Affinage

TAP2

Antigen peptide transporter 2 · UniProt Q03519

Length
686 aa
Mass
75.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TAP2 is an essential subunit of the heterodimeric ABC transporter TAP1/TAP2, which translocates antigenic peptides from the cytosol into the ER for loading onto MHC class I molecules and is required for efficient endogenous antigen presentation (PMID:7809108, PMID:8393798). TAP functions only as a heterodimer: both subunits contribute elements of the shared peptide-recognition site, and TAP2 is intrinsically unstable in isolation, requiring assembly of newly synthesized TAP2 with pre-existing TAP1 — a process directed by its core transmembrane domain — for stable expression (PMID:7809108, PMID:16624807). TAP2 is the primary determinant of C-terminal peptide selectivity, with its N-terminal region (residues 1–361) controlling transport of peptides bearing C-terminal charged residues and single point substitutions (e.g. 374A→D) drastically reshaping the transport pattern (PMID:8765016). Within the asymmetric nucleotide-binding architecture, the TAP2 catalytic site (Glu632 Walker B, His661 switch region) constitutes the main catalytically active site driving transport, whereas the degenerate TAP1 site contributes little, consistent with a one-main-active-site mechanism; nonetheless efficient translocation requires both NBDs to be functional (PMID:11099504, PMID:17068338). TAP2's N-terminal domain and transmembrane region provide the tapasin-docking site essential for recruiting accessory chaperones into the peptide-loading complex and for stable MHC class I–peptide assembly, and tapasin together with nucleotides stabilizes the peptide-binding site against thermal inactivation (PMID:12213826, PMID:16210614, PMID:16174096). TAP2 is transcriptionally induced by the EBV LMP-1/IRF-7 axis, with activated IRF-7A binding an ISRE element in the TAP2 promoter (PMID:11119603). Natural TAP2 polymorphisms and alternative splicing shape the loaded peptide repertoire, with downstream consequences for thymocyte selection (PMID:24586191, PMID:17192492).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 20 steps
  1. 1992 Medium

    Established that TAP2 is functionally required for surface loading of specific TAP-dependent peptides, linking the transporter to a defined antigen repertoire.

    Evidence Tap-2 gene transfection rescue of RMA-S cells with Qdm-dependent CTL killing readout

    PMID:1460275

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define which peptide features depend on TAP2 versus TAP1
    • No biochemical reconstitution of transport
  2. 1993 Medium

    Quantified the requirement for TAP2 in endogenous antigen presentation, showing it is needed for efficient (not absolute) MHC class I-restricted presentation.

    Evidence CTL killing assays in TAP2-defective RMA-S cells with TAP1/TAP2 transfection rescue

    PMID:8393798

    Open questions at the time
    • Residual presentation indicates a TAP-independent pathway not characterized
    • Single virus model
  3. 1994 High

    Resolved that the peptide-recognition site is composed of elements from both subunits and that TAP must function as a heterodimer, clarifying subunit roles in substrate binding.

    Evidence Photoaffinity labeling, co-expression studies, and translocation assays in transfectant cell lines

    PMID:7809108

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve residue-level contacts of each subunit
    • Relative contribution of each subunit to specificity not quantified
  4. 1994 Medium

    Extended the TAP2 requirement to class Ib molecules, showing Qa-2 stability depends on TAP2-mediated peptide loading.

    Evidence Temperature-shift stability and peptide-loading assays in TAP2-defective RMA-S cells

    PMID:8189046

    Open questions at the time
    • Nature of the minor TAP-independent loading pathway unresolved
    • Single class Ib molecule type
  5. 1995 Medium

    Demonstrated heterogeneity in TAP2 dependence among class Ib molecules, with TL reaching the surface without functional TAP2.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation and surface expression of TL in RMA versus RMA-S cells

    PMID:7737270

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of TAP2-independent TL surface delivery not defined
    • Functional consequence of heavy-chain cleavage unclear
  6. 1996 High

    Localized C-terminal peptide selectivity primarily to TAP2 and to single residues in its N-terminal region, defining the structural basis of substrate discrimination.

