translocation assay using membranes from TAP1-deficient cells reconstituted with TAP1

    PMID:8348620

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TAP1 alone or TAP1–TAP2 heterodimer is the functional unit not resolved
    • Substrate selectivity rules incomplete
  3. 1994 High

    Photoaffinity labeling and co-IP showed that both TAP1 and TAP2 contact peptide, but MHC class I associates specifically with TAP1, assigning distinct roles within the heterodimer.

    Evidence Photoaffinity peptide labeling of individual TAP subunits and co-immunoprecipitation of MHC class I with TAP1 but not TAP2 in transfectant lines

    PMID:7809108

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for selective MHC class I–TAP1 interaction unknown
    • Stoichiometry of MHC class I–TAP complex not determined
  4. 1995 High

    Identification of the shared bidirectional TAP1–LMP2 promoter with NF-κB and Sp1 elements explained coordinated regulation of antigen processing genes by inflammatory cytokines.

    Evidence Bidirectional reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis of NF-κB and GC elements, in vivo footprinting, and EMSA

    PMID:7699330

    Open questions at the time
    • Full set of transcription factors using this promoter not catalogued
    • Chromatin context and epigenetic regulation not addressed
  5. 1996 High

    Sequential engagement of STAT1 (via GAS element) and IRF-1 (via IRF-E) explained how IFN-γ rapidly and sustainably induces TAP1, with KO mice confirming both factors are required in vivo.

    Evidence Promoter mutagenesis, kinetic signaling analysis of STAT1α vs IRF-1 activation; IRF-1−/− and later STAT1−/− mice showing loss of TAP1 induction

    PMID:14735146 PMID:8617938 PMID:8885869

    Open questions at the time
    • Epigenetic mechanisms governing promoter accessibility not explored
    • Whether other STAT family members compensate partially unclear
  6. 1996 High

    Identification of a human TAP1 point mutation (R659Q) near the ATP-binding site that abolished peptide transport in a lung cancer line established that single residue changes in the NBD are sufficient to eliminate function.

    Evidence Sequencing, peptide binding assays, and gene transfection rescue of antigen presentation in a small cell lung cancer line

    PMID:8640228

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this mutation affects ATP binding, hydrolysis, or conformational coupling not distinguished
  7. 1999 High

    Discovery that p53 directly transactivates TAP1 via a p53-responsive element linked tumor suppression to immune surveillance through antigen processing.

    Evidence Reporter assays with p53-responsive element, p53 transfection, peptide transport and surface MHC class I assays

    PMID:10618714

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether p53 loss in tumors is a dominant mechanism of TAP1 silencing in vivo not tested
    • Interaction with other p53 family members (p73) only partially explored
  8. 1999 High

    TAP1 deficiency in humans was shown to cause bare lymphocyte syndrome type I with ER-retained unstable HLA class I, directly linking TAP1 loss to a defined immunodeficiency.

    Evidence Clinical analysis of TAP1-deficient patients with biochemical demonstration of ER-retained class I molecules

    PMID:10074495

    Open questions at the time
    • Genotype-phenotype correlation across different TAP1 mutations incomplete
    • Why patients develop granulomatous lung disease specifically not mechanistically explained
  9. 2001 High

    The crystal structure of the TAP1 NBD revealed an L-shaped RecA-like/α-helical architecture with non-consensus catalytic residues, providing the structural basis for asymmetric ATPase activity in the TAP heterodimer.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of the C-terminal ATPase domain of TAP1 bound to ADP

    PMID:11532960

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length TAP1–TAP2 heterodimer structure not available
    • Conformational changes during the transport cycle not captured
  10. 2001 High

    HPV E7 was shown to physically bind TAP1 and inhibit ATP-dependent peptide transport, establishing a viral immune evasion mechanism directly targeting the transporter.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation of HPV11 E7 with TAP1, in vitro peptide transport inhibition assay

    PMID:11580231

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding interface on TAP1 not mapped
    • Mechanism of transport inhibition (competitive vs allosteric) not determined
  11. 2002 High

    Tapasin was found to bind the transmembrane domains (not NBDs) of TAP1 and TAP2 and to stabilize the heterodimer thermally, explaining how tapasin enhances TAP protein levels without affecting peptide binding affinity.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation with domain-swapped chimeras, truncated TAP constructs, and thermostability assays in insect cells

    PMID:12213826

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise TM helices mediating tapasin contact not identified
    • How tapasin stabilization coordinates with peptide loading kinetics unclear
  12. 2006 High

    Refined topology mapping established TAP1 as a 10-TM protein with a unique N-terminal four-TM domain essential for tapasin binding and peptide-loading complex assembly, distinguishing it from canonical six-TM ABC transporters.

