Affinage

SOX11

Transcription factor SOX-11 · UniProt P35716

Length
441 aa
Mass
46.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 37 papers cited in narrative 37 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SOX11 is an HMG-box transcription factor that functions as a pioneer factor and transcriptional activator essential for neuronal differentiation, organogenesis, axon regeneration, and context-dependent roles in lymphoma and other cancers. Cryo-EM structures demonstrate that SOX11 binds and distorts nucleosomal DNA at superhelical location 2, detaching terminal DNA from the histone octamer to increase chromatin accessibility (PMID:32350470). SOX11 contains an autoinhibitory domain that modulates its DNA-binding activity and cooperates selectively with POU-domain factor Brn-2 (PMID:12637543); it acts downstream of proneural bHLH factors and REST/NRSF derepression to activate pan-neuronal genes (PMID:17182872), and directly regulates diverse target genes including Sprr1a, TANK, BDNF, CXCR4, FAK, PDGFA, FSCN1, and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling components depending on cellular context (PMID:22024412, PMID:28533307, PMID:31492871, PMID:36882421). SOX11 protein stability, localization, and activity are controlled by phosphorylation at S30, SUMOylation at K91, USP11-mediated deubiquitylation, and upstream transcriptional regulation by LHX2/NuRD, PRC2/EED, and CCND1-dependent HDAC sequestration (PMID:29973868, PMID:33441400, PMID:33579706, PMID:28053041, PMID:31204298, PMID:30530749).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 2002 Medium

    Establishing that SOX11 cooperates with signaling kinases in neural induction — Xenopus Sox11 was shown to interact with NLK (a MAP kinase), and kinase-dead NLK blocked Sox11-induced neural gene expression, linking SOX11 transcriptional activity to MAPK signaling.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation in mammalian cells and dominant-negative kinase assays in Xenopus embryos

    PMID:12047350

    Open questions at the time
    • No identification of direct NLK phosphorylation sites on SOX11
    • Not confirmed in mammalian neural development
  2. 2003 High

    Defining the intrinsic regulatory architecture of SOX11 — discovery that SOX11 harbors an autoinhibitory domain restraining DNA binding, that its HMG domain selectively cooperates with the POU factor Brn-2 (unlike SOX2), and that its C-terminal transactivation domain confers stronger activation than SOX2.

    Evidence Domain-swap mutagenesis, in vitro DNA binding assays, and transcriptional reporter assays

    PMID:12637543

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of autoinhibition unresolved
    • In vivo relevance of SOX11–Brn-2 cooperation not tested
  3. 2004 High

    Demonstrating that SOX11 is essential for multi-organ embryonic development — Sox11-null mice die at birth with ventricular septal defects, outflow tract malformations, craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, asplenia, and hypoplasia of lung, stomach, and pancreas.

    Evidence Gene-targeted Sox11 knockout mice with comprehensive histological analysis

    PMID:15254231

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional targets mediating each organ phenotype not identified
    • Cell-autonomous versus non-autonomous contributions not resolved
  4. 2006 High

    Placing SOX11 in the neuronal differentiation hierarchy — Sox11 was shown to act downstream of proneural bHLH factors and REST/NRSF derepression to activate pan-neuronal gene expression independently of cell cycle exit.

    Evidence Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in neural progenitors with epistasis analysis

    PMID:17182872

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding to pan-neuronal gene promoters not demonstrated in this study
    • Redundancy with Sox4 not fully resolved
  5. 2010 High

    Resolving stage-specific and paralog-specific functions in sympathetic nervous system development — Sox11 drives early proliferation of sympathetic progenitors while Sox4 promotes later survival, with combined loss causing persistent ganglionic hypoplasia.

    Evidence Single and double Sox11/Sox4 knockout mice with staged proliferation and apoptosis assays

    PMID:20147379

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets mediating proliferation versus survival not identified
    • Mechanism of temporal switch between Sox11 and Sox4 function unclear
  6. 2011 Medium

    Identifying the epigenetic code regulating SOX11 expression — SOX11 activation correlates with H3K9/14Ac and H3K4me3 while repression correlates with H3K27me3 and H3K9me2; HDAC inhibition (not DNMT inhibition) reactivates silenced SOX11, establishing histone deacetylation as the primary silencing mechanism.

    Evidence ChIP for histone marks and pharmacological treatment with SAHA and AZA across multiple cell lines

    PMID:21738649

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of specific HDACs responsible not determined in this study
    • Whether this mechanism operates in normal tissues versus lymphoma is unclear
  7. 2011 High

    Identifying Sprr1a as a direct SOX11 transcriptional target required for nerve regeneration — SOX11 binds the Sprr1a promoter and drives regeneration-associated gene expression in adult sensory neurons after injury.

    Evidence ChIP, site-directed mutagenesis of Sox binding sites, and in vivo HSV-Sox11 overexpression with nerve crush

    PMID:22024412

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Sprr1a is sufficient for SOX11-driven regeneration not tested
    • Additional direct regeneration targets not comprehensively mapped
  8. 2012 Medium

    Expanding the direct target repertoire — TANK and BDNF were identified as direct SOX11 transcriptional targets in neurons, and WT1 was shown to form a complex with Sox11 to co-regulate Wnt4 in kidney development.

