Affinage

TAF4

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4 · UniProt O00268

Length
1085 aa
Mass
110.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
40 papers in source corpus 28 papers cited in narrative 27 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TAF4 (TAFII130/TAFII135) is a core structural subunit of the TFIID general transcription factor complex that couples promoter recognition to activator-dependent transcription across diverse developmental programs (PMID:16895980, PMID:25209997). Structurally, it anchors TFIID through its histone-fold domain, which together with a short conserved C-terminal domain forms an atypical histone-like heterodimer with TAF12 (PMID:12237303); this TAF4-TAF12 module binds promoter DNA with high affinity but weak sequence preference, and a DNA-binding mutant reduces TFIID occupancy and Initiator activity at specific promoters (PMID:19635797). In Drosophila, TAF4 is the subunit most critical for holo-TFIID stability and, with TAF1, preferentially supports transcription from TATA-less, DPE-containing promoters (PMID:16895980). Functionally, TAF4 acts as a coactivator by directly engaging the activation domains of numerous transcription factors through distinct subdomains: its glutamine-rich Q-regions bind Sp1 and CREB via intrinsically disordered contacts (PMID:9742090, PMID:27515574, PMID:28857320), while its TAFH domain binds E-protein activation domains to enhance TFIID recruitment at target promoters (PMID:23873942); additional direct partners include NFATp, p45NF-E2, HNF4A, and the AF-2 of RAR/TR/VDR receptors (PMID:9192867, PMID:9294161, PMID:11313476, PMID:25209997). Through these contacts TAF4 promotes preinitiation complex formation and is essential in vivo for hepatocyte maturation via HNF4A (PMID:25209997), neuronal and cardiomyocyte differentiation (PMID:27026076), intestinal stem cell maintenance by antagonizing PRC2-mediated silencing (PMID:36639541), and muscle stem cell genome stability via NF-Y-dependent Kansl2 expression (PMID:41028714); it also functions as a tumour suppressor in epidermis (PMID:17626060). TAF4 availability is post-transcriptionally controlled by cytoplasmic sequestration and proteasomal proteolysis during differentiation (PMID:11285139, PMID:18854162).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Established that TAF4 physically and functionally connects TFIID to the basal machinery and to nuclear receptor activators, defining its dual structural/coactivator role.

    Evidence Fluorescence anisotropy and Co-IP of the yeast TAF4 N-terminal domain with TBP, plus mammalian reporter assays mapping coactivation of RAR/TR/VDR

    PMID:9154807 PMID:9192867

    Open questions at the time
    • How TBP dissociation from DNA by the N-terminal domain integrates into PIC assembly was not resolved
    • Receptor selectivity (active on RAR/TR/VDR but not ER/RXR) mechanism unexplained
  2. 1998 High

    Resolved that TAF4 uses distinct glutamine-rich subdomains to contact different activators, explaining how one subunit serves multiple transcription factors.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid deletion mapping of Q1-Q4 against Sp1A/B and CREB, with in-cell dominant-negative repression assays

    PMID:9742090

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish whether different activators compete for overlapping surfaces
    • In vivo contribution of each subdomain at endogenous promoters not tested
  3. 2001 High

    Demonstrated TAF4 is a direct coactivator sufficient, within a minimal TFIID subcomplex, to support activator-driven transcription, moving it from binding partner to functional mediator.

    Evidence Reconstituted in vitro transcription with TBP+TAF250+TAF130 and NFATp binding/pulldown assays

    PMID:11313476 PMID:9294161

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether full holo-TFIID imposes additional requirements not addressed
    • Promoter-context dependence of coactivation untested
  4. 2002 High

    Defined the structural basis of TFIID nucleation by TAF4 and linked it to chromatin via HP1, broadening its mechanistic repertoire.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of the hTAF4-hTAF12 histone-fold heterodimer with genetic suppression in yeast, plus yeast two-hybrid/GST pulldown of HP1 isoforms

    PMID:11959914 PMID:12237303

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of HP1 binding for endogenous gene silencing not established
    • How the atypical histone fold packs into intact TFIID architecture unresolved
  5. 2002 High

    Connected TAF4 to polyglutamine disease pathology by showing expanded-polyQ sequestration of TAF4 disrupts CREB/Sp1-dependent transcription and neuronal survival.

