Affinage

TAF1

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1 · UniProt P21675

Length
1893 aa
Mass
214.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 39 papers cited in narrative 40 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TAF1 is the largest subunit of the general transcription factor TFIID, functioning as a multi-enzymatic scaffold that nucleates TFIID assembly, contacts core-promoter DNA, and couples transcriptional regulation to cell cycle control and DNA damage responses (PMID:7680771, PMID:37386215). As the assembly platform, TAF1 binds TBP directly through its N-terminal TAND1/TAND2 domains, which fold upon binding and occupy distinct concave and convex TBP surfaces to regulate TBP-DNA interaction (PMID:7680771, PMID:23851461, PMID:15165843), and it drives co-translational, hierarchical recruitment of preassembled TFIID submodules onto the nascent TAF1 polypeptide (PMID:37386215). TAF1 engages core-promoter DNA through multiple modules including a winged-helix domain mounted on the TAF1-TAF7 heterodimeric core, a C-terminal zinc knuckle, and sequence-specific contacts to downstream promoter elements, all of which support TFIID promoter occupancy and transcription (PMID:16227614, PMID:25412659, PMID:29545534). TAF1 carries intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity acetylating H3/H4 that is required for cell cycle progression and for H3 acetylation at the cyclin D1 promoter to enable Sp1-dependent activation and G1-to-S transition (PMID:8980232, PMID:10648598, PMID:15870300); this HAT activity is held in check by the bound TAF7 subunit until TAF1-mediated phosphorylation of TAF7 at Ser-264 releases the inhibition (PMID:22711989). TAF1 is also a bipartite serine kinase whose two domains cooperate to phosphorylate the TFIIF subunit RAP74 and to phosphorylate p53 at Thr-55, promoting MDM2-dependent p53 degradation, p53 dissociation from promoters, and G1 progression; this kinase activity is sensed via cellular ATP levels and inhibited by retinoblastoma protein (PMID:8625415, PMID:15053879, PMID:24289924, PMID:9858607, PMID:17237821). Beyond TFIID, TAF1 monoubiquitinates Pax3 through its ubiquitin E1/E2-like activity to control myogenic differentiation (PMID:21145483), and integrates signals from regulators including Rb, cyclin D1, MDM2, c-Jun, and the oncogenic AML1-ETO fusion to direct gene-specific transcriptional programs (PMID:7724524, PMID:9926939, PMID:11316804, PMID:31664040). Distinct gene sets depend on the kinase versus acetyltransferase activities, indicating its enzymatic functions regulate largely non-overlapping targets (PMID:10716982).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1993 High

    Established TAF1 as the scaffolding anchor of TFIID by demonstrating it binds TBP directly and supports complex assembly, defining its core architectural role.

    Evidence Recombinant binding assays in vitro and in yeast, co-immunoprecipitation

    PMID:7680771

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the structural basis of TBP contact
    • Did not address how other TAFs are recruited
  2. 1996 High

    Revealed that TAF1 is itself an enzyme, possessing intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity, reframing TFIID from a passive factor to a chromatin-modifying machine.

    Evidence In vitro HAT assay with recombinant protein and histone substrates, domain mapping across human/Drosophila/yeast homologs

    PMID:8980232

    Open questions at the time
    • In vitro substrate use did not establish the in vivo target genes
    • Did not address regulation of HAT activity
  3. 1996 High

    Identified a second enzymatic activity — a bipartite serine kinase phosphorylating RAP74/TFIIF — showing TAF1 transmits signals to the basal machinery.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay with purified recombinant TAF1 and RAP74, deletion analysis of two kinase domains

    PMID:8625415

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo substrate repertoire unresolved
    • Functional consequence of RAP74 phosphorylation not defined
  4. 1995 Medium

    Connected TAF1 enzymatic and binding functions to cell physiology by showing RAP74 interaction and Rb binding are critical for viability and Sp1-mediated transcription via the ts13 system.

    Evidence GST pulldown, far-western, co-immunoprecipitation, ts13 complementation with transcription assays

    PMID:7590250 PMID:7724524

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking Rb binding to transcription not fully defined
    • Did not separate scaffolding from enzymatic contributions
  5. 2000 High

    Genetically separated TAF1's two enzymatic activities, showing catalytic HAT residues are required for cell cycle progression and that kinase versus HAT domains regulate largely non-overlapping gene sets.

    Evidence Acetyl-CoA site and kinase-domain mutagenesis, ts13 complementation, transcription assays, genome-wide microarray profiling

    PMID:10648598 PMID:10716982 PMID:9660973

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct in vivo histone substrates at most genes not mapped
    • Promoter-specific selectivity mechanism unresolved
  6. 2004 High

    Placed TAF1 kinase activity at the heart of cell cycle and DNA damage control by identifying p53 Thr-55 as a substrate whose phosphorylation drives p53 degradation and G1 progression, and showing TAF1 inactivation triggers an ATR-mediated arrest.

