Affinage

WT1

Wilms tumor protein · UniProt P19544

Length
449 aa
Mass
49.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
100 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

WT1 is a zinc finger transcription factor that orchestrates organogenesis of the kidney and gonad and modulates cellular proliferation, with loss-of-function causing metanephric blastema apoptosis, failure of ureteric bud outgrowth, and absence of kidney and gonad (PMID:8395349). Through its zinc fingers it binds EGR1-like GC-rich elements to control specific target genes, directly activating E-cadherin via a conserved WT1-response element (PMID:10753894) and CXXC5/WID to restrain WNT/β-catenin signaling (PMID:20220130), while repressing other targets; its repressive output is executed by a BASP1–prohibitin corepressor module that recruits BRG1, HDAC1, and PIP2 and displaces CBP from WT1-responsive promoters (PMID:19050011, PMID:24166496). WT1 activity is further shaped by direct protein partners: it associates with p53 to switch between activation and repression (PMID:8389468), binds hnRNP-U through its zinc fingers to modulate transactivation (PMID:16924231), and self-associates via its N-terminal domain, the basis for dominant-negative action of Denys-Drash zinc finger mutations that abolish DNA binding (PMID:7479946, PMID:7795587). Beyond transcription, WT1 contains a conserved N-terminal RNA recognition motif and associates with spliceosomal proteins in an RNA-dependent subnuclear distribution, linking it to RNA processing (PMID:8589729), and it safeguards chromosome segregation by binding the spindle checkpoint protein MAD2 to inhibit APC/C ubiquitination activity (PMID:25789599). The +KTS isoform cell-autonomously drives Sry expression upstream of FGF9-dependent Sertoli cell differentiation (PMID:19549635), and WT1 acts as a downstream effector of oncogenic KRAS that suppresses senescence to sustain tumor growth (PMID:20972333). WT1 protein abundance is controlled post-translationally by proteasomal degradation involving UBCH8 (PMID:18535006), by autophagy (PMID:35025698), and by PRMT5-dependent IRES-mediated translation (PMID:34448450).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1993 High

    Established WT1 as essential for the inductive events of kidney and gonad development, defining its physiological importance before its molecular targets were known.

    Evidence Knockout mouse with histological and developmental analysis

    PMID:8395349

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the transcriptional targets mediating blastema survival
    • Does not distinguish isoform-specific contributions
  2. 1993 Medium

    Showed WT1 activity is context-dependent on p53, explaining how the same protein can act as activator or repressor.

    Evidence Co-IP in transfected cells plus reporter assays

    PMID:8389468

    Open questions at the time
    • Interaction shown in overexpression context
    • Endogenous relevance and interface not mapped
  3. 1995 High

    Defined the molecular basis of dominant-negative Denys-Drash mutations through N-terminal self-association and zinc-finger DNA-binding loss.

    Evidence In vitro binding, Co-IP, GST DNA-binding assays with mutant alleles across multiple targets

    PMID:7479946 PMID:7795587

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish in vivo dosage consequences across tissues
    • Self-association interface not structurally resolved
  4. 1996 Medium

    Revealed an RNA-binding facet of WT1 via a conserved RRM and spliceosomal association, broadening its function beyond transcription.

    Evidence Structural modelling, Co-IP with spliceosomal proteins, RNA-dependent localization

    PMID:8589729

    Open questions at the time
    • No defined RNA substrate identified
    • Functional consequence for splicing not demonstrated
  5. 2000 High

    Identified E-cadherin as a direct WT1 target, linking WT1 to epithelial adhesion programs.

    Evidence Reporter assays, overexpression, in vitro/nuclear-extract DNA binding (EMSA)

    PMID:10753894

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous regulation in developing tissue not shown
    • Isoform dependence not addressed
  6. 2006 Medium

    Demonstrated a direct WT1–hnRNP-U interaction that modulates WT1 transactivation, connecting WT1 to an RNA/chromatin-associated partner.

