Affinage

SPAG17

Sperm-associated antigen 17 · UniProt Q6Q759

Length
2223 aa
Mass
251.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
85 papers in source corpus 10 papers cited in narrative 10 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SPAG17 is the mammalian ortholog of Chlamydomonas PF6 and functions as an essential structural component of the C1a projection of the central pair apparatus in motile cilia and sperm flagella, where its assembly is required for normal ciliary/flagellar motility (PMID:11251084, PMID:22278927). Within the central apparatus it integrates a protein network, physically interacting with SPAG6 (PF16 ortholog), which in turn links to the PF20 ortholog, and the C1a projection it builds modulates both inner and outer dynein arm activity to control waveform (PMID:15827353, PMID:22278927). SPAG17 loss compromises axonemal integrity: human loss-of-function mutations cause multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) with an incomplete C1a projection and disrupted SPATA17 and SPAG6 organization (PMID:39686771), and hypomorphic mouse alleles destabilize the C1 microtubule of respiratory cilia in a tissue- and isoform-specific manner (PMID:32988999). Beyond the axoneme, SPAG17 has distinct cell-biological roles in spermiogenesis, where it supports intramanchette transport of PCDP1 and IFT20 and facilitates the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of protamines PRM1 and PRM2, with which it physically associates, enabling proper chromatin condensation (PMID:29690537, PMID:37766963). SPAG17 is also required for normal primary cilia length in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts, influencing skeletal growth (PMID:26017218), and acts cell-intrinsically as a negative regulator of TGF-β–driven fibrotic signaling in fibroblasts and endothelial cells (PMID:36116512).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Established the founding mechanistic role of the SPAG17 ortholog as a structural protein required to build a specific central-pair substructure, answering what the C1a projection is made of.

    Evidence Insertional mutagenesis, transformation rescue, biochemical cosedimentation, and EM in Chlamydomonas pf6 mutants

    PMID:11251084

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the mammalian ortholog's role
    • Composition of the 12.6S complex partners not molecularly identified
  2. 2005 High

    Connected SPAG17 into a defined central-apparatus protein network, answering how C1a components are physically organized in mammalian sperm.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, colocalization, immunofluorescence, and SPAG6-knockout mouse sperm analysis

    PMID:15827353

    Open questions at the time
    • SPAG17–SPAG6 binding inferred partly from knockout, not full reciprocal Co-IP in native tissue
    • Functional consequence of the interaction for motility not directly tested here
  3. 2012 High

    Mapped which SPAG17 domains drive assembly versus motility and showed the C1a projection regulates dynein arms, refining how the structure controls beating.

    Evidence Domain-deletion rescue and genetic epistasis with outer dynein arm mutants in Chlamydomonas

    PMID:22278927

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which C1a signals to dynein arms unresolved
    • Mammalian domain requirements not directly tested
  4. 2015 High

    Revealed an unexpected requirement for SPAG17 in primary (non-motile) cilia and skeletal development, broadening its role beyond motile axonemes.

    Evidence Targeted knockout mouse with micro-CT, histomorphometry, and siRNA knockdown in MEFs measuring cilia length

    PMID:26017218

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking SPAG17 to primary cilia length unknown
    • Whether skeletal defect is cilia-dependent or cilia-independent unresolved
  5. 2018 High

    Defined a spermiogenesis-specific role in manchette-based protein trafficking, explaining the spermatid arrest in knockouts.

    Evidence Knockout mouse histology, EM, and IFT20/PCDP1 localization along the manchette

    PMID:29690537

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct interaction of SPAG17 with transported cargo not shown
    • How SPAG17 regulates manchette microtubule length unknown
  6. 2020 High

    Demonstrated tissue-specific isoform requirements, explaining why SPAG17 loss affects sperm and respiratory cilia but spares ependymal cilia structure.