    Evidence In vivo phosphorylation, T55A mutagenesis, RNAi, kinase inhibition, dominant-negative ATR/ATM in ts13 cells

    PMID:15053879 PMID:15169897

    Open questions at the time
    • How TAF1 kinase activity is timed during the cycle not fully resolved
    • Relationship between TFIID assembly and ATR signaling unclear
  7. 2005 High

    Linked HAT activity to a specific promoter program by showing TAF1-dependent H3 acetylation at the cyclin D1 promoter enables Sp1 binding and G1-to-S progression.

    Evidence HAT-domain mutagenesis, ChIP, in vivo genomic footprinting, ts13 complementation, TSA treatment

    PMID:15870300

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide scope of HAT-dependent acetylation not defined here
    • Selectivity for cyclin D1 over c-fos unexplained
  8. 2005 Medium

    Demonstrated TAF1 makes direct, sequence-specific contact with downstream core-promoter DNA, extending its role to promoter recognition beyond TBP.

    Evidence UV photo-cross-linking, promoter mutagenesis, in vitro transcription on the beta-globin DCE

    PMID:16227614

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-promoter scope
    • Did not identify the responsible DNA-binding subdomain
  9. 2010 High

    Uncovered a third enzymatic activity, ubiquitin E1/E2-like activity, showing TAF1 monoubiquitinates Pax3 to control its degradation and myogenic differentiation.

    Evidence GST pulldown, co-IP, ubiquitination assay, gain/loss-of-function with differentiation and migration assays

    PMID:21145483

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of E1/E2 activity not defined
    • Other ubiquitination substrates unknown
  10. 2012 High

    Resolved how TAF1 HAT activity is regulated, showing TAF1 phosphorylation of TAF7 at Ser-264 disrupts an inhibitory TAF1-TAF7 contact to activate acetylation at cyclin promoters.

    Evidence Co-IP, HAT assay, S264A/S264D phosphomutants, ChIP, siRNA

    PMID:22711989

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger for TAF7 phosphorylation in vivo not defined
    • Generality across promoters not established
  11. 2014 High

    Provided structural mechanism for promoter DNA contact and epigenetic reading, resolving the TAF1-TAF7 core with a DNA-binding winged-helix domain and a pocket recognizing modified histone H3.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of human and yeast TAF1-TAF7, DNA-binding assays, histone peptide binding, ts13 complementation

    PMID:24927529 PMID:25412659

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo role of the H3K27me3-reading pocket not validated
    • Coordination with other DNA-binding modules unresolved
  12. 2018 Medium

    Identified the C-terminal zinc knuckle as a second DNA-binding module required for TFIID promoter occupancy, transcription, and cell viability.

    Evidence Domain mutagenesis, DNA-binding assays, ChIP, viability assays

    PMID:29545534

    Open questions at the time
    • How multiple DNA modules cooperate not defined
    • Genome-wide promoter dependency not mapped
  13. 2019 Medium

    Extended TAF1's role to leukemic gene regulation by showing it associates with acetylated AML1-ETO and is required for leukemic self-renewal.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP-seq, shRNA knockdown, differentiation/apoptosis assays in AE+ AML cells

    PMID:31664040

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TAF1 enzymatic activities mediate the effect unknown
    • Direct versus TFIID-mediated recruitment unresolved
  14. 2023 High

    Defined how TFIID is built, showing TAF1 acts as a flexible scaffold driving co-translational, hierarchical assembly of preformed submodules onto the nascent polypeptide.

    Evidence RNA immunoprecipitation, single-molecule imaging, proteomics, structure-function analysis

    PMID:37386215

    Open questions at the time
    • How assembly couples to nuclear import not defined
    • Quality control of misassembled complexes unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How TAF1's three distinct enzymatic activities (HAT, kinase, ubiquitin) are coordinated within a single TFIID scaffold and selectively deployed at specific promoters in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No integrated model linking enzymatic switching to gene selectivity
  • Physiological triggers governing each activity in cells not defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 7 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0016740 transferase activity 3 GO:0016874 ligase activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0042393 histone binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005730 nucleolus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2
Partners
CCND1JUNMDM2RAP74RB1TAF7TBPUBF
Complex memberships
TFIID