    Evidence Endogenous Co-IP, domain mapping, reporter assay

    PMID:16924231

    Open questions at the time
    • Target gene scope of modulation limited
    • Single lab
  7. 2008 Medium

    Defined the BASP1-based repressive mechanism and its promoter-selective regulation during differentiation.

    Evidence ChIP across multiple promoters in differentiating podocyte precursors plus sumoylation analysis

    PMID:19050011

    Open questions at the time
    • Sumoylation enzymes not identified
    • Generality beyond examined promoters unknown
  8. 2008 Medium

    Established post-transcriptional control of WT1 abundance via proteasomal degradation and UBCH8 induction.

    Evidence TSA treatment, transcriptional and proteasome inhibitor assays, UBCH8 induction analysis

    PMID:18535006

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ubiquitination of WT1 by UBCH8 not reconstituted
    • Physiological trigger unclear
  9. 2009 High

    Showed the +KTS isoform cell-autonomously drives Sry upstream of FGF9, placing WT1 at the top of the male sex-determination cascade.

    Evidence Isoform-specific null mouse, immunofluorescence, ex vivo FGF9 rescue

    PMID:19549635

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding to Sry regulatory elements not mapped here
    • Mechanism of +KTS isoform specificity unknown
  10. 2010 High

    Placed WT1 downstream of oncogenic KRAS as a suppressor of senescence required for tumor maintenance.

    Evidence Functional genomics screen, conditional Wt1 deletion in Kras lung model, human cell line knockdown, senescence assays

    PMID:20972333

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct WT1 targets enforcing senescence not defined
    • Connection to KRAS signaling intermediates unresolved
  11. 2010 Medium

    Linked WT1 to WNT pathway restraint by transactivating CXXC5/WID, which inhibits Dishevelled.

    Evidence Reporter/enhancer-deletion assays, Co-IP, zebrafish morpholino, in vivo WNT assays

    PMID:20220130

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct WT1 occupancy of WID enhancer in vivo limited
    • Tissue contexts of this axis not broadly tested
  12. 2013 Medium

    Completed the WT1 corepressor architecture, showing prohibitin and BASP1 recruit BRG1, HDAC1 and PIP2 while evicting CBP.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, co-localization, reporter assays, knockdowns

    PMID:24166496

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and assembly order not resolved
    • Promoter selectivity determinants unclear
  13. 2013 Medium

    Extended WT1's developmental repression program to cardiac chemokines, controlling epicardial migration and cardiomyocyte proliferation.

    Evidence Transcriptomics of Wt1KO epicardial cells, functional assays, ChIP, IRF7 analysis

    PMID:23900076

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs IRF7-indirect contributions not fully separated
    • In vivo heart phenotype linkage partial
  14. 2015 Medium

    Uncovered a mitotic role for WT1 in chromosome segregation through MAD2 binding and APC/C inhibition.

    Evidence Co-IP, cell division assays, APC/C ubiquitination assay

    PMID:25789599

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of MAD2 interaction unknown
    • Single lab, not independently confirmed
  15. 2018 Medium

    Defined a WT1/FoxC2/Notch network whose disruption drives podocyte injury, mechanistically connecting WT1 loss to glomerular disease.

    Evidence Inducible adult Wt1 deletion, expression analysis, pharmacological Notch inhibition

    PMID:29398135

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct WT1 binding to FoxC2/Notch loci not shown here
    • EMT linkage correlative
  16. 2021 Medium

    Showed WT1 protein output is set by IRES-dependent translation under PRMT5 control via hnRNPA1 methylation.

    Evidence Conditional Prmt5 KO, IRES translation assay, hnRNPA1 methylation analysis, WT1 rescue

    PMID:34448450

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PRMT5 action on the Wt1 IRES not fully isolated
    • Generality beyond granulosa cells unknown
  17. 2022 Medium

    Identified autophagy as a degradation route controlling WT1 levels during granulosa cell differentiation.