    Evidence ChIP and mutagenesis for TANK; reporter assays and mutagenesis for BDNF; co-IP and Xenopus morpholinos for WT1-Sox11 interaction

    PMID:22331573 PMID:22465478 PMID:23201825

    Open questions at the time
    • BDNF regulation lacks ChIP confirmation
    • WT1–SOX11 interaction not confirmed with reciprocal IP in mammalian kidney
  9. 2013 High

    Defining SOX11's role in retinal ganglion cell development and retinal progenitor competence — Sox4/Sox11 function redundantly for RGC generation and survival downstream of Math5 but upstream of Brn3b; Sox11 alters retinal cell fate and histone H3 acetylation at proneural loci.

    Evidence Conditional knockout mice with genetic epistasis (Math5, Brn3b), retinal explant overexpression, and ChIP for H3 acetylation

    PMID:23318640 PMID:23649630

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Sox11 directly recruits histone-modifying enzymes or acts indirectly unclear
    • Individual contributions of Sox4 versus Sox11 in RGC maintenance not fully separated
  10. 2014 High

    Establishing SOX11 as a direct transcriptional driver of lymphoma migration, angiogenesis, and drug resistance — SOX11 binds and activates CXCR4 and FAK to promote PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling in MCL, and directly upregulates PDGFA to drive tumor angiogenesis.

    Evidence ChIP demonstrating direct binding to CXCR4, FAK, and PDGFA loci; knockdown/overexpression with in vivo xenograft validation

    PMID:25092176 PMID:28533307

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SOX11 binds these targets in normal B cells unknown
    • Mechanism of SOX11 ectopic activation in MCL not addressed
  11. 2015 Medium

    Linking SOX11 mutations to Coffin-Siris syndrome — two missense variants (p.K50N, p.P120H) identified in CSS patients showed reduced transactivation capacity, and Sox11 morpholino knockdown in Xenopus recapitulated microcephaly.

    Evidence Reporter assays for mutant activity and Xenopus morpholino knockdown phenotyping

    PMID:26543203

    Open questions at the time
    • Rescue of morphant phenotype with wild-type SOX11 not shown
    • Larger patient cohort needed to establish genotype-phenotype correlation
  12. 2017 High

    Identifying context-dependent roles in wound healing and axon regeneration — Sox11 directly activates FSCN1 to promote epidermal cell motility and wound re-epithelialization; Sox11 promotes axon regeneration in non-α RGCs but kills α-RGCs, revealing cell-type-specific effects.

    Evidence ChIP for FSCN1, Sox11/Sox4 conditional knockout wound healing assays; AAV-Sox11 overexpression with optic nerve crush and RGC subtype analysis

    PMID:28641110 PMID:31492871

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of α-RGC death by SOX11 not identified
    • Whether FSCN1 is relevant in neuronal versus epithelial contexts not tested
  13. 2017 High

    Defining upstream repression of SOX11 by LHX2/NuRD — LHX2 binds distal regulatory elements of the Sox11 locus and recruits NuRD complex subunits (LSD1, HDAC2, RBBP4) to repress Sox11 expression during cortical neurogenesis.

    Evidence ChIP for LHX2 at Sox11 locus, co-IP of LHX2 with NuRD subunits, gain/loss-of-function in mouse cortex

    PMID:28053041

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether LHX2/NuRD directly deacetylates histones at the Sox11 locus not demonstrated
    • Other NuRD-independent mechanisms of Sox11 repression may exist
  14. 2018 Medium

    Elucidating post-translational regulation of SOX11 — phosphorylation at S30 controls nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization; CCND1 upregulates SOX11 transcription by sequestering HDAC1/2; SOX11 functions as a STAT6 co-factor inducing periostin/CCL26 in lung fibroblasts; SOX11 regulates kidney morphogenesis through the protocadherin B locus.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry and phospho-mutant analysis for S30; ChIP for histone marks at SOX11 locus with CCND1/HDAC manipulation; SOX11 knockdown/overexpression in IL-13-stimulated fibroblasts; Sox11 conditional knockout with ChIP at protocadherin B locus and CAKUT variant analysis

    PMID:29459093 PMID:29973868 PMID:30076218 PMID:30530749

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for S30 phosphorylation not identified
    • Whether CCND1-HDAC-SOX11 axis operates outside MCL unknown
    • CAKUT variant structure-function relationship not resolved
  15. 2019 Medium

    Establishing PRC2/EED as an upstream repressor of SOX11 in hippocampal neurogenesis — EED represses SOX11 via H3K27me1 (not H3K27me3), and Sox11 overexpression rescues neuronal differentiation in EED-null neural progenitors.

    Evidence EED conditional knockout mice, Sox11 rescue in EED-null NSPCs, ChIP for H3K27 methylation marks

    PMID:31204298

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether H3K27me1 at the Sox11 locus is catalyzed directly by PRC2 or a secondary modification unclear
    • Other PRC2 targets contributing to differentiation defect not excluded
  16. 2020 High

    Providing the structural basis for SOX11 pioneer factor activity — cryo-EM revealed SOX11 HMG box binding to nucleosomal DNA at SHL2, distorting the DNA path, detaching terminal DNA from the histone octamer, and repositioning the H4 tail in a manner incompatible with higher-order chromatin compaction.