    Evidence Interspecies TAP hybrids and point mutagenesis of hTAP2 with peptide transport assays in insect and T2 cells

    PMID:8765016

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural mechanism by which residue 374 alters specificity not resolved
    • Did not map full set of selectivity-determining residues
  7. 1997 Medium

    Showed MHC class I can associate with TAP2 (with calreticulin and tapasin), establishing that the loading complex contact is not exclusive to TAP1.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation from T2 cells transfected with individual rat TAP subunits

    PMID:9368636

    Open questions at the time
    • Single Co-IP approach without reciprocal validation
    • Physiological relevance of TAP2-alone association unclear
  8. 2000 High

    Distinguished the functional roles of the two NBDs, showing both must be functional for efficient translocation but with asymmetric behavior between TAP1 and TAP2 Walker A sites.

    Evidence Walker A mutagenesis with nucleotide-binding, peptide-binding, and translocation assays in insect cells

    PMID:11099504

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise ordering of NBD events in a cycle not defined
    • Did not assign catalytic versus regulatory roles definitively
  9. 2002 High

    Mapped the tapasin interaction to the membrane-spanning regions of both subunits and defined tapasin's role in thermal stabilization rather than peptide affinity.

    Evidence Tapasin co-expression with TAP truncation/chimera constructs, thermal stability and peptide binding assays in insect cells

    PMID:12213826

    Open questions at the time
    • Residue-level tapasin contacts on TAP2 not yet defined
    • Did not address PLC chaperone recruitment
  10. 2002 Medium

    Revealed that TAP2, unlike TAP1, can homodimerize and individually engage multiple MHC class I alleles, indicating subunit-specific assembly properties.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation and chemical cross-linking of individually expressed subunits in T2 cells

    PMID:12047747

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional relevance of TAP2 homodimers in vivo unknown
    • Single lab, single approach
  11. 2005 High

    Identified the TAP2 N-terminal domain as critical for PLC integrity and chaperone recruitment, separating this role from core transport.

    Evidence N-terminal truncation variants with co-IP of PLC components and MHC class I surface/peptide-loading assays

    PMID:16174096 PMID:16210614

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of all recruited accessory chaperones not fully enumerated
    • Structural basis of N-terminal docking not resolved
  12. 2006 High

    Defined the TAP2 catalytic site (Glu632, His661) as the main catalytically active site driving transport, establishing an asymmetric one-main-active-site mechanism.

    Evidence Systematic catalytic-residue mutagenesis of both subunits with translocation and MHC class I surface assays

    PMID:17068338

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural transition states not resolved
    • Role of degenerate TAP1 site beyond minor contribution unclear
  13. 2006 High

    Established that TAP2 biogenesis requires heterodimerization with pre-existing TAP1, with the core transmembrane domain sufficient for assembly.

    Evidence Stability/pulse-chase and domain-truncation constructs with functional transport assays

    PMID:16624807

    Open questions at the time
    • Chaperones governing the ordered assembly not identified
    • Folding intermediates not characterized
  14. 2001 High

    Defined transcriptional control of TAP2 via the EBV LMP-1/IRF-7 axis acting on a promoter ISRE element.

    Evidence TAP2 promoter reporter assays, ChIP, EMSA, and IRF-7 complementation in lymphoma cell lines

    PMID:11119603

    Open questions at the time
    • Other physiological transcriptional regulators of TAP2 not addressed
    • In vivo relevance during EBV infection not tested
  15. 2007 High

    Showed tapasin TMD and ER-luminal residues stabilize TAP2 protein, linking tapasin docking to subunit stability and MHC class I expression.

    Evidence Systematic tapasin TMD/CP mutagenesis in tapasin-deficient cells with TAP2 Western blot and MHC class I surface assays

    PMID:17244610

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of stabilization (folding versus degradation protection) not resolved
  16. 2007 Medium

    Linked TAP2 coding SNPs to differential isoform splicing with distinct peptide selectivities, providing a mechanism for polymorphism-driven repertoire variation.

    Evidence Allele-specific isoform quantification in heterozygous lymphoblastoid cells and TDT in type 1 diabetes families

    PMID:17192492

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct functional consequence on peptide loading not measured
    • Disease association correlative
  17. 2009 Medium

    Demonstrated in vivo that TAP2 stabilizes TAP1 protein and is required for normal MHC class I expression and CD8+ T cell numbers.

    Evidence ENU mutant mouse (Thr293Pro) with mRNA/protein analysis and flow cytometry

    PMID:19721454

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of reciprocal TAP1 stabilization not defined
    • Single point lesion
  18. 2003 Medium

    Showed all cysteine residues are dispensable for core TAP transport function and viral inhibitor sensitivity.

