Affinage

SPAG6

Sperm-associated antigen 6 · UniProt O75602

Length
509 aa
Mass
55.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
55 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SPAG6 is an armadillo repeat-containing scaffolding protein that organizes the central apparatus of motile cilia and flagella, regulates microtubule acetylation and stability, controls planar cell polarity, and modulates signaling pathways governing proliferation and apoptosis in non-ciliated cells. In motile axonemes, SPAG6 localizes to the C1 microtubule and nucleates a protein interaction network with PF20 and PF6 that is essential for flagellar motility; its loss causes paralyzed flagella with absent C1 microtubules, reduced ciliary beat frequency, randomized basal body orientation, and disrupted planar cell polarity signaling through Vangl2 and FZD6 (PMID:8636214, PMID:25333478, PMID:33175573). Beyond motile cilia, SPAG6 governs centrosome integrity, primary ciliogenesis, tubulin acetylation, cell migration, and immunological synapse formation in non-ciliated cells including fibroblasts and lymphocytes (PMID:26585507, PMID:27169488). In hematopoietic and epithelial cancer cells, SPAG6 suppresses PTEN expression and activates PI3K/AKT signaling, modulates TRAIL-mediated and AMPK/mTOR-dependent autophagic death pathways, and promotes MYO1D membrane translocation to activate EGFR/ERK signaling (PMID:29749435, PMID:32537026, PMID:35667090, PMID:40145872).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1996 High

    The fundamental question of what maintains the C1 microtubule of the flagellar central apparatus was resolved by showing that PF16/SPAG6 is an armadillo-repeat protein whose loss abolishes the C1 microtubule and paralyzes flagella, establishing SPAG6 as a structural organizer of the central pair.

    Evidence Insertional mutagenesis, gene cloning, transformation rescue, and immunogold EM in Chlamydomonas pf16 mutants

    PMID:8636214

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which SPAG6 stabilizes the C1 microtubule was unknown
    • No binding partners identified
    • No mammalian validation
  2. 2000 High

    The question of which structural features are required for axonemal assembly was answered by showing the armadillo repeat array functions as a single unit for axoneme incorporation, while confirming mammalian SPAG6 localizes to sperm flagella, bridging the Chlamydomonas genetics to mammalian biology.

    Evidence Deletion constructs with rescue assays in pf16 Chlamydomonas; immunofluorescence of human and mouse sperm

    PMID:10493827 PMID:10684790 PMID:10913963

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct interacting partners in the central apparatus still unknown
    • No mammalian loss-of-function model yet
  3. 2005 High

    The identity of SPAG6's binding partners was established: SPAG6 directly interacts with PF20 and PF6 to form a scaffolding network on the C1 microtubule, and SPAG6 deficiency in mice eliminates these partners from sperm, demonstrating hierarchical assembly dependence.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-localization in CHO cells, western blot of Spag6-null mouse sperm for both PF20 and PF6

    PMID:12391165 PMID:15827353

    Open questions at the time
    • How the SPAG6–PF20–PF6 complex connects to dynein regulation unknown
    • No motility rescue shown in mammalian system
  4. 2014 High

    Whether SPAG6 functions beyond sperm flagella was resolved: SPAG6 deficiency reduces ciliary beat frequency, cilia density, and disrupts planar cell polarity (Vangl2 distribution) in tracheal and ependymal epithelia, extending its role to multiciliated somatic cells and tissue-level polarity.

    Evidence Spag6-null mice, high-speed video microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy of airway and brain cilia

    PMID:25333478

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism linking SPAG6 to PCP pathway components not defined
    • Whether SPAG6 loss causes hydrocephalus not characterized
  5. 2015 High

    SPAG6 was shown to have essential functions in non-ciliated cells: it regulates centrosome number, tubulin acetylation, primary cilia formation, cell migration, and paclitaxel sensitivity in MEFs, and modulates neuronal migration in developing cortex.

    Evidence Spag6-null MEFs with rescue transfection, wound-healing, chemotactic and drug-sensitivity assays; in utero electroporation overexpression in mouse cortical neurons

    PMID:26130477 PMID:26585507

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymatic mechanism by which SPAG6 controls tubulin acetylation unknown
    • Whether SPAG6 directly binds acetyltransferases or deacetylases not tested
  6. 2016 Medium

    SPAG6's role at the centrosome in non-ciliated, non-epithelial cells was established: it localizes to the centrosome in lymphocytes and is required for centrosome polarization and immunological synapse formation, revealing a general centrosomal scaffolding function.