    Evidence Cryo-EM structure determination of SOX11-nucleosome complexes with functional validation

    PMID:32350470

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether full-length SOX11 (with autoinhibitory domain) behaves identically on nucleosomes not tested
    • In vivo chromatin remodeling dynamics of SOX11 pioneer activity uncharacterized
  17. 2021 High

    Defining post-translational control of SOX11 stability and localization — USP11 deubiquitylates and stabilizes SOX11 protein in the developing cortex, and a disease-associated USP11 mutant fails to stabilize SOX11; SUMOylation at K91 restrains nuclear accumulation and modulates the balance between axon regeneration and RGC survival.

    Evidence Usp11 knockout mice with protein stability assays; SOX11 K91A mutagenesis with optic nerve crush and RNA-seq

    PMID:33441400 PMID:33579706

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting SOX11 for degradation not identified
    • SUMOylation enzymes modifying K91 not characterized
    • Whether USP11-SOX11 axis operates in non-neural tissues unknown
  18. 2023 High

    Positioning SOX11 as an epigenetic master regulator in the neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry — ChIP-seq demonstrated SOX11 directly regulates SWI/SNF components (SMARCC1, SMARCA4, ARID1A), HDAC2, PRC1 subunit CBX2, and KDM1A/LSD1, establishing SOX11 as an upstream regulator of chromatin remodeling complexes.

    Evidence ChIP-seq and super-enhancer mapping in neuroblastoma cell lines with SOX11 knockdown and transcriptome analysis

    PMID:36882421

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SOX11 regulation of chromatin remodelers is unique to neuroblastoma or a general developmental mechanism unknown
    • Physical interaction between SOX11 and SWI/SNF not demonstrated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the structural basis of full-length SOX11 autoinhibition and its relief; the kinase(s) phosphorylating S30 and the E3 ligase(s) targeting SOX11 for proteasomal degradation; the mechanism by which SOX11 kills α-RGCs while promoting regeneration in other subtypes; and whether SOX11's regulation of chromatin remodeling complexes represents a general developmental function or is context-restricted.
  • Structural model of full-length SOX11 with autoinhibitory domain unavailable
  • Complete SOX11 cistrome across developmental contexts not established
  • Mechanism of cell-type-specific death versus survival decisions not resolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 15 GO:0003677 DNA binding 9 GO:0042393 histone binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 10 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 7 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 1
Partners
BRN2LHX2NLKUSP11WT1