    Evidence Cysteine-less TAP1/TAP2 de novo synthesis with transport, ICP47 inhibition, and MHC class I assays

    PMID:12505156

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab, single study
    • Subtle effects on stability or kinetics not excluded
  19. 2014 Medium

    Connected TAP2 polymorphism to the loaded peptide repertoire and downstream thymocyte negative selection and lineage commitment.

    Evidence QTL mapping and MHC-recombinant congenic rat panel with thymocyte flow cytometry and epistasis analysis

    PMID:24586191

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific peptides driving altered selection not identified
    • Rat-specific allelic context
  20. 2018 Medium

    Established that natural TAP2 polymorphisms have limited functional impact and that viral inhibitors target TAP in a polymorphism-independent manner.

    Evidence Peptide transport and MHC class I assays across TAP1/TAP2 variant combinations with viral inhibitor testing

    PMID:29879547

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address rare or disease-associated variants in depth
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the asymmetric NBD cycle is coupled mechanically to peptide translocation across the membrane, and the structural basis of TAP2 C-terminal selectivity, remain unresolved.
  • No structural model of the translocation cycle in the timeline
  • Residue-level selectivity determinants beyond residue 374 not mapped
  • Full PLC architecture around TAP2 not resolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 4 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 2 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 2
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 3
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 3
Partners
CALRETICULINIRF-7MHC CLASS I HEAVY CHAINTAP1TAPASIN
Complex memberships
MHC class I peptide-loading complex (PLC)TAP1/TAP2 transporter

