Affinage

SPAG17

Sperm-associated antigen 17 · UniProt Q6Q759

Length
2223 aa
Mass
251.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
85 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SPAG17 is a large structural protein of the ciliary and flagellar axoneme that serves as the scaffold for the C1a projection of the central pair apparatus, coordinates intracellular protein transport during spermiogenesis, and negatively regulates TGF-β-driven fibrotic signaling. As the mammalian ortholog of Chlamydomonas PF6, SPAG17 is essential for C1a projection assembly: its carboxy-terminal domains direct projection assembly and motility while its amino-terminal half stabilizes the C1a sub-complex, and it physically interacts with SPAG6 and PF20 to link central apparatus components and modulate inner and outer dynein arm activity (PMID:11251084, PMID:15827353, PMID:22278927). Beyond the axoneme, SPAG17 facilitates intramanchette transport of cargo proteins (IFT20, PCDP1) and cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of protamines PRM1/PRM2 during spermiogenesis; its loss causes spermatid arrest, defective protamination, and MMAF-type male infertility in mice and humans (PMID:29690537, PMID:37766963, PMID:39686771). In somatic cells, SPAG17 regulates primary cilia length in chondrocytes and fibroblasts, and its reduced expression triggers spontaneous myofibroblast transformation and TGF-β pathway activation, causing skin fibrosis in knockout mice and linking SPAG17 loss to systemic sclerosis pathogenesis (PMID:26017218, PMID:36116512).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Identification of PF6 as the C1a projection scaffold resolved the molecular basis of a paralyzed-flagella phenotype and established that a single large polypeptide organizes a discrete structural projection on the C1 central-pair microtubule.

    Evidence Insertional mutagenesis, transformation rescue, epitope-tagging and cosedimentation in Chlamydomonas pf6 mutants

    PMID:11251084

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity and stoichiometry of binding partners within the 12.6S C1a complex were not resolved
    • Mechanism by which C1a loss causes flagellar paralysis (signal relay to dyneins) was not defined
  2. 2005 High

    Demonstrating that mammalian SPAG17 physically interacts with SPAG6 (PF16 ortholog) and that SPAG6 bridges SPAG17 to PF20 established a conserved protein interaction network within the central apparatus, explaining how central pair components are co-dependent.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, colocalization in transfected cells, immunolocalization in sperm, SPAG6-knockout mouse sperm analysis

    PMID:15827353

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct structural contacts and binding interfaces between SPAG17, SPAG6, and PF20 were not mapped at residue resolution
    • Whether the SPAG17–SPAG6–PF20 interaction is required for C1a assembly or for signal transduction was not distinguished
  3. 2012 High

    Systematic domain deletions of PF6 showed that separate regions control C1a sub-complex stability versus motility/assembly, and genetic epistasis with outer dynein arm mutants revealed that C1a modulates both inner and outer dynein arm activity, establishing the C1a projection as a regulatory hub.

    Evidence Deletion construct rescue assays and double-mutant epistasis analysis in Chlamydomonas pf6 mutants

    PMID:22278927

    Open questions at the time
    • The signaling intermediates between the C1a projection and dynein arms remain unidentified
    • Whether mammalian SPAG17 domains have identical functional partitioning was not tested
  4. 2015 High

    Discovery that Spag17 knockout causes shorter primary cilia and skeletal malformations in mice revealed a non-motile-cilia role for SPAG17 in regulating cilia length and bone development, extending its function beyond flagellar motility.

    Evidence Knockout mouse with micro-CT bone analysis, primary cilia immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown in MEFs

    PMID:26017218

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which SPAG17 controls primary cilia length is unknown
    • Whether the skeletal phenotype is cilia-dependent or reflects a cilia-independent function was not resolved
  5. 2018 High

    Knockout studies showed SPAG17 is required for manchette integrity and intramanchette transport of IFT20 and PCDP1, establishing a transport-scaffold role during spermiogenesis beyond its structural role in the mature axoneme.

    Evidence Spag17 knockout mouse, EM of manchette, immunofluorescence of cargo proteins in spermatids

    PMID:29690537

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SPAG17 directly binds IFT20/PCDP1 or acts indirectly through manchette organization was not determined
    • The step at which spermatogenesis arrests and whether it is rescuable was not fully defined
  6. 2020 High

    A hypomorphic allele demonstrated tissue-specific requirements for SPAG17: it is essential for respiratory motile cilia C1 microtubule stability and sperm flagella but dispensable for ependymal cilia, establishing differential central-pair dependence across cilia types and linking SPAG17 loss to primary ciliary dyskinesia with hydrocephalus.