Evidence

Reading pass · 40 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 TAF1 (TAFII250) possesses intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in vitro, acetylating histones H3 and H4. HAT activity maps to the central, most conserved portion of the protein. Drosophila and yeast homologs share this activity. In vitro HAT assay with recombinant protein and histone substrates; domain mapping by deletion analysis Cell High 8980232
1993 Human TAFII250 (TAF1) binds directly to TBP both in vitro and in yeast, and participates in TFIID complex formation, serving as a scaffold for complex assembly. Recombinant protein binding assays in vitro and in yeast two-hybrid/functional complementation; co-immunoprecipitation Nature High 7680771
1996 TAF1 (TAFII250) is a bipartite serine protein kinase that selectively phosphorylates RAP74 (large subunit of TFIIF) but not other basal transcription factors. The protein contains two distinct kinase domains, each capable of autophosphorylation, but both N- and C-terminal kinase domains are required for efficient trans-phosphorylation of RAP74. In vitro kinase assay with purified recombinant TAFII250 and RAP74; deletion analysis of kinase domains Cell High 8625415
2004 TAF1 phosphorylates p53 at Thr-55 in vivo, promoting p53 degradation and G1 cell cycle progression. Substitution of Thr-55 with alanine stabilizes p53 and impairs TAF1-induced G1 progression. RNAi-mediated TAF1 ablation and pharmacological inhibition of TAF1 kinase activity markedly reduced Thr-55 phosphorylation. In vivo phosphorylation assay, site-directed mutagenesis (T55A), RNAi knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, kinase inhibitor treatment Molecular cell High 15053879
2013 TAF1 phosphorylates p53 at Thr55, causing p53 dissociation from the p21 promoter and inactivation of transcription late in the DNA damage response. Cellular ATP levels act as a molecular switch for Thr55 phosphorylation; PARP-1-dependent ATP depletion upon DNA damage reduces TAF1 kinase activity. ChIP-seq showed genome-wide dissociation of p53 from promoters as cells recover. In vivo kinase assay, ChIP-seq, ATP depletion experiments, PARP-1 inhibition Molecular cell High 24289924
2005 TAF1 directly contacts the downstream core element (DCE) of the human beta-globin promoter in a sequence-dependent manner, as demonstrated by UV photo-cross-linking. DCE function is recapitulated in a TFIID-dependent manner. UV photo-cross-linking, promoter deletion/mutagenesis, in vitro transcription Molecular and cellular biology Medium 16227614
2013 Crystal structure (1.97 Å) and NMR analysis of yeast TAF1 N-terminal domains TAND1 and TAND2 bound to TBP revealed that TAND1 occupies TBP's concave DNA-binding surface using anchor residues similar to Mot1, while TAND2 uses an aromatic and acidic anchoring pattern to bind a conserved TBP surface groove. These interactions regulate TBP-DNA binding. X-ray crystallography, NMR, mutational analysis, in vitro binding assays Nature structural & molecular biology High 23851461
2014 Crystal structure of the human TAF1 central core domain in complex with TAF7 revealed an inter-digitated compact architecture with a TAF1 winged-helix (WH) domain mounted on a heterodimeric triple barrel. The TAF1 WH domain has intrinsic DNA-binding activity; mutations of key WH residues compromise DNA binding and abrogate rescue of the ts13 mutant phenotype. The ts13 mutant residue is buried at the junction of the two structural domains. X-ray crystallography, DNA-binding assays, mutagenesis, ts13 complementation assay Cell research High 25412659
2014 Crystal structure of yeast TAF1-TAF7 complex at 2.9 Å revealed novel architecture with large hydrophobic heterodimer interface and extensive cofolding. The TAF1-TAF7 complex surface contains a pocket that selectively binds an inhibitory trimethylated histone H3 mark on Lys27, in a manner regulated by phosphorylation at neighboring H3 serine, suggesting TFIID reads epigenetic marks to regulate PIC assembly. X-ray crystallography, histone peptide binding assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 24927529
2000 TAF1 acetyltransferase activity is required for cell cycle progression. Mutagenesis of the acetyl-CoA binding site in TAF1 produces a protein with significantly reduced HAT activity but retained TBP and TAF150 binding. This HAT-deficient mutant cannot complement ts13 cell cycle arrest or transcriptional defects. The ts13 allele of TAF1 has temperature-sensitive HAT activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of acetyl-CoA binding site, in vitro HAT assay, ts13 complementation, transcription assay Molecular and cellular biology High 10648598
1998 Point mutations within two patches in the TAF1 N-terminal kinase domain (aa 1–414) decrease both autophosphorylation and trans-phosphorylation activities. TAF1 bearing these kinase domain mutations shows significantly reduced ability to rescue ts13 cells and impairs transcription from the cyclin A and cdc2 promoters in vivo. Site-directed mutagenesis of kinase domain, in vitro kinase assay, ts13 complementation, promoter-reporter transcription assays Molecular cell High 9660973
1995 TAF1 (TAFII250) specifically interacts with RAP74 subunit of TFIIF. In vivo complementation of temperature-sensitive TAFII250 cells shows that the RAP74 interaction is critical for cell viability. Binding interfaces between TAFII250 and RAP74 were mapped using in vitro binding assays. In vitro binding assays (GST pulldown, far-western), in vivo complementation of ts13 cells Genes & development Medium 7590250
1997 Transcription of the cyclin A gene is directed by ATF family activators in a TAFII250-dependent manner. The cyclin A TSRE enhancer element confers TAFII250 dependence; chimeric promoter constructs demonstrate TAFII250 is required both for upstream activator function (ATF binding) and core promoter activity. Temperature-sensitive ts13 cell system, chimeric promoter analysis, transient transfection, microsequencing of purified TSRE-binding proteins Genes & development Medium 9334328
1995 Rb (retinoblastoma protein) binds directly to hTAFII250 both in vitro and in vivo. This interaction is required for Rb-stimulated Sp1-mediated transcription, which is disrupted at the nonpermissive temperature in ts13 cells and restored by wild-type TAFII250. GST pulldown (in vitro binding), co-immunoprecipitation (in vivo), ts13 complementation with transcription assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 7724524