Evidence

Reading pass · 37 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2020 Cryo-EM structures of the SOX11 DNA-binding domain (HMG box) bound to nucleosomes reveal that SOX11 binds and locally distorts nucleosomal DNA at superhelical location 2, facilitates detachment of terminal nucleosomal DNA from the histone octamer to increase DNA accessibility, and repositions the N-terminal tail of histone H4 (including K16), suggesting incompatibility with higher-order nucleosome stacking — providing a structural mechanism for SOX11 pioneer factor activity. Cryo-EM structure determination with functional validation Nature High 32350470
2006 Sox4 and Sox11 act as transcriptional activators downstream of proneural bHLH proteins to establish pan-neuronal protein expression; REST/NRSF restricts Sox4 and Sox11 expression in undifferentiated neural cells, explaining how REST/NRSF prevents precocious neuronal gene expression; Sox11 induction of neuronal traits is independent of cell cycle exit mechanisms. Neuronal gene promoter analysis, loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments in neural progenitors, epistasis with proneural bHLH factors Genes & development High 17182872
2003 SOX11 contains an autoinhibitory domain that represses its own DNA binding in vitro and gene activation in vivo; the HMG DNA-binding domain of SOX11 (but not SOX2) is required for selective cooperative interaction with the POU factor Brn-2; the C-terminal transactivation domain of SOX11 confers stronger transcriptional activation than SOX2. Domain-swap mutagenesis, in vitro DNA binding assays, transcriptional reporter assays, partnership specificity assays with POU factors The Journal of biological chemistry High 12637543
2011 Sox11 transcriptionally activates the regeneration-associated gene Sprr1a; Sox11-driven nerve regeneration in adult sensory neurons requires this transcriptional activation, as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation and mutational analysis of Sox binding sites in the Sprr1a promoter. ChIP assay, site-directed mutagenesis of Sox binding sites, luciferase reporter assays, in vivo HSV-Sox11 overexpression with nerve crush model Experimental neurology High 22024412
2012 Sox11 directly transcriptionally regulates the TANK gene in dorsal root ganglion neurons; Sox11 binds two Sox-motif-containing sites in the TANK 5'-UTR as shown by ChIP, and site-directed mutagenesis of these sites reduces Sox11-driven TANK promoter activity. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, site-directed mutagenesis, Sox11 overexpression/siRNA knockdown Neuroscience High 23201825
2012 Sox11 modulates BDNF transcription in a promoter exon-specific manner; Sox11 activates BDNF exon I and exon IV promoters via Sox binding motifs (5'-AACAAAG-3'), and mutation of these sites reduces luciferase reporter activity. Luciferase reporter assay, site-directed mutagenesis of Sox binding sites, RT-PCR of BDNF exon usage after nerve injury Journal of neuroscience research Medium 22331573
2018 Phosphorylation of SOX11 at serine 30 (S30) promotes nuclear over cytoplasmic localization; mass spectrometry identified 10 putative serine phosphorylation sites in SOX11, and systematic phospho-mutant analysis pinpointed S30 as the residue controlling subcellular localization. Mass spectrometry, phospho-mutant analysis, Western blot of embryonic brain lysates, fluorescence microscopy Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Medium 29973868
2021 SOX11 is a substrate of the deubiquitylase USP11; USP11 stabilizes SOX11 protein in the developing cortex, and USP11 deficiency reduces SOX11 protein accumulation (without affecting mRNA), impairing layer 6 neuron production and neuronal migration; a disease-associated USP11 mutant fails to stabilize SOX11. Mouse Usp11 knockout, co-expression studies, protein stability assays, neuronal phenotype analysis in conditional knockout mice Science advances High 33579706
2021 SUMOylation of SOX11 at lysine 91 (K91) regulates its nuclear localization; the non-SUMOylatable SOX11K91A mutant shows increased nuclear localization in vitro, promotes stronger axon regeneration but also increases retinal ganglion cell death after optic nerve injury in vivo; RNA-seq revealed SOX11K91A downregulates Spp1 and Opn4, consistent with negative regulation of α-RGC survival. Site-directed mutagenesis (K91A), in vitro neuronal culture, in vivo optic nerve crush, RNA-seq eNeuro Medium 33441400
2014 SOX11 directly binds regulatory regions of CXCR4 and PTK2 (FAK) and transcriptionally upregulates their expression in mantle cell lymphoma, activating PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 downstream pathways, enhancing cell migration, stromal adhesion, and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance. ChIP assay demonstrating SOX11 binding to CXCR4 and FAK loci, gene expression analysis, SOX11 knockdown/overexpression, pharmacological inhibition, in vivo xenograft models Blood High 28533307
2014 SOX11 directly upregulates PDGFA transcription in mantle cell lymphoma cells, driving tumor angiogenesis; conditioned media from SOX11+ MCL cells induced endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation, which was impaired by PDGFA inhibition. ChIP/reporter assays identifying PDGFA as direct SOX11 target, conditioned media angiogenesis assays, in vivo xenograft with imatinib treatment Blood High 25092176
2021 SOX11 directly upregulates CD70 in mantle cell lymphoma; CD70 overexpression is induced by CD40L in SOX11+ but not SOX11- MCL cells and is associated with increased regulatory T cell infiltration and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. ChIP assay identifying CD70 as SOX11 direct target, in vitro stimulation, immunohistochemistry of primary tumors Blood Medium 34189576