    Evidence Co-IP of mutant huntingtin with Sp1/TAFII130, reporter and neuroprotection rescue assays in striatal cultures and HD brain

    PMID:10973244 PMID:11988536

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal contribution of TAF4 sequestration to disease in vivo not isolated from other polyQ effects
    • Whether endogenous TAF4 levels are limiting in patient neurons not quantified
  6. 2006 High

    Identified TAF4 as the master stability subunit of TFIID and a determinant of promoter-class specificity, establishing why its loss has broad transcriptional consequences.

    Evidence Systematic RNAi of TFIID subunits in Drosophila S2 cells with TATA-less vs TATA-containing reporter transcription assays

    PMID:16895980

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether mammalian TFIID shares the same stability hierarchy not directly shown here
    • Molecular basis of DPE preference unresolved
  7. 2005 High

    Showed TAF4 loss deregulates >1000 genes with activator-selective requirements, and that TAF4b-containing TFIID can partially compensate, revealing paralog redundancy.

    Evidence Conditional Taf4-/- MEFs with microarray profiling and activator-specific transcription assays

    PMID:16015375

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of which genes are TAF4-dependent vs TAF4b-redundant not defined
    • TGF-beta pathway activation mechanism downstream of TAF4 loss unclear
  8. 2009 High

    Assigned a sequence-nonspecific DNA-binding function to the TAF4-TAF12 module that contributes to TFIID promoter occupancy and Initiator activity.

    Evidence In vitro DNA-binding assays, expression profiling of DNA-binding-mutant cells, and ChIP for TFIID occupancy

    PMID:19635797

    Open questions at the time
    • The ~70 bp length requirement's structural basis not explained
    • How DNA binding is coordinated with activator contacts not resolved
  9. 2013 High

    Mapped a gene-specific role for the TAFH domain in TFIID recruitment by direct binding to E-protein activation domains.

    Evidence Biochemical pulldowns, TAFH-domain mutagenesis, ChIP, and target-gene expression analysis

    PMID:23873942

    Open questions at the time
    • Full set of TAFH-dependent target genes not catalogued
    • Whether the TAFH surface analogous to ETO (idx 14) handles both activators and repressors at TAF4 untested
  10. 2016 Medium

    Defined the atomic mode of TAF4-Sp1 recognition as a fuzzy interaction between intrinsically disordered regions without coupled folding.

    Evidence NMR chemical shift perturbation and surface plasmon resonance of the Q1 and Sp1 Q-rich regions

    PMID:27515574 PMID:28857320

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab characterization of one activator pair
    • Functional consequence of the disordered binding mode in cells not tested
  11. 2014 High

    Established TAF4 as an in vivo driver of tissue-specific transcription by anchoring HNF4A occupancy and PIC formation at liver gene promoters.

    Evidence Liver-specific Taf4 inactivation with ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and direct TAF4-TAF12/HNF4A binding assay

    PMID:25209997

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HNF4A recruitment failure is direct or secondary to broader TFIID disruption not separated
    • Generality to other tissue-restricted activators not shown here
  12. 2016 High

    Demonstrated that TAF4 is required for terminal differentiation programs (neurons, cardiomyocytes) through PIC assembly at differentiation gene promoters, despite TAF4b redundancy at earlier stages.

    Evidence Taf4a-null mouse embryos and ESC in vitro differentiation with ChIP for PIC formation

    PMID:27026076

    Open questions at the time
    • Why TAF4b cannot substitute at differentiation promoters not mechanistically resolved
    • Patterning defect's transcriptional targets not fully defined
  13. 2008 High

    Revealed post-transcriptional control of TAF4 activity by cytoplasmic sequestration and signalling, showing TFIID assembly can be gated by kinase-dependent retention.

    Evidence C. elegans genetic epistasis and binding assays showing OMA-1/2 sequester TAF-4 after MBK-2 phosphorylation; F9 cell proteasome-inhibitor and overexpression assays for differentiation-coupled proteolysis

    PMID:11285139 PMID:18854162

    Open questions at the time
    • Conservation of cytoplasmic sequestration in mammals not established
    • Identity of the ubiquitin ligase directing TAF4 proteolysis unknown
  14. 2023 High

    Showed TAF4 maintains stem/progenitor gene expression by antagonizing PRC2-mediated epigenetic silencing, linking a TFIID subunit to chromatin repression balance.

    Evidence Intestinal Taf4 inactivation, enteroid culture, PRC2 ChIP, scRNA-seq, and Ezh2-inhibitor pharmacological rescue

    PMID:36639541

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TAF4 directly opposes PRC2 deposition or acts indirectly via target transcription not resolved
    • Generality of the TAF4-PRC2 antagonism to other tissues untested
  15. 2025 High

    Connected TAF4 to genome stability and nuclear mechanics by showing NF-Y-dependent Kansl2 expression maintains lamin A/C modification and nuclear integrity in muscle stem cells.

