Affinage

CHD3

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler CHD3 · UniProt Q12873

Length
2000 aa
Mass
226.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
71 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CHD3 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme that serves as the catalytic ATPase subunit of a distinct, isoform-specific NuRD complex and functions in transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and developmental cell-fate specification. Its tandem PHD fingers recognize H3K9me3 and H3K9ac marks to target nucleosomes, and its ATPase/helicase domain is sufficient for basal nucleosome translocation, with activity differentially regulated by ADP and IP6 compared to other remodelers (PMID:29020631, PMID:33403747, PMID:28977666). At heterochromatic DNA double-strand breaks, ATM-mediated phosphorylation of KAP-1 disrupts the CHD3 SUMO-interacting motif–SUMO1 interaction, dispersing CHD3 to permit chromatin relaxation and repair; CHD3 is subsequently recruited back to break sites through PARP1-dependent chromatin opening (PMID:21642969, PMID:29733391). De novo missense mutations in the ATPase/helicase domain cause Snijders Blok–Campeau neurodevelopmental syndrome, and in vivo base-editing correction of a recurrent variant in a humanized mouse model restores CHD3 protein levels and rescues behavioral deficits, establishing that CHD3 protein dosage is causally linked to disease (PMID:30397230, PMID:41708849).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2003 Medium

    Identification of physical interactors (Ki-1/57, CGI-55) for CHD3's C-terminal region established that this domain serves as a protein–protein interaction platform beyond the catalytic core.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pulldown, and co-immunoprecipitation from insect cells

    PMID:12505151

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of Ki-1/57 and CGI-55 binding on CHD3 remodeling activity unknown
    • No in vivo validation in mammalian cells
  2. 2007 Medium

    Mapping the CHD3–ERM interaction and showing CHD3 occupancy at the PS1 promoter established CHD3 as a transcription-factor-recruited transcriptional repressor at specific gene loci.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid deletion mapping, reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation

    PMID:17489097

    Open questions at the time
    • Dependence on NuRD complex versus CHD3 alone not tested
    • Endogenous PS1 expression change not measured by orthogonal methods
  3. 2010 Medium

    Demonstration that Drosophila CHD3 remodels chromatin as a monomer and co-localizes with elongating RNA Pol II revealed that CHD3 can function independently of NuRD and participates in active transcription zones.

    Evidence Protein complex analysis, in vitro remodeling, polytene chromosome staining, and targeted gene replacement in Drosophila

    PMID:20439780

    Open questions at the time
    • Drosophila ortholog dispensability may not translate to mammals
    • Mechanism of CHD3 recruitment to active genes unresolved
  4. 2011 High

    Demonstrating that ATM-dependent KAP-1 phosphorylation disperses CHD3 from heterochromatic DSBs by disrupting its SUMO-interacting motif–SUMO1 interaction resolved how heterochromatic DNA breaks become accessible for repair.

    Evidence siRNA depletion, SIM mutagenesis, irradiation-induced foci imaging, chromatin relaxation assays, and co-immunoprecipitation in human cells

    PMID:21642969

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CHD3 dispersal is the sole mechanism enabling heterochromatic repair
    • Role of other SIM-containing remodelers not excluded
  5. 2014 Medium

    Two studies revealed CHD3 as a factor exploited by viruses: CHD3 silences incoming herpes simplex virus genomes via repressive chromatin, and influenza A NS2 hijacks CHD3 to facilitate vRNP nuclear export, broadening CHD3's roles to host–pathogen interactions.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with viral gene expression and propagation assays, co-immunoprecipitation, NES1 mutagenesis, confocal imaging

    PMID:24425734 PMID:25213355

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of NS2–CHD3 interaction unresolved
    • Whether CHD3's antiviral role against HSV extends to other DNA viruses not tested
  6. 2017 High