    Evidence ATG5/BECN1 siRNA, chloroquine, Co-IP, cycloheximide chase, autophagy marker blots

    PMID:35025698

    Open questions at the time
    • Autophagy receptor recognizing WT1 not identified
    • Tissue specificity unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How WT1 integrates its transcriptional, RNA-processing, and mitotic activities, and what determines isoform- and context-specific choice among activator, repressor, and non-transcriptional roles, remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking RRM-mediated RNA functions to DNA-binding roles
  • Determinants of activator-vs-repressor switching incompletely defined
  • Structural basis of partner-selective interactions lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
BASP1BRG1HDAC1HNRNPUMAD2PHBTP53
Complex memberships
WT1-BASP1-prohibitin transcriptional repression complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1993 WT-1 is required for early kidney and gonad development; homozygous null mice show metanephric blastema apoptosis, failure of ureteric bud outgrowth, and absence of kidney and gonad formation, establishing WT1 as essential for the inductive events of metanephric kidney development. Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells (knockout mouse); histological and developmental analysis Cell High 8395349
1993 WT1 protein physically associates with p53 in transfected cells; this interaction modulates transcriptional activity: in the absence of p53, WT1 acts as a transcriptional activator of EGR1 sites rather than a repressor, and WT1 cooperatively enhances p53-mediated transactivation of the muscle creatine kinase promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation in transfected cells; transient transfection transcriptional reporter assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 8389468
1995 WT1 can self-associate in vitro and in vivo through its amino-terminal domain; mutant WT1 alleles that impair DNA recognition can oligomerize with wild-type WT1 and antagonize WT1-mediated transcriptional repression, providing a molecular mechanism for dominant-negative action of Denys-Drash syndrome mutations. In vitro binding assay; co-immunoprecipitation in cells; transcriptional repression reporter assay with mutant alleles Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 7479946
1995 Denys-Drash syndrome missense and truncating mutations in the WT1 zinc finger domain abolish DNA binding to all tested WT1 targets (EGR1 consensus, IGF2P2, PDGFA-chain promoter, and +P5 genomic fragment) for both -KTS and +KTS isoforms, indicating these mutations act as dominant-negative antimorphs or through disturbed isoform dosage. GST fusion protein DNA-binding assay with recombinant wild-type and mutant WT1 zinc finger domains Human molecular genetics High 7795587
1996 Structural modelling identified an evolutionarily conserved N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) in all known WT1 isoforms, similar to the constitutive splicing factor U1A; WT1 co-immunoprecipitates with spliceosomal proteins and its subnuclear speckled localization is abolished by RNA degradation, indicating WT1 binds RNA and associates with the splicing machinery. Structural modelling; co-immunoprecipitation with spliceosomal proteins; RNA degradation experiment affecting subnuclear localization Nature genetics Medium 8589729
2000 E-cadherin is a direct transcriptional target of WT1; WT1 activates E-cadherin promoter activity through a conserved GC-rich EGR1-like binding site and a CAAT box, and WT1 protein produced in vitro or from nuclear extracts directly binds the WT1-response element in the E-cadherin promoter. Transient transfection reporter assays; retroviral overexpression in NIH 3T3 cells; in vitro transcription/translation and nuclear extract DNA-binding assay (EMSA) The Journal of biological chemistry High 10753894
2006 WT1 directly interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP-U); this interaction is direct (does not require other proteins or nucleic acids), involves the zinc fingers of WT1 and the middle domain of hnRNP-U, and hnRNP-U modulates WT1 transcriptional activation of a bona fide WT1 target gene. Genetic and biochemical approaches including co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins; domain-mapping pulldown; transcriptional reporter assay Oncogene Medium 16924231
2008 WT1 and its transcriptional cosuppressor BASP1 co-occupy promoters of Bak, c-myc, and podocalyxin genes in podocyte precursor cells; during differentiation, BASP1 occupancy is selectively reduced at the podocalyxin promoter allowing activation, while the repressive WT1/BASP1 complex is maintained at c-myc and Bak promoters; regulation of BASP1 promoter occupancy involves sumoylation of BASP1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in podocyte precursor cell line during differentiation; sumoylation analysis Nucleic acids research Medium 19050011
2008 Histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) downregulates Wt1 expression primarily by cessation of transcription mediated by sequences in intron 3, and also enhances Wt1 protein degradation by the proteasome, at least partly through induction of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBCH8. Cell line treatment with TSA; transcriptional run-on/reporter assays; proteasome inhibitor experiments; UBCH8 induction analysis Nucleic acids research Medium 18535006