1999 Rb inhibits the intrinsic bipartite kinase activity of TAFII250, including autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of RAP74. Inhibition requires the Rb pocket domain (aa 379–928) and specifically targets the N-terminal kinase domain through direct protein-protein interaction. Two tumor-derived Rb pocket mutants (C706F, Δex22) are defective for kinase inhibition despite retaining TAFII250 binding. In vitro kinase assay with immunopurified and recombinant TAFII250, Rb domain deletion analysis, tumor-derived mutant analysis Molecular and cellular biology Medium 9858607
1997 MDM2 C-terminal Ring finger domain binds TAFII250/CCG1, while its central acidic domain binds TBP. MDM2 binding to TAFII250 correlates with MDM2 activation of the cyclin A promoter but not c-fos. Deletion of the MDM2 C-terminal region abolishes activation. Co-immunoprecipitation from mammalian cells, GST pulldown in vitro, promoter-reporter transcription assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9388200
2001 TAFII55 binds to the RAP74-binding domain of TAFII250 (aa 848-1279) and inhibits its acetyltransferase activity. Addition of recombinant TAFII55 to in vitro transcription assays inhibits TAFII250-dependent MHC class I transcription. Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro HAT assay, in vitro transcription assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 11592977
2012 TAF7 binding to TAF1 inhibits TAF1 HAT activity; TAF1-mediated phosphorylation of TAF7 at Ser-264 disrupts the TAF1/TAF7 interaction within TFIID, leading to activation of TAF1 HAT activity, increased histone H3 acetylation at cyclin D1 and cyclin A promoters, and stimulation of their transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, HAT activity assay, site-directed mutagenesis (S264A and S264D phosphomutants), ChIP, siRNA knockdown, overexpression Molecular and cellular biology High 22711989
2001 c-Jun binds with high specificity to the N-terminal 163 amino acids of TAF1 (TAFII250). This same region represses TBP-DNA binding activity. c-Jun blocks TBP repression by the TAF1 N-terminus, derepressing TFIID-driven transcription in vitro, providing a mechanism for c-Jun-mediated transcriptional activation. In vitro binding assays, EMSA, in vitro transcription reconstitution, mapping with N-terminal domain fragments The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11316804
2004 The bZIP domain of c-Jun (basic leucine zipper) is necessary and sufficient for interaction with the N-terminus of hsTAF1, and the isolated bZIP domain can derepress TFIID-directed basal transcription in vitro. c-Fos alone does not interact with hsTAF1, but c-Fos/c-Jun heterodimers do bind. In vitro binding assay, in vitro transcription, domain mapping of c-Jun The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15087451
2010 TAF1 directly binds Pax3 and mediates its monoubiquitination via TAF1's ubiquitin-activating/conjugating (E1/E2) activity. TAF1 overexpression increases monoubiquitinated Pax3 and its proteasomal degradation; TAF1 depletion reduces Pax3 monoubiquitination, increases Pax3 protein levels, and inhibits myogenic differentiation and myoblast migration. GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, TAF1 overexpression/knockdown, differentiation and migration assays Molecular cell High 21145483
1999 Cyclin D1 associates with TAFII250 (TAF1) N-terminal domain (aa 1–434) both in mammalian cells and in baculovirus-infected insect cells, and in vitro via GST pulldown. The N-terminus of cyclin D1 (aa 1–100) is sufficient for this interaction and for repressing Sp1-mediated transcription. Rb or CDK4 overexpression reduces the level of TAFII250-cyclin D1 complex. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, promoter-reporter transcription assays, domain deletion analysis Oncogene Medium 9926939
2007 TAFII250 stimulates Mdm2-dependent ubiquitylation and degradation of p53. Mechanistically, TAFII250 downregulates Mdm2 auto-ubiquitylation leading to Mdm2 stabilization, and promotes p53-Mdm2 association through the acidic domain of Mdm2. TAFII250 inactivation in ts13 cells leads to p53 induction and cell cycle arrest. Ubiquitylation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, ts13 temperature-shift experiments Oncogene Medium 17237821
2006 Alternative pre-mRNA splicing of Drosophila TAF1 generates four mRNAs (TAF1-1 to TAF1-4). TAF1-2 and TAF1-4 encode proteins with AT-hook DNA-binding motifs. Ionizing-radiation-induced upregulation of TAF1-3 and TAF1-4 is mediated by ATM and CHK2; camptothecin-induced upregulation is mediated by ATR and CHK1, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibitors and RNAi. RT-PCR, RNAi knockdown, pharmacological inhibitors of ATM/ATR/CHK1/CHK2, reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 17030624
2006 Drosophila TAF1 isoforms TAF1-2 and TAF1-4 (bearing two AT-hook motifs, one alternatively spliced) directly bind DNA in the minor groove of AT-rich sequences with preference for AAT, independently of TAF2. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the AT-hook identifies essential Lys and Arg residues for DNA contact. EMSA, alanine-scanning mutagenesis, DNA binding competition assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 16893881
2007 Among general TFIID subunits (TBP, TAF1, TAF4, TAF5, TAF9), only TAF1 colocalizes with the testis-specific tTAF Mia in spermatocyte nucleoli. Nucleolar localization of TAF1 is disrupted in tTAF mutant flies, suggesting stepwise assembly of a testis-specific TFIID complex where a TAF1 isoform (TAF1-2) is recruited to a tTAF core subassembly. Immunofluorescence microscopy in Drosophila testes, analysis of tTAF mutant flies Developmental dynamics Medium 17823958
2002 TAF1 binds directly to the ribosomal DNA transcription activator UBF, colocalizes with UBF in the nucleolus of HeLa cells, and stimulates RNA polymerase I transcription in a dosage-dependent manner in cotransfection and in vitro transcription assays. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, cell fractionation, cotransfection reporter assay, in vitro transcription Current biology Medium 12498690