    Biochemical separation of CHD3-NuRD from CHD4-NuRD as distinct complexes with different remodeling activities, combined with the finding that CHD3's PHD fingers preferentially bind H3K9me3/ac and promote nucleosome unwrapping, defined CHD3-NuRD as a functionally autonomous remodeling complex targeted by histone marks.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry interactome, reciprocal co-IP, in vitro nucleosome unwrapping and remodeling assays, ChIP, heterochromatin imaging

    PMID:28977666 PMID:29020631

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide target specificity differences between CHD3-NuRD and CHD4-NuRD not comprehensively mapped
    • Whether PHD-mark recognition is essential for all CHD3 functions in vivo
  7. 2018 Medium

    Demonstration that CHD3 is recruited to DSBs in a PARP1-dependent but PAR-binding-independent manner, and that CHD3 ortholog loss in C. elegans meiosis causes HR failure with chromosomal fusions, established CHD3 as an active participant in DNA repair at multiple levels.

    Evidence Live-cell fluorescence three-hybrid assay, laser micro-irradiation, siRNA knockdown (human); genetic epistasis, cytological assays (C. elegans)

    PMID:29339410 PMID:29733391

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise substrate specificity of CHD3 at DSBs (which nucleosomes it repositions) unresolved
    • Whether meiotic role is conserved in mammals untested
  8. 2018 High

    Identification of de novo ATPase-domain mutations causing Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome, with in vitro evidence that these mutations impair ATPase and remodeling activities, established CHD3 as a disease gene and linked its enzymatic activity to neurodevelopment.

    Evidence ATPase activity assays, chromatin remodeling assays, structural modeling, whole-genome sequencing of patient cohort

    PMID:30397230

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type-specific downstream gene targets disrupted by SNIBCPS mutations not identified
    • Gain-of-function versus loss-of-function spectrum across all variants not fully resolved
  9. 2021 High

    Reconstitution showing that CHD3's ATPase domain alone suffices for nucleosome translocation and that conserved motif mutations uncouple hydrolysis from translocation clarified the minimal catalytic mechanism and revealed differential regulation by IP6 and ADP compared to SNF2H.

    Evidence In vitro ATPase and nucleosome translocation assays with purified wild-type and mutant ATPase domains, competitive inhibition studies

    PMID:33403747

    Open questions at the time
    • How flanking domains (PHD, chromodomains) allosterically regulate ATPase activity not reconstituted
    • No structural data for CHD3-nucleosome complex
  10. 2024 Medium

    Identification of FBW7 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets CHD3 for proteasomal degradation revealed a post-translational mechanism controlling CHD3 protein levels, with functional consequences for tumor cell migration and drug resistance.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, FBW7 overexpression and knockdown in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

    PMID:39473409

    Open questions at the time
    • Degron motif on CHD3 recognized by FBW7 not mapped
    • Whether FBW7-mediated CHD3 turnover operates in non-cancer contexts unknown
  11. 2025 Medium

    Showing that CHD3 opens chromatin at BMP-responsive enhancers during cranial neural crest specification linked its remodeling activity to a specific developmental signaling pathway and explained how SNIBCPS mutations may derail craniofacial development.

    Evidence CHD3 knockdown in human iPSC-derived CNCC differentiation, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, Wnt titration rescue

    PMID:40835974

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CHD3 acts at BMP enhancers as part of NuRD or independently not determined
    • Direct CHD3 occupancy at BMP enhancers not shown by ChIP
  12. 2026 High

    In vivo base-editing correction of the recurrent SNIBCPS variant in a humanized mouse restored CHD3 protein and rescued behavioral deficits, causally linking CHD3 protein dosage to neurodevelopmental outcome and providing therapeutic proof-of-concept.