2009 WT1(+KTS) isoform cell-autonomously regulates Sry expression in XY gonads; Wt1(+KTS)-null mice show reduced SRY protein per cell and fewer SRY-expressing cells, reduced cell proliferation at the coelomic epithelium, and blocked Sertoli cell differentiation (loss of SOX9/Fgf9); addition of recombinant FGF9 to ex vivo gonad cultures rescued the mutant phenotype, indicating WT1(+KTS) acts upstream of Sry, which in turn drives cell proliferation and Sertoli differentiation via FGF9. Immunofluorescence analysis; targeted Wt1(+KTS)-null mouse model; ex vivo gonad culture with recombinant FGF9 rescue experiment Human molecular genetics High 19549635
2010 WT1 is a critical regulator of senescence and proliferation downstream of oncogenic KRAS signaling; deletion or suppression of Wt1 leads to senescence of mouse primary cells expressing physiological levels of oncogenic Kras, decreases tumor burden in a Kras-driven lung cancer mouse model, and in human lung cancer lines dependent on KRAS, WT1 loss decreases proliferation and induces senescence. Functional genomics screen; mouse genetics (Wt1 conditional deletion in Kras-driven lung cancer model); shRNA knockdown in human cell lines; senescence assays The Journal of clinical investigation High 20972333
2010 WT1 activates transcription of CXXC5/WID, a gene that negatively regulates WNT/β-catenin signaling through Dishevelled; WT1 acts through an upstream enhancer region of WID; WID protein interacts with Dishevelled via its C-terminal CXXC zinc finger and Dishevelled-binding domains, inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional reporter assay; promoter/enhancer deletion analysis; co-immunoprecipitation; antisense morpholino knockdown in zebrafish; in vivo WNT signaling assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 20220130
2013 Prohibitin is part of the WT1-BASP1 transcriptional repression complex; prohibitin interacts with BASP1, co-localizes with BASP1 in the nucleus, and is recruited to WT1 target gene promoters to elicit BASP1-dependent transcriptional repression; BASP1 and prohibitin cooperate to recruit chromatin remodeling factor BRG1 and to cause dissociation of CBP from WT1-responsive promoters, and are also required for recruitment of PIP2 and HDAC1 to these promoters. Co-immunoprecipitation; ChIP; immunofluorescence co-localization; transcriptional reporter assays; knockdown experiments Oncogene Medium 24166496
2013 WT1 regulates expression of inhibitory chemokines CCL5 and CXCL10 in epicardial cells by direct and indirect (via IRF7) transcriptional repression; CXCL10 inhibits epicardial cell migration and CCL5 inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferation, revealing a role for WT1 in heart morphogenesis through chemokine repression. Transcriptome analysis of Wt1KO epicardial cells; functional migration and proliferation assays with recombinant chemokines; ChIP; IRF7 expression analysis Human molecular genetics Medium 23900076
2015 WT1 regulates the fidelity of chromosome segregation through interaction with the spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2; WT1 delays anaphase entry by inhibiting the ubiquitination activity of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). Co-immunoprecipitation; functional cell division assays; APC/C ubiquitination assay Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 25789599
2018 Loss of WT1 in mature podocytes activates Notch signaling (upregulation of Notch1 and transcriptional targets including Nrarp, HES1), with repression of FoxC2 and upregulation of Hey2, implicating a WT1/FoxC2/Notch transcriptional network in podocyte injury; HES1 induction was associated with upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes; pharmacological Notch inhibition ameliorated glomerular scarring and albuminuria. Tamoxifen-inducible CRE-LoxP Wt1 deletion in adult mice; immunofluorescence; gene expression analysis; pharmacological Notch inhibition Kidney international Medium 29398135
2021 PRMT5 regulates WT1 protein levels in granulosa cells by facilitating IRES-dependent translation of Wt1 mRNA through methylation of HnRNPA1; loss of PRMT5 dramatically reduces WT1 protein without affecting mRNA levels, and Wt1 overexpression rescues the premature differentiation phenotype caused by Prmt5 deletion. Conditional Prmt5 knockout mice; western blot and qRT-PCR; IRES-dependent translation assay; WT1 overexpression rescue experiment; HnRNPA1 methylation analysis eLife Medium 34448450
2022 Autophagy degrades WT1 protein in ovarian granulosa cells; inhibition of autophagy (by siRNA knockdown of ATG5/BECN1 or chloroquine treatment) causes WT1 accumulation and inhibits granulosa cell differentiation (reduced CYP19A1/FSHR expression and estradiol synthesis), establishing autophagy-mediated degradation of WT1 as a mechanism regulating granulosa cell differentiation. siRNA knockdown of ATG5 and BECN1; pharmacological autophagy inhibition with chloroquine; co-immunoprecipitation; cycloheximide chase assay; western blot for autophagy markers Autophagy Medium 35025698