    Evidence Hypomorphic nonsense allele with isoform Western blots, EM, ciliary beat frequency, and CSF flow imaging

    PMID:32988999

    Open questions at the time
    • Functions of distinct isoforms not individually defined
    • Basis of differential tissue requirement not molecularly explained
  7. 2022 High

    Identified a non-ciliary function as a cell-intrinsic brake on TGF-β fibrotic signaling, linking SPAG17 to tissue fibrosis.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in fibroblasts/endothelial cells, knockout mouse skin fibrosis phenotyping, and TGF-β pathway assays

    PMID:36116512

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target of SPAG17 in the TGF-β pathway not identified
    • Connection between fibrotic role and ciliary role unclear
  8. 2023 High

    Established SPAG17 as a direct protamine partner mediating their nuclear import, mechanistically explaining the chromatin condensation defect in spermatids.

    Evidence Proximity ligation, reciprocal IP/MS, knockout chromomycin A3 staining, and nuclear translocation assays in MEFs

    PMID:37766963

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of SPAG17–protamine binding unknown
    • Whether SPAG17 acts as a transport adaptor or via another mechanism not resolved
  9. 2024 Medium

    Provided human genetic proof that SPAG17 loss-of-function causes MMAF via C1a projection and axonemal disruption.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing, TEM of axoneme cross-sections, and immunofluorescence/Western blot of patient sperm

    PMID:39686771

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional rescue performed
    • Single cohort without independent replication
  10. 2025 Medium

    Extended SPAG17's profibrotic-regulatory role to female reproductive aging and cervical remodeling.

    Evidence Knockout mouse fertility, histology, pathway analysis, and tissue expression profiling (preprint)

    PMID:40093080

    Open questions at the time
    • Preprint, single lab, no rescue experiment
    • Mechanism connecting SPAG17 loss to senescence and cervical stiffness not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a single axonemal structural protein executes mechanistically distinct non-ciliary functions (protamine import, TGF-β suppression) remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of SPAG17 domains in mammalian contexts
  • Direct molecular intermediary in TGF-β regulation unidentified
  • Whether non-ciliary roles require cilia-associated isoforms unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005929 cilium 4 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 1 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1
Partners
IFT20PCDP1PRM1PRM2SPAG6SPATA17
Complex memberships
central pair apparatus C1a projection