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 Both TAP1 and TAP2 subunits are photolabeled by peptide photoprobes, indicating that elements of both subunits compose the peptide-recognition site. Efficient formation of the peptide-binding site requires coexpression of TAP1 and TAP2, supporting the notion that TAP functions as a heterodimer. MHC class I/beta2m dimers associate with TAP1 but are not detectable with TAP2 alone, suggesting that the TAP1 chain is the primary site of MHC class I/beta2m interaction. TAP photoaffinity labeling with photopeptide analogues; transfectant cell lines expressing TAP1 and TAP2 individually and together; peptide translocation assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7809108
1996 Peptide transport specificity with regard to the C-terminal amino acid of transported peptides is mainly determined by TAP2. The N-terminal region (residues 1–361) of TAP2 critically controls selective transport of peptides with C-terminal positively charged residues. A single point mutation in human TAP2 (374A→D) drastically alters the transport pattern, demonstrating that single residues in TAP2 control peptide selectivity. Interspecies TAP hybrid construction; point mutagenesis of hTAP2; expression in Sf9 insect cells and TAP-deficient T2 cells; peptide transport assays with 20 C-terminal variants European journal of immunology High 8765016
2000 Walker A lysine mutation in TAP2 (K509M) does not significantly impair nucleotide binding relative to wild-type TAP2, unlike the equivalent TAP1 mutation. TAP1·TAP2(K509M) complexes show undetectable peptide translocation, while TAP1(K544M)·TAP2 complexes retain low-level translocation, indicating that both NBDs must be functional for efficient peptide translocation and suggesting distinct roles for TAP1 and TAP2 NBDs in a single translocation cycle. Site-directed mutagenesis of Walker A motifs; expression in insect cells; nucleotide binding assays; fluorescence quenching peptide binding assays; peptide translocation assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 11099504
2002 Tapasin binds to both TAP1 and TAP2 via their membrane-spanning regions; interactions with the nucleotide binding domain alone are not observed. Tapasin is not required for high-affinity peptide binding to TAP1·TAP2 complexes and slightly reduces peptide-binding affinity. However, tapasin and nucleotides together stabilize the peptide-binding site against inactivation at near-physiological temperatures, enhancing structural stability of both TAP subunits. Tapasin co-expression with TAP variants in insect cells; truncation and chimera constructs; thermal stability assays; peptide binding assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 12213826
2006 TAP2 catalytic site residues Glu632 (Walker B) and His661 (switch region) are critical for peptide translocation and MHC class I surface expression. Alterations at these residues significantly reduced TAP activity, whereas equivalent mutations in the degenerate TAP1 catalytic site (Asp668, Gln701) had only small effects. The TAP2 nucleotide-binding site (second site) is therefore the main catalytically active site driving peptide transport, consistent with an asymmetric one-main-active-site mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic residues in TAP1 and TAP2; expression in TAP-deficient cells; peptide translocation assays; MHC class I surface expression assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 17068338
2005 Truncation of the N-terminal domain of TAP2 (but not TAP1) produces peptide-loading complexes that fail to generate stable MHC class I–peptide complexes, correlating with substantially reduced recruitment of accessory chaperones into the PLC. This identifies the tapasin-docking site on TAP2 as critical for the functional integrity of the MHC class I peptide-loading complex. Expression of N-terminally truncated TAP variants; co-immunoprecipitation of PLC components; MHC class I surface expression assays; functional peptide-loading assays Journal of immunology High 16210614
2005 N-terminal domains of both TAP1 and TAP2 (defined by proteolytic cleavage sites at residues 131 of TAP1 and 88 of TAP2) are dispensable for peptide and nucleotide binding and support peptide translocation (albeit with reduced efficiency), but are required for tapasin binding and for the tapasin-mediated enhancement of MHC class I peptide loading. Expression and purification of human TAP1/TAP2 complexes from insect cells; limited proteolysis; N-terminal truncation variants; peptide binding and translocation assays; insect cell-based reconstitution of MHC class I loading pathway; tapasin binding assays Immunology and cell biology High 16174096
2006 TAP2 is highly unstable when expressed in isolation and requires heterodimerization with TAP1 for stable expression. Functional TAP biogenesis requires assembly of pre-existing TAP1 with newly synthesized TAP2 (but not vice versa). The core transmembrane domain of TAP2 is necessary and sufficient for functional complex formation with pre-existing TAP1. In vitro expression system; pulse-chase/stability assays; domain truncation and chimera constructs; functional peptide transport assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 16624807
2007 Multiple residues in the transmembrane domain (TMD) and ER-luminal connecting peptide (CP) of tapasin are required to stabilize the TAP2 subunit. A conserved Lys in the center of the tapasin TMD plus four predicted helix-face neighbors must be mutated together to abolish TAP2 stabilization. A highly conserved Glu in the ER-luminal CP also strongly contributes to TAP2 stabilization. Loss of TAP2 stabilization impairs MHC class I surface expression. Mutational analysis of tapasin TMD and CP; transfection of tapasin-deficient cells; Western blot quantification of TAP2 protein levels; MHC class I surface expression assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 17244610
2002 Individual TAP2 polypeptide subunits, when expressed alone, interact with multiple MHC class I alleles (HLA-A2, -B51, -A*2501, -B*2704, -B*3501, -B*4402) and can form peptide-loading complexes. TAP2, but not TAP1, has the ability to form homodimers both in whole cells and in detergent lysates, as demonstrated by chemical cross-linking. Immunoprecipitation of individually expressed TAP subunits in TAP-deficient T2 cells; recombinant vaccinia virus expression of HLA alleles; chemical cross-linking Immunology Medium 12047747