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1993 WT-1 is required for early kidney development. Cell 1599 8395349
2007 A tumor suppressor and oncogene: the WT1 story. Leukemia 398 17361230
1993 Physical and functional interaction between WT1 and p53 proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 323 8389468
2006 The many facets of the Wilms' tumour gene, WT1. Human molecular genetics 290 16987884
1997 A clinical overview of WT1 gene mutations. Human mutation 281 9090524
2001 WT1 proteins: functions in growth and differentiation. Gene 274 11595161
2001 Wilms tumor and the WT1 gene. Experimental cell research 224 11237525
1994 Mosaic and polymorphic imprinting of the WT1 gene in humans. Nature genetics 175 8012395
2017 Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1) in development, homeostasis and disease. Development (Cambridge, England) 155 28811308
1993 The role of WT1 in Wilms tumorigenesis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 147 8393819
2006 WT1 and glomerular diseases. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 128 16927106
2003 WT1 in acute leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: therapeutic potential of WT1 targeted therapies. Leukemia 127 12835718
1992 The genomic organization and expression of the WT1 gene. Genomics 121 1572653
2022 Autophagy regulates differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells through degradation of WT1. Autophagy 117 35025698
2014 Genotype-phenotype associations in WT1 glomerulopathy. Kidney international 116 24402088
2012 Wt1 and epicardial fate mapping. Circulation research 115 22693350
2010 Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) regulates KRAS-driven oncogenesis and senescence in mouse and human models. The Journal of clinical investigation 112 20972333
2003 The complex life of WT1. Journal of cell science 109 12665546
2000 E-cadherin is a WT1 target gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 106 10753894
2009 WT1 mutations in T-ALL. Blood 97 19494353
1994 Infrequent mutation of the WT1 gene in 77 Wilms' Tumors. Human mutation 97 8019557
1996 An RNA recognition motif in Wilms' tumour protein (WT1) revealed by structural modelling. Nature genetics 95 8589729
2007 The role of the Wilms tumour gene (WT1) in normal and malignant haematopoiesis. Expert reviews in molecular medicine 93 17524167
2005 Transcriptional regulation by WT1 in development. Current opinion in genetics & development 91 16099645
1995 Antagonism of WT1 activity by protein self-association. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 7479946
1995 DNA binding capacity of the WT1 protein is abolished by Denys-Drash syndrome WT1 point mutations. Human molecular genetics 89 7795587
2010 A novel Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) target gene negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway. The Journal of biological chemistry 88 20220130
2005 Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) in human neoplasia. Leukemia 73 15920488
2005 Expression of Wilms tumor gene (WT1) in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecologic oncology 73 16263157
2003 Genomic imprinting at the WT1 gene involves a novel coding transcript (AWT1) that shows deregulation in Wilms' tumours. Human molecular genetics 66 14681303
2008 Dynamic interaction between WT1 and BASP1 in transcriptional regulation during differentiation. Nucleic acids research 65 19050011
2003 Proteoglycans and WT1 as markers for distinguishing adenocarcinoma, epithelioid mesothelioma, and benign mesothelium. The Journal of pathology 64 12635139
2015 Towards an understanding of kidney diseases associated with WT1 mutations. Kidney international 62 26154924
1999 WT1: what has the last decade told us? BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 60 10333728
2010 WT1 and kidney progenitor cells. Organogenesis 58 20885852
1999 Multiple roles for the Wilms' tumor suppressor, WT1. Cancer research 55 10197591
2009 A cell-autonomous role for WT1 in regulating Sry in vivo. Human molecular genetics 53 19549635
2005 WT1 and WT1-AS genes are inactivated by promoter methylation in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Cancer 52 16134181