2004 TAF1 directly interacts with the androgen receptor (AR) N-terminus through its acetyltransferase and ubiquitin-activating/conjugating (E1/E2) domains. TAF1 and AR colocalize on the PSA promoter/enhancer. TAF1 overexpression enhances AR transcriptional activity and increases polyubiquitinated AR levels; TAF1 knockdown decreases AR transactivation. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, transactivation assays, siRNA knockdown Molecular endocrinology Medium 20181722
2004 Inactivation of TAF1 in ts13 cells activates an ATR-mediated DNA damage response: ATR rapidly localizes to subnuclear foci, and downstream targets including p53 and Chk1 are phosphorylated, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest. Dominant negative ATR (but not dominant negative ATM) overrides the G1 arrest. Immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, caffeine inhibition, dominant negative ATR/ATM expression, ts13 temperature-shift Molecular and cellular biology Medium 15169897
2023 Human TFIID biogenesis occurs co-translationally, with all protein heterodimerization steps happening during protein synthesis. TAF1 acts as a flexible scaffold that drives co-translational recruitment of TFIID submodules preassembled in the cytoplasm, with the complex assembling onto the nascent TAF1 polypeptide in a hierarchical multistep manner. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), single-molecule imaging, proteomics, structure-function analysis Nature structural & molecular biology High 37386215
2005 TAF1 HAT activity is required for histone H3 acetylation at the cyclin D1 promoter (but not c-fos), facilitating transcription factor binding to Sp1 sites and activating cyclin D1 transcription and G1-to-S phase progression. HAT-deficient TAF1 mutants (Δ844-850, Δ848-850) cannot complement ts13 cell cycle arrest or cyclin D1 transcription. TSA treatment restores activity, indicating H3 acetylation mediates the effect. HAT domain mutagenesis, ChIP, in vivo genomic footprinting, ts13 complementation, trichostatin A treatment Molecular and cellular biology High 15870300
2018 TAF1 zinc knuckle domain in the C-terminal half is a second DNA-binding module that aids recruitment of TFIID to endogenous promoters. Mutations in the zinc knuckle with defects in DNA binding compromise TFIID promoter occupancy, decrease transcription, and reduce cell viability. Domain identification and mutagenesis, DNA binding assays, ChIP, cell viability assays Scientific reports Medium 29545534
2019 TAF1 associates with K43-acetylated AML1-ETO (AE) fusion protein; ChIP-seq shows significant overlap of TAF1 and AE binding sites. TAF1 knockdown alters AE association with chromatin and affects expression of AE-regulated genes. TAF1 is required for leukemic cell self-renewal; its reduction promotes differentiation and apoptosis of AE+ AML cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-seq, shRNA knockdown, gene expression analysis, differentiation/apoptosis assays Nature communications Medium 31664040
2019 SRRM4/nSR100 splicing factor promotes inclusion of the neuronal microexon 34' into TAF1 mRNA through recognition of UGC sequences in the polypyrimidine tract upstream of the microexon. Knockdown and ectopic expression of SRRM4 in cells directly regulate microexon 34' inclusion, generating a neuronal-specific TAF1 isoform. RNAi knockdown, ectopic expression, isoform-specific RT-PCR and antibodies, mutagenesis of splicing elements RNA biology Medium 31559909
2002 Human TAF1L (a retroposed TAF1 homolog expressed specifically in testis) can bind TBP and functionally substitute for TAF1 by rescuing the temperature-sensitive lethality of TAFII250-mutant hamster cells. TAF1L lacks introns and arose by retroposition of a processed TAF1 mRNA. TBP binding assay, ts13 complementation assay, expression analysis Human molecular genetics Medium 12217962
2004 NMR and mutagenesis of yeast TAF1 TAND1 (residues 10–37) and TAND2 (residues 46–71) showed that TAND1 (two alpha-helices) interacts with the concave DNA-binding surface of TBP, while TAND2 (mini beta-sheet) interacts with the convex TBP alpha-helix 2. The minimal region for GAL4-dependent transcriptional activation corresponds to the first TAND1 helix. NMR structure determination, mutagenesis, yeast genetic assay, in vitro binding Journal of molecular biology High 15165843
2003 The cytoplasmic domain of Xenopus NF-protocadherin (NFPC) binds TAF1/SET (a histone-associated protein). NFPC and TAF1 co-precipitate from embryo extracts; TAF1 rescues ectodermal disruptions caused by dominant-negative NFPC. Antisense morpholino knockdown of either NFPC or TAF1 produces identical ectodermal defects. Co-immunoprecipitation from Xenopus embryos, rescue experiment, antisense morpholino knockdown Developmental cell Medium 12636922
2000 High-density gene profiling in ts13 cells revealed that at least 18% of genes are differentially expressed at the restrictive temperature (TAF1 acetyltransferase inactivation). Approximately 6% of genes require a functional TAF1 N-terminal kinase domain, and only ~1% of those also require TAF1 acetyltransferase activity, indicating the two enzymatic activities regulate largely non-overlapping gene sets. Microarray gene profiling in ts13 cells with N-terminal kinase domain mutants vs. acetyltransferase domain mutants Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 10716982
2000 Cyclin D1 suppresses Rb-mediated inhibition of TAFII250 kinase activity: when cyclin D1 is coincubated with Rb and TAFII250, Rb's ability to inhibit TAFII250 kinase is blocked. Cyclin D1 acts through its association with TAFII250 (not Rb). The related protein p107 can also inhibit TAFII250 kinase, an effect likewise alleviated by cyclin D1. In vitro kinase assay with purified proteins, co-immunoprecipitation Oncogene Medium 11126356
2004 TAF1 TAF-N terminal domain (TAND1) undergoes induced folding from a largely unstructured to globular state upon binding TBP, occupying TBP's DNA-binding surface and inhibiting TBP-DNA interaction (previously established in Drosophila). In yeast, TAND1 first helix and TAND2 beta-sheet mediate the concave and convex TBP surface interactions respectively. NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis, in vitro binding assays, yeast genetic assays Journal of molecular biology High 15165843