Evidence

Reading pass · 10 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 The Chlamydomonas PF6 protein (ortholog of human SPAG17) is an essential axonemal component required for assembly of the C1-1a projection of the central pair microtubule; pf6 mutant flagella lack the 1a projection and twitch ineffectively, and the protein cosediments at 12.6S with several other polypeptides, indicating it forms a multi-protein complex. Insertional mutagenesis, transformation rescue with wild-type constructs, epitope-tagged biochemical fractionation (cosedimentation), electron microscopy Molecular biology of the cell High 11251084
2005 The mammalian PF6 protein (SPAG17) localizes to the central apparatus of the sperm flagellar axoneme and physically interacts with SPAG6 (mammalian ortholog of Chlamydomonas PF16); a fragment of SPAG17 corresponding to the SPAG6-interaction domain is absent from epididymal sperm of SPAG6-deficient mice. SPAG6 in turn binds the mammalian ortholog of PF20, establishing a SPAG17–SPAG6–PF20 protein network linking central apparatus components. Yeast two-hybrid, colocalization in transfected cells, immunofluorescence, analysis of SPAG6-knockout mouse sperm (missing SPAG17 fragment), co-immunoprecipitation inference from knockout data Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP High 15827353
2012 Domains near the carboxyl-terminus of Chlamydomonas PF6 (SPAG17 ortholog) are essential for motility and/or assembly of the C1a projection, while the amino-terminal half stabilizes the C1a-34, C1a-32, and C1a-18 sub-complex and is required for wild-type beat frequency. Double-mutant analysis with outer dynein arm mutants indicates the C1a projection modulates both inner and outer dynein arm activity. Deletion construct transformation rescue in pf6 mutant Chlamydomonas, motility analysis, biochemical analysis of rescued strains, genetic epistasis (double mutants with outer dynein arm mutants) Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) High 22278927
2015 Spag17 knockout mice exhibit skeletal malformations including shorter hind limbs, premature ossification of the femur, delayed cartilage/bone development in the tibia, fused sternebrae, and reduced skull mineralization. Primary cilia from chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) of knockout mice are shorter and fewer cells bear primary cilia; siRNA knockdown of Spag17 in wild-type MEFs reproduces the short primary cilia phenotype, indicating SPAG17 is required for normal primary cilia length. Targeted knockout mouse, histomorphometry, micro-CT, von Kossa staining, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown in MEFs, measurement of primary cilia length PloS one High 26017218
2018 Spag17 knockout mice are infertile due to spermatogenesis arrested at the spermatid stage. Knockout spermatids display abnormally elongated manchette structures, defective sperm head morphology (irregular nuclear shape, reduced chromatin condensation, detached acrosomes), altered manchette microtubules, and disrupted intramanchette transport of proteins PCDP1 and IFT20, establishing a role for SPAG17 in manchette-dependent protein trafficking during spermiogenesis. Spag17 knockout mouse, histology, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, analysis of IFT protein localization along manchette International journal of molecular sciences High 29690537
2020 A hypomorphic nonsense allele of Spag17 (K1746*, Pcdo) abolishes several SPAG17 isoforms in testis but not brain, demonstrating tissue-specific isoform requirements. SPAG17 is essential for sperm flagellum development and for stability of the C1 microtubule structure in respiratory motile cilia but is not required for brain ependymal cilia structure; ependymal ciliary beating frequency is altered but lateral ventricle CSF flow is not substantially changed, whereas aqueductal stenosis causes hydrocephalus. Forward genetic screen, whole-exome sequencing, Western blot (isoform analysis), electron microscopy, ciliary beat frequency measurement, CSF flow imaging in hypomorphic mouse mutant Disease models & mechanisms High 32988999
2022 Knockdown of SPAG17 in human and mouse fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells triggers spontaneous myofibroblast transformation and constitutive TGF-β pathway activation. Spag17 knockout mice develop spontaneous skin fibrosis with increased dermal thickness, collagen deposition, stiffness, and altered collagen fiber alignment, identifying SPAG17 as a cell-intrinsic negative regulator of fibrotic responses. siRNA knockdown of SPAG17 in fibroblasts/endothelial cells, Spag17 knockout mouse model, histology (collagen staining), biomechanical stiffness measurement, TGF-β pathway activation assays, transcriptome analysis of SSc skin biopsies The Journal of investigative dermatology High 36116512
2023 SPAG17 physically interacts with protamines PRM1 and PRM2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of spermatids, as demonstrated by proximity ligation assay and confirmed by immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry. Spag17 knockout spermatids and sperm show abnormal protamination (defective protamine content by chromomycin A3 staining) without changes in Prm1/Prm2 mRNA or total protein levels, and immunofluorescence reveals reduced nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios of protamines in knockout spermatids. In vitro experiments in somatic cells (MEFs) lacking SPAG17 show compromised nuclear translocation of PRM1 and PRM2, establishing that SPAG17 facilitates cytoplasm-to-nucleus transport of protamines during spermiogenesis. Proximity ligation assay, immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, Spag17 knockout mouse, chromomycin A3 staining, immunofluorescence (nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio), in vitro nuclear translocation assay in MEFs Frontiers in cell and developmental biology High 37766963
2024 Homozygous loss-of-function SPAG17 mutations in human patients cause MMAF (multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella) with absent SPAG17 protein along flagella; transmission electron microscopy shows incomplete C1a projection and higher frequency of missing axonemal microtubule doublets 1 and 9. Immunofluorescence and Western blot reveal disrupted expression of SPATA17 (another C1a projection component) and SPAG6 (spring layer marker) in patients' sperm, confirming that SPAG17 maintains structural integrity of the spermatozoal flagellar axoneme. Whole-exome sequencing, Papanicolaou staining, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy of axoneme cross-sections, immunofluorescence, Western blot, qRT-PCR Asian journal of andrology Medium 39686771
2025 Loss of Spag17 in female mice results in impaired fertility, obstructed labor, and maternal death associated with accelerated ovarian aging, increased fibrosis, and cervical stiffness. At the molecular level, Spag17 loss activates proinflammatory, profibrotic, and senescence signaling pathways. Spag17 expression declines with age in ovarian tissue and is highly expressed in the cervix during pre- and post-parturition remodeling, indicating a role in female reproductive aging and cervical tissue remodeling. Spag17 knockout mouse, fertility assays, histology, pathway activation analysis (proinflammatory/profibrotic/senescence), tissue expression profiling bioRxivpreprint Medium 40093080