    Evidence Cysteine-scanning mutagenesis with membrane-impermeable fluorophores in semi-permeabilized cells expressing functional peptide-loading complex

    PMID:16407277

    Open questions at the time
    • High-resolution structure of the N-terminal four-TM domain not available
    • Whether the N-terminal domain contacts MHC class I directly not tested
  13. 2006 High

    Mutagenesis of both catalytic sites showed TAP1's NBD has attenuated ATPase activity due to non-consensus Walker B (Asp668) and switch (Gln701) residues, assigning TAP2's NBD as the primary catalytic engine for peptide translocation.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic residues in both NBDs, quantitative peptide translocation and MHC class I surface expression assays

    PMID:17068338

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TAP1 NBD contributes regulatory ATP binding without hydrolysis not fully resolved
    • Coupling mechanism between TAP2 hydrolysis and conformational switching of TAP1 TMDs not defined
  14. 2020 High

    miR-200a-5p was validated as a direct post-transcriptional repressor of TAP1 via its 3′-UTR, revealing a microRNA-based mechanism for immune evasion in melanoma.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter assay confirming miR-200a-5p binding to TAP1 3′-UTR, miR overexpression/inhibition with HLA-I surface measurement and NK cell killing assays

    PMID:32923135

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other miRNAs (miR-26b-5p, miR-21-3p) act additively on TAP1 not established
    • In vivo relevance of miR-200a-5p–TAP1 axis in tumor immune evasion not demonstrated
  15. 2021 Medium

    A presentation-independent innate immune role was proposed for TAP1, activating TBK1–IRF3 signaling to induce IFN-β and confer broad antiviral activity.

    Evidence Loss- and gain-of-function experiments, IFN-β reporter assays, TBK1/IRF3 activation, and multi-virus infection assays