1997 MHC class I molecules interact with both TAP1 and TAP2 subunits. In TAP-deficient T2 cells expressing rat TAP2 alone, MHC class I molecules associate with TAP2, and this interaction also involves calreticulin and tapasin, indicating that the interaction of MHC class I with TAP is not exclusive to TAP1. Immunoprecipitation from TAP-deficient T2 cells transfected with individual rat TAP subunits European journal of immunology Medium 9368636
2001 EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) induces TAP2 expression via IRF-7 as a secondary mediator: LMP-1 stimulates IRF-7 expression, facilitates IRF-7 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and activated IRF-7 binds the TAP2 promoter ISRE element to activate TAP2 transcription. Only IRF-7A splice variant (not other isoforms) activates TAP2. TAP2 induction by LMP-1 requires an intact ISRE in the TAP2 promoter. Endogenous TAP2 induction assays in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines; ectopic IRF-7 expression; TAP2 promoter reporter assays; formaldehyde cross-linking ChIP; gel mobility shift assay; cell complementation experiments Journal of virology High 11119603
1993 In the murine TAP2-defective RMA-S cell line, antigen presentation of Sendai virus via MHC class I is possible but requires 2–3 h longer incubation and ~10× higher virus dose compared to wild-type cells. Transfection of murine TAP1/TAP2 genes into RMA-S cells fully restores Sendai virus antigen presentation, confirming that TAP2 is required for efficient endogenous antigen presentation. CTL killing assays with TAP2-defective RMA-S cells vs. parental RMA; TAP1/TAP2 gene transfection rescue; brefeldin A sensitivity assay European journal of immunology Medium 8393798
1994 Expression of class Ib Qa-2 molecules (both GPI-anchored and soluble forms) requires functional TAP2: in TAP2-defective RMA-S cells, Qa-2 molecules behave as empty heterodimers unstable at 37°C but stabilized at 26°C, similar to class Ia molecules. A minor population of heat-resistant Qa-2 in RMA-S suggests a secondary TAP-independent peptide loading pathway. Temperature-shift stability assays; peptide loading assays; immunoprecipitation from TAP2-defective RMA-S cells vs. wild-type Journal of immunology Medium 8189046
1995 TL (thymus-leukemia antigen), a class Ib MHC molecule, is expressed efficiently at the cell surface in the absence of functional TAP2 in RMA-S cells, unlike most MHC class I molecules. Surface TL in TAP2-deficient cells is associated with beta2m but heavy chains are cleaved to a ~38 kDa fragment, suggesting altered conformation when loaded without TAP2-dependent peptides. Expression of TL constructs in RMA and RMA-S cells; immunoprecipitation; SDS-PAGE; surface expression assays; temperature-shift assays European journal of immunology Medium 7737270
2003 Cysteine-less TAP1 and TAP2 subunits (all 19 cysteines replaced by de novo gene synthesis) are functional with respect to ATP-dependent peptide transport and inhibition by viral TAP inhibitor ICP47, and restore MHC class I maturation and trafficking, demonstrating that none of the cysteine residues in TAP1 or TAP2 are individually essential for core transport function. De novo gene synthesis of cysteine-less TAP1/TAP2; expression in TAP-deficient human fibroblasts; peptide transport assays; ICP47 inhibition assay; MHC class I surface expression assays FEBS letters Medium 12505156
2009 A point mutation in mouse TAP2 (Thr293Pro) causes severe reduction in TAP2 protein without affecting mRNA levels, and also decreases TAP1 protein levels, demonstrating a role for mouse TAP2 in stabilizing TAP1 protein expression. Mice with defective TAP2 show very low MHC class I surface expression and few CD8+ T cells. ENU mutagenesis screen; genotyping; mRNA and protein expression analysis (Western blot); flow cytometry for MHC class I and CD8+ T cells Immunology and cell biology Medium 19721454
2014 Natural polymorphisms in rat Tap2 influence the peptide repertoire loaded onto MHC class I molecules, which in turn affects negative selection and CD4:CD8 lineage commitment of thymocytes. A recombination between RT1-A (MHC class I) and Tap2 alleles revealed that the restricted peptide repertoire conferred by a Tap2 variant leads to reduced negative selection of CD8 single-positive thymocytes. QTL mapping in outbred Heterogeneous Stock rats; MHC-recombinant congenic strain panel; flow cytometry for thymocyte subsets and MHC expression; genetic epistasis analysis PLoS genetics Medium 24586191
2007 TAP2 coding SNP alleles influence differential splicing into two isoforms with alternative C-terminals that have distinct peptide selectivities. The G (Ala) allele at codon 665 is more than twice as abundant in isoform NM_000544, while isoform NM_018833 is derived almost exclusively from chromosomes carrying the A (Thr) allele, providing a plausible functional mechanism by which coding TAP2 polymorphisms may indirectly alter peptide selectivity. Allele-specific relative isoform quantification in heterozygous lymphoblastoid cell lines; transmission disequilibrium test in type 1 diabetes families Diabetes Medium 17192492
1992 Transfection of the Tap-2 gene into RMA-S (TAP2-defective) cells restores surface expression of QA-1b class Ib molecules and rescues recognition by Qdm-dependent (but not all Qdm-independent) anti-Qa-1 CTL, demonstrating that TAP2 is required for loading of specific peptides onto Qa-1b and that Qdm encodes a peptide whose surface expression depends on the TAP transporter. Tap-2 gene transfection into RMA-S cells; CTL killing assays with Qdm-dependent and independent clones Journal of immunology Medium 1460275
2018 Naturally occurring TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphisms have no or limited effect on peptide transport or MHC class I surface expression. Herpesvirus-encoded TAP inhibitors (US6, ICP47, BNLF2a) inhibit a broad spectrum of TAP1/TAP2 variant combinations, indicating that viral immune evasion targets TAP in a polymorphism-independent manner. Expression of TAP1/TAP2 variant combinations; peptide transport assays; MHC class I surface expression assays; inhibition by viral TAP inhibitors Molecular immunology Medium 29879547