    Evidence Bone marrow reconstitution with Spag6-null cells, immunofluorescence, CTL killing assays, germinal center analysis

    PMID:27169488

    Open questions at the time
    • Which centrosomal proteins SPAG6 interacts with in lymphocytes not identified
    • Whether SPAG6 modulates MTOC reorientation via the same armadillo-repeat interface as in axonemes unknown
  7. 2018 Medium

    The signaling axis through which SPAG6 promotes survival in leukemic cells was delineated: SPAG6 suppresses PTEN expression (partly via DNMT1-mediated promoter methylation) to maintain PI3K/AKT activity, and independently suppresses TRAIL-mediated death receptor signaling and AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-dependent autophagy.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown in SKM-1 cells with PI3K inhibitor, pan-caspase inhibitor, autophagy inhibitors, AMPK inhibitor, western blot, xenograft models

    PMID:25405588 PMID:28393201 PMID:29749435 PMID:32537026

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SPAG6 binds PTEN or DNMT1 directly not shown
    • All studies from one lab in one cell line (SKM-1)
    • In vivo relevance for leukemogenesis not confirmed by genetic models
  8. 2020 Medium

    SPAG6 deficiency was connected to sensorineural hearing loss: Spag6-null mice show disrupted stereocilia bundles, aberrant basal body positioning, and mislocalized FZD6 in cochlear hair cells, establishing that SPAG6's planar cell polarity function extends to the inner ear.

    Evidence Spag6-null mice, auditory brainstem response, scanning EM, immunofluorescence for FZD6

    PMID:33175573

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether hearing loss is purely due to PCP defects or also to OHC prestin reduction (PMID:25748314) not disentangled
    • No human genetic data linking SPAG6 to deafness
  9. 2022 Medium

    A new mechanism for SPAG6 in oncogenic signaling was identified: SPAG6 physically interacts with MYO1D and promotes its translocation to the membrane, upregulating EGFR family receptors and activating PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways in AML cells.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, overexpression/knockdown, xenograft model in AML cells

    PMID:35667090

    Open questions at the time
    • How the armadillo repeat scaffold mediates MYO1D translocation mechanistically unclear
    • Interaction not validated by reciprocal endogenous co-IP
  10. 2025 Medium

    The functional divergence between SPAG6 and its paralog SPAG6L was clarified: SPAG6 binds SPINK2 with ~10-fold higher affinity than SPAG6L and suppresses rather than enhances tubulin acetylation; compound knockout reveals non-redundant roles in acrosome biogenesis and fibrous sheath assembly during spermiogenesis.

    Evidence Compound Spag6/Spag6l knockout mice, binding affinity assay, tubulin acetylation assay, histology and EM (preprint)

    PMID:40777416

    Open questions at the time
    • Preprint, not yet peer-reviewed
    • Structural basis for differential SPINK2 binding affinity not determined
    • Opposing effects on tubulin acetylation mechanism unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The direct enzymatic or structural mechanism by which SPAG6 modulates tubulin acetylation, the identity of its centrosomal interaction partners outside motile cilia, and whether SPAG6 mutations cause human disease (infertility, PCD, or deafness) remain unresolved.
  • No human genetic study linking SPAG6 mutations to a Mendelian disorder
  • No structural model of SPAG6 or its complexes
  • Direct mechanism linking SPAG6 to tubulin acetyltransferase/deacetylase regulation not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 4 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 4 GO:0005929 cilium 4 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 4 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
AKAP4MYO1DPF20PF6SLC26A5SPINK2TAC1
Complex memberships
C1 microtubule central apparatus complex (SPAG6–PF20–PF6)