2002 The role of WT1 in oncogenesis: tumor suppressor or oncogene? International journal of hematology 51 12215009
1998 WT1--more than a transcription factor? Trends in biochemical sciences 51 9810227
1994 Expression of WT1 protein in fetal kidneys and Wilms tumors. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 51 7967503
2015 WT1-AS promotes cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma through down-regulating of WT1. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 50 26462627
1992 RNA expression of the WT1 gene in Wilms' tumors in relation to histology. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 50 1311774
1999 WT1 and GATA1 expression in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemia. Leukemia 48 10360378
2021 LINC00839/miR-144-3p/WTAP (WT1 Associated protein) axis is involved in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Bioengineered 42 34634995
2007 Expression of WT1 protein and correlation with cellular proliferation in glial tumors. Neurologia medico-chirurgica 42 17457020
2016 The Role of WT1 in Embryonic Development and Normal Organ Homeostasis. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 41 27417957
2018 Genetic and epigenetic evolution as a contributor to WT1-mutant leukemogenesis. Blood 40 30064973
2008 Expression of CD56 and WT1 in ovarian stroma and ovarian stromal tumors. The American journal of surgical pathology 39 18425046
1997 Paternal expression of WT1 in human fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Human molecular genetics 39 9361029
2005 WT1 expression in angiogenic tumours of the skin. Histopathology 36 15982325
2010 The clinical relevance of Wilms Tumour 1 (WT1) gene mutations in acute leukaemia. Hematological oncology 35 20013787
2005 Upregulation of Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) in desmoid tumors. International journal of cancer 35 15540161
1998 The Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1: approaches to gene function. Kidney international 35 9607183
2007 Upregulation of Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) in uterine sarcomas. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 34 17531467
2009 Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) as a target in curcumin treatment of pancreatic cancer cells. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 33 19196508
2008 TSA downregulates Wilms tumor gene 1 (Wt1) expression at multiple levels. Nucleic acids research 33 18535006
2002 Cancer immunotherapy targeting WT1 protein. International journal of hematology 33 12215010
2018 Activation of podocyte Notch mediates early Wt1 glomerulopathy. Kidney international 32 29398135
2012 Immunohistochemical expression of Wilms' tumor protein (WT1) in developing human epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Acta histochemica 32 22673530
2007 A CTCF-binding silencer regulates the imprinted genes AWT1 and WT1-AS and exhibits sequential epigenetic defects during Wilms' tumourigenesis. Human molecular genetics 32 17210670
2006 hnRNP-U directly interacts with WT1 and modulates WT1 transcriptional activation. Oncogene 32 16924231
1999 Mutations of the WT1 gene in childhood nonlymphoid hematological malignancies. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 32 10338002
2011 WT1 expression in the female genital tract. Advances in anatomic pathology 31 21993272
2008 Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecologic oncology 30 18929401
2013 Immunolocalization of Wilms' Tumor protein (WT1) in developing human peripheral sympathetic and gastroenteric nervous system. Acta histochemica 29 23791475
2013 Prohibitin is required for transcriptional repression by the WT1-BASP1 complex. Oncogene 29 24166496
2001 Expression of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) in human endometrium: regulation through decidual differentiation. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 28 11739471
2001 Forced expression of the Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene inhibits proliferation of human hematopoietic CD34(+) progenitor cells. Leukemia 28 11753613