    Evidence Forward genetic screen, whole-exome sequencing, ciliary beat and CSF flow analysis, structural cilia analysis in mouse

    PMID:32988999

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis for ependymal cilia independence from SPAG17 is unknown
    • Whether additional SPAG17 isoforms compensate in ependymal cilia was not tested
  7. 2022 High

    Identifying SPAG17 as a cell-intrinsic negative regulator of TGF-β signaling revealed a non-ciliary function: reduced SPAG17 expression drives spontaneous myofibroblast transformation and skin fibrosis, linking chromatin-level SPAG17 silencing to systemic sclerosis pathogenesis.

    Evidence ATAC-seq, transcriptomics of patient skin biopsies, SPAG17 knockdown in fibroblasts/endothelial cells, Spag17 knockout mouse skin phenotyping

    PMID:36116512

    Open questions at the time
    • The molecular mechanism by which SPAG17 suppresses TGF-β pathway activation is unknown
    • Whether the anti-fibrotic effect is cilia-dependent or involves a direct cytoplasmic signaling function was not distinguished
    • Whether SPAG17 re-expression can reverse established fibrosis was not tested
  8. 2023 High

    Demonstrating that SPAG17 physically interacts with protamines PRM1/PRM2 and facilitates their cytoplasm-to-nucleus transport established a direct chromatin-remodeling-relevant cargo transport function during spermiogenesis, mechanistically explaining the defective protamination in knockout spermatids.

    Evidence Proximity ligation assay, IP/mass spectrometry, chromomycin A3 staining, nuclear/cytoplasm ratio quantification in Spag17 KO spermatids and MEFs

    PMID:37766963

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SPAG17 serves as a direct carrier or recruits an import adapter for protamines is not resolved
    • The nuclear import pathway utilized (importin-dependent or otherwise) was not identified
  9. 2024 Medium

    Human homozygous SPAG17 loss-of-function mutations were shown to cause MMAF with ultrastructural loss of the C1a projection and disrupted expression of SPAG6 and SPATA17, confirming the translational relevance of the mouse phenotype and establishing SPAG17 as a human male infertility gene.

    Evidence Patient sperm TEM, immunofluorescence, western blot, Papanicolaou staining

    PMID:39686771

    Open questions at the time
    • Single study; independent replication in additional patient cohorts is needed
    • Functional rescue experiments in human cells were not performed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The mechanism by which SPAG17 suppresses TGF-β signaling, the molecular basis of its primary cilia length regulation, and whether its ciliary versus non-ciliary functions involve distinct protein domains or isoforms remain open questions.
  • No structural model of SPAG17 or its domain-specific interactions exists
  • The relationship between SPAG17's anti-fibrotic signaling role and its ciliary structural role is entirely unclear
  • Whether SPAG17 functions through distinct isoforms in different cell types has not been systematically investigated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3
Localization
GO:0005929 cilium 6 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 4 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1
Partners
IFT20PCDP1PF20PRM1PRM2SPAG6
Complex memberships
C1a projection complex (central pair apparatus)