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 85 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 A variety of spin-crossover behaviors depending on the counter anion: two-dimensional complexes constructed by NH...Cl- hydrogen bonds, [FeIIH3LMe]Cl.X (X = PF6 -, AsF6 -, SbF6 -, CF3SO3 -; H3L(Me) = Tris[2-{[(2-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylidene]amino}ethyl]amine). Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 76 16575927
2001 The Chlamydomonas PF6 locus encodes a large alanine/proline-rich polypeptide that is required for assembly of a central pair projection and regulates flagellar motility. Molecular biology of the cell 72 11251084
2012 Effects of the ionic liquid [Omim]PF6 on antioxidant enzyme systems, ROS and DNA damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 65 22926335
2005 Dissecting the axoneme interactome: the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF6 interacts with sperm-associated antigen 6, the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF16. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 62 15827353
2007 Fused donor-acceptor ligands in RuII chemistry: synthesis, electrochemistry and spectroscopy of [Ru(bpy)3-n(TTF-dppz)n](PF6)2. Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry 56 17533615
2010 [Au2(phen(2Me))2(μ-O)2](PF6)2, a Novel Dinuclear Gold(III) Complex Showing Excellent Antiproliferative Properties. ACS medicinal chemistry letters 55 24900215
2022 A PF6 - -Permselective Polymer Electrolyte with Anion Solvation Regulation Enabling Long-Cycle Dual-Ion Battery. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 48 34951488
2018 SPAG17 Is Required for Male Germ Cell Differentiation and Fertility. International journal of molecular sciences 48 29690537
2017 A familial study of twins with severe asthenozoospermia identified a homozygous SPAG17 mutation by whole-exome sequencing. Clinical genetics 44 28548327
2001 X-ray crystal structures of alpha-KrF(2),[KrF][MF(6)](M=As,Sb,Bi),[Kr(2)F(3)][SbF(6).KrF(2), [Ke(2)F(3)2[SbF(6)]2.KrF(2), and [Kr(2)F(3)][AsF(6)].[KrF][AsF(6)]; synthesis and characterization of [Kr(2)F(3)][PF(6).nKrF(2); and theoretical studies of KrF(2), KrF+, Kr(2)F(3)+, and the [KrF][MF(6)](M=P,As,Sb,Bi) ion pairs. Inorganic chemistry 44 11399167
2015 Exceptionally long-lived light-emitting electrochemical cells: multiple intra-cation π-stacking interactions in [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)][PF6] emitters. Chemical science 39 29142683
2013 Structural and dynamic features of Candida rugosa lipase 1 in water, octane, toluene, and ionic liquids BMIM-PF6 and BMIM-NO3. The journal of physical chemistry. B 39 23387335
2006 Kinetic resolution of (+/-)-1-phenylethanol in [Bmim][PF6] using high activity preparations of lipases. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 39 17157018
2003 Electroswitchable photoluminescence activity: synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, photophysics, and X-ray crystal and electronic structures of [Re(bpy)(CO)3(C[triple bond]C[bond]C6H4[bond]C[triple bond]C)Fe(C5Me5)(dppe)][PF6](n) (n = 0, 1). Inorganic chemistry 39 14577776
2019 Transport of the Ruthenium Complex [Ru(GA)(dppe)2]PF6 into Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Is Facilitated by Transferrin Receptors. Molecular pharmaceutics 37 30633527
2010 In situ crystallization of low-melting ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] under high pressure up to 2 GPa. The journal of physical chemistry. B 37 20353249
2009 [Ru(py)4Cl(NO)](PF6)2.0.5H2O: a model system for structural determination and ab initio calculations of photo-induced linkage NO isomers. Acta crystallographica. Section B, Structural science 37 19767684
2019 Two Insertion/Deletion Variants within SPAG17 Gene Are Associated with Goat Body Measurement Traits. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 35 31234269
2008 Selective cytotoxic Ru(II) arene Cp* complex salts [R-PhRuCp*](+)X(-) for X = BF4(-), PF6(-), and BPh4(-). Inorganic chemistry 33 18783214
2015 Biochemical responses and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) induced by ionic liquid [omim]PF6. Environmental science and pollution research international 31 26667645
2015 Spag17 deficiency results in skeletal malformations and bone abnormalities. PloS one 29 26017218