    Evidence Humanized Chd3hR1025W/+ knock-in mouse, dual-AAV adenine base editing, behavioral assays, protein quantification

    PMID:41708849

    Open questions at the time
    • Long-term safety and off-target profile of in vivo base editing not characterized
    • Whether correction in other brain regions or at other developmental stages would improve rescue

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A high-resolution structure of CHD3 (or CHD3-NuRD) bound to a nucleosome is lacking, the allosteric regulation of CHD3 ATPase activity by its PHD and chromodomains remains unresolved, and the full spectrum of gain- versus loss-of-function consequences across all SNIBCPS variants has not been systematically defined.
  • No cryo-EM or crystal structure of CHD3–nucleosome complex
  • Allosteric coupling between reader domains and ATPase motor not reconstituted
  • Cell-type-specific target gene programs of CHD3 versus CHD4 NuRD largely uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 2 GO:0042393 histone binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 2
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 5 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2
Partners
FBW7GATAD2AHDAC1HP1KAP1PARP1
Complex memberships
NuRD (CHD3-specific isoform)

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2011 ATM-dependent phosphorylation of KAP-1 at Ser824 disperses CHD3 from heterochromatic DNA double-strand breaks by directly perturbing the interaction between CHD3's SUMO-interacting motif and SUMO1 on KAP-1, thereby enabling chromatin relaxation and DSB repair. CHD3 depletion or inactivation, or ablation of its interaction with KAP-1(SUMO1), bypassed the requirement for pKAP-1 in heterochromatic repair. siRNA depletion, mutagenesis of CHD3 SUMO-interacting motif, irradiation-induced foci imaging, chromatin relaxation assays, co-immunoprecipitation Nature structural & molecular biology High 21642969
2017 CHD3 and CHD4 form distinct, isoform-specific NuRD complexes (each containing either CHD3 or CHD4 as a monomeric ATPase, not both simultaneously). CHD3-NuRD and CHD4-NuRD exhibit different nuclear localization patterns, different nucleosome remodeling and positioning behavior in vitro, and regulate overlapping but distinct sets of target genes. Both complexes interact with HP1 and rapidly accumulate at UV-induced DNA repair sites. Mass spectrometry-based interactome mapping, reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro nucleosome remodeling assays, live-cell fluorescence imaging, UV laser micro-irradiation Nucleic acids research High 28977666
2018 CHD3 is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks in a PAR-dependent manner (dependent on prior PARP1 activity and initial chromatin relaxation by Alc1/CHD1L) and actively contributes to chromatin remodeling at break sites. Recruitment is not mediated by direct PAR binding but by DNA binding after initial relaxation. Live-cell fluorescence three-hybrid assay, laser micro-irradiation, siRNA knockdown, real-time recruitment kinetics imaging Nucleic acids research Medium 29733391
2018 De novo missense mutations clustering in the ATPase/helicase domain of CHD3 cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome (Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome). Experimental assays of six identified mutations showed that a subset directly reduces ATPase activity and all but one alter chromatin remodeling activity in vitro. ATPase activity assays, chromatin remodeling assays, structural modeling of mutation impact on ATPase/helicase domain, whole genome sequencing Nature communications High 30397230
2017 The tandem PHD fingers of CHD3 bind histone H3 tails, and posttranslational modifications that increase hydrophobicity at H3K9 (H3K9me3 or H3K9ac) enhance this interaction. Binding of CHD3 PHDs promotes H3K9Cme3-nucleosome unwrapping in vitro and perturbs pericentric heterochromatin structure in vivo. CHD3 co-localizes with HDAC1 and other NuRD subunits near H3K9ac-enriched promoters of NuRD target genes. In vitro nucleosome unwrapping assay, histone peptide binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, in vivo heterochromatin imaging Cell reports High 29020631
2014 CHD3 localizes to early viral foci upon herpes simplex virus infection and suppresses viral gene expression. CHD3 can recognize repressive histone marks associated with the viral genome chromatin. Depletion of CHD3 results in enhanced viral immediate early gene expression and increased number of transcriptionally active viral genomes, establishing CHD3 as an antiviral chromatin repressor opposing the HCF-1 coactivator complex. siRNA depletion, viral gene expression assays, co-localization imaging, histone mark binding assays mBio Medium 24425734
2003 Two human proteins, Ki-1/57 and CGI-55, interact with the C-terminal region of CHD3 (human chromatin-remodeling factor). The CHD3–CGI-55 interaction was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pulldown, and co-immunoprecipitation from Sf9 insect cells. CGI-55 interacts with CHD3 via two regions at its N- and C-termini. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation from insect cells FEBS letters Medium 12505151