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 PF16 (Chlamydomonas orthologue of SPAG6) contains eight contiguous armadillo repeats and localizes specifically to the C1 microtubule of the central apparatus in flagella; loss of PF16 results in paralyzed flagella and missing C1 microtubule in isolated axonemes Insertional mutagenesis, gene cloning, transformation rescue, immunofluorescence, immunogold electron microscopy The Journal of cell biology High 8636214
1999 Human SPAG6 encodes an armadillo repeat-containing protein localizing to the tails of permeabilized human sperm, consistent with a role in the flagellar axoneme central pair cDNA cloning, antibody generation, immunofluorescence localization of permeabilized sperm Genomics Medium 10493827
2000 Murine SPAG6 (Spag6) localizes to the principal piece of mouse sperm tails and co-localizes with microtubules when expressed in COS-1 cells, supporting its role as an axoneme central apparatus component Antipeptide antibody, immunofluorescence in sperm and COS-1 cells Biology of reproduction Medium 10684790
2000 The first armadillo repeat of PF16 is necessary but not sufficient for assembly into the axoneme; the C-terminal 122 amino acids are dispensable; the armadillo repeats act as a single functional unit required for PF16 assembly and flagellar motility rescue Deletion construct generation, transformation rescue assays in pf16 Chlamydomonas mutants Cell motility and the cytoskeleton High 10913963
2002 SPAG6 (mammalian PF16 orthologue) physically interacts with PF20 (mammalian WD repeat protein); when co-expressed, PF20 colocalizes with SPAG6 on polymerized microtubules; PF20 is markedly reduced in sperm from SPAG6-deficient mice Yeast two-hybrid, co-expression in CHO cells with fluorescence microscopy, immunocytochemistry, western blot of Spag6-null mouse sperm Molecular and cellular biology High 12391165
2005 SPAG6 physically interacts with the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF6, which is localized to the axoneme central apparatus C1 microtubule 1a projection; PF6 fragment that interacts with SPAG6 is absent from SPAG6-deficient mouse sperm; SPAG6, PF6, and PF20 form a network linking central apparatus components Yeast two-hybrid, co-transfection and co-localization in cells, immunocytochemistry, western blot of Spag6-null sperm Molecular & cellular proteomics High 15827353
2014 SPAG6 deficiency in mice reduces cilia beat frequency in tracheal epithelial cells, disrupts synchronized cilia beat, reduces cilia density in ependymal and tracheal cells, randomizes basal feet orientation, and disrupts planar cell polarity (Vangl2 distribution), indicating SPAG6 regulates ciliogenesis, axoneme orientation, and epithelial cell polarity Knockout mouse model, high-speed video microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy PloS one High 25333478
2014 SPAG6 silencing in myeloid cell lines (SKM-1, K562) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via activation of caspase-3, -9, and -8, and upregulation of p53 and PTEN shRNA lentiviral knockdown, flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, western blot, xenograft mouse model International journal of oncology Medium 25405588
2015 SPAG6-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) show slower proliferation, larger surface area, reduced motility, reduced adhesion, non-polarized F-actin, multiple centrosomes, reduced primary cilia, and increased sensitivity to paclitaxel; SPAG6 selectively increases acetylated tubulin levels; re-expression rescues abnormal morphology MEF isolation from Spag6-null mice, rescue transfection, wound-healing assay, chemotactic analysis, immunofluorescence, paclitaxel sensitivity assay Scientific reports High 26585507
2015 SPAG6 overexpression in developing cortical neurons delays neuronal migration rate and decreases neurite number and length, indicating a role in microtubule-dependent neuronal migration In utero electroporation overexpression in mouse cortex Journal of molecular neuroscience Medium 26130477
2015 SPAG6 is expressed in outer hair cells (OHCs) of the cochlea and co-immunoprecipitates with prestin; SPAG6-deficient mice show reduced prestin expression at both protein and mRNA levels and abnormal OHC morphology Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, western blot, real-time PCR, Spag6-null mouse model Neuroscience letters Medium 25748314
2016 SPAG6 is associated with the centrosome in lymphocytes; SPAG6 deficiency impairs immunological synapse formation by disrupting centrosome polarization and actin clearance at the synaptic cleft, leading to defective CTL function and humoral immunity Bone marrow reconstitution, immunofluorescence, functional assays of CTL activity, germinal center analysis in Spag6-null mice Scientific reports Medium 27169488
2017 SPAG6 knockdown in SKM-1 cells inhibits proliferation and affects cell cycle G1-to-S transition via upregulation of p27Kip1 and regulation of the AKT/FOXO pathway shRNA knockdown, western blot, FACS cell cycle analysis, RT-qPCR, CCK-8 assay DNA and cell biology Medium 30835546