1996 Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of a Novel Manganese(IV) Monomer, [Mn(IV)(Me(3)TACN)(OMe)(3)](PF(6)) (Me(3)TACN = N,N',N"-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), and Its Activity toward Olefin Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide. Inorganic chemistry 27 11666793
2014 Dinuclear [{(p-cym)RuCl}2(μ-phpy)](PF6)2 and heterodinuclear [(ppy)2Ir(μ-phpy)Ru(p-cym)Cl](PF6)2 complexes: synthesis, structure and anticancer activity. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 26 25160655
2007 Vasorelaxation induced by the new nitric oxide donor cis-[Ru(Cl)(bpy)(2)(NO)](PF(6)) is due to activation of K(Ca) by a cGMP-dependent pathway. Vascular pharmacology 26 17602893
2013 The ruthenium NO donor, [Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6), inhibits inflammatory pain: involvement of TRPV1 and cGMP/PKG/ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 25 23470198
2020 Impact of chronic exposure to the ionic liquid ([C8mim][PF6]) on intestinal physical barrier, immunological barrier and gut microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Environmental research 24 32980010
2019 [Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6), a Nitric Oxide Donating Ruthenium Complex, Reduces Gout Arthritis in Mice. Frontiers in pharmacology 24 30914954
2015 The nitric oxide donor cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)NO](PF6) increases gastric mucosa protection in mice--involvement of the soluble guanylate cyclase/K(ATP) pathway. Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry 23 25681154
2017 The Chlamydia trachomatis type III secretion substrates CT142, CT143, and CT144 are secreted into the lumen of the inclusion. PloS one 22 28622339
2010 The mechanism of antimalarial action of [Au(CQ)(PPh(3))]PF(6): structural effects and increased drug lipophilicity enhance heme aggregation inhibition at lipid/water interfaces. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 22 21194628
2020 Designing a hybrid electrode toward high energy density with a staged Li+ and PF6 - deintercalation/intercalation mechanism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 21 31996477
2018 CF3 Substitution of [Cu(P^P)(bpy)][PF6 ] Complexes: Effects on Photophysical Properties and Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Performance. ChemPlusChem 21 31957280
2016 Insights into the cytotoxic activity of the phosphane copper(I) complex [Cu(thp)4][PF6]. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 21 27449160
2012 Analyses of functional domains within the PF6 protein of the central apparatus reveal a role for PF6 sub-complex members in regulating flagellar beat frequency. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 20 22278927
2013 trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(cyclam)](PF6)2 and [Ru(NO)(Hedta)] incorporated in PLGA nanoparticles for the delivery of nitric oxide to B16-F10 cells: cytotoxicity and phototoxicity. Molecular pharmaceutics 19 23865934
2011 Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of quasi-1D quantum magnets [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]X (pyz = pyrazine; X = PF6(-), SbF6(-)) exhibiting Ni-FHF-Ni and Ni-pyz-Ni spin interactions. Inorganic chemistry 19 21598910
2015 Enzymatic synthesis of phytosterol esters catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase in water-in-[Bmim]PF6 microemulsion. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 18 25575761
2014 The structural classification of the highly disordered crystal phases of [Nn][BF4], [Nn][PF6], [Pn][BF4], and [Pn][PF6] salts (Nn(+) = tetraalkylammonium and Pn(+) = tetraalkylphosphonium). Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 18 25241963
2020 Goat sperm associated antigen 17 protein gene (SPAG17): Small and large fragment genetic variation detection, association analysis, and mRNA expression in gonads. Genomics 17 32949683
2015 Self-Assembled Functional Nanostructure of Plasmid DNA with Ionic Liquid [Bmim][PF₆]: Enhanced Efficiency in Bacterial Gene Transformation. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 17 25843437
2007 In vivo inhibition of E. coli growth by a Ru(II)/Pt(II) supramolecule [(tpy)RuCl(dpp)PtCl2](PF6). Journal of inorganic biochemistry 17 17707912
2019 Effect of trans(NO, OH)-[RuFT(Cl)(OH)NO](PF6) ruthenium nitrosyl complex on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Scientific reports 15 30890745