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 PF6 (SPAG17 ortholog in Chlamydomonas) encodes a large alanine/proline-rich polypeptide that is an essential axonemal component required for assembly of the C1-1a projection on the C1 microtubule of the central pair apparatus; loss of PF6 results in flagellar paralysis/twitching and absence of the 1a projection Insertional mutagenesis, rescue by transformation with wild-type PF6 construct, epitope-tagging and cosedimentation (12.6S complex), biochemical fractionation Molecular biology of the cell High 11251084
2005 Mammalian SPAG17 (ortholog of Chlamydomonas PF6) is localized to the central apparatus of the sperm flagellar axoneme and physically interacts with SPAG6 (mammalian ortholog of PF16); a fragment of SPAG17 missing from SPAG6-deficient mouse sperm corresponds to the SPAG6-binding domain. SPAG6 in turn binds PF20, establishing a SPAG17–SPAG6–PF20 network linking components of the axoneme central apparatus Yeast two-hybrid, colocalization in transfected cells, immunolocalization in sperm, analysis of SPAG6-knockout mouse sperm (Co-IP/pulldown context), reciprocal domain mapping Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP High 15827353
2012 Deletion analysis of Chlamydomonas PF6 (SPAG17 ortholog) revealed that the carboxy-terminal domains are essential for motility and/or assembly of the C1a projection, while the amino-terminal half stabilizes the C1a-34, C1a-32, and C1a-18 sub-complex and is required for wild-type beat frequency; double mutant analysis with outer dynein arm mutants showed that C1a modulates both inner and outer dynein arm activity Deletion construct transformation rescue assays in pf6 Chlamydomonas mutants, double-mutant genetic epistasis analysis, motility phenotyping Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) High 22278927
2018 Spag17 knockout mice are infertile due to spermatogenesis arrest at the spermatid stage; SPAG17 is required for normal manchette structure, intramanchette protein transport (of Pcdp1 and IFT20), sperm head formation, and flagellum development, in addition to its role in sperm motility Spag17 knockout mouse model, histological evaluation of testis, immunofluorescence analysis of spermatids, electron microscopy of manchette and axoneme, protein transport assays International journal of molecular sciences High 29690537
2015 Targeted mutation (knockout) of Spag17 in mice leads to skeletal malformations including shorter hind limbs, altered femur and tibia maturation, increased trabecular bone area, and premature ossification; primary cilia from chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and MEFs from knockout mice were shorter and fewer in number; siRNA knockdown of Spag17 in wild-type MEFs reproduced the shorter primary cilia phenotype Spag17 knockout mouse model, morphometric and micro-CT bone analysis, von Kossa staining, immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin/osterix, primary cilia length measurement by immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown PloS one High 26017218
2020 A hypomorphic nonsense allele (K1746*) of Spag17 in mice causes primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes; SPAG17 is essential for proper development of the sperm flagellum and required for development/stability of the C1 microtubule within the central pair apparatus of respiratory motile cilia, but not brain ependymal cilia, demonstrating differential requirements for SPAG17 in different cilia types; aqueductal stenosis caused by this allele results in hydrocephalus Forward genetic screen, whole-exome sequencing, western blot isoform analysis, ciliary beat frequency measurement, CSF flow imaging, structural analysis of cilia Disease models & mechanisms High 32988999
2022 Reduced SPAG17 expression triggers spontaneous myofibroblast transformation in fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells, accompanied by constitutive TGF-β pathway activation; Spag17 knockout mice show spontaneous skin fibrosis with increased dermal thickness, collagen deposition and stiffness; chromatin accessibility at the SPAG17 locus is reduced in SSc fibroblasts and endothelial cells, identifying SPAG17 as a negative regulator of fibrotic responses Transcriptome analysis of skin biopsies, ATAC-seq (chromatin accessibility), Spag17 knockout mouse model (skin fibrosis phenotyping), SPAG17 knockdown in human and mouse fibroblasts and endothelial cells, TGF-β pathway activation assays The Journal of investigative dermatology High 36116512
2023 SPAG17 physically interacts with protamines PRM1 and PRM2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus during spermiogenesis; Spag17 knockout spermatids exhibit abnormal protamination (defective protamine content by chromomycin A3 staining) with reduced nuclear/cytoplasm ratios of protamines, without changes in Prm1/Prm2 mRNA or protein levels; SPAG17 loss in somatic cells also impairs nuclear translocation of PRM1 and PRM2, demonstrating that SPAG17 facilitates cytoplasm-to-nucleus transport of protamines Proximity ligation assay, immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, chromomycin A3 staining, immunofluorescence with nuclear/cytoplasm ratio quantification, in vitro experiments in MEFs with SPAG17 absent Frontiers in cell and developmental biology High 37766963
2024 Homozygous loss-of-function SPAG17 mutations in human patients cause MMAF (multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella) with absence of SPAG17 protein along the flagella; TEM shows incomplete C1a projection and higher frequency of missing microtubule doublets 1 and 9; disrupted expression of C1a component SPATA17 and spring-layer marker SPAG6 in patient spermatozoa, demonstrating that SPAG17 maintains integrity of the spermatozoal flagellar axoneme Papanicolaou staining, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy of axoneme cross-sections, immunofluorescence, western blot, qRT-PCR of patient sperm Asian journal of andrology Medium 39686771
2017 A homozygous SPAG17 mutation (p.R1448Q) identified in twins with severe asthenozoospermia; immunostaining and western blot showed the R1448Q mutation exerts a negative effect on SPAG17 protein steady-state levels, suggesting loss of function as the pathogenic mechanism Whole-exome sequencing, Sanger validation, immunostaining, western blot, in silico analysis Clinical genetics Low 28548327
2025 Loss of Spag17 in female mice results in impaired fertility, obstructed labor, and maternal death associated with accelerated ovarian aging, increased fibrosis, and cervical stiffness; Spag17 loss activates proinflammatory, profibrotic, and senescence signaling pathways in the female reproductive tract; Spag17 expression declines with age in ovarian tissue Spag17 knockout mouse model, fertility assays, histological analysis, pathway activation assays (proinflammatory/profibrotic/senescence signaling) bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologypreprint Medium 40093080