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1993 Alleles and haplotypes of the MHC-encoded ABC transporters TAP1 and TAP2. Immunogenetics 227 8428770
2000 High resolution analysis of haplotype diversity and meiotic crossover in the human TAP2 recombination hotspot. Human molecular genetics 169 10749979
1994 Characteristics of peptide and major histocompatibility complex class I/beta 2-microglobulin binding to the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 152 7809108
1998 HLA class I antigen and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) down-regulation in high-grade primary breast carcinoma lesions. Cancer research 145 9485029
2003 Total loss of MHC class I in colorectal tumors can be explained by two molecular pathways: beta2-microglobulin inactivation in MSI-positive tumors and LMP7/TAP2 downregulation in MSI-negative tumors. Tissue antigens 127 12694570
1993 Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. European journal of immunology 102 8477801
1993 TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphism in coeliac disease. Immunogenetics 77 8344720
2005 LMP7/TAP2 gene polymorphisms and HPV infection in esophageal carcinoma patients from a high incidence area in China. Carcinogenesis 73 15774487
1996 A point mutation in the human transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP2) alters the peptide transport specificity. European journal of immunology 70 8765016
1997 Association of a new allele of the TAP2 gene, TAP2*Bky2 (Val577), with susceptibility to Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis and rheumatism 65 9324024
2000 Walker A lysine mutations of TAP1 and TAP2 interfere with peptide translocation but not peptide binding. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 11099504
2001 Interferon regulatory factor 7 mediates activation of Tap-2 by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1. Journal of virology 58 11119603
2005 Critical role for the tapasin-docking site of TAP2 in the functional integrity of the MHC class I-peptide-loading complex. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 54 16210614
2003 TAP1, TAP2, and HLA-DR2 alleles are predictors of cervical cancer risk. Gynecologic oncology 54 12648582
2002 Analysis of natural killer cells in TAP2-deficient patients: expression of functional triggering receptors and evidence for the existence of inhibitory receptor(s) that prevent lysis of normal autologous cells. Blood 54 11861289
1999 Analysis of MHC encoded antigen-processing genes TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphisms in sarcoidosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 53 10471632
2003 The mechanisms controlling NK cell autoreactivity in TAP2-deficient patients. Blood 52 14604968
2005 Identification of domain boundaries within the N-termini of TAP1 and TAP2 and their importance in tapasin binding and tapasin-mediated increase in peptide loading of MHC class I. Immunology and cell biology 51 16174096
1993 TAP2-defective RMA-S cells present Sendai virus antigen to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. European journal of immunology 48 8393798
1992 T cell recognition of QA-1b antigens on cells lacking a functional Tap-2 transporter. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 48 1460275
1993 Induction of a tomato anionic peroxidase gene (tap1) by wounding in transgenic tobacco and activation of tap1/GUS and tap2/GUS chimeric gene fusions in transgenic tobacco by wounding and pathogen attack. Plant molecular biology 47 7678769
2006 Analysis of IL1B, TAP1, TAP2 and IKBL polymorphisms on susceptibility to tuberculosis. Tissue antigens 46 16634865
1995 Association of HLA class I antigen deficiency related to a TAP2 gene mutation with familial bronchiectasis. The Journal of pediatrics 46 8523185
2002 Tapasin interacts with the membrane-spanning domains of both TAP subunits and enhances the structural stability of TAP1 x TAP2 Complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 12213826
2009 Maturation pathways of dendritic cells determine TAP1 and TAP2 levels and cross-presenting function. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 42 19609238
1995 Family study of linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 transporter and HLA class II genes. Absence of TAP2 contribution to association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Human immunology 42 8847232
1994 The distribution of Tap2 alleles among laboratory rat RT1 haplotypes. Immunogenetics 42 8206525
1997 Polymorphisms of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in Graves' disease. Tissue antigens 41 9027960
1995 TAP2 gene polymorphism contributes to genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Human immunology 41 7759306
2017 Downregulation of TAP1 and TAP2 in early stage breast cancer. PloS one 40 29091951
2016 Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Studies in Mid-secretory Phase Endometrial Cells Identifies HLA-F and TAP2 as Fecundability-Associated Genes. PLoS genetics 40 27447835
2004 The dominant MHC class I gene is adjacent to the polymorphic TAP2 gene in the duck, Anas platyrhynchos. Immunogenetics 40 15205935