2017 SPAG6 silencing in SKM-1 cells activates the TRAIL signaling pathway and increases interaction between FADD and TRAIL death receptors, promoting apoptosis; high SPAG6 expression suppresses TRAIL-mediated apoptosis without affecting TRAIL death receptor expression shRNA lentiviral knockdown, flow cytometry, western blot, CCK-8 assay Oncology reports Medium 28393201
2018 SPAG6 silencing in SKM-1 cells increases PTEN expression and reduces AKT phosphorylation, leading to apoptosis via Mcl-1 downregulation, cytochrome c release, and increased caspase-9; PTEN activation by SPAG6 knockdown is caspase-independent; SPAG6 knockdown is associated with DNMT1 downregulation, implying SPAG6 controls PTEN via DNA methylation shRNA knockdown, PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk), western blot, flow cytometry, xenograft mouse model International journal of oncology Medium 29749435
2019 SPAG6 interacts with SPINK2 (serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 2) in the acrosome of round spermatids; SPAG6 is required for SPINK2 expression and proper acrosomal localization during spermatogenesis in mice Yeast two-hybrid, co-localization in CHO cells, immunofluorescence in Spag6-KO and wild-type mouse testis Zhonghua nan ke xue Medium 32216237
2020 SPAG6 silencing triggers autophagic cell death in SKM-1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway; SPAG6 knockdown increases p-AMPK and p-ULK1 while decreasing p-mTOR; autophagy inhibition reduces SPAG6 knockdown-mediated apoptosis; AMPK inhibition attenuates this autophagy shRNA knockdown, autophagy inhibitors (chloroquine, 3-MA), AMPK inhibitor (Compound C), western blot, flow cytometry Oncology letters Medium 32537026
2020 SPAG6 deficiency in Spag6-null mice causes planar cell polarity defects and hearing loss associated with abnormal stereocilia bundles, basal body positioning, disrupted subapical microtubule meshwork, and misdistributed FZD6 Spag6-null mice, auditory brainstem response, immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Medium 33175573
2022 SPAG6 overexpression in AML promotes translocation of MYO1D from cytosol to cell membrane, thereby upregulating EGFR family expression and activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling; SPAG6 physically interacts with MYO1D as shown by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, overexpression/knockdown, western blot, xenograft mouse model Blood advances Medium 35667090
2022 DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the SPAG6 promoter in lung squamous cell carcinoma leads to SPAG6 downregulation; SPAG6 regulates the JAK/STAT pathway by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT3 transcription Bisulfite sequencing, dual-luciferase assay, KEGG pathway analysis, CCK-8/EdU/Transwell assays, DNMT3b knockdown American journal of translational research Medium 36398260
2023 STAT1 protein binds to the SPAG6 promoter and promotes SPAG6 expression; conversely, SPAG6 upregulation correlates with STAT1 expression in MPN, and SPAG6 downregulation reduces STAT1 induction and enhances INF-α sensitivity Chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay, overexpression/knockdown, flow cytometry, western blot, in vivo xenograft Cancer science Medium 37681349
2016 TAC1 protein interacts with SPAG6 as determined by yeast two-hybrid; when co-expressed with SPAG6 in CHO cells, TAC1 localizes to microtubules rather than throughout the cell body, showing SPAG6-dependent microtubule targeting of TAC1 Yeast two-hybrid, co-transfection and immunofluorescence in CHO and COS-1 cells, western blot Zhonghua nan ke xue Low 29282908
2025 SPAG6 physically interacts with SPINK2 with ~10-fold higher affinity than SPAG6L; SPAG6 modulates testicular AKAP4 and SPAG16L levels; SPAG6 suppresses tubulin acetylation (opposite to SPAG6L which enhances it); compound Spag6/Spag6l knockout causes defective spermiogenesis including abnormal acrosome and fibrous sheath Compound knockout mouse generation, histology, electron microscopy, binding affinity assay, western blot, tubulin acetylation assay bioRxivpreprint Medium 40777416
2025 SPAG6 directly interacts with DUSP1 (dual-specificity phosphatase 1) and modulates downstream MAPK/ERK signaling pathway protein expression by regulating DUSP1 activity, promoting MM cell proliferation and migration RNA interference, overexpression, transcriptome sequencing, western blot, proliferation/apoptosis/migration assays Frontiers in pharmacology Low 40535772
2025 SPAG6 overexpression in AML cells promotes GSTP1 expression, which reduces ROS levels and forms a GSTP1/JNK complex that reduces p-JNK, thereby inhibiting JNK-mediated apoptosis and attenuating daunorubicin efficacy Overexpression/knockdown, flow cytometry (ROS, apoptosis), TMT proteomics, western blot, xenograft model Frontiers in pharmacology Medium 39508041
2025 CircMYH9 promotes SPAG6 mRNA stability by recruiting EIF4A3; elevated SPAG6 then suppresses PTEN and activates PI3K/AKT signaling to promote breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion RIP assay (circMYH9–EIF4A3–SPAG6 interaction), mRNA stability assay, overexpression/knockdown, PTEN inhibitor rescue, xenograft model Epigenetics Medium 40145872