    Evidence Muscle stem cell-specific Taf4a inactivation with Co-IP, genome stability assays, nuclear mechanics measurements, and expression profiling

    PMID:41028714

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between Kansl2 loss and lamin acetylation not fully delineated
    • Whether nuclear instability is the primary cause of stem cell depletion vs a parallel effect unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How TAF4 integrates its multiple activator contacts, DNA binding, chromatin antagonism, and regulated availability into a unified mechanism that selects which genes require TAF4 versus TAF4b across tissues remains unresolved.
  • No unifying rule predicts TAF4 vs TAF4b dependence at a given promoter
  • Structural model of holo-TFIID engaging an activator-bound TAF4 in mammalian cells lacking
  • Mammalian regulation of TAF4 protein levels and localization not characterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0140223 general transcription initiation factor activity 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 6 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
CREBHNF4AHP1NF-YNFATC2SP1TAF12TBP
Complex memberships
TFIID

Evidence

Reading pass · 27 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 The N-terminal domain of yeast TAF4 (yTAF(II)130) binds TBP with high affinity (Kd ~1 nM), and this interaction is physiologically significant for cell growth; furthermore, the N-terminal domain actively dissociates TBP from TATA box-containing DNA. Coimmunoprecipitation, protein blotting, fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopy, genetic complementation of taf130Δ null allele Molecular and cellular biology High 9154807
1997 Human TAF(II)135 potentiates transcriptional activation by the AF-2 of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D3 receptors (RAR, TR, VDR) but not by estrogen or RXR receptors; the coactivator activity maps to a region between two conserved domains. Mammalian cell overexpression transcriptional assays with receptor-specific reporters Genes & development Medium 9192867
1997 The C-terminal 105 amino acids of hTAF(II)135 directly bind the CR3 activation domain of adenovirus E1A, and overexpression of this C-terminal fragment blocks E1A-inducible transcriptional activation in vivo. In vitro protein-protein interaction (pulldown), in vivo transcriptional reporter assay Journal of virology Medium 9311891
1997 The proline-rich N-terminal activation domain of p45NF-E2 binds specifically to TAFII130, and this interaction is required for enhancer-dependent transcription of the alpha- and beta-globin loci. Protein-protein interaction studies, mutational analysis, transient transcription assays in NF-E2 null cell line, endogenous locus reactivation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 9294161
1998 Distinct subdomains of hTAFII130 mediate interactions with different activation domains: the Q1 region interacts with Sp1B; Q1-Q4 interact with Sp1A; Q1-Q2 interact with the N-terminal activation domain of CREB. Overexpression of the Q1-Q4 region in HeLa cells inhibits Sp1- but not VP16-mediated transcription. Yeast two-hybrid, deletion mutagenesis, in vivo transcriptional repression assay in HeLa cells Molecular and cellular biology High 9742090
2000 Expanded polyglutamine stretches preferentially bind TAFII130 and suppress CREB-dependent transcription; co-expression of TAFII130 restores CREB-dependent transcription and rescues polyQ-induced cell death. Protein-protein interaction assays, transcriptional reporter assays, cell viability assays with polyQ constructs Nature genetics High 10973244
2001 hTAFII130 serves as a coactivator for NFATp: it binds directly to the C-terminal domain (aa 688–921) of NFATp, and a partial TFIID complex (TBP + TAF250 + TAF130) supports NFATp-activated transcription in vitro. Reconstituted in vitro transcription assay, in vitro pulldown interaction assay, overexpression in Cos-1 cells Molecular and cellular biology High 11313476
2001 TBP and TAFII135 are selectively depleted during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells via targeted proteasome-mediated proteolysis; ectopic TAFII135 expression delays RARγ2 proteolysis and impairs differentiation. Western blotting, proteasome inhibitor treatment, gain-of-function overexpression, differentiation marker assays BMC molecular biology Medium 11285139