2018 The influence of TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphisms on TAP function and its inhibition by viral immune evasion proteins. Molecular immunology 38 29879547
2002 Interactions formed by individually expressed TAP1 and TAP2 polypeptide subunits. Immunology 38 12047747
1997 Polymorphisms of the TAP2 gene may influence antibody response to live measles vaccine virus. Vaccine 37 9041658
1999 Involvement of transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (TAP2) gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology 36 10220507
1995 TAP2 association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is secondary to HLA-DQB1. Human immunology 35 7558930
1994 Polymorphisms in the TAP2 gene and their association with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 35 8162639
2007 Multiple residues in the transmembrane helix and connecting peptide of mouse tapasin stabilize the transporter associated with the antigen-processing TAP2 subunit. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 17244610
1994 Expression of secreted and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-bound Qa-2 molecules is dependent on functional TAP-2 peptide transporter. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 34 8189046
1998 Differential contribution of HLA-DR, DQ, and TAP2 alleles to systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility in Spanish patients: role of TAP2*01 alleles in Ro autoantibody production. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 33 9709177
2006 Biogenesis of functional antigenic peptide transporter TAP requires assembly of pre-existing TAP1 with newly synthesized TAP2. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 16624807
2004 Biological function of the soluble CEACAM1 protein and implications in TAP2-deficient patients. European journal of immunology 32 15259011
1997 Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules interact with both subunits of the transporter associated with antigen processing, TAP1 and TAP2. European journal of immunology 32 9368636
2004 Role of TAP-1 and/or TAP-2 antigen presentation defects in tumorigenicity of mouse melanoma. Cellular immunology 31 15219464
2013 Association of TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphisms with hematological malignancies. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 27 24175803
2006 A TAP2 genotype associated with Alzheimer's disease in APOE4 carriers. Neurobiology of aging 27 16595160
2006 Catalytic site modifications of TAP1 and TAP2 and their functional consequences. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 17068338
1996 Cell cycle-dependent expression of TAP1, TAP2, and HLA-B27 messenger RNAs in a human breast cancer cell line. Cancer research 27 8813124
1983 Brief clinical report: ring-11 chromosome: phenotype-karyotype correlation with deletions of 11q. American journal of medical genetics 27 6829609
2003 TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphisms analysis in northwestern Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 25 12634240
2000 A half-type ABC transporter TAPL is highly conserved between rodent and man, and the human gene is not responsive to interferon-gamma in contrast to TAP1 and TAP2. Journal of biochemistry 25 11011155
1994 Analysis of HLA-class-II-encoded antigen-processing genes TAP1 and TAP2 in primary biliary cirrhosis. The Quarterly journal of medicine 25 8208914
2014 The ABC transporter, AbcB3, mediates cAMP export in D. discoideum development. Developmental biology 24 25448698
2007 Genetic control of alternative splicing in the TAP2 gene: possible implication in the genetics of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 24 17192492
2002 TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis in a population in eastern France. European journal of immunogenetics : official journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics 24 12047361
1995 Reevaluation of the relative risk for susceptibility to celiac disease of HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPB1, and -TAP2 alleles in a French population. Human immunology 24 7558936
1995 Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells. Human gene therapy 24 7578413
2002 Differential regulation of the expression of transporters associated with antigen processing, TAP1 and TAP2, by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide in primary human macrophages. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 23 12234057
1999 Identification and genetic mapping of Xenopus TAP2 genes. Immunogenetics 23 9914331
1997 Analysis of allelic variation of the TAP2 gene in sarcoidosis. Tissue antigens 23 9062964
1994 Association of TAP2 polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis is secondary to allelic association with HLA-DRB1. Arthritis and rheumatism 23 8147927
1994 Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex-encoded ABC transporter gene TAP2, HLA class II alleles, and celiac disease susceptibility. Human immunology 23 8181966
2001 Molecular studies and NK cell function of a new case of TAP2 homozygous human deficiency. Clinical and experimental immunology 22 11529920
1994 TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphism in multiple sclerosis patients. Human immunology 22 7928442