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 55 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 PF16 encodes a protein with armadillo repeats and localizes to a single microtubule of the central apparatus in Chlamydomonas flagella. The Journal of cell biology 151 8636214
2017 SPAG6 and L1TD1 are transcriptionally regulated by DNA methylation in non-small cell lung cancers. Molecular cancer 96 28093071
2002 A sperm-associated WD repeat protein orthologous to Chlamydomonas PF20 associates with Spag6, the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF16. Molecular and cellular biology 73 12391165
1999 cDNA cloning and characterization of a human sperm antigen (SPAG6) with homology to the product of the Chlamydomonas PF16 locus. Genomics 67 10493827
2005 Dissecting the axoneme interactome: the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF6 interacts with sperm-associated antigen 6, the mammalian orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF16. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 62 15827353
2000 Sperm antigen 6 is the murine homologue of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii central apparatus protein encoded by the PF16 locus. Biology of reproduction 55 10684790
2010 The Armadillo repeat protein PF16 is essential for flagellar structure and function in Plasmodium male gametes. PloS one 53 20886115
2014 Sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) deficiency and defects in ciliogenesis and cilia function: polarity, density, and beat. PloS one 46 25333478
2020 Patients with severe asthenoteratospermia carrying SPAG6 or RSPH3 mutations have a positive pregnancy outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 34 32124190
2015 Sperm Associated Antigen 6 (SPAG6) Regulates Fibroblast Cell Growth, Morphology, Migration and Ciliogenesis. Scientific reports 34 26585507
2014 Otitis media in sperm-associated antigen 6 (Spag6)-deficient mice. PloS one 27 25393619
2022 Homozygous SPAG6 variants can induce nonsyndromic asthenoteratozoospermia with severe MMAF. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 26 35232447
2016 Impaired immunological synapse in sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) deficient mice. Scientific reports 26 27169488
2014 SPAG6 silencing inhibits the growth of the malignant myeloid cell lines SKM-1 and K562 via activating p53 and caspase activation-dependent apoptosis. International journal of oncology 26 25405588
2021 Delayed fractional dosing with RTS,S/AS01 improves humoral immunity to malaria via a balance of polyfunctional NANP6- and Pf16-specific antibodies. Med (New York, N.Y.) 25 35590199
2019 Upregulation of SPAG6 in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Knockdown Inhibits Cell Proliferation via AKT/FOXO Signaling Pathway. DNA and cell biology 24 30835546
2018 SPAG6 silencing induces apoptosis in the myelodysplastic syndrome cell line SKM‑1 via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. International journal of oncology 20 29749435
2017 Spag6 Mutant Mice Have Defects in Development and Function of Spiral Ganglion Neurons, Apoptosis, and Higher Sensitivity to Paclitaxel. Scientific reports 20 28819108
2015 Spag6 Negatively Regulates Neuronal Migration During Mouse Brain Development. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 18 26130477
2000 Defining functional domains within PF16: a central apparatus component required for flagellar motility. Cell motility and the cytoskeleton 18 10913963
2020 SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM-1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Oncology letters 17 32537026
2020 SPAG6 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in Burkitt lymphoma. Oncology reports 16 33000212
2017 SPAG6 regulates cell apoptosis through the TRAIL signal pathway in myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncology reports 16 28393201
2023 Genome sequencing of Pakistani families with male infertility identifies deleterious genotypes in SPAG6, CCDC9, TKTL1, TUBA3C, and M1AP. Andrology 15 38073178
2019 Distribution of sperm antigen 6 (SPAG6) and 16 (SPAG16) in mouse ciliated and non-ciliated tissues. Journal of molecular histology 15 30911868
2022 DNMT3b-mediated SPAG6 promoter hypermethylation affects lung squamous cell carcinoma development through the JAK/STAT pathway. American journal of translational research 14 36398260
2022 Upregulated SPAG6 promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression through MYO1D that regulates the EGFR family expression. Blood advances 13 35667090