2007 The C-terminal region of CHD3 (amino acids 1676–2000, with critical sequences between residues 1877–1955) interacts with the CIDD region (residues 96–349, critical at 200–343 and 279–299) of the Ets transcription factor ERM, as defined by yeast two-hybrid mapping and deletion analysis. This CHD3 C-terminal fragment represses transcription of the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene in transfection assays and reduces PS1 protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed CHD3 occupancy at the PS1 promoter in vivo. Yeast two-hybrid, deletion mapping, transfection/reporter assays, western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation The FEBS journal Medium 17489097
2014 CHD3 interacts with the nuclear export signal 1 (NES1) of influenza A virus NS2 protein. This interaction localizes NS2 and Crm1 to dense chromatin and is required for efficient vRNP nuclear export. CHD3 knockdown impairs wild-type influenza propagation but not a NES1 mutant virus with weakened NS2-CHD3 interaction, establishing CHD3 as a host factor hijacked for viral vRNP export. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, viral propagation assays, site-directed mutagenesis of NES1, confocal localization Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 25213355
2021 The ATPase domain of CHD3 is sufficient for basal nucleosome remodeling activity at lower ATP concentrations than SNF2H. Mutagenesis of conserved Q- and K-residues in the ATPase domain motifs abolished nucleosome translocation while preserving basal ATP hydrolysis, demonstrating that basal ATPase activity of CHD3 is sufficient for remodeling. CHD3 and SNF2H show differential sensitivity to inhibition by ADP and IP6 (competitive inhibition mode at CHD3 but not SNF2H). In vitro ATPase assays, in vitro nucleosome remodeling/translocation assays, site-directed mutagenesis, competitive inhibition assays with ADP and IP6 The FEBS journal High 33403747
2010 Drosophila CHD3 proteins are found as monomers (not in multi-subunit complexes) and remodel chromatin in vitro as monomers. CHD3 co-localizes with elongating RNA polymerase II on salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Targeted gene replacement deletion of Drosophila Chd3 had no effect on viability or fertility. Protein complex analysis, in vitro chromatin remodeling assays, polytene chromosome immunostaining, targeted gene replacement Genetics Medium 20439780
2020 Global homozygous deletion of Chd3 in mice results in partial lethality prior to weaning. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of Chd3 alone causes no vascular anomalies, and double deletion with Chd4 in endothelial cells does not worsen CHD4-KO phenotypes, indicating CHD3 is dispensable for early vascular development. CHD3 is highly expressed in adult gonads and brain. Conditional gene targeting (floxed allele), Cre-lox endothelial and epiblast deletion, embryonic viability analysis, tissue expression analysis PloS one Medium 32658897
2018 In C. elegans, the CHD3 ortholog CHD-3 (Mi2 homolog) and its paralog LET-418 are components of the NuRD complex and are required for faithful meiotic DSB repair through homologous recombination. Loss of CHD-3 results in elevated CHK-1-dependent germ-line apoptosis, persisting recombination intermediates in late pachytene, and chromosomal fusions indicative of non-homologous end joining, demonstrating a role in maintaining genome integrity during meiosis. Genetic analysis of chd-3 mutants, cytological assays for recombination intermediates, apoptosis assays, double mutant epistasis (chd-3; cku-80) Genetics Medium 29339410
2025 CHD3 promotes BMP signalling during cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) specification by opening chromatin at BMP-responsive cis-regulatory elements and increasing expression of BMP-responsive transcription factors (including DLX paralogs). CHD3 loss causes repression of BMP target genes, loss of chromatin accessibility at BMP-responsive enhancers, and an imbalance between BMP and Wnt signalling, resulting in aberrant early-mesoderm identity instead of CNCC fate. This failure could be partially rescued by titrating Wnt levels. CHD3 knockdown in human iPSC-derived CNCC differentiation, ATAC-seq (chromatin accessibility), RNA-seq, genetic rescue with Wnt titration EMBO reports Medium 40835974
2026 Modeling the recurrent CHD3 variant p.R1025W in a humanized mouse (Chd3hR1025W/+) reduces CHD3 protein levels and recapitulates SNIBCPS behavioral features. In vivo adenine base editing (TadA-embedded ABE via dual AAV) correcting p.R1025W across cortical and hippocampal regions restored CHD3 protein levels and ameliorated behavioral abnormalities, establishing that CHD3 protein dosage is causally linked to the neurobehavioral phenotype. Humanized knock-in mouse model, in vivo dual AAV base editing, behavioral assays, immunostaining, protein quantification Nature High 41708849
2024 FBW7 targets CHD3 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FBW7 overexpression suppresses CHD3 protein levels, and the tumor-promoting effects of CHD3 overexpression (migration, invasion, stemness, oxaliplatin resistance) are attenuated by co-expression of FBW7, establishing FBW7 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that writes ubiquitin on CHD3. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, FBW7 overexpression, cell functional assays (migration, invasion, sphere formation, drug sensitivity) Frontiers in bioscience Medium 39473409