2002 hTAFII130 interacts with HP1alpha and HP1gamma (but not HP1beta) in an isoform-specific manner through a pentapeptide HP1-binding motif; mutation of this motif abolishes the interaction. Gal4-HP1 proteins interfere with hTAFII130-mediated transcriptional activation. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown of endogenous TFIID components from HeLa nuclear extracts, HP1-binding motif mutagenesis, transcriptional reporter assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 11959914
2002 The histone-fold domain (HFD) and a short conserved C-terminal domain (CCTD) of yTAF4 are both required for heterodimerization with yTAF12; temperature-sensitive mutations in the HFD α2 helix or CCTD are suppressed by overexpression of yTAF12. Crystal structure of the hTAF4-hTAF12 histone-like heterodimer reveals an atypical HFD organization where the α3 helix lies within the CCTD. Genetic complementation (ts alleles + overexpression suppression), coexpression in E. coli to test direct heterodimerization, X-ray crystallography The Journal of biological chemistry High 12237303
2002 Mutant huntingtin interacts with transcriptional activator Sp1 and coactivator TAFII130; co-expression of Sp1 and TAFII130 reverses huntingtin-induced transcriptional inhibition of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and protects neurons from huntingtin-induced toxicity. Co-immunoprecipitation, transcriptional reporter assay in striatal cell cultures, neuroprotection assay, DNA-binding assay in postmortem HD brain Science High 11988536
2005 TAF4 inactivation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts deregulates >1000 genes, activates TGF-β signalling and autocrine growth; TAF4 is an essential cofactor for activation by RAR and CREB but not for Sp1 or the vitamin D3 receptor. Loss of TAF4 is compensated by TAF4b-containing TFIID. Conditional gene inactivation (Taf4−/− MEFs), microarray expression profiling, transcriptional assays The EMBO journal High 16015375
2005 RanBPM is a co-factor of TAF4 in neural progenitor cells; endogenous TAF4 and RanBPM co-immunoprecipitate from neural stem cell extracts. Co-transfection of TAF4 and RanBPM increases primary neurite processes, an effect lost with a TAF4 isoform lacking the RanBPM-interacting domain. Yeast two-hybrid/protein interaction screen, co-immunoprecipitation, co-transfection morphological assay Molecular and cellular neurosciences Medium 15911349
2006 TAF4 is the most critical subunit for maintaining the stability of the TFIID complex in Drosophila; RNAi knockdown of TAF4 destabilizes holo-TFIID more than knockdown of TBP or TAF1. TAF4 and TAF1 specifically mediate transcription from TATA-less, DPE-containing promoters, whereas TATA-containing promoters are less dependent on these subunits. RNAi knockdown of individual TFIID subunits in Drosophila S2 cells, in vitro transcription assays with TATA-less vs. TATA-containing promoter reporters Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16895980
2007 The TAF-homology (TAFH) domain of ETO, related in sequence to TAF4, has a structure similar to yeast Rpb4 and E. coli σ70 and acts as a docking platform: overlapping surfaces interact with a repression domain of N-CoR and with an activation domain from E-box transcription factors, enabling interchange of positive and negative coregulators. X-ray crystallography of ETO-TAFH domain, protein-protein interaction mapping Nature structural & molecular biology Medium 17572682
2007 TAF4 inactivation in basal keratinocytes reduces expression of skin barrier genes, causes hair cycle defects, and promotes malignant transformation; TAF4 has cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous tumour suppressor activity in mouse epidermis. Conditional Cre-lox Taf4 inactivation in keratinocytes, gene expression analysis, chemical carcinogenesis assay Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 17626060
2008 OMA-1 and OMA-2 in C. elegans repress transcription in germline blastomeres P0 and P1 by binding to and sequestering TAF-4 in the cytoplasm, preventing its incorporation into TFIID and the pol II preinitiation complex. This binding requires phosphorylation of OMA-1/2 by the DYRK kinase MBK-2, activated at meiosis II after fertilization. Genetic epistasis, biochemical binding assays, live imaging, ectopic expression experiments in C. elegans embryos Cell High 18854162