    PMID:33925089

    Open questions at the time
    • Not independently replicated
    • Molecular mechanism by which TAP1 activates TBK1 unknown
    • Whether this function requires TAP2 not determined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A high-resolution structure of the full-length TAP1–TAP2 heterodimer in complex with tapasin and MHC class I capturing multiple conformational states during the transport cycle remains unresolved, as does the precise mechanism by which TAP1 activates TBK1–IRF3 signaling independently of peptide transport.
  • No full transport-cycle structural snapshots of the human TAP1–TAP2–tapasin–MHC I complex
  • Mechanism of TAP1-mediated TBK1 activation uncharacterized
  • Relative contributions of transcriptional vs post-transcriptional TAP1 silencing in tumor immune evasion in vivo not quantified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 4 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 4
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 3
Partners
B2MGLI1IRF1STAT1TAP2TAPBP
Complex memberships
MHC class I peptide-loading complexTAP1–TAP2 heterodimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 30 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 TAP1 is required for stable assembly and intracellular transport of MHC class I molecules; TAP1-deficient mice show severely reduced surface class I molecules and cannot present cytosolic antigens to class I-restricted cytotoxic T cells. Gene knockout (embryonic stem cell technology) with functional assays for antigen presentation and surface MHC class I expression Cell High 1473153
1993 TAP1 is part of an ATP-dependent, sequence-specific peptide translocator; peptide translocation in vitro requires TAP1 and is both ATP-dependent and peptide selective. Cell-free in vitro peptide translocation assay using TAP1-deficient cell membranes Cell High 8348620
1994 Both TAP1 and TAP2 subunits contribute to the peptide-recognition site (both are photolabeled by photopeptide analogues), but MHC class I/β2-microglobulin dimers associate specifically with TAP1 but not TAP2, indicating the MHC class I interaction site resides on TAP1. Efficient peptide binding requires coexpression of both TAP1 and TAP2, supporting heterodimeric function. Photoaffinity labeling of TAP subunits, co-immunoprecipitation of MHC class I with individual TAP subunits in transfectant cell lines Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7809108
1994 Introduction of the rat TAP1 gene alone into TAP1/TAP2-deficient CMT.64 cells restores CTL recognition of virus-infected cells, indicating that a TAP1 homodimer can partially translocate peptides into the ER. Gene transfection of TAP1 into antigen-processing deficient cell lines followed by CTL cytotoxicity assay The Journal of experimental medicine Medium 7931074
1995 TAP1 and LMP2 are divergently transcribed from a shared bidirectional promoter (~593 bp); an NF-κB element proximal to the TAP1 gene is required for TNF-α induction of both TAP1 and LMP2, and an adjacent GC box (binding Sp1) is required for basal expression of both genes. Bidirectional reporter assays, site-specific mutagenesis, in vivo genomic footprinting, in vitro binding studies (EMSA) The Journal of experimental medicine High 7699330
1996 IFN-γ induction of TAP1 and LMP2 is mediated by IRF-1 binding to an IRF-E element in the shared bidirectional promoter; TAP1 and LMP2 expression are both greatly reduced in IRF-1-deficient mice, which also show reduced surface MHC class I and CD8+ T cells. In vivo footprinting, gel shift analysis (EMSA), gene knockout mice (IRF-1-/-) with functional readouts Immunity High 8885869
1996 IFN-γ induces TAP1 more rapidly than HLA class I by activating the TAP1 promoter via a GAS element bound by STAT1α (activated faster than IRF-1); the GAS element is necessary and sufficient for rapid IFN-γ response of TAP1. Promoter-reporter transfection assays, GAS element mutagenesis, kinetic analysis of STAT1α vs. IRF-1 activation Journal of immunology High 8617938
1996 A functionally defective TAP1 allele (R659Q near the ATP-binding site) in a human small cell lung cancer cell line results in defective peptide transport and loss of MHC class I antigen presentation, restored by transfection of functional TAP1. Sequencing of TAP1 alleles, peptide binding assays, antigen presentation assays, gene transfection rescue Nature genetics High 8640228
1997 EBV-encoded vIL-10 (and human IL-10) specifically downregulates expression of TAP1 and LMP2 (but not TAP2 or LMP7) in B lymphocytes, impairing peptide transport into the ER and reducing surface MHC class I expression. Gene expression analysis, TAP-specific peptide transporter assay, surface MHC class I measurement Blood High 9310490