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 71 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 PICKLE is a CHD3 chromatin-remodeling factor that regulates the transition from embryonic to vegetative development in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 363 10570159
2008 Zfh-1 controls somatic stem cell self-renewal in the Drosophila testis and nonautonomously influences germline stem cell self-renewal. Cell stem cell 256 18593558
2011 KAP-1 phosphorylation regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break response. Nature structural & molecular biology 210 21642969
1991 The embryonic expression patterns of zfh-1 and zfh-2, two Drosophila genes encoding novel zinc-finger homeodomain proteins. Mechanisms of development 165 1680377
1991 The Drosophila zfh-1 and zfh-2 genes encode novel proteins containing both zinc-finger and homeodomain motifs. Mechanisms of development 154 1680376
2009 CHD3 proteins and polycomb group proteins antagonistically determine cell identity in Arabidopsis. PLoS genetics 137 19680533
2011 The CHD3 chromatin remodeler PICKLE and polycomb group proteins antagonistically regulate meristem activity in the Arabidopsis root. The Plant cell 130 21441433
2012 The CHD3 remodeler PICKLE associates with genes enriched for trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27. Plant physiology 125 22452853
2000 Differential expression and function of members of the zfh-1 family of zinc finger/homeodomain repressors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 125 10841546
1997 ZEB, a vertebrate homolog of Drosophila Zfh-1, is a negative regulator of muscle differentiation. The EMBO journal 125 9233803
2008 The CHD3 remodeler PICKLE promotes trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27. The Journal of biological chemistry 112 18539592
1998 zfh-1 is required for germ cell migration and gonadal mesoderm development in Drosophila. Development (Cambridge, England) 102 9435286
2018 CHD3 helicase domain mutations cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome with macrocephaly and impaired speech and language. Nature communications 94 30397230
1993 Loss of function of the Drosophila zfh-1 gene results in abnormal development of mesodermally derived tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 8097886
2017 CHD3 and CHD4 form distinct NuRD complexes with different yet overlapping functionality. Nucleic acids research 90 28977666
1999 zfh-1, the Drosophila homologue of ZEB, is a transcriptional repressor that regulates somatic myogenesis. Molecular and cellular biology 86 10490660
2012 CHD3 protein recognizes and regulates methylated histone H3 lysines 4 and 27 over a subset of targets in the rice genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85 22451926
1999 The Drosophila homeobox genes zfh-1 and even-skipped are required for cardiac-specific differentiation of a numb-dependent lineage decision. Development (Cambridge, England) 74 10375513
2012 Revealing the stereospecific chemistry of the reaction of Cl with aligned CHD₃(ν₁ = 1). Nature chemistry 69 22824895
2018 CHD3 and CHD4 recruitment and chromatin remodeling activity at DNA breaks is promoted by early poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent chromatin relaxation. Nucleic acids research 57 29733391
2003 Characterization of a new family of proteins that interact with the C-terminal region of the chromatin-remodeling factor CHD-3. FEBS letters 55 12505151
2020 A second cohort of CHD3 patients expands the molecular mechanisms known to cause Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 37 32483341
2017 Covalent Modifications of Histone H3K9 Promote Binding of CHD3. Cell reports 37 29020631
1995 Expression of zfh-4, a new member of the zinc finger-homeodomain family, in developing brain and muscle. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 36 7537552