2008 The ETO coactivation domain of TAF4 is targeted by Wnt/Wingless signalling through Pygopus in Drosophila; expression of TAF4 lacking the ETO domain specifically impairs Wingless-induced transcription of naked cuticle. Generation of altered holo-TFIID in Drosophila by ETO-domain deletion, in vivo transcription assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 19116271
2009 The TAF4/4b–TAF12 complex binds DNA with high affinity requiring ~70 bp length but with only weak sequence preference; a DNA-binding mutant of TAF4 reduces TFIID occupancy and Initiator activity at a subset of TATA-box/Initiator-containing promoters. In vitro DNA-binding assays, expression profiling of wild-type vs. DNA-binding mutant TAF4 cells, ChIP for TFIID occupancy The Journal of biological chemistry High 19635797
2013 TAF4 directly interacts with the E-protein activation domain 3 (AD3) through its TAFH domain; this interaction enhances TFIID binding to core promoters and is required for activation of natural E-protein target genes. The TAFH domain has a gene-specific role in TFIID recruitment in vivo. Biochemical pulldown assays, ChIP, gene expression analysis, domain-specific mutagenesis Genes & development High 23873942
2013 TAF4b (but not TAF4) interacts with the pluripotency factor Oct4 in embryonic stem cells; TAF4b cooperates with Oct4 to regulate a subset of genes (including Sohlh2 and Yes1), whereas TAF4 inhibits ESC proliferation and is required for later differentiation stages. Co-immunoprecipitation, knockdown (siRNA), expression profiling Genes to cells Medium 23350932
2014 The TAF4–TAF12 heterodimer interacts directly with HNF4A, and TAF4 is required in vivo to maintain HNF4A-directed gene expression and to promote HNF4A occupancy at cis-regulatory elements near transcription start sites of post-natal liver function genes; TAF4 promotes preinitiation complex formation at these promoters. Liver-specific Taf4 inactivation in mice, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, direct protein interaction assay eLife High 25209997
2016 Taf4a−/− embryos survive until E9.5 with primary germ layers intact, but require TAF4 for trunk/anterior patterning and ventral morphogenesis. Taf4a−/− embryonic stem cells contain TAF4b-containing TFIID but fail to complete differentiation into glutamatergic neurons and cardiomyocytes due to impaired preinitiation complex formation at critical differentiation gene promoters. Taf4a gene inactivation in mice, embryo analysis, ESC in vitro differentiation assays, ChIP for PIC formation Nature communications High 27026076
2016 Interaction between the Q1 glutamine-rich region of TAF4 and the Q-rich region of Sp1 occurs through intrinsically disordered regions without significant coupled folding; binding sites are localized to defined 20-30 residue stretches identified by NMR chemical shift perturbation. NMR spectroscopy (heteronuclear, 13C chemical shift analysis), surface plasmon resonance Protein science Medium 27515574 28857320
2021 TAF4 inactivation in adult pancreatic beta cells impairs critical beta-cell function genes, decreases insulin secretion, and causes trans-differentiation of beta cells into alpha-like cells as revealed by single-cell RNA-seq; computational analysis implicates the NuRF chromatin remodelling complex alongside critical beta-cell transcription factors in this process. Beta-cell specific Taf4 inactivation in mice, single-cell RNA-seq, glucose tolerance tests, plasma insulin measurement Cell death & disease Medium 34385420
2023 TAF4 inactivation in intestinal epithelium increases PRC2 (Ezh2/Suz12) activity in enteroid stem/progenitor cells; pharmacological inhibition of Ezh2 restores budding, cell proliferation, and the stem/progenitor compartment in Taf4-mutant enteroids, demonstrating that TAF4 antagonizes PRC2-mediated epigenetic silencing to maintain intestinal stem cell gene expression. Tissue-specific Taf4 inactivation, enteroid culture, ChIP for PRC2 components, Ezh2 inhibitor treatment, scRNA-seq Cell death and differentiation High 36639541
2025 TAF4A forms a complex with the heterotrimeric transcription factor NF-Y in muscle stem cells and is required for cell-type-specific expression of Kansl2. TAF4A inactivation reduces Kansl2, alters lamin A/C post-translational modification (acetylation), decreases nuclear stiffness, disrupts nuclear architecture, and causes genomic instability, thereby depleting the stem cell pool and abolishing muscle regeneration. Muscle stem cell-specific Taf4a inactivation, co-immunoprecipitation, genome stability assays, nuclear mechanics measurements, gene expression analysis Nature communications High 41028714