1997 TAP1 membrane topology consists of eight transmembrane segments (based on E. coli expression of TAP1-β-lactamase fusions), with the N and C termini (including the nucleotide-binding domain) in the cytoplasm and several large loops exposed in the ER lumen. Reporter fusion (β-lactamase) topology mapping in E. coli The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9111005
1998 IFN-α/β and IFN-γ both regulate TAP1 through GAS and ISRE elements; the phosphatase SHP-1 (expressed at lower levels in endothelial cells than HeLa cells) regulates crossover signaling between IFN-α/β and IFN-γ pathways at the TAP1 promoter. Promoter-reporter assays, overexpression of dominant negative SHP-1, kinase/signaling analysis in endothelial cells vs. HeLa cells Circulation research Medium 9776728
1999 p53 directly induces TAP1 expression through a p53-responsive element in the TAP1 gene; p53-induced TAP1 enhances peptide transport and surface MHC class I-peptide complex expression, with cooperation between p53 and IFN-γ in activating the MHC class I pathway. Reporter assays with p53-responsive element, p53/p73 transfection, peptide transport assays, surface MHC class I measurement Oncogene High 10618714
1999 TAP1 deficiency in human patients causes unstable HLA class I molecules retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to HLA class I deficiency syndrome (bare lymphocyte syndrome type I) with lung and skin manifestations. Clinical patient analysis, protein biochemistry, HLA class I stability assays The Journal of clinical investigation High 10074495
2000 Walker A lysine mutations in the nucleotide-binding domains of TAP1 (K544M) and TAP2 (K509M) block peptide translocation but not peptide binding; nucleotide binding to TAP1 is not required for peptide binding, and both intact NBDs are needed for efficient peptide translocation. Site-directed mutagenesis, nucleotide binding assays, fluorescence quenching peptide binding assays, peptide translocation assays in insect cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 11099504
2001 The ABC ATPase domain of TAP1 (cTAP1) forms an L-shaped molecule with a RecA-like domain and a small α-helical domain; the ADP diphosphate group interacts with the P-loop; residues involved in γ-phosphate binding and hydrolysis show flexibility in the ADP-bound state; TAP1 differs from TAP2 in the nucleotide-binding site, potentially explaining asymmetry during peptide transport. X-ray crystallography of the C-terminal ABC ATPase domain of TAP1 bound to ADP The EMBO journal High 11532960
2001 HPV type 11 E7 protein physically interacts with TAP1 (co-immunoprecipitation with calreticulin and TAP1; anti-TAP1 antibody co-precipitates E7) and inhibits ATP-dependent peptide transport in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ATP-dependent peptide transport assay with purified HPV11 E7 protein Clinical immunology High 11580231
2002 Tapasin interacts with the membrane-spanning domains (not the nucleotide-binding domains) of both TAP1 and TAP2; tapasin is not required for high-affinity peptide binding to TAP but enhances structural/thermal stability of TAP1·TAP2 complexes, explaining how tapasin increases TAP protein expression levels. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain-swapped chimeras, truncated TAP constructs, thermostability assays in insect cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 12213826
2003 A single-nucleotide deletion at position +1489 of TAP1 in a melanoma cell line causes rapid degradation of TAP1 mRNA (>2-fold decrease in half-life) via a non-NMD pathway, leading to loss of TAP1 expression and MHC class I downregulation despite active TAP1 transcription. Tet-Off inducible expression system to measure mRNA half-life, cycloheximide chase, sequencing The Journal of biological chemistry High 12582163
2004 IFN-γ induction of murine Tap-1 and Lmp-2 in macrophages requires both STAT1 (binding the proximal GAS box rapidly) and IRF-1 (binding the IRF-1 box after ≥2h); in STAT1 knockout macrophages, IFN-γ fails to induce Tap-1 or Lmp-2. Promoter deletion analysis, EMSA with nuclear extracts, gene knockout mice (STAT1-/-), IFN-γ stimulation assays Genes and immunity High 14735146
2006 TAP1 contains ten transmembrane segments within an assembled functional peptide-loading complex, placing both N and C termini in the cytosol; the TM domain consists of a core of six TMs (conserved among ABC transporters) plus a unique N-terminal domain of four TMs essential for tapasin binding and peptide-loading complex assembly. Cysteine-scanning mutagenesis with membrane-impermeable thiol-specific fluorophores in semi-permeabilized living cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 16407277