1998 Wilms tumor gene (WT1) as a new marker for the detection of minimal residual disease in leukemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 28 9669676
2014 WT1 regulates angiogenesis in Ewing Sarcoma. Oncotarget 27 24810959
2011 Expression of WT1 during normal human kidney development. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 27 21888469
1995 Transcription factors in renal development: the WT1 and Pax-2 story. Seminars in nephrology 27 7569406
2020 Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) promotes ovarian cancer progression by regulating E-cadherin and ERK1/2 signaling. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 26 32892698
1999 Coordinate action of Wt1 and a modifier gene supports embryonic survival in the oviduct. Molecular reproduction and development 26 10092116
1997 The Wilms tumour gene WT1 in leukaemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 26 9402320
2015 Regional differences in WT-1 and Tcf21 expression during ventricular development: implications for myocardial compaction. PloS one 24 26390289
2015 Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) protein: Diagnostic utility in pediatric tumors. Acta histochemica 23 25881478
2013 WT1 regulates the expression of inhibitory chemokines during heart development. Human molecular genetics 23 23900076
1997 Mutation analysis of the WT1 gene in sporadic childhood leukaemia. Leukemia 23 9001425
2022 The Role of Wilms' Tumor Gene (WT1) Expression as a Marker of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Journal of clinical medicine 22 35743376
2014 The development of Wilms tumor: from WT1 and microRNA to animal models. Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 25018051
2002 Wilms tumor gene (WT1) expression as a panleukemic marker. International journal of hematology 22 12215007
2014 WT1 expression increases with malignancy and indicates unfavourable outcome in astrocytoma. Journal of clinical pathology 21 24607494
2013 Wt1 in the kidney--a tale in mouse models. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 21 24240471
2003 WT1 and glomerular function. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 21 14627122
2021 PRMT5 regulates ovarian follicle development by facilitating Wt1 translation. eLife 20 34448450
2018 DNA and RNA binding by the Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) protein +KTS and -KTS isoforms-From initial observations to recent global genomic analyses. European journal of haematology 20 29240258
2016 Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1), TP53, RAS/BRAF and KIT aberrations in testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer letters 20 27085458
2004 Expression of WT-1, Bcl-2, and CD34 by primary renal spindle cell tumors in children. Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society 20 15630525
2015 A role of WT1 in cell division and genomic stability. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 19 25789599
2015 Wt1, the mesothelium and the origins and heterogeneity of visceral fat progenitors. Adipocyte 19 26257994
2014 The frequency and significance of WT-1 expression in serous endometrial carcinoma. Human pathology 19 25033726
2014 The WT1 gene--its role in tumourigenesis and prospects for immunotherapeutic advances. In vivo (Athens, Greece) 19 25189877
2002 A review of the Wilms' tumor 1 gene (WT1) and its role in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Journal of hematotherapy & stem cell research 19 12201948
1999 Expression of Wilms tumor gene (WT1) in children with acute leukemia. Pediatric hematology and oncology 19 10100271
2023 WT1+ glomerular parietal epithelial progenitors promote renal proximal tubule regeneration after severe acute kidney injury. Theranostics 18 36923529
2016 WT1 Mutation in Childhood Cancer. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 18 27417955
2012 HIF-1α, VEGF and WT-1 are protagonists in bilateral primary angiosarcoma of breast: a case report and review of literature. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 18 22558480
2000 Requirement of WT1 for gonad and adrenal development: insights from transgenic animals. Endocrine research 17 11196418

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