2018 CCND1 (cyclin D1) upregulates SOX11 transcription by sequestering HDAC1 and HDAC2 from the SOX11 locus, increasing histone H3K9/14 acetylation; STAT3 activation inversely regulates SOX11 expression in MCL. HDAC1/2 RNA interference, HDAC inhibitor treatment, histone acetylation ChIP, CCND1/STAT3 overexpression and knockdown, JAK inhibition Blood Medium 30530749
2011 SOX11 expression in lymphoid neoplasms is epigenetically regulated by histone modifications: activation correlates with H3K9/14Ac and H3K4me3, while repression correlates with H3K9me2 and H3K27me3; SOX11 silencing in cell lines is reversed by the HDAC inhibitor SAHA but not by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor AZA, indicating that histone deacetylation (not promoter methylation) is functionally responsible for repression. ChIP for histone marks, HDAC inhibitor (SAHA) treatment, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (AZA) treatment, gene expression analysis PloS one Medium 21738649
2012 WT1 and Sox11 synergistically regulate the Wnt4 gene promoter; they form an immunoprecipitable complex in embryonic kidney cells, and dominant negative WT1 mutants that cannot interact with Sox11 fail to regulate Wnt4 expression; morpholino knockdown of either wt1 or sox11 in Xenopus inhibits Wnt4 expression in the pronephros. Co-immunoprecipitation from embryonic kidney cells, dual-luciferase reporter assay, Xenopus morpholino knockdown, dominant negative mutant analysis Experimental cell research Medium 22465478
2002 Xenopus Sox11 (xSox11) cooperates with the MAP kinase NLK to induce neural development; xNLK and xSox11 interact in mammalian cells, and kinase-dead NLK suppresses Sox11-induced neural marker gene expression. Co-immunoprecipitation in mammalian cells, dominant-negative kinase assay, Xenopus overexpression and reporter assays Genes to cells Medium 12047350
2017 Sox11 transcriptionally activates Fascin (FSCN1) as a direct target gene; Sox11/Sox4 deficiency impairs epidermal cell motility and wound re-epithelialization, phenocopied by FSCN1 loss, and Sox11 represses epidermal terminal differentiation while promoting an embryonic epidermal state. ChIP identifying FSCN1 as direct target, Sox11/Sox4 conditional knockout mice, wound healing assays, re-epithelialization quantification Nature communications High 31492871
2019 SOX11 directly activates SDCCAG8 transcription in HNSCC; ChIP demonstrated endogenous SOX11 binding to the SDCCAG8 promoter; wild-type but not DNA-binding mutant SOX11 induced SDCCAG8 promoter activity; SDCCAG8 overexpression partially rescued the inhibitory effects of SOX11 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, SOX11 mutant analysis, rescue experiments with SDCCAG8 overexpression Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 30922366
2018 SOX11 acts as a transcriptional co-factor downstream of STAT6 in lung fibroblasts; knockdown of SOX11 reduces IL-13-induced expression of periostin and CCL26, while SOX11 overexpression enhances periostin expression in response to IL-13, defining a STAT6→SOX11→periostin/CCL26 hierarchy. DNA microarray, SOX11 knockdown (siRNA), SOX11 overexpression, IL-13 stimulation of lung fibroblasts The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 30076218
2023 SOX11 is a core transcription factor of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry (CRC) that directly regulates SWI/SNF complex components including SMARCC1, SMARCA4/BRG1, ARID1A, as well as HDAC2, PRC1 component CBX2, KDM1A/LSD1, and c-MYB, functioning as an epigenetic master regulator in high-risk neuroblastoma. ChIP-seq, CRC analysis, SOX11 knockdown in neuroblastoma cell lines, super-enhancer mapping, transcriptome analysis Nature communications High 36882421
2019 Polycomb protein EED regulates neuronal differentiation by repressing SOX11 through H3K27me1 (not H3K27me3); overexpression of Sox11 restores the neuronal differentiation capacity of EED-ablated neural stem/progenitor cells, placing SOX11 downstream of PRC2/EED in hippocampal neurogenesis. EED conditional knockout mice, Sox11 overexpression rescue in EED-null NSPCs, ChIP for H3K27 methylation marks, hippocampal differentiation assays Stem cell reports Medium 31204298
2018 Sox11 overexpression in dorsal root ganglion neurons induces expression of GDNF family receptors GFRα1 and GFRα3, altering neurotrophic factor responsiveness and enhancing neurite branching; this provides a mechanism by which Sox11 promotes peripheral axon growth after injury. Sox11 overexpression in DRG neurons in vitro, neurite growth assays, gene expression analysis of GDNF receptor expression, growth factor response assays Neuroscience Medium 29746989
2010 In the sympathetic nervous system, Sox11 is required early for proliferation of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing sympathetic progenitor cells, while Sox4 functions later to ensure their survival; combined deletion causes persistent ganglionic hypoplasia from consecutive proliferation and survival defects. Sox11 and Sox4 mouse knockouts (single and double), cell-type-specific conditional deletion, overexpression in chicken, BrdU proliferation assay, apoptosis analysis Development (Cambridge, England) High 20147379
2013 Sox4 and Sox11 function redundantly to regulate RGC generation at early embryonic stages and RGC survival at late embryonic stages; loss of Math5 impairs Sox4/Sox11 expression in the ganglion cell layer, while Brn3b deletion has no effect, placing Sox4/Sox11 between Math5 and Brn3b in the RGC developmental hierarchy. Sox4, Sox11, and Sox4/Sox11 conditional knockout mice in retina, genetic epistasis with Math5 and Brn3b mutants, cell counting and survival assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 23649630
2013 Sox11 overexpression in retinal progenitors increases cone cell number and decreases rod and Müller glia; Sox11-knockout retinas show delayed differentiation onset; Sox11 does not directly regulate transcription of retinal differentiation genes but reduces histone H3 acetylation at early proneural gene loci, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism for establishing retinal progenitor competency. Sox11 overexpression in retinal explants, Sox11 knockout analysis, birth-date analysis, ChIP for histone H3 acetylation Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 23318640