2006 TAP biogenesis requires assembly of pre-existing TAP1 with newly synthesized TAP2 (not vice versa); the pore-forming core transmembrane domain of TAP2 is necessary and sufficient for assembly with pre-existing TAP1; TAP2 is rapidly degraded when expressed alone but is stabilized upon heterodimerization with TAP1. In vitro expression system, pulse-chase analysis, domain truncation of TAP2, functional transport assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 16624807
2006 The catalytic site of TAP1 contains non-consensus residues (Asp668 in Walker B, Gln701 in switch region) that attenuate ATPase activity at the TAP1 nucleotide-binding site; the TAP2 site (with Glu632 and His661) is the primary catalytically active site driving peptide transport. Site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic site residues, peptide translocation assays, MHC class I surface expression assays in insect cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 17068338
2007 The C terminus of TAP1 (last five residues) modulates TAP function as part of the dimer interface of the nucleotide-binding domains; antibody binding to this region arrests TAP in a peptide transport-incompetent conformation while ATP and peptide binding to TAP remain unaffected. Recombinant antibody (Fv and Fab) generation, epitope mapping by solid-supported peptide arrays, surface plasmon resonance, peptide transport assays Journal of molecular biology Medium 17418234
2007 TAP1 indirectly regulates CD4+ T cell priming during Toxoplasma gondii infection by controlling NK cell IFN-γ production; adoptive transfer of IFN-γ-competent NK cells into TAP1-/- mice restores CD4+ T cell IFN-γ responses, placing TAP1 upstream of NK cell licensing in innate immune signaling. TAP1-/- mouse infection model, NK cell depletion, adoptive transfer of IFN-γ+/+ vs. IFN-γ-/- NK cells, flow cytometry The Journal of experimental medicine High 17923502
2011 Low basal TAP1 expression in SCCHN cells is primarily regulated by deficient STAT1 phosphorylation (pSTAT1); STAT1 knockdown reduces IFN-γ-mediated TAP1 expression and CTL recognition; pSTAT3 does not interfere with IFN-γ-induced STAT1 binding to the TAP1 promoter or TAP1 expression. STAT1 knockdown/overexpression, IFN-γ stimulation, CTL recognition assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (STAT1 binding to TAP1 promoter) Cancer immunology, immunotherapy Medium 21207025
2013 TAP1 (ABCB2) is a downstream transcriptional target of SHH/GLI1/2 hedgehog signaling; GLI1/2 binds to the TAP1 promoter, and TAP1 mediates hedgehog-induced drug resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. ChIP and promoter binding assays (GLI-binding site validation), RNAi knockdown of GLI1 and TAP1, in vitro and in vivo tumor drug sensitivity assays Cancer letters Medium 23340176
2018 Naturally occurring TAP1 polymorphic variants have no or limited effect on peptide transport or MHC class I expression, and herpesvirus-encoded TAP inhibitors (HCMV US6, HSV-1 ICP47, EBV BNLF2a) inhibit a broad spectrum of TAP variants without allele-specific resistance. Peptide transport assays, MHC class I surface expression assays across TAP1/TAP2 variant-expressing cells, viral TAP inhibitor inhibition assays Molecular immunology Medium 29879547
2020 miR-200a-5p directly targets the 3'-UTR of TAP1, reducing TAP1 protein levels and HLA class I surface expression in melanoma cells, leading to enhanced NK cell sensitivity; miR-200a-5p expression is inversely correlated with TAP1 protein in melanoma cell lines and primary lesions. Luciferase reporter assay (miR binding to TAP1 3'-UTR), miR overexpression/inhibitor experiments, surface HLA-I measurement, NK cell killing assay Oncoimmunology High 32923135
2020 Hedgehog transcription factor GLI1/2 directly binds to the TAP1 promoter and transcriptionally controls TAP1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, mediating drug resistance to sorafenib, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. ChIP/promoter binding assays (GLI-binding site in TAP1 promoter), RNAi of GLI1 and TAP1, drug sensitivity assays in vitro and in vivo Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 32108992
2021 TAP1 promotes IFN-β production by activating TBK1 and IRF3 signaling, conferring broad antiviral activity against multiple viruses (HSV-1, AdV, VSV, DENV, ZIKV, influenza) independent of its antigen presentation function. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, IFN-β reporter assays, TBK1/IRF3 activation assays, viral infection assays International journal of molecular sciences Medium 33925089