2015 CHR729 Is a CHD3 Protein That Controls Seedling Development in Rice. PloS one 34 26398683
2019 Wheat CHD3 protein TaCHR729 regulates the cuticular wax biosynthesis required for stimulating germination of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. Journal of experimental botany 33 30364999
2019 Mutations in the Rice OsCHR4 Gene, Encoding a CHD3 Family Chromatin Remodeler, Induce Narrow and Rolled Leaves with Increased Cuticular Wax. International journal of molecular sciences 28 31130602
2008 Divergent evolution of CHD3 proteins resulted in MOM1 refining epigenetic control in vascular plants. PLoS genetics 26 18725928
2022 The transcriptional repressors VAL1 and VAL2 mediate genome-wide recruitment of the CHD3 chromatin remodeler PICKLE in Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 24 35866997
2022 Inherited variants in CHD3 show variable expressivity in Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 23 35346573
2014 CHD3 facilitates vRNP nuclear export by interacting with NES1 of influenza A virus NS2. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 22 25213355
2000 Kheper, a novel ZFH/deltaEF1 family member, regulates the development of the neuroectoderm of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Developmental biology 22 11087624
2018 The Rice Rolled Fine Striped (RFS) CHD3/Mi-2 Chromatin Remodeling Factor Epigenetically Regulates Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress Responses During Leaf Development. Frontiers in plant science 21 29616070
2000 The mouse ZFH-4 protein contains four homeodomains and twenty-two zinc fingers. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 10873665
2018 Dissociation of CHD3 on Cu(111), Cu(211), and single atom alloys of Cu(111). The Journal of chemical physics 18 30553257
2014 Epigenetic repression of herpes simplex virus infection by the nucleosome remodeler CHD3. mBio 17 24425734
2022 Vibrational control of the reaction pathway in the H + CHD3 → H2 + CD3 reaction. Science advances 16 35353570
2018 Maintenance of Genome Integrity by Mi2 Homologs CHD-3 and LET-418 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 16 29339410
2016 Cross-Talk Between Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations Is Promoted by CHD3 Chromatin Remodelers in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 16 27075727
2014 Differential expression and sex chromosome association of CHD3/4 and CHD5 during spermatogenesis. PloS one 16 24849318
2005 Novel transcription factor zfh-5 is negatively regulated by its own antisense RNA in mouse brain. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 16 16257534
2016 CHD3 chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE regulates floral transition partially via modulating LEAFY expression at the chromatin level in Arabidopsis. Science China. Life sciences 14 27056257
2007 Differentiation of the Drosophila serotonergic lineage depends on the regulation of Zfh-1 by Notch and Eagle. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 14 17702602
2003 Embryonic enhancers in the dpp disk region regulate a second round of Dpp signaling from the dorsal ectoderm to the mesoderm that represses Zfh-1 expression in a subset of pericardial cells. Developmental biology 14 14512024
2021 Hypersociability associated with developmental delay, macrocephaly and facial dysmorphism points to CHD3 mutations. European journal of medical genetics 12 33571694
2020 A de novo CHD3 variant in a child with intellectual disability, autism, joint laxity, and dysmorphisms. Brain & development 12 33358638
2014 Correlated Dynamics of the O((3)P) + CHD3(v=0) Reaction: A Joint Crossed-Beam and Quasiclassical Trajectory Study. The journal of physical chemistry. A 12 25455856
2010 Molecular genetic analysis of Chd3 and polytene chromosome region 76B-D in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 10 20439780
