Affinage

STX10

Syntaxin-10 · UniProt O60499

Length
249 aa
Mass
28.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
21 papers in source corpus 3 papers cited in narrative 3 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

STX10 is a trans-Golgi network (TGN)-localized t-SNARE that mediates the specific retrograde transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) from endosomes to the TGN (PMID:9446797, PMID:18195106). It was originally cloned as a syntaxin family member and localized to the TGN, where it colocalizes with the Golgi SNARE GS28 and is dispersed by brefeldin A but not wortmannin (PMID:9446797). STX10 assembles into a quaternary SNARE complex with STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3, and its depletion causes MPR missorting and hypersecretion of hexosaminidase, defining a route distinct from the STX6-dependent pathway used by TGN46 and cholera toxin (PMID:18195106). This pathway is supported by the tether GCC185, which binds directly to STX16 in a manner competed by Rab6, consistent with GCC185 aiding delivery of Rab9-bearing vesicles to the TGN (PMID:18195106). Notably, mouse and rat cells lack STX10 and use a different t-SNARE for this process (PMID:18195106). Beyond this retrograde trafficking role, no further mechanistic detail has been characterized in the available corpus.

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 3 steps
  1. 1998 Medium

    Establishing where a newly identified syntaxin acts was the first step; cloning STX10 and localizing it to the TGN placed it within the secretory/endosomal membrane system.

    Evidence Indirect immunofluorescence and colocalization with Golgi marker GS28, with brefeldin A and wortmannin perturbation

    PMID:9446797

    Open questions at the time
    • No SNARE partners or transport step identified
    • No functional assay linking localization to a trafficking pathway
  2. 2008 High

    Defined the molecular machinery and cargo specificity of STX10, showing it forms a distinct SNARE complex governing MPR retrograde transport rather than generic TGN traffic.

    Evidence siRNA depletion, reciprocal co-IP, hexosaminidase secretion and MPR trafficking assays, and direct GCC185-STX16 binding with Rab6 competition across multiple cell lines

    PMID:18195106

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the STX10/STX16/Vti1a/VAMP3 complex not resolved
    • Identity of the t-SNARE used by mouse/rat cells lacking STX10 unknown
    • Mechanism by which GCC185-Rab6 regulation couples to vesicle delivery not fully defined
  3. 2021 Low

    Probed STX10's wider interactome and infection-context behavior, identifying a candidate interaction with VAPB while exposing limitations of tagged constructs.

    Evidence BioID proximity labeling and fluorescence microscopy of BirA*-STX10 fusions during Chlamydia trachomatis and Coxiella burnetii infection

    PMID:34323972

    Open questions at the time
    • STX10-VAPB interaction not confirmed by an orthogonal method
    • BirA* tag altered STX10 localization, making the construct unreliable for infection trafficking studies
    • Functional consequence of any STX10-VAPB interaction unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How STX10-dependent retrograde transport is regulated structurally and integrated with other interactors remains open.
  • No structural model of the STX10 SNARE complex
  • Physiological significance of the STX10-VAPB proximity interaction unestablished

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 1
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 1
Partners
GCC185STX16VAMP3VAPBVTI1A
Complex memberships
STX10/STX16/Vti1a/VAMP3 SNARE complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 3 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 STX10 (hsyn10) was cloned as a new syntaxin family member and localized to the trans-Golgi network by indirect immunofluorescence, with colocalization with the Golgi SNARE GS28; brefeldin A (but not wortmannin) treatment disrupted its staining pattern, confirming TGN localization. Indirect immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation/colocalization with Golgi markers, brefeldin A and wortmannin pharmacological perturbation Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9446797
2008 STX10 forms a SNARE complex with STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3 that is specifically required for retrograde transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network; depletion of STX10 causes MPR missorting and hypersecretion of hexosaminidase. This STX10-dependent route is distinct from the STX6-dependent route used by TGN46 and cholera toxin. Mouse and rat cells lack STX10 and must use a different t-SNARE for this process. Additionally, the tether GCC185 binds directly to STX16 and this interaction is competed by Rab6, supporting a model in which GCC185 helps Rab9-bearing vesicles deliver cargo to the trans-Golgi. siRNA depletion, co-immunoprecipitation, hexosaminidase secretion assay, MPR trafficking assay, direct binding assay (GCC185–STX16), Rab6 competition assay The Journal of cell biology High 18195106
2021 Using BioID proximity labeling, a novel protein-protein interaction between STX10 and VAPB was identified. However, addition of the BirA* tag altered STX10 localization during Chlamydia trachomatis and Coxiella burnetii infection, indicating the fusion construct is not reliable for studying STX10 trafficking dynamics during intracellular pathogen infection. BioID proximity labeling, fluorescence microscopy of BirA*-Stx10 fusion constructs during infection Pathogens and disease Low 34323972

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 21 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2019 Genomic and transcriptomic association studies identify 16 novel susceptibility loci for venous thromboembolism. Blood 185 31420334
2008 A syntaxin 10-SNARE complex distinguishes two distinct transport routes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi in human cells. The Journal of cell biology 144 18195106
2011 Genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis in maize. BMC genomics 47 21718468
2004 Narcotic antagonists in drug dependence: pilot study showing enhancement of compliance with SYN-10, amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition therapy. Medical hypotheses 47 15288384
2020 A combination of linkage mapping and GWAS brings new elements on the genetic basis of yield-related traits in maize across multiple environments. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 44 32594266
1998 Syntaxin 10: a member of the syntaxin family localized to the trans-Golgi network. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 38 9446797
2017 Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis for Deep-Sowing Germination Ability in the Maize IBM Syn10 DH Population. Frontiers in plant science 31 28588594
2019 Combined GWAS and QTL analysis for dissecting the genetic architecture of kernel test weight in maize. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 27 31807910
2022 QTL Mapping Low-Temperature Germination Ability in the Maize IBM Syn10 DH Population. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 17 35050102
2020 Combined linkage mapping and association analysis reveals genetic control of maize kernel moisture content. Physiologia plantarum 13 32754968
2021 Genetic dissection of maize seedling traits in an IBM Syn10 DH population under the combined stress of lead and cadmium. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 11 34117523
1993 Studies of a sperm/placenta cross-reacting antigen, STX-10. Journal of reproductive immunology 8 7515965
2023 Combined linkage mapping and association analysis uncovers candidate genes for 25 leaf-related traits across three environments in maize. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 7 36662253
2022 Combined QTL mapping and RNA-Seq pro-filing reveal candidate genes related to low-temperature tolerance in maize. Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement 7 37312966
2021 Shifting proteomes: limitations in using the BioID proximity labeling system to study SNARE protein trafficking during infection with intracellular pathogens. Pathogens and disease 7 34323972
2023 A Combination of QTL Mapping and GradedPool-Seq to Dissect Genetic Complexity for Gibberella Ear Rot Resistance in Maize Using an IBM Syn10 DH Population. Plant disease 5 36131495
2025 Utilizing Multi-omics analysis to elucidate the role of mitochondrial gene defects in Gastric cancer progression. PloS one 3 40489463
2025 Immune Microenvironment Characterization and Machine Learning-Guided Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers for Ulcerative Colitis. Journal of inflammation research 1 40661186
2025 Dysregulation of U12-Type Splicing in Lupus Neutrophils. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 41279038
2024 Quantitative trait locus analysis of gray leaf spot resistance in the maize IBM Syn10 DH population. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 1 39002016
2026 Dysregulation of U12-Type Splicing in Lupus Neutrophils. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 0 41524512

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for STX10? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.