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 The TAF(II)250 subunit of TFIID has histone acetyltransferase activity. Cell 629 8980232
1993 Cloning and expression of human TAFII250: a TBP-associated factor implicated in cell-cycle regulation. Nature 228 7680771
2007 Reduced neuron-specific expression of the TAF1 gene is associated with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. American journal of human genetics 201 17273961
1993 The p250 subunit of native TATA box-binding factor TFIID is the cell-cycle regulatory protein CCG1. Nature 185 8450888
1996 TAFII250 is a bipartite protein kinase that phosphorylates the base transcription factor RAP74. Cell 184 8625415
1991 A tobacco bZip transcription activator (TAF-1) binds to a G-box-like motif conserved in plant genes. The EMBO journal 159 2050116
2017 Disease onset in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism correlates with expansion of a hexameric repeat within an SVA retrotransposon in TAF1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 140 29229810
1991 The human CCG1 gene, essential for progression of the G1 phase, encodes a 210-kilodalton nuclear DNA-binding protein. Molecular and cellular biology 125 2038334
2004 Phosphorylation on Thr-55 by TAF1 mediates degradation of p53: a role for TAF1 in cell G1 progression. Molecular cell 104 15053879
1995 Distinct presynaptic metabotropic receptors for L-AP4 and CCG1 on GABAergic terminals: pharmacological evidence using novel alpha-methyl derivative mGluR antagonists, MAP4 and MCCG, in the rat thalamus in vivo. Neuroscience 104 7753406
2015 TAF1 Variants Are Associated with Dysmorphic Features, Intellectual Disability, and Neurological Manifestations. American journal of human genetics 97 26637982
2005 Functional characterization of core promoter elements: the downstream core element is recognized by TAF1. Molecular and cellular biology 90 16227614
1988 Molecular cloning of the cDNA of human X chromosomal gene (CCG1) which complements the temperature-sensitive G1 mutants, tsBN462 and ts13, of the BHK cell line. The EMBO journal 85 3169001
2001 TAF(II)250: a transcription toolbox. Journal of cell science 84 11686293
1997 TAFII250-dependent transcription of cyclin A is directed by ATF activator proteins. Genes & development 79 9334328
1999 Identification of a fungal triacetylfusarinine C siderophore transport gene (TAF1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a member of the major facilitator superfamily. Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 78 10816729
1997 The ts13 mutation in the TAF(II)250 subunit (CCG1) of TFIID directly affects transcription of D-type cyclin genes in cells arrested in G1 at the nonpermissive temperature. Molecular and cellular biology 78 9154827
2002 Functional substitution for TAF(II)250 by a retroposed homolog that is expressed in human spermatogenesis. Human molecular genetics 77 12217962
1993 Identification of three residues in the basic regions of the bZIP proteins GCN4, C/EBP and TAF-1 that are involved in specific DNA binding. The EMBO journal 71 8458331
1997 The MDM2 C-terminal region binds to TAFII250 and is required for MDM2 regulation of the cyclin A promoter. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 9388200
2006 ATM and ATR pathways signal alternative splicing of Drosophila TAF1 pre-mRNA in response to DNA damage. Molecular and cellular biology 61 17030624
1994 The CCG1/TAFII250 gene is mutated in thermosensitive G1 mutants of the BHK21 cell line derived from golden hamster. Gene 61 8163200
2013 High-resolution structure of TBP with TAF1 reveals anchoring patterns in transcriptional regulation. Nature structural & molecular biology 60 23851461
2000 Requirement for TAF(II)250 acetyltransferase activity in cell cycle progression. Molecular and cellular biology 60 10648598
1995 Light induction of the clock-controlled gene ccg-1 is not transduced through the circadian clock in Neurospora crassa. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 57 7753024
1999 Cyclin D1 associates with the TBP-associated factor TAF(II)250 to regulate Sp1-mediated transcription. Oncogene 56 9926939
2008 NF-protocadherin and TAF1 regulate retinal axon initiation and elongation in vivo. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 55 18171927
1995 The retinoblastoma-susceptibility gene product binds directly to the human TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAFII250. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 55 7724524
1995 Human TAFII250 interacts with RAP74: implications for RNA polymerase II initiation. Genes & development 54 7590250
2000 Different functional domains of TAFII250 modulate expression of distinct subsets of mammalian genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 53 10716982
2006 Genome-wide relationships between TAF1 and histone acetyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 52 16537921
2016 Decreased N-TAF1 expression in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism patient-specific neural stem cells. Disease models & mechanisms 51 26769797
2004 RETRACTED: TAF1 activates transcription by phosphorylation of serine 33 in histone H2B. Science (New York, N.Y.) 51 15143281