1994 Polymorphisms of the TAP2 transporter gene in systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 21 8311559
2016 Association of TAP1 and TAP2 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology 20 26996113
2001 Reduced expression of TAP-1 and TAP-2 in posterior uveal melanoma is associated with progression to metastatic disease. Melanoma research 20 11468516
1995 Surface expression of beta 2-microglobulin-associated thymus-leukemia antigen is independent of TAP2. European journal of immunology 20 7737270
1994 Enhanced expression of HLA-A,B,C and inducibility of TAP-1, TAP-2, and HLA-A,B,C by interferon-gamma in a multidrug-resistant small cell lung cancer line. Lymphokine and cytokine research 20 8061113
2005 Functional aberrant expression of CCR2 receptor on chronically activated NK cells in patients with TAP-2 deficiency. Blood 18 16037391
2003 Functional cysteine-less subunits of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) by de novo gene assembly. FEBS letters 18 12505156
2008 Significance of transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (TAP2) gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to dengue viral infection. Journal of clinical immunology 17 18071882
1995 Effects of MHC-encoded TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphism and matching on kidney graft rejection. Transplantation 17 7645042
2003 Association of TAP2 gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical rheumatology 16 14749980
1997 Polymorphisms of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in German patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. European journal of immunogenetics : official journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics 16 9226129
1994 Analysis of TAP2 and HLA-DP gene polymorphism in psoriasis. Human immunology 16 8002377
2021 Structural determinants of peptide-dependent TAP1-TAP2 transit passage targeted by viral proteins and altered by cancer-associated mutations. Computational and structural biotechnology journal 15 34589184
2001 Genotyping TAP2 variants in North American Caucasians, Brazilians, and Africans. Genes and immunity 15 11294565
1995 HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes in IDDM families: no evidence for an additional contribution to disease risk by the TAP2 locus. Diabetologia 15 7589884
2015 Reduced Expression of the Antigen Processing Machinery Components TAP2, LMP2, and LMP7 in Tonsillar and Base of Tongue Cancer and Implications for Clinical Outcome. Translational oncology 14 25749172
2015 Association of TAP1 and TAP2 genes with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Koreans. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 13 25846714
2007 The role of TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphism in idiopathic bronchiectasis in children. Pediatric pulmonology 13 17245734
1997 Assessment of intracellular TAP-1 and TAP-2 in conjunction with surface MHC class I in plasma cells from patients with multiple myeloma. British journal of haematology 13 9266943
1997 TAP1 and TAP2 genes in nickel allergy. International archives of allergy and immunology 13 9303338
2020 TAP2, a peptide antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4, attenuates pain and cartilage degradation in a monoiodoacetate-induced arthritis rat model. Scientific reports 12 33060735
2016 An Ancient Fecundability-Associated Polymorphism Switches a Repressor into an Enhancer of Endometrial TAP2 Expression. American journal of human genetics 12 27745831
2014 Natural polymorphisms in Tap2 influence negative selection and CD4∶CD8 lineage commitment in the rat. PLoS genetics 12 24586191
1998 New TAP2 polymorphisms in Africans. Tissue antigens 12 9672156
1996 The human leukocyte antigen TAP2 gene defines the centromeric limit of melanoma susceptibility on chromosome 6p. Tissue antigens 12 8851724
1991 Molecular analysis of tap2, an anther-specific gene from Antirrhinum majus. FEBS letters 12 1672656
1998 Development and characterization of mouse anti-human LMP2, LMP7, TAP1 and TAP2 monoclonal antibodies. Tissue antigens 11 9510369
1996 Association of TAP1 and TAP2 with systemic sclerosis in Japanese. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 11 8913653
1995 TAP2 polymorphisms in Australian multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of neuroimmunology 11 7797612
1992 TAP1 and TAP2 transporter genes and predisposition to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie 11 1300236
2010 TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphisms in childhood cystic echinococcosis. Parasitology international 10 20193774
2009 Mouse strains with point mutations in TAP1 and TAP2. Immunology and cell biology 10 19721454
2007 TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphisms in Korean patients with allergic rhinitis. Journal of Korean medical science 10 17982230
1996 Polymorphisms of the TAP1 and TAP2 transporter genes in Japanese SLE. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 10 9014588
2022 Delayed Diagnosis of Chronic Necrotizing Granulomatous Skin Lesions due to TAP2 Deficiency. Journal of clinical immunology 9 36227411

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