2021 Zfh-2 facilitates Notch-induced apoptosis in the CNS and appendages of Drosophila melanogaster. Developmental biology 9 33705738
2023 Snijders Blok-Campeau Syndrome: Description of 20 Additional Individuals with Variants in CHD3 and Literature Review. Genes 7 37761804
2022 A novel CHD3 variant in a patient with central precocious puberty: Expanded phenotype of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome? American journal of medical genetics. Part A 7 36565043
2011 Restricted expression of chromatin remodeling associated factor Chd3 during tooth root development. Journal of periodontal research 7 21972924
2020 The chromatin-remodeling enzyme CHD3 plays a role in embryonic viability but is dispensable for early vascular development. PloS one 6 32658897
2007 The C-terminal region of CHD3/ZFH interacts with the CIDD region of the Ets transcription factor ERM and represses transcription of the human presenilin 1 gene. The FEBS journal 6 17489097
2021 Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome caused by CHD3 gene mutation: a case report. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 5 34535214
2024 Novel genotypes and phenotypes in Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome caused by CHD3 mutations. Frontiers in genetics 4 39050258
2024 FBW7-Mediated Degradation of CHD3 Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis and Stemness to Enhance Oxaliplatin Sensitivity. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) 4 39473409
2023 A severe neurocognitive phenotype caused by biallelic CHD3 variants in two siblings. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 3 38116750
2025 The NuRD component CHD3 promotes BMP signalling during cranial neural crest cell specification. EMBO reports 2 40835974
2024 Insights From a Novel Splicing Variant and Recurrent Arginine Variants in the CHD3 Gene Causing Snijders Blok-Campeau Syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2 39542866
2021 The Rice CHD3/Mi-2 Chromatin Remodeling Factor Rolled Fine Striped Promotes Flowering Independent of Photoperiod. International journal of molecular sciences 2 33525623
2020 Combined in silico analysis identified a putative tooth root formation-related gene, Chd3, which regulates DNA synthesis in HERS01a cells. Odontology 2 32026140
2026 In vivo base editing of Chd3 rescues behavioural abnormalities in mice. Nature 1 41708849
2025 Neurobehavioral profile of individuals with pathogenic variants in CHD3. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 1 40830229
2026 A conserved C. elegans zinc finger-homeodomain protein, ZFH-2, continuously required for structural integrity and function of alimentary tract and gonad. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41648380
2026 Identification of an episignature for CHD3-related Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome reveals heterogeneity in the CHARGE syndrome episignature: towards a better characterisation of chromatinopathies. Genome medicine 0 41952182
2026 A conserved C. elegans zinc finger homeodomain protein, ZFH-2, is continuously required for the structural integrity and function of the alimentary tract and gonad. Development (Cambridge, England) 0 41954129
2025 Infantile spasm, an unreported epilepsy form of CHD3 gene: A case report. Medicine 0 40527848
2024 Rice CHD3/Mi-2 chromatin remodeling factor RFS regulates vascular development and root formation by modulating the transcription of auxin-related genes NAL1 and OsPIN1. BMB reports 0 39044456
2024 CHD3-related Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome with Spastic Paraplegia, Ataxia, and Situs Inversus. European journal of medical genetics 0 39709005
2021 Sequence and functional differences in the ATPase domains of CHD3 and SNF2H promise potential for selective regulability and drugability. The FEBS journal 0 33403747