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 40 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Sp1 and TAFII130 transcriptional activity disrupted in early Huntington's disease. Science (New York, N.Y.) 560 11988536
2000 Expanded polyglutamine stretches interact with TAFII130, interfering with CREB-dependent transcription. Nature genetics 324 10973244
2006 TAF4 nucleates a core subcomplex of TFIID and mediates activated transcription from a TATA-less promoter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 129 16895980
1997 Human TAF(II)135 potentiates transcriptional activation by the AF-2s of the retinoic acid, vitamin D3, and thyroid hormone receptors in mammalian cells. Genes & development 124 9192867
1998 Distinct subdomains of human TAFII130 are required for interactions with glutamine-rich transcriptional activators. Molecular and cellular biology 119 9742090
2008 Global transcriptional repression in C. elegans germline precursors by regulated sequestration of TAF-4. Cell 93 18854162
1997 Structure-function analysis of TAF130: identification and characterization of a high-affinity TATA-binding protein interaction domain in the N terminus of yeast TAF(II)130. Molecular and cellular biology 64 9154807
2002 Isoform-specific interaction of HP1 with human TAFII130. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 61 11959914
1997 The activation domain of the enhancer binding protein p45NF-E2 interacts with TAFII130 and mediates long-range activation of the alpha- and beta-globin gene loci in an erythroid cell line. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 50 9294161
2005 TAF4 inactivation in embryonic fibroblasts activates TGF beta signalling and autocrine growth. The EMBO journal 47 16015375
2005 A specific role for the TFIID subunit TAF4 and RanBPM in neural progenitor differentiation. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 46 15911349
2013 TAF-4 is required for the life extension of isp-1, clk-1 and tpk-1 Mit mutants. Aging 42 24107417
1997 The transactivation domain of adenovirus E1A interacts with the C terminus of human TAF(II)135. Journal of virology 42 9311891
2007 A TAF4-homology domain from the corepressor ETO is a docking platform for positive and negative regulators of transcription. Nature structural & molecular biology 35 17572682
2013 A TAF4 coactivator function for E proteins that involves enhanced TFIID binding. Genes & development 33 23873942
2009 TAF4/4b x TAF12 displays a unique mode of DNA binding and is required for core promoter function of a subset of genes. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 19635797
2014 TAF4, a subunit of transcription factor II D, directs promoter occupancy of nuclear receptor HNF4A during post-natal hepatocyte differentiation. eLife 28 25209997
2005 A functional interaction between ATF7 and TAF12 that is modulated by TAF4. Oncogene 26 15735663
2016 Essential role of the TFIID subunit TAF4 in murine embryogenesis and embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nature communications 25 27026076
2008 Wnt signaling targets ETO coactivation domain of TAF4/TFIID in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25 19116271
2007 The TFIID subunit TAF4 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and has cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous tumour suppressor activity in mouse epidermis. Development (Cambridge, England) 25 17626060
2002 Functional analysis of the TFIID-specific yeast TAF4 (yTAF(II)48) reveals an unexpected organization of its histone-fold domain. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 12237303
2001 Coordinate regulation of RARgamma2, TBP, and TAFII135 by targeted proteolysis during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. BMC molecular biology 23 11285139
2013 Alternative splicing targeting the hTAF4-TAFH domain of TAF4 represses proliferation and accelerates chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PloS one 21 24098348
2016 Interaction between intrinsically disordered regions in transcription factors Sp1 and TAF4. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 15 27515574
2001 Human Taf(II)130 is a coactivator for NFATp. Molecular and cellular biology 15 11313476
2021 Single cell transcriptomics reveal trans-differentiation of pancreatic beta cells following inactivation of the TFIID subunit Taf4. Cell death & disease 13 34385420
2017 Identification of heteromolecular binding sites in transcription factors Sp1 and TAF4 using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 13 28857320
2014 TAF4 inactivation reveals the 3 dimensional growth promoting activities of collagen 6A3. PloS one 12 24498316
2016 Targeted alternative splicing of TAF4: a new strategy for cell reprogramming. Scientific reports 10 27499390
2013 Role of TAF4 in transcriptional activation by Rta of Epstein-Barr Virus. PloS one 10 23326574
2013 TAF4b and TAF4 differentially regulate mouse embryonic stem cells maintenance and proliferation. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 10 23350932
2004 Novel isoforms of the TFIID subunit TAF4 modulate nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional activity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 15530431
2023 General transcription factor TAF4 antagonizes epigenetic silencing by Polycomb to maintain intestine stem cell functions. Cell death and differentiation 8 36639541
2022 De novo putative loss-of-function variants in TAF4 are associated with a neuro-developmental disorder. Human mutation 8 35904126
2020 Kin28 depletion increases association of TFIID subunits Taf1 and Taf4 with promoters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic acids research 8 32182349
2014 TAF4 controls differentiation of human neural progenitor cells through hTAF4-TAFH activity. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 6 24696168
2001 Cell-type-specific expression of the TFIID component TAF(II)135 in the nervous system. Experimental cell research 6 11570813
2007 Intensity dependent confidence intervals on microarray measurements of differentially expressed genes: a case study of the effect of MK5, FKRP and TAF4 on the transcriptome. Gene regulation and systems biology 4 19936079
2025 Regulation of NSL by TAF4A is critical for genome stability and quiescence of muscle stem cells. Nature communications 0 41028714

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