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 TAP1 mutant mice are deficient in antigen presentation, surface class I molecules, and CD4-8+ T cells. Cell 622 1473153
1993 TAP1-dependent peptide translocation in vitro is ATP dependent and peptide selective. Cell 329 8348620
1994 Loss of transporter protein, encoded by the TAP-1 gene, is highly correlated with loss of HLA expression in cervical carcinomas. The Journal of experimental medicine 295 8270878
1999 Susceptibility of mice deficient in CD1D or TAP1 to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of experimental medicine 276 10377193
2001 Structure of the ABC ATPase domain of human TAP1, the transporter associated with antigen processing. The EMBO journal 234 11532960
1996 Tumor escape from immune recognition: lethal recurrent melanoma in a patient associated with downregulation of the peptide transporter protein TAP-1 and loss of expression of the immunodominant MART-1/Melan-A antigen. The Journal of clinical investigation 227 8833913
1993 Alleles and haplotypes of the MHC-encoded ABC transporters TAP1 and TAP2. Immunogenetics 227 8428770
1995 Coordinate regulation of the human TAP1 and LMP2 genes from a shared bidirectional promoter. The Journal of experimental medicine 208 7699330
1996 Loss of antigen-presenting molecules (MHC class I and TAP-1) in lung cancer. British journal of cancer 164 8546899
1996 A functionally defective allele of TAP1 results in loss of MHC class I antigen presentation in a human lung cancer. Nature genetics 164 8640228
1997 Downregulation of TAP1 in B lymphocytes by cellular and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded interleukin-10. Blood 158 9310490
1994 Characteristics of peptide and major histocompatibility complex class I/beta 2-microglobulin binding to the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 152 7809108
1995 Frequency of down-regulation of individual HLA-A and -B alleles in cervical carcinomas in relation to TAP-1 expression. British journal of cancer 150 7640226
1998 HLA class I antigen and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) down-regulation in high-grade primary breast carcinoma lesions. Cancer research 144 9485029
2000 Transcriptional regulation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain, TAP1 and LMP2 genes by the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6b, 16 and 18 E7 oncoproteins. Oncogene 127 11039910
1994 Differences in MHC and TAP-1 expression in cervical cancer lymph node metastases as compared with the primary tumours. British journal of cancer 125 8198988
1996 Regulation of LMP2 and TAP1 genes by IRF-1 explains the paucity of CD8+ T cells in IRF-1-/- mice. Immunity 123 8885869
1999 p53 induces TAP1 and enhances the transport of MHC class I peptides. Oncogene 101 10618714
1999 HLA class I deficiencies due to mutations in subunit 1 of the peptide transporter TAP1. The Journal of clinical investigation 97 10074495
1996 Kinetically coordinated induction of TAP1 and HLA class I by IFN-gamma: the rapid induction of TAP1 by IFN-gamma is mediated by Stat1 alpha. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 91 8617938
2011 Deficiency of activated STAT1 in head and neck cancer cells mediates TAP1-dependent escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 89 21207025
1994 Comparison of cell lines deficient in antigen presentation reveals a functional role for TAP-1 alone in antigen processing. The Journal of experimental medicine 82 7931074
1994 Altered natural killer cell repertoire in Tap-1 mutant mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 81 8022815
2005 PSF1 is essential for early embryogenesis in mice. Molecular and cellular biology 75 16287864
2000 Walker A lysine mutations of TAP1 and TAP2 interfere with peptide translocation but not peptide binding. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 11099504
1997 IFN-gamma-mediated coordinated transcriptional regulation of the human TAP-1 and LMP-2 genes in human renal cell carcinoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 62 9815722
2004 Regulation of murine Tap1 and Lmp2 genes in macrophages by interferon gamma is mediated by STAT1 and IRF-1. Genes and immunity 61 14735146
1994 Positive selection of self- and alloreactive CD8+ T cells in Tap-1 mutant mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 61 8022816
2010 PSF1, a DNA replication factor expressed widely in stem and progenitor cells, drives tumorigenic and metastatic properties. Cancer research 59 20103637
2001 Interaction of human papillomavirus type 11 E7 protein with TAP-1 results in the reduction of ATP-dependent peptide transport. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 58 11580231
1999 Tolerance of NK and LAK activity for HLA class I-deficient targets in a TAP1-deficient patient (bare lymphocyte syndrome type I). Human immunology 56 9952025
1996 Peptide transporter (TAP-1 and TAP-2)-independent endogenous processing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2A: implications for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte control of EBV-associated malignancies. Journal of virology 56 8764046
2007 TAP-1 indirectly regulates CD4+ T cell priming in Toxoplasma gondii infection by controlling NK cell IFN-gamma production. The Journal of experimental medicine 55 17923502
1996 Development of CD8 alpha alpha+ intestinal intraepithelial T cells in beta 2-microglobulin- and/or TAP1-deficient mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 55 8609387