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 85 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 A variety of spin-crossover behaviors depending on the counter anion: two-dimensional complexes constructed by NH...Cl- hydrogen bonds, [FeIIH3LMe]Cl.X (X = PF6 -, AsF6 -, SbF6 -, CF3SO3 -; H3L(Me) = Tris[2-{[(2-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylidene]amino}ethyl]amine). Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 76 16575927
2001 The Chlamydomonas PF6 locus encodes a large alanine/proline-rich polypeptide that is required for assembly of a central pair projection and regulates flagellar motility. Molecular biology of the cell 72 11251084
2012 Effects of the ionic liquid [Omim]PF6 on antioxidant enzyme systems, ROS and DNA damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 65 22926335
2005 Dissecting the axoneme interactome: the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF6 interacts with sperm-associated antigen 6, the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF16. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 62 15827353
2007 Fused donor-acceptor ligands in RuII chemistry: synthesis, electrochemistry and spectroscopy of [Ru(bpy)3-n(TTF-dppz)n](PF6)2. Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry 56 17533615
2010 [Au2(phen(2Me))2(μ-O)2](PF6)2, a Novel Dinuclear Gold(III) Complex Showing Excellent Antiproliferative Properties. ACS medicinal chemistry letters 55 24900215
2018 SPAG17 Is Required for Male Germ Cell Differentiation and Fertility. International journal of molecular sciences 47 29690537
2022 A PF6 - -Permselective Polymer Electrolyte with Anion Solvation Regulation Enabling Long-Cycle Dual-Ion Battery. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 46 34951488
2017 A familial study of twins with severe asthenozoospermia identified a homozygous SPAG17 mutation by whole-exome sequencing. Clinical genetics 44 28548327
2001 X-ray crystal structures of alpha-KrF(2),[KrF][MF(6)](M=As,Sb,Bi),[Kr(2)F(3)][SbF(6).KrF(2), [Ke(2)F(3)2[SbF(6)]2.KrF(2), and [Kr(2)F(3)][AsF(6)].[KrF][AsF(6)]; synthesis and characterization of [Kr(2)F(3)][PF(6).nKrF(2); and theoretical studies of KrF(2), KrF+, Kr(2)F(3)+, and the [KrF][MF(6)](M=P,As,Sb,Bi) ion pairs. Inorganic chemistry 44 11399167
2015 Exceptionally long-lived light-emitting electrochemical cells: multiple intra-cation π-stacking interactions in [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)][PF6] emitters. Chemical science 39 29142683
2013 Structural and dynamic features of Candida rugosa lipase 1 in water, octane, toluene, and ionic liquids BMIM-PF6 and BMIM-NO3. The journal of physical chemistry. B 39 23387335
2006 Kinetic resolution of (+/-)-1-phenylethanol in [Bmim][PF6] using high activity preparations of lipases. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 39 17157018
2003 Electroswitchable photoluminescence activity: synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, photophysics, and X-ray crystal and electronic structures of [Re(bpy)(CO)3(C[triple bond]C[bond]C6H4[bond]C[triple bond]C)Fe(C5Me5)(dppe)][PF6](n) (n = 0, 1). Inorganic chemistry 39 14577776
2019 Transport of the Ruthenium Complex [Ru(GA)(dppe)2]PF6 into Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Is Facilitated by Transferrin Receptors. Molecular pharmaceutics 36 30633527
2010 In situ crystallization of low-melting ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] under high pressure up to 2 GPa. The journal of physical chemistry. B 36 20353249
2009 [Ru(py)4Cl(NO)](PF6)2.0.5H2O: a model system for structural determination and ab initio calculations of photo-induced linkage NO isomers. Acta crystallographica. Section B, Structural science 36 19767684
2019 Two Insertion/Deletion Variants within SPAG17 Gene Are Associated with Goat Body Measurement Traits. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 35 31234269
2008 Selective cytotoxic Ru(II) arene Cp* complex salts [R-PhRuCp*](+)X(-) for X = BF4(-), PF6(-), and BPh4(-). Inorganic chemistry 33 18783214
2015 Biochemical responses and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) induced by ionic liquid [omim]PF6. Environmental science and pollution research international 31 26667645
2015 Spag17 deficiency results in skeletal malformations and bone abnormalities. PloS one 28 26017218