2013 Lineage-specific duplications of Muroidea Faim and Spag6 genes and atypical accelerated evolution of the parental Spag6 gene. Journal of molecular evolution 13 24071998
2015 Expression of prestin in OHCs is reduced in Spag6 gene knockout mice. Neuroscience letters 10 25748314
2020 Planar cell polarity defects and hearing loss in sperm-associated antigen 6 (Spag6)-deficient mice. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 9 33175573
2021 Aberrant expression of SPAG6 may affect the disease phenotype and serve as a tumor biomarker in BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Oncology letters 8 34820009
2021 SPAG6-silencing enhances decitabine-induced apoptosis and demethylation of PTEN in SKM-1 cells and in a xenograft mouse model. Leukemia & lymphoma 7 33843428
2021 Sperm-associated antigen 6 (Spag6) mutation leads to vestibular dysfunction in mice. Journal of pharmacological sciences 7 34663514
2017 Pf16 and phiPMW: Expanding the realm of Pseudomonas putida bacteriophages. PloS one 7 28877269
2023 SPAG6 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis via TGF-β/Smad signal pathway in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. International journal of hematology 6 38147275
2015 Gene cloning, sequence analysis and heterologous expression of a novel cold-active lipase from Pseudomonas sp. PF16. Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine 6 26410312
1992 Cloning and characterization of a highly conserved HMG-like protein (PF16) gene from Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 1731798
2023 Upregulated SPAG6 correlates with increased STAT1 and is associated with reduced sensitivity of interferon-α response in BCR::ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cancer science 5 37681349
2023 SPAG6 c.900 T>C affects boar semen quality and blood-testis barrier function by creating a new splice acceptor site. Animal genetics 4 37211688
2021 Measurable Residual Disease Monitoring of SPAG6, ST18, PRAME, and XAGE1A Expression in Peripheral Blood May Detect Imminent Relapse in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD 4 34600138
2023 The Function of Spag6 to Repair Brain Edema Damage After Cerebral Ischemic Stroke-reperfusion. Neuroscience 3 37169167
2017 [Expressions of SLC22A14 and SPAG6 proteins in the ejaculated sperm of idiopathic asthenozoospermia patients.]. Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 3 29726644
2025 CircMYH9 promotes the mRNA stability of SPAG6 by recruiting EIF4A3 to facilitate the progression of breast cancer. Epigenetics 2 40145872
2025 SPAG6 Promotes Multiple Myeloma Through Activation of the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Frontiers in pharmacology 2 40535772
2025 SPAG6 hypermethylation silences a novel tumor suppressor and inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. PloS one 2 41042741
2024 Target silencing of porcine SPAG6 and PPP1CC by shRNA attenuated sperm motility. Theriogenology 2 38430798
2024 SPAG6 overexpression decreases the pro-apoptotic effect of daunorubicin in acute myeloid leukemia cells through the ROS/JNK MAPK axis in a GSTP1-dependent manner. Frontiers in pharmacology 2 39508041
2021 [Effects of SPAG6 silencing and decitabine treatment on apoptosis and phosphatase and tensin homolog methylation in SKM-1 cells]. Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi 1 35045671
2019 [The role of SPAG6/SPINK2 protein complex in the formation of sperm acrosome in mice]. Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 1 32216237
1997 Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA for the highly conserved HMG-like protein (Pf16) gene of Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1 9168969
2026 Role of SPAG6 in regulating physiological functions and tumorigenesis (Review). International journal of oncology 0 41685588
2026 Correction: SPAG6 hypermethylation silences a novel tumor suppressor and inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. PloS one 0 41824384
2025 Two Spag6 genes control sperm formation and male fertility in mice. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 40777416
2025 The Janus Face of SPAG6: Inducing EMT in Luminal Breast Cancer Cells Amidst Widespread Expression Loss in Breast Tumours. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 0 41066509
2016 [Interaction between SPAG6 and TAC1 proteins]. Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 0 29282908