1999 Analysis of MHC encoded antigen-processing genes TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphisms in sarcoidosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 52 10471632
1987 Nerve terminal anchorage protein 1 (TAP-1) is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan: biochemical and electron microscopic characterization. The Journal of cell biology 52 3693407
2018 Epigenetic Silencing of TAP1 in Aldefluor+ Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributes to Their Enhanced Immune Evasion. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 51 29341428
1999 Insertional inactivation of Treponema denticola tap1 results in a nonmotile mutant with elongated flagellar hooks. Journal of bacteriology 51 10368149
2005 Mouse endothelial cells cross-present lymphocyte-derived antigen on class I MHC via a TAP1- and proteasome-dependent pathway. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 47 15944272
1993 Induction of a tomato anionic peroxidase gene (tap1) by wounding in transgenic tobacco and activation of tap1/GUS and tap2/GUS chimeric gene fusions in transgenic tobacco by wounding and pathogen attack. Plant molecular biology 47 7678769
2006 Analysis of IL1B, TAP1, TAP2 and IKBL polymorphisms on susceptibility to tuberculosis. Tissue antigens 46 16634865
2000 Altered expression of TAP-1 and major histocompatibility complex class I in laryngeal papillomatosis: correlation of TAP-1 with disease. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 46 10618282
2009 Neonatal infection with neurotropic influenza A virus induces the kynurenine pathway in early life and disrupts sensorimotor gating in adult Tap1-/- mice. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 45 19607757
1991 Molecular characterization of two stamen-specific genes, tap1 and fil1, that are expressed in the wild type, but not in the deficiens mutant of Antirrhinum majus. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 45 1680216
2010 Up-regulation of PSF1 promotes the growth of breast cancer cells. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 43 20825491
2002 Tapasin interacts with the membrane-spanning domains of both TAP subunits and enhances the structural stability of TAP1 x TAP2 Complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 12213826
2013 ABCB2 (TAP1) as the downstream target of SHH signaling enhances pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma drug resistance. Cancer letters 42 23340176
2003 A single-nucleotide deletion leads to rapid degradation of TAP-1 mRNA in a melanoma cell line. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 12582163
2009 Maturation pathways of dendritic cells determine TAP1 and TAP2 levels and cross-presenting function. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 41 19609238
2006 Membrane topology of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1) within an assembled functional peptide-loading complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 41 16407277
1997 Polymorphisms of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in Graves' disease. Tissue antigens 41 9027960
1996 TAP1-deficient mice select a CD8+ T cell repertoire that displays both diversity and peptide specificity. European journal of immunology 40 8617293
1994 Resistance to natural killer cell lysis conferred by TAP1/2 genes in human antigen-processing mutant cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 40 8120379
2017 Downregulation of TAP1 and TAP2 in early stage breast cancer. PloS one 39 29091951
2002 Interactions formed by individually expressed TAP1 and TAP2 polypeptide subunits. Immunology 38 12047747
2018 The influence of TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphisms on TAP function and its inhibition by viral immune evasion proteins. Molecular immunology 37 29879547
2000 Synergistic induction of the Tap-1 gene by IFN-gamma and lipopolysaccharide in macrophages is regulated by STAT1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 37 10975834
1995 Differential reactivity of residual CD8+ T lymphocytes in TAP1 and beta 2-microglobulin mutant mice. European journal of immunology 37 7843229
1997 Spread of measles virus through axonal pathways into limbic structures in the brain of TAP1 -/- mice. Journal of medical virology 36 9260681
2020 Hedgehog signalling mediates drug resistance through targeting TAP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 35 32108992
2010 Down-regulation of HLA class I antigen in human papillomavirus type 16 E7 expressing HaCaT cells: correlate with TAP-1 expression. International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 35 20134267
2020 Identification of miR-200a-5p targeting the peptide transporter TAP1 and its association with the clinical outcome of melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 34 32923135
2008 Both alleles of PSF1 are required for maintenance of pool size of immature hematopoietic cells and acute bone marrow regeneration. Blood 34 18984863
2006 The mutation in the ATP-binding region of JAK1, identified in human uterine leiomyosarcomas, results in defective interferon-gamma inducibility of TAP1 and LMP2. Oncogene 33 16474838
2006 Biogenesis of functional antigenic peptide transporter TAP requires assembly of pre-existing TAP1 with newly synthesized TAP2. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 16624807
2004 Role of TAP-1 and/or TAP-2 antigen presentation defects in tumorigenicity of mouse melanoma. Cellular immunology 31 15219464
1998 Interferon induction of TAP1: the phosphatase SHP-1 regulates crossover between the IFN-alpha/beta and the IFN-gamma signal-transduction pathways. Circulation research 31 9776728