1996 Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of a Novel Manganese(IV) Monomer, [Mn(IV)(Me(3)TACN)(OMe)(3)](PF(6)) (Me(3)TACN = N,N',N"-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), and Its Activity toward Olefin Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide. Inorganic chemistry 27 11666793
2014 Dinuclear [{(p-cym)RuCl}2(μ-phpy)](PF6)2 and heterodinuclear [(ppy)2Ir(μ-phpy)Ru(p-cym)Cl](PF6)2 complexes: synthesis, structure and anticancer activity. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 26 25160655
2007 Vasorelaxation induced by the new nitric oxide donor cis-[Ru(Cl)(bpy)(2)(NO)](PF(6)) is due to activation of K(Ca) by a cGMP-dependent pathway. Vascular pharmacology 26 17602893
2013 The ruthenium NO donor, [Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6), inhibits inflammatory pain: involvement of TRPV1 and cGMP/PKG/ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 25 23470198
2020 Impact of chronic exposure to the ionic liquid ([C8mim][PF6]) on intestinal physical barrier, immunological barrier and gut microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Environmental research 24 32980010
2015 The nitric oxide donor cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)NO](PF6) increases gastric mucosa protection in mice--involvement of the soluble guanylate cyclase/K(ATP) pathway. Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry 23 25681154
2019 [Ru(bpy)2(NO)SO3](PF6), a Nitric Oxide Donating Ruthenium Complex, Reduces Gout Arthritis in Mice. Frontiers in pharmacology 22 30914954
2017 The Chlamydia trachomatis type III secretion substrates CT142, CT143, and CT144 are secreted into the lumen of the inclusion. PloS one 22 28622339
2010 The mechanism of antimalarial action of [Au(CQ)(PPh(3))]PF(6): structural effects and increased drug lipophilicity enhance heme aggregation inhibition at lipid/water interfaces. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 22 21194628
2020 Designing a hybrid electrode toward high energy density with a staged Li+ and PF6 - deintercalation/intercalation mechanism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 21 31996477
2018 CF3 Substitution of [Cu(P^P)(bpy)][PF6 ] Complexes: Effects on Photophysical Properties and Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Performance. ChemPlusChem 21 31957280
2016 Insights into the cytotoxic activity of the phosphane copper(I) complex [Cu(thp)4][PF6]. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 21 27449160
2012 Analyses of functional domains within the PF6 protein of the central apparatus reveal a role for PF6 sub-complex members in regulating flagellar beat frequency. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 20 22278927
2013 trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(cyclam)](PF6)2 and [Ru(NO)(Hedta)] incorporated in PLGA nanoparticles for the delivery of nitric oxide to B16-F10 cells: cytotoxicity and phototoxicity. Molecular pharmaceutics 19 23865934
2011 Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of quasi-1D quantum magnets [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]X (pyz = pyrazine; X = PF6(-), SbF6(-)) exhibiting Ni-FHF-Ni and Ni-pyz-Ni spin interactions. Inorganic chemistry 19 21598910
2015 Enzymatic synthesis of phytosterol esters catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase in water-in-[Bmim]PF6 microemulsion. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 18 25575761
2014 The structural classification of the highly disordered crystal phases of [Nn][BF4], [Nn][PF6], [Pn][BF4], and [Pn][PF6] salts (Nn(+) = tetraalkylammonium and Pn(+) = tetraalkylphosphonium). Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 18 25241963
2020 Goat sperm associated antigen 17 protein gene (SPAG17): Small and large fragment genetic variation detection, association analysis, and mRNA expression in gonads. Genomics 17 32949683
2015 Self-Assembled Functional Nanostructure of Plasmid DNA with Ionic Liquid [Bmim][PF₆]: Enhanced Efficiency in Bacterial Gene Transformation. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 17 25843437
2007 In vivo inhibition of E. coli growth by a Ru(II)/Pt(II) supramolecule [(tpy)RuCl(dpp)PtCl2](PF6). Journal of inorganic biochemistry 17 17707912
2019 Effect of trans(NO, OH)-[RuFT(Cl)(OH)NO](PF6) ruthenium nitrosyl complex on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Scientific reports 15 30890745