2013 Phosphorylation of p53 by TAF1 inactivates p53-dependent transcription in the DNA damage response. Molecular cell 50 24289924
2017 Benzoisoquinolinediones as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of BRPF2 and TAF1/TAF1L Bromodomains. Journal of medicinal chemistry 48 28402630
2014 Crystal structure of a TAF1-TAF7 complex in human transcription factor IID reveals a promoter binding module. Cell research 48 25412659
1998 Functional analysis of the human TAFII250 N-terminal kinase domain. Molecular cell 48 9660973
2019 TAF1 plays a critical role in AML1-ETO driven leukemogenesis. Nature communications 46 31664040
2005 TAF1 histone acetyltransferase activity in Sp1 activation of the cyclin D1 promoter. Molecular and cellular biology 45 15870300
2008 ATF-1 transcription factor regulates the expression of ccg-1 and cat-1 genes in response to fludioxonil under OS-2 MAP kinase in Neurospora crassa. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 44 18948219
2010 TAF1 differentially enhances androgen receptor transcriptional activity via its N-terminal kinase and ubiquitin-activating and -conjugating domains. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 43 20181722
2014 Structural and functional insight into TAF1-TAF7, a subcomplex of transcription factor II D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 42 24927529
2018 Genome editing in induced pluripotent stem cells rescues TAF1 levels in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 40 30153385
2022 Differential dependencies of human RNA polymerase II promoters on TBP, TAF1, TFIIB and XPB. Nucleic acids research 39 35947745
2016 Evidence of TAF1 dysfunction in peripheral models of X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 39 26879577
2001 TAFII55 binding to TAFII250 inhibits its acetyltransferase activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 39 11592977
2003 The cytoplasmic domain of Xenopus NF-protocadherin interacts with TAF1/set. Developmental cell 38 12636922
2019 TAF1, associated with intellectual disability in humans, is essential for embryogenesis and regulates neurodevelopmental processes in zebrafish. Scientific reports 37 31341187
2001 c-Jun binds the N terminus of human TAF(II)250 to derepress RNA polymerase II transcription in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 11316804
1995 Apoptosis is induced in BHK cells by the tsBN462/13 mutation in the CCG1/TAFII250 subunit of the TFIID basal transcription factor. Experimental cell research 37 7796884
2010 Taf1 regulates Pax3 protein by monoubiquitination in skeletal muscle progenitors. Molecular cell 35 21145483
2008 A functional genome-wide RNAi screen identifies TAF1 as a regulator for apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. Nucleic acids research 35 18684994
2007 Nucleolar colocalization of TAF1 and testis-specific TAFs during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 34 17823958
2006 A requirement for NF-protocadherin and TAF1/Set in cell adhesion and neural tube formation. Developmental biology 34 16426602
2012 Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin A gene transcription by TFIID subunits TAF1 and TAF7. Molecular and cellular biology 33 22711989
2016 Frameshift Mutations in the Mononucleotide Repeats of TAF1 and TAF1L Genes in Gastric and Colorectal Cancers with Regional Heterogeneity. Pathology oncology research : POR 32 27571988
2002 The cell cycle regulatory factor TAF1 stimulates ribosomal DNA transcription by binding to the activator UBF. Current biology : CB 32 12498690
2012 X-linked dystonia parkinsonism syndrome (XDP, lubag): disease-specific sequence change DSC3 in TAF1/DYT3 affects genes in vesicular transport and dopamine metabolism. Human molecular genetics 31 23184149
2023 Hierarchical TAF1-dependent co-translational assembly of the basal transcription factor TFIID. Nature structural & molecular biology 30 37386215
2004 Structural and functional characterization on the interaction of yeast TFIID subunit TAF1 with TATA-binding protein. Journal of molecular biology 30 15165843
2018 Identification of TAF1, HNF4A, and CALM2 as potential therapeutic target genes for liver fibrosis. Journal of cellular physiology 29 30317608
1998 pX, the HBV-encoded coactivator, suppresses the phenotypes of TBP and TAFII250 mutants. Genes & development 29 9553050
1999 Rb inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAFII250. Molecular and cellular biology 28 9858607
2006 DNA binding properties of TAF1 isoforms with two AT-hooks. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 16893881
1996 D-type cyclin expression is decreased and p21 and p27 CDK inhibitor expression is increased when tsBN462 CCG1/TAFII250 mutant cells arrest in G1 at the restrictive temperature. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 26 9078394
2020 TAF1 Transcripts and Neurofilament Light Chain as Biomarkers for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 25 32975318
2004 Activation of a DNA damage checkpoint response in a TAF1-defective cell line. Molecular and cellular biology 25 15169897
2022 Overexpression of FOXD2-AS1 enhances proliferation and impairs differentiation of glioma stem cells by activating the NOTCH pathway via TAF-1. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 24 35419917