2018 Sox11 directly regulates Fgf9 expression in the developing mandible; Sox11 drives cell proliferation in mandibular mesenchyme via Cyclin D1 and FGF9; in vitro luciferase assays confirmed Sox11 directly activates the Fgf9 promoter, and application of FGF9 protein to Sox11-deficient palatal shelves restored BrdU incorporation. Sox11 knockout mice, luciferase reporter assay, FGF9 protein rescue experiment, BrdU proliferation assay, gene expression analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 26826126
2018 SOX11 directly binds and regulates a locus control region of the protocadherin B cluster in kidney development; SOX11 loss leads to extended Gdnf expression causing duplex kidney formation, and SOX11 is required for Henle's loop elongation in nephron intermediate segments; a CAKUT-associated SOX11 variant interferes with SOX11 transactivation capacity. Sox11 conditional knockout mice, ChIP identifying direct SOX11 binding to protocadherin B locus control region, transactivation assay with patient variant, kidney morphology analysis Kidney international High 29459093
2020 Wnt7b activates Sox11 transcription in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through Ca2+-dependent Nfatc1 signaling (β-catenin-independent); Sox11 in turn activates transcription of Ccnb1, Sox2, Runx2, and Sp7, promoting both BMSC self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation. ChIP-qPCR confirming Nfatc1 binding to Sox11 promoter, shRNA knockdown, RNA-seq of Wnt7b-overexpressed bones, alkaline phosphatase/alizarin red staining, ex vivo BMSC transplantation Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) Medium 32346881
2017 Sox11 promotes axon regeneration of non-α RGCs after optic nerve injury, while α-RGCs are killed by Sox11 overexpression; transcriptome profiling showed Sox11 activates genes involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and axon growth in RGCs. AAV-mediated Sox11 overexpression in adult mouse RGCs, optic nerve crush, transcriptome profiling, RGC subtype identification Neuron High 28641110
2004 Sox11 is required for embryonic development of multiple organs undergoing inductive remodeling; Sox11-null mice die at birth from congenital heart defects including ventricular septal defects and outflow tract malformations, and show craniofacial/skeletal malformations, asplenia, and hypoplasia of lung, stomach, and pancreas. Gene-targeted Sox11 knockout mice; morphological and histological analysis of multiple organ systems Molecular and cellular biology High 15254231
2013 Sox11 deletion in adult neural progenitor cells blunts proliferation in the hippocampal subgranular zone; Sox11 null embryos develop small and disorganized brains with transient proliferation deficits in neural progenitor cells; functional genomics identified potential downstream target genes of Sox11. Sox11 conditional knockout (Cre-loxP), Sox11 null allele, adult hippocampal neurogenesis assays, functional genomics/transcriptomics Developmental dynamics Medium 23483698
2017 LHX2 binds to distal regulatory elements of Sox11 locus and interacts with NuRD complex subunits LSD1, HDAC2, and RBBP4; loss of LHX2 increases active histone marks at the Sox11 locus and elevates Sox11 expression, while LHX2 overexpression reduces it, defining LHX2/NuRD as a repressor of Sox11 during cortical neurogenesis. ChIP demonstrating LHX2 binding at Sox11 regulatory elements, co-immunoprecipitation of LHX2 with NuRD subunits, LHX2 gain/loss-of-function in mouse cortex, histone mark analysis The Journal of neuroscience High 28053041
2022 LINC01296 directly binds nucleolin (NCL), forming a LINC01296-NCL complex that activates SOX11 gene transcription and promotes neuroblastoma tumor progression; SOX11 knockdown suppressed NB cell proliferation and migration. RNA pull-down assay identifying NCL as LINC01296 binding partner, dCas9/SAM LINC01296 activation, SOX11 expression analysis, in vivo xenograft Molecular therapy oncolytics Low 35317520
2014 Sox11 transcriptionally activates Runx2 and CXCR4 expression in mesenchymal stem cells as demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assay; Sox11 overexpression activates BMP/Smad signaling in MSCs and promotes their trilineage differentiation and migration. Dual-luciferase reporter assay for Runx2 and CXCR4 promoters, Sox11 overexpression, BMP/Smad pathway activation assays, ectopic bone formation in nude mice FASEB journal Medium 25466891
2019 SOX11 activates SLUG (SNAI2) transcription by binding to its promoter in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells, driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppressing ESR1 expression; SOX11 downregulation restores tamoxifen sensitivity. Luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-like binding assay showing SOX11 binding to slug promoter, SOX11 knockdown/overexpression, EMT marker analysis Journal of cellular physiology Low 32043610
2022 SOX11 directly activates CATSPER1 transcription in colon cancer cells as confirmed by luciferase reporter assay; CATSPER1 promotes CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo through PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Luciferase reporter assay, CRISPR-KO of CATSPER1, BrdU/colony formation assays, xenograft model Genes & genomics Low 35305240
2015 SOX11 loss-of-function (xenopus morpholino knockdown) produces significant reduction in head/brain size, validating that SOX11 is required for normal brain development; two missense mutations (p.K50N and p.P120H) identified in Coffin-Siris syndrome patients showed reduced activity in an in vitro gene expression reporter system. In vitro gene expression reporter assay for SOX11 mutant activity, Xenopus morpholino knockdown Journal of medical genetics Medium 26543203