2015 Cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(N-N)(P-P)]PF6 complexes: Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity: (BzCN=benzonitrile; N-N=2,2'-bipyridine; 1,10-phenanthroline; P-P=1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino) butane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, or 1,1'-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene). Journal of inorganic biochemistry 15 25873134
2020 A novel hypomorphic allele of Spag17 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes in mice. Disease models & mechanisms 14 32988999
2016 In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel carbonyl ruthenium compound, the ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(bipy)]PF-6[dppb=1,4-bis(diphenylphosphine)butane and bipy=2,2'-bipyridine]. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 14 27613330
2013 Copper triflate-mediated synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylpyrazoles in [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid and evaluation of their anticancer activities. RSC advances 14 24163734
2017 cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppe)]PF6 induces anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis by a mechanism of caspase-dependent involving DNA damage, PARP activation, and Tp53 induction in Ehrlich tumor cells. Chemico-biological interactions 13 28935426
2017 Uncommon runs of homozygosity disclose homozygous missense mutations in two ciliopathy-related genes (SPAG17 and WDR35) in a patient with multiple brain and skeletal anomalies. European journal of medical genetics 13 29174089
2006 Catalytic removal of N-allyloxycarbonyl groups using the [CpRu(IV)(pi-C3H5)(2-quinolinecarboxylato)]PF6 complex. A new efficient deprotecting method in peptide synthesis. The Journal of organic chemistry 12 16749807
2022 Alterations of the Primary Cilia Gene SPAG17 and SOX9 Locus Noncoding RNAs Identified by RNA-Sequencing Analysis in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 10 35762854
2022 Reduced SPAG17 Expression in Systemic Sclerosis Triggers Myofibroblast Transition and Drives Fibrosis. The Journal of investigative dermatology 10 36116512
2018 The trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethyl-N'-thiophenylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6 complex has pro-apoptotic effects on triple negative breast cancer cells and presents low toxicity in vivo. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 10 29857173
2017 [Ru(pipe)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6: A novel ruthenium complex that effectively inhibits ERK activation and cyclin D1 expression in A549 cells. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 10 28774850
2013 Effect of the counter-anion on the spin-transition properties of a family of Fe(II) tetrazole complexes, [Fe(i4tz)6]X2 (X = ClO4-, PF6-, SbF6-, BF4-). Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 10 24056523
2007 Elucidation of control mechanisms discovered during adaptive manipulation of [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 emission in the solution phase. The journal of physical chemistry. A 10 17269753
2023 SPAG17 mediates nuclear translocation of protamines during spermiogenesis. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 9 37766963
2020 Detection of InDel and CNV of SPAG17 gene and their associations with bovine growth traits. Animal biotechnology 9 32820682
2018 Evaluation of the Profile and Mechanism of Neurotoxicity of Water-Soluble [Cu(P)4]PF6 and [Au(P)4]PF6 (P = thp or PTA) Anticancer Complexes. Neurotoxicity research 8 29344837
2018 Chlamydia trachomatis ct143 stimulates secretion of proinflammatory cytokines via activating the p38/MAPK signal pathway in THP-1 cells. Molecular immunology 8 30554084
2021 Anti-asthmatic effect of nitric oxide metallo-donor FOR811A [cis-[Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)(NO)](PF6)3] in the respiratory mechanics of Swiss mice. PloS one 7 33711054
2019 Evaluation of plasmid DNA stability against ultrasonic shear stress and its in vitro delivery efficiency using ionic liquid [Bmim][PF6]. RSC advances 7 35528429
2017 Phenotypic switching prevention and proliferation/migration inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells by the ruthenium nitrosyl complex trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(cyclam](PF6 )2. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 7 28590566
2024 Novel homozygous SPAG17 variants cause human male infertility through multiple morphological abnormalities of spermatozoal flagella related to axonemal microtubule doublets. Asian journal of andrology 6 39686771