2019 Missense variants in TAF1 and developmental phenotypes: challenges of determining pathogenicity. Human mutation 24 31646703
2003 Transcription factor IID recruitment and Sp1 activation. Dual function of TAF1 in cyclin D1 transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 12569092
2001 Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in CPB2 encoding the thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAF1) with blood pressure. Clinical genetics 24 11903334
2019 The resistance of esophageal cancer cells to paclitaxel can be reduced by the knockdown of long noncoding RNA DDX11-AS1 through TAF1/TOP2A inhibition. American journal of cancer research 23 31720085
2011 Identification and localization of a neuron-specific isoform of TAF1 in rat brain: implications for neuropathology of DYT3 dystonia. Neuroscience 23 21616129
2004 SRC proximal and core promoter elements dictate TAF1 dependence and transcriptional repression by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Molecular and cellular biology 23 14993269
2019 Neuronal-specific microexon splicing of TAF1 mRNA is directly regulated by SRRM4/nSR100. RNA biology 22 31559909
2020 Pathogenic SREK1 decrease in Huntington's disease lowers TAF1 mimicking X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Brain : a journal of neurology 21 32533168
2019 Identification of TAF1, SAT1, and ARHGEF9 as DNA methylation biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of cellular physiology 21 31283007
2010 Novel functions for TAF7, a regulator of TAF1-independent transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 20937824
2018 Zinc knuckle of TAF1 is a DNA binding module critical for TFIID promoter occupancy. Scientific reports 20 29545534
2007 Transcription factor TAFII250 promotes Mdm2-dependent turnover of p53. Oncogene 20 17237821
2007 Structural and functional analysis of the human TAF1/DYT3 multiple transcript system. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 20 17952504
2022 Elucidating Hexanucleotide Repeat Number and Methylation within the X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP)-Related SVA Retrotransposon in TAF1 with Nanopore Sequencing. Genes 19 35052466
2022 Discovery of Dual TAF1-ATR Inhibitors and Ligand-Induced Structural Changes of the TAF1 Tandem Bromodomain. Journal of medicinal chemistry 19 35191694
2012 Sustained expression of a neuron-specific isoform of the Taf1 gene in development stages and aging in mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 22842574
2004 An extensive requirement for transcription factor IID-specific TAF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 14726532
2003 The crystal structure of CCG1/TAF(II)250-interacting factor B (CIB). The Journal of biological chemistry 19 14672934
1999 TAFII250, Egr-1, and D-type cyclin expression in mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with doxorubicin. The American journal of physiology 19 10070062
1989 Regional localization of CCG1 gene which complements hamster cell cycle mutation BN462 to Xq11-Xq13. Somatic cell and molecular genetics 19 2916166
1999 Overexpression of D-type cyclins, E2F-1, SV40 large T antigen and HPV16 E7 rescue cell cycle arrest of tsBN462 cells caused by the CCG1/TAF(II)250 mutation. Oncogene 18 10086334
2000 Cyclin D1 suppresses retinoblastoma protein-mediated inhibition of TAFII250 kinase activity. Oncogene 17 11126356
2021 Dissection of TAF1 neuronal splicing and implications for neurodegeneration in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. Brain communications 16 34746789
2019 TAF1-gene editing alters the morphology and function of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Neurobiology of disease 16 31344492
2021 TAF1 inhibitor Bay-299 induces cell death in acute myeloid leukemia. Translational cancer research 15 35116379
2006 Genome-wide transcriptional dependence on TAF1 functional domains. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 16407318
2004 The basic leucine zipper domain of c-Jun functions in transcriptional activation through interaction with the N terminus of human TATA-binding protein-associated factor-1 (human TAF(II)250). The Journal of biological chemistry 15 15087451
2003 Identification of a novel TATA element-binding protein binding region at the N terminus of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TAF1 protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 12939271
2023 MIAT shuttled by tumor-secreted exosomes promotes paclitaxel resistance in esophageal cancer cells by activating the TAF1/SREBF1 axis. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 14 37132394
2019 Aurora B kinase activity is regulated by SET/TAF1 on Sgo2 at the inner centromere. The Journal of cell biology 14 31527146
2020 SVA insertion in X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism alters histone H3 acetylation associated with TAF1 gene. PloS one 13 33315879
2019 Dual Inhibition of TAF1 and BET Bromodomains from the BI-2536 Kinase Inhibitor Scaffold. ACS medicinal chemistry letters 13 31620231

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