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 Embryonic expression of the chicken Sox2, Sox3 and Sox11 genes suggests an interactive role in neuronal development. Mechanisms of development 340 7748786
2006 The establishment of neuronal properties is controlled by Sox4 and Sox11. Genes & development 282 17182872
2004 Gene targeting reveals a widespread role for the high-mobility-group transcription factor Sox11 in tissue remodeling. Molecular and cellular biology 235 15254231
2020 Nucleosome-bound SOX2 and SOX11 structures elucidate pioneer factor function. Nature 202 32350470
2017 Sox11 Expression Promotes Regeneration of Some Retinal Ganglion Cell Types but Kills Others. Neuron 161 28641110
2015 Overexpression of Sox11 promotes corticospinal tract regeneration after spinal injury while interfering with functional recovery. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 127 25698749
2008 Sox12 deletion in the mouse reveals nonreciprocal redundancy with the related Sox4 and Sox11 transcription factors. Molecular and cellular biology 121 18505825
2006 SRY-box containing gene 11 (Sox11) transcription factor is required for neuron survival and neurite growth. Neuroscience 115 17055661
2010 Sequential requirement of Sox4 and Sox11 during development of the sympathetic nervous system. Development (Cambridge, England) 103 20147379
2013 Transcription factors SOX4 and SOX11 function redundantly to regulate the development of mouse retinal ganglion cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 102 23649630
2002 Differential expression of SOX4 and SOX11 in medulloblastoma. Journal of neuro-oncology 100 12125983
2017 SOX11 promotes tumor protective microenvironment interactions through CXCR4 and FAK regulation in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 99 28533307
2014 SOX11 promotes tumor angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of PDGFA in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 95 25092176
2013 Transcription factor Sox11 is essential for both embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 91 23483698
2018 Circular RNA CEP128 acts as a sponge of miR-145-5p in promoting the bladder cancer progression via regulating SOX11. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 80 30134837
2020 Regulatory roles for SOX11 in development, stem cells and cancer. Seminars in cancer biology 77 32574812
2019 SOX11 and SOX4 drive the reactivation of an embryonic gene program during murine wound repair. Nature communications 73 31492871
2011 The transcription factor Sox11 promotes nerve regeneration through activation of the regeneration-associated gene Sprr1a. Experimental neurology 73 22024412
2015 Deletions and de novo mutations of SOX11 are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with features of Coffin-Siris syndrome. Journal of medical genetics 72 26543203
2019 SOX11: friend or foe in tumor prevention and carcinogenesis? Therapeutic advances in medical oncology 69 31210798
2017 LHX2 Interacts with the NuRD Complex and Regulates Cortical Neuron Subtype Determinants Fezf2 and Sox11. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 62 28053041
2014 Sox11-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate bone fracture healing: Sox11 regulates differentiation and migration of MSCs. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 61 25466891
2010 SOX11 expression correlates to promoter methylation and regulates tumor growth in hematopoietic malignancies. Molecular cancer 61 20624318
2003 Identification of novel domains within Sox-2 and Sox-11 involved in autoinhibition of DNA binding and partnership specificity. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 12637543
2010 The closely related transcription factors Sox4 and Sox11 function as survival factors during spinal cord development. Journal of neurochemistry 59 20646169
2012 Cyclin D1-negative blastoid mantle cell lymphoma identified by SOX11 expression. The American journal of surgical pathology 53 22251940
2011 The tumour suppressor SOX11 is associated with improved survival among high grade epithelial ovarian cancers and is regulated by reversible promoter methylation. BMC cancer 52 21943380
2002 Involvement of NLK and Sox11 in neural induction in Xenopus development. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 52 12047350
2021 SOX11, CD70, and Treg cells configure the tumor-immune microenvironment of aggressive mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 47 34189576
2015 SOX11 identified by target gene evaluation of miRNAs differentially expressed in focal and non-focal brain tissue of therapy-resistant epilepsy patients. Neurobiology of disease 47 25766675
2011 Sox11 regulates survival and axonal growth of embryonic sensory neurons. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 47 21117150
2017 Overexpression miR-211-5p hinders the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid tumor cells by downregulating SOX11. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 46 28703321
2013 The early retinal progenitor-expressed gene Sox11 regulates the timing of the differentiation of retinal cells. Development (Cambridge, England) 46 23318640
2018 SOX11, a key oncogenic factor in mantle cell lymphoma. Current opinion in hematology 45 29738333
2012 SOX11 is useful in differentiating cyclin D1-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from mantle cell lymphoma. Histopathology 45 22642745
2014 Assessment of SOX11 expression in routine lymphoma tissue sections: characterization of new monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma. The American journal of surgical pathology 43 24145648
2019 lncRNA MEG3 inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by sponging miR-9-5p to upregulate SOX11. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 42 31531526
2013 Cardiac outflow tract development relies on the complex function of Sox4 and Sox11 in multiple cell types. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 41 24310815
2009 Molecular networks involved in mouse cerebral corticogenesis and spatio-temporal regulation of Sox4 and Sox11 novel antisense transcripts revealed by transcriptome profiling. Genome biology 41 19799774
2020 Wnt7b-induced Sox11 functions enhance self-renewal and osteogenic commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 40 32346881
2011 Epigenetic activation of SOX11 in lymphoid neoplasms by histone modifications. PloS one 38 21738649
2017 Overexpression of SOX11 and TFE3 in Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas. American journal of clinical pathology 37 29272888
2017 miR-145 targets the SOX11 3'UTR to suppress endometrial cancer growth. American journal of cancer research 36 29218252
2017 SOX11 promotes invasive growth and ductal carcinoma in situ progression. The Journal of pathology 35 28707729
2013 sox4 and sox11 function during Xenopus laevis eye development. PloS one 35 23874955
2021 Usp11 controls cortical neurogenesis and neuronal migration through Sox11 stabilization. Science advances 34 33579706
2020 SOX11 promotes epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid state and alters tropism of invasive breast cancer cells. eLife 33 32909943
2018 Regulation of SOX11 expression through CCND1 and STAT3 in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 31 30530749
2023 SOX11 regulates SWI/SNF complex components as member of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry. Nature communications 30 36882421
2019 Sox11 promotes head and neck cancer progression via the regulation of SDCCAG8. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 30 30922366