2014 Knockdown of PSF1 expression inhibits cell proliferation in lung cancer cells in vitro. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 30 25398693
1999 Processing of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein for class I-restricted recognition: dependence on TAP1/2 and mechanisms for cytosolic localization. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 29 9973386
1997 Polymorphism in transporter antigen peptides gene (TAP1) associated with atopy in Tunisians. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 29 9042048
1993 Polymorphism in the mouse Tap-1 gene. Association with abnormal CD8+ T cell development in the nonobese nondiabetic mouse. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 28 8228229
2013 Association of TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphisms with hematological malignancies. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 27 24175803
2006 Catalytic site modifications of TAP1 and TAP2 and their functional consequences. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 17068338
1998 Porcine steroidogenic factor-1 gene (pSF-1) expression and analysis of embryonic pig gonads during sexual differentiation. Endocrinology 26 9724033
1993 TAP1, a yeast gene that activates the expression of a tRNA gene with a defective internal promoter. Molecular and cellular biology 26 8497259
2017 IRG1 increases MHC class I level in macrophages through STAT-TAP1 axis depending on NADPH oxidase mediated reactive oxygen species. International immunopharmacology 25 28477473
2017 A case-control study on association of proteasome subunit beta 8 (PSMB8) and transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) polymorphisms and their transcript levels in vitiligo from Gujarat. PloS one 25 28700671
1994 Analysis of HLA-class-II-encoded antigen-processing genes TAP1 and TAP2 in primary biliary cirrhosis. The Quarterly journal of medicine 25 8208914
2002 TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis in a population in eastern France. European journal of immunogenetics : official journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics 24 12047361
1997 The MHC-encoded TAP1/LMP2 bidirectional promoter is down-regulated in highly oncogenic adenovirus type 12 transformed cells. FEBS letters 24 9001385
1995 Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells. Human gene therapy 24 7578413
2020 Identification of microRNAs Targeting the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing TAP1 in Melanoma. Journal of clinical medicine 23 32825219
2003 Association of TAP1 downregulation in human primary melanoma lesions with lack of spontaneous regression. Melanoma research 23 12777979
2008 Activation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by beta 2-microglobulin or TAP1 gene disruption and the introduction of recipient-matched MHC class I gene in allogeneic embryonic stem cell-derived dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 22 18941254
2001 Systemic deficits in transporter for antigen presentation (TAP)-1 or proteasome subunit LMP2 have little or no effect on tumor incidence. International journal of cancer 22 11169961
1998 Genomic organization of six tomato polygalacturonases and 5' upstream sequence identity with tap1 and win2 genes. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 22 9669329
2015 Heterozygote of TAP1 Codon637 decreases susceptibility to HPV infection but increases susceptibility to esophageal cancer among the Kazakh populations. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 21 26205887
2011 Isolation, identification and characterization of a novel triazophos-degrading Bacillus sp. (TAP-1). Microbiological research 21 22104481
2016 Association of TAP1 and TAP2 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology 20 26996113
2001 Reduced expression of TAP-1 and TAP-2 in posterior uveal melanoma is associated with progression to metastatic disease. Melanoma research 20 11468516
1994 Enhanced expression of HLA-A,B,C and inducibility of TAP-1, TAP-2, and HLA-A,B,C by interferon-gamma in a multidrug-resistant small cell lung cancer line. Lymphokine and cytokine research 20 8061113
1997 Membrane topology of the ATP-binding cassette transporter associated with antigen presentation (Tap1) expressed in Escherichia coli. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 9111005
1994 Susceptibility to alloimmunization to platelet HPA-1a antigen involves TAP1 polymorphism. Human immunology 19 7860359
2021 Broadly Antiviral Activities of TAP1 through Activating the TBK1-IRF3-Mediated Type I Interferon Production. International journal of molecular sciences 18 33925089
2012 Fruit-specific overexpression of wound-induced tap1 under E8 promoter in tomato confers resistance to fungal pathogens at ripening stage. Physiologia plantarum 18 22462603
2003 Functional cysteine-less subunits of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) by de novo gene assembly. FEBS letters 18 12505156
2000 Polymorphisms in inflammation genes (angiotensinogen, TAP1 and TNF-beta) in psoriasis. Archives of dermatological research 18 11194890
2007 Modulation of the antigenic peptide transporter TAP by recombinant antibodies binding to the last five residues of TAP1. Journal of molecular biology 17 17418234
1999 Cell surface expression of HLA-E molecules on PBMC from a TAP1-deficient patient. Tissue antigens 17 10203023
1996 Biosynthesis of major histocompatibility complex molecules and generation of T cells in Ii TAP1 double-mutant mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 17 8643655