2015 Cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(N-N)(P-P)]PF6 complexes: Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity: (BzCN=benzonitrile; N-N=2,2'-bipyridine; 1,10-phenanthroline; P-P=1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino) butane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, or 1,1'-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene). Journal of inorganic biochemistry 15 25873134
2020 A novel hypomorphic allele of Spag17 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes in mice. Disease models & mechanisms 14 32988999
2016 In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel carbonyl ruthenium compound, the ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(bipy)]PF-6[dppb=1,4-bis(diphenylphosphine)butane and bipy=2,2'-bipyridine]. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 14 27613330
2013 Copper triflate-mediated synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylpyrazoles in [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid and evaluation of their anticancer activities. RSC advances 14 24163734
2017 cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppe)]PF6 induces anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis by a mechanism of caspase-dependent involving DNA damage, PARP activation, and Tp53 induction in Ehrlich tumor cells. Chemico-biological interactions 13 28935426
2017 Uncommon runs of homozygosity disclose homozygous missense mutations in two ciliopathy-related genes (SPAG17 and WDR35) in a patient with multiple brain and skeletal anomalies. European journal of medical genetics 13 29174089
2006 Catalytic removal of N-allyloxycarbonyl groups using the [CpRu(IV)(pi-C3H5)(2-quinolinecarboxylato)]PF6 complex. A new efficient deprotecting method in peptide synthesis. The Journal of organic chemistry 12 16749807
2018 The trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethyl-N'-thiophenylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6 complex has pro-apoptotic effects on triple negative breast cancer cells and presents low toxicity in vivo. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 10 29857173
2017 [Ru(pipe)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6: A novel ruthenium complex that effectively inhibits ERK activation and cyclin D1 expression in A549 cells. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 10 28774850
2013 Effect of the counter-anion on the spin-transition properties of a family of Fe(II) tetrazole complexes, [Fe(i4tz)6]X2 (X = ClO4-, PF6-, SbF6-, BF4-). Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 10 24056523
2007 Elucidation of control mechanisms discovered during adaptive manipulation of [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 emission in the solution phase. The journal of physical chemistry. A 10 17269753
2023 SPAG17 mediates nuclear translocation of protamines during spermiogenesis. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 9 37766963
2022 Alterations of the Primary Cilia Gene SPAG17 and SOX9 Locus Noncoding RNAs Identified by RNA-Sequencing Analysis in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 9 35762854
2022 Reduced SPAG17 Expression in Systemic Sclerosis Triggers Myofibroblast Transition and Drives Fibrosis. The Journal of investigative dermatology 9 36116512
2020 Detection of InDel and CNV of SPAG17 gene and their associations with bovine growth traits. Animal biotechnology 9 32820682
2018 Evaluation of the Profile and Mechanism of Neurotoxicity of Water-Soluble [Cu(P)4]PF6 and [Au(P)4]PF6 (P = thp or PTA) Anticancer Complexes. Neurotoxicity research 8 29344837
2018 Chlamydia trachomatis ct143 stimulates secretion of proinflammatory cytokines via activating the p38/MAPK signal pathway in THP-1 cells. Molecular immunology 8 30554084
2021 Anti-asthmatic effect of nitric oxide metallo-donor FOR811A [cis-[Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)(NO)](PF6)3] in the respiratory mechanics of Swiss mice. PloS one 7 33711054
2019 Evaluation of plasmid DNA stability against ultrasonic shear stress and its in vitro delivery efficiency using ionic liquid [Bmim][PF6]. RSC advances 7 35528429
2017 Phenotypic switching prevention and proliferation/migration inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells by the ruthenium nitrosyl complex trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(cyclam](PF6 )2. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 7 28590566