2022 Chondrogenic primed extracellular vesicles activate miR-455/SOX11/FOXO axis for cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment. NPJ Regenerative medicine 29 36114225
2011 Knock-down of SOX11 induces autotaxin-dependent increase in proliferation in vitro and more aggressive tumors in vivo. Molecular oncology 29 21880559
2018 Hierarchical control of interleukin 13 (IL-13) signals in lung fibroblasts by STAT6 and SOX11. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 30076218
2014 Sox11 promotes endogenous neurogenesis and locomotor recovery in mice spinal cord injury. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 24589730
2019 Polycomb Protein EED Regulates Neuronal Differentiation through Targeting SOX11 in Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. Stem cell reports 27 31204298
2015 The role of tumor suppressor gene SOX11 in prostate cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 27 25773392
2012 Sox11 modulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in an exon promoter-specific manner. Journal of neuroscience research 27 22331573
2021 Posttranslational Modification of Sox11 Regulates RGC Survival and Axon Regeneration. eNeuro 26 33441400
2018 Different Effect of Sox11 in Retinal Ganglion Cells Survival and Axon Regeneration. Frontiers in genetics 26 30619460
2013 SOXC transcription factors in mantle cell lymphoma: the role of promoter methylation in SOX11 expression. Scientific reports 26 23466598
1999 Human SOX11, an upregulated gene during the neural differentiation, has a long 3' untranslated region. DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 26 10574465
2020 Upregulation of SOX11 enhances tamoxifen resistance and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via slug in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Journal of cellular physiology 25 32043610
2019 MicroRNA-204-5p targets SOX11 to regulate the inflammatory response in spinal cord injury. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 25 31173278
2012 WT1 and Sox11 regulate synergistically the promoter of the Wnt4 gene that encodes a critical signal for nephrogenesis. Experimental cell research 25 22465478
2010 SOX11 expression in mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia & lymphoma 25 20919851
2017 miR-223 is repressed and correlates with inferior clinical features in mantle cell lymphoma through targeting SOX11. Experimental hematology 24 29158064
2006 Identification of a naturally processed T cell epitope derived from the glioma-associated protein SOX11. Cancer letters 24 16504379
2017 Role of SOX11 and Genetic Events Cooperating with Cyclin D1 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Current oncology reports 23 28466437
2018 Sox11 gene disruption causes congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Kidney international 22 29459093
2012 Expanded clinical and experimental use of SOX11 - using a monoclonal antibody. BMC cancer 22 22738398
2020 LINC00961 inhibits the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells by sponging miR-223-3p and targeting SOX11. Cancer medicine 21 32045135
2018 Aberrant methylation of FAT4 and SOX11 in peripheral blood leukocytes and their association with gastric cancer risk. Journal of Cancer 21 30026822
2016 Ablation of the Sox11 Gene Results in Clefting of the Secondary Palate Resembling the Pierre Robin Sequence. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 26826126
2013 Expression of Sox4 and Sox11 is regulated by multiple mechanisms during retinal development. FEBS letters 21 23313252
2018 Phosphorylation Modulates the Subcellular Localization of SOX11. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 20 29973868
2016 SOX11 is a biomarker for cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma. Biomarker research 20 26949534
2013 The role of SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia research 20 24001358
2022 miR-145-5p Inhibits Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Tumor Growth by Regulating the SOX11/MYCN Axis in Prostate cancer. Frontiers in genetics 19 35368699
2019 A novel human stem cell model for Coffin-Siris syndrome-like syndrome reveals the importance of SOX11 dosage for neuronal differentiation and survival. Human molecular genetics 19 31035284
2017 Coffin-Siris syndrome and cardiac anomaly with a novel SOX11 mutation. Congenital anomalies 19 28787104
2017 Observation of Cleft Palate in an Individual with SOX11 Mutation: Indication of a Role for SOX11 in Human Palatogenesis. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 19 29437512
2019 Increased tumour angiogenesis in SOX11-positive mantle cell lymphoma. Histopathology 18 31173643
2019 Promoter hypermethylation of SOX11 promotes the progression of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncology reports 17 30720133
2012 A highly sensitive and specific qPCR assay for quantification of the biomarker SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma. European journal of haematology 17 22827557
2014 Flow cytometric analysis of SOX11: a new diagnostic method for distinguishing B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma from mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia & lymphoma 16 25120048
2024 SOX11 expression is restricted to EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma and is associated with molecular genetic features. Blood 15 38620074
2023 Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma growth via modulation of the miR-221/SOX11 axis by curcumin and berberine. PeerJ 15 38084140
2018 Increased Expression of Transcription Factor SRY-box-Containing Gene 11 (Sox11) Enhances Neurite Growth by Regulating Neurotrophic Factor Responsiveness. Neuroscience 15 29746989
2014 The role of SOX11 immunostaining in confirming the diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma on fine-needle aspiration samples. Cancer cytopathology 15 25056830
2012 TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa B activator (TANK) expression increases in injured sensory neurons and is transcriptionally regulated by Sox11. Neuroscience 15 23201825
2022 SOX11-dependent CATSPER1 expression controls colon cancer cell growth through regulation the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Genes & genomics 14 35305240
2021 SOX11, SOX10 and MITF Gene Interaction: A Possible Diagnostic Tool in Malignant Melanoma. Life (Basel, Switzerland) 14 33801642
2016 SOX11 and HIG-2 are cross-regulated and affect growth in mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia & lymphoma 14 26757780
2007 A homologue of Sox11 predominantly expressed in the ovary of the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 14 18032080
2022 LINC01296 promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenesis via the NCL-SOX11 regulatory complex. Molecular therapy oncolytics 13 35317520
2020 Influence of MicroRNA-141 on Inhibition of the Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis via SOX11. Orthopaedic surgery 13 31916393
2020 LncRNA RNF144A-AS1 Promotes Bladder Cancer Progression via RNF144A-AS1/miR-455-5p/SOX11 Axis. OncoTargets and therapy 13 33177836
2017 Establishing cut-off points with clinical relevance for bcl-2, cyclin D1, p16, p21, p27, p53, Sox11 and WT1 expression in glioblastoma - a short report. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 13 29218546
2022 Systematic Investigation of the Multifaceted Role of SOX11 in Cancer. Cancers 12 36551589
2013 Increased expression of sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) in cutaneous malignant melanoma. The Journal of international medical research 12 23867449