2006 Interaction of Lambda- and Delta-[Ru(bpy)2(pbmz)](PF6)2 with the oligonucleotide duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 6 16959322
2003 Diastereoselectivity and molecular recognition in the self-assembly of double-stranded dinuclear metal complexes of the type [M2[(R,S)-tetraphos]2](PF6)2 (M = Ag and Au). Inorganic chemistry 6 14686848
1997 Ferromagnetic Interactions between Imino Nitroxides through Diamagnetic Metal Ions: Crystal Structures, Magnetism, and Electronic Properties of [M(I)(imino nitroxide)(2)](PF(6)) (M = Cu(I) and Ag(I)). Inorganic chemistry 6 11669952
2018 Study of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the carbonyl ruthenium(II) compound, ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 [dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine], by in vitro and in vivo assays. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 5 30460706
2015 Electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometric study of the interaction products of the cytotoxic complex [Cu(thp)₄][PF₆] with methionine-rich model peptides. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM 5 26411623
2021 Chronic developmental exposure to low-dose ([C8mim][PF6]) induces neurotoxicity and behavioural abnormalities in rats. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 4 34555716
2013 The Henry reaction in [Bmim][PF₆]-based microemulsions promoted by acylase. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 4 24284489
2024 High-yield and high-purity amide bond formation using DMTMM PF6 for DNA-encoded libraries. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 3 38955244
2025 The Fe-Cyclam-Derived Compound [Fe(cyclam)sal]PF6 Restrains Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Proliferation and Biofilm Formation. ACS omega 2 40160729
2025 Molecular simulations of ssDNA/ssRNA in [BMIM][PF6] ionic liquid: a novel biopolymer electrolyte for rechargeable battery applications. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2 40620022
2022 The nitric oxide pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of the rutheniumcomplex [Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)(NO)](PF6)3. European journal of pharmacology 2 35247379
2025 Case Report: A homozygous mutation in the SPAG17 gene in a case with oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertility. Frontiers in reproductive health 1 40330001
2025 Effect of the Compartmentalization Into Liposome's Cavity on the Relaxation Times of F- and PF6 - Anions. NMR in biomedicine 1 40538071
2024 Biofilm Demolition by [AuIII(N N)Cl(NHC)][PF6]2 Complexes Fastened with Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Ligands; Potent Antibacterial Agents Targeting Membrane Lipid. ChemPlusChem 1 39434616
2022 Interaction of arene ruthenium(II) complexes [(η6-C6H6)Ru(L)Cl]PF6 (L = o-fpip and p-fpip) with the RNA triplex poly(U)*poly(A)•poly(U). Journal of inorganic biochemistry 1 35405487
2026 Novel loss-of-function SPAG17 homozygous variant segregated in a family with severe asthenozoospermia: upgrading gene-disease validity to strong. Frontiers in endocrinology 0 41798191
2025 Regulation of Female Reproductive Aging by the Spag17 Gene. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 40093080
2025 MANIFESTATION OF RADIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES IN COPPER COMPLEXES [CU(LCF3)2] AND [СU(ADM)(PPH3)2]PF6. Georgian medical news 0 40305795
2025 [Identification and clinical implication of a novel variant of SPAG17 gene resulting in Familial severe asthenozoospermia]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 41070644
2024 Proteomic analysis of HeLa cells after stable transfection with the Chlamydia trachomatis CT143 gene. Gene 0 39374816
2023 Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Pharmacologically Active 4-Phenoxyquinolines and their Benzazole-quinoline Hybrids Through SNAr Reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline and Phenols Using [bmim][PF6] as a Green Solvent. Current organic synthesis 0 36043752
2018 CF3 Substitution of [Cu(P^P)(bpy)][PF6 ] Complexes: Effects on Photophysical Properties and Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Performance. ChemPlusChem 0 31957289

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for SPAG17? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.