2024 Novel homozygous SPAG17 variants cause human male infertility through multiple morphological abnormalities of spermatozoal flagella related to axonemal microtubule doublets. Asian journal of andrology 6 39686771
2006 Interaction of Lambda- and Delta-[Ru(bpy)2(pbmz)](PF6)2 with the oligonucleotide duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 6 16959322
2003 Diastereoselectivity and molecular recognition in the self-assembly of double-stranded dinuclear metal complexes of the type [M2[(R,S)-tetraphos]2](PF6)2 (M = Ag and Au). Inorganic chemistry 6 14686848
1997 Ferromagnetic Interactions between Imino Nitroxides through Diamagnetic Metal Ions: Crystal Structures, Magnetism, and Electronic Properties of [M(I)(imino nitroxide)(2)](PF(6)) (M = Cu(I) and Ag(I)). Inorganic chemistry 6 11669952
2018 Study of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the carbonyl ruthenium(II) compound, ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 [dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine], by in vitro and in vivo assays. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 5 30460706
2015 Electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometric study of the interaction products of the cytotoxic complex [Cu(thp)₄][PF₆] with methionine-rich model peptides. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM 5 26411623
2021 Chronic developmental exposure to low-dose ([C8mim][PF6]) induces neurotoxicity and behavioural abnormalities in rats. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 4 34555716
2013 The Henry reaction in [Bmim][PF₆]-based microemulsions promoted by acylase. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 4 24284489
2025 Molecular simulations of ssDNA/ssRNA in [BMIM][PF6] ionic liquid: a novel biopolymer electrolyte for rechargeable battery applications. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2 40620022
2024 High-yield and high-purity amide bond formation using DMTMM PF6 for DNA-encoded libraries. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 2 38955244
2022 The nitric oxide pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of the rutheniumcomplex [Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)(NO)](PF6)3. European journal of pharmacology 2 35247379
2025 The Fe-Cyclam-Derived Compound [Fe(cyclam)sal]PF6 Restrains Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Proliferation and Biofilm Formation. ACS omega 1 40160729
2025 Case Report: A homozygous mutation in the SPAG17 gene in a case with oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertility. Frontiers in reproductive health 1 40330001
2025 Effect of the Compartmentalization Into Liposome's Cavity on the Relaxation Times of F- and PF6 - Anions. NMR in biomedicine 1 40538071
2024 Biofilm Demolition by [AuIII(N N)Cl(NHC)][PF6]2 Complexes Fastened with Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Ligands; Potent Antibacterial Agents Targeting Membrane Lipid. ChemPlusChem 1 39434616
2022 Interaction of arene ruthenium(II) complexes [(η6-C6H6)Ru(L)Cl]PF6 (L = o-fpip and p-fpip) with the RNA triplex poly(U)*poly(A)•poly(U). Journal of inorganic biochemistry 1 35405487
2026 Novel loss-of-function SPAG17 homozygous variant segregated in a family with severe asthenozoospermia: upgrading gene-disease validity to strong. Frontiers in endocrinology 0 41798191
2025 Regulation of Female Reproductive Aging by the Spag17 Gene. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 40093080
2025 MANIFESTATION OF RADIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES IN COPPER COMPLEXES [CU(LCF3)2] AND [СU(ADM)(PPH3)2]PF6. Georgian medical news 0 40305795
2025 [Identification and clinical implication of a novel variant of SPAG17 gene resulting in Familial severe asthenozoospermia]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 41070644
2024 Proteomic analysis of HeLa cells after stable transfection with the Chlamydia trachomatis CT143 gene. Gene 0 39374816
2023 Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Pharmacologically Active 4-Phenoxyquinolines and their Benzazole-quinoline Hybrids Through SNAr Reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline and Phenols Using [bmim][PF6] as a Green Solvent. Current organic synthesis 0 36043752
2018 CF3 Substitution of [Cu(P^P)(bpy)][PF6 ] Complexes: Effects on Photophysical Properties and Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Performance. ChemPlusChem 0 31957289