Affinage

SDC1

Syndecan-1 · UniProt P18827

Length
310 aa
Mass
32.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/7 claims corpus-supported (86%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate (and chondroitin sulfate) proteoglycan whose ectodomain glycosaminoglycan chains capture extracellular ligands and whose cytoplasmic domain transduces these binding events into endocytic and cytoskeletal responses (PMID:9294130, PMID:25662098). Through ligand clustering of its transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain it drives a microfilament- and tyrosine-kinase-dependent internalization route distinct from clathrin-coated pits, mediating uptake of lipoprotein-lipase-enriched lipoproteins and serving as an entry portal for pathogens including Opa-expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and HSV-1, with the cytoplasmic tail being required for bacterial uptake (PMID:9294130, PMID:11207564, PMID:21148276). As a co-adhesion receptor for type I collagen alongside α2β1 integrin, SDC1 governs the RhoA/Rac1 balance, focal adhesion assembly, and cell spreading and motility (PMID:20036233), and its loss in vivo impairs macrophage migration while worsening atherosclerotic burden (PMID:25550207). In cancer, membrane-retained versus shed SDC1 act as a molecular switch: membrane SDC1 supports proliferation and restrains invasion, whereas the shed ectodomain promotes invasion by downregulating TIMP-1 and E-cadherin (PMID:19126645), and dynamic endocytic recycling of surface CD138 toggles myeloma cells between proliferative IL-6R-high and disseminative motile states (PMID:31439945). SDC1 captures IGF1R at the myeloma cell surface to sustain IGF1R kinase activity that phosphorylates and inhibits ASK1, suppressing JNK/caspase-3-mediated apoptosis (PMID:27364558). Following irradiation it scaffolds a TGM2–FLOT1–BHMT complex that traffics from the membrane to lysosomes to coordinate autophagosome–lysosome fusion via the STX17–SNAP29–VAMP8 SNARE machinery, conferring glioblastoma radioresistance (PMID:35913916, PMID:37441590). SDC1 also regulates exosome biogenesis, supporting heparanase- and syntenin–ALIX-dependent intraluminal budding and controlling exosomal miRNA cargo (PMID:25732677, PMID:29355516).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Established that the SDC1 core protein itself mediates ligand internalization through a non-clathrin, microfilament- and tyrosine-kinase-dependent pathway triggered by transmembrane/cytoplasmic clustering, defining SDC1 as an active endocytic receptor rather than a passive co-receptor.

    Evidence CHO cell transfection with chimeric FcR-Syndecan-1 constructs and pharmacological dissection (cytochalasin B, genistein) of lipoprotein internalization kinetics

    PMID:9294130

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the cytoplasmic effectors linking clustering to microfilaments not defined
    • Tyrosine kinase responsible not identified
  2. 2000 High

    Demonstrated that the SDC1 cytoplasmic tail is functionally required for pathogen entry, generalizing its endocytic role to bacterial invasion and implicating intracellular adaptor motifs.

    Evidence HeLa overexpression of wild-type and cytoplasmic-deletion/point-mutant syndecan-1/-4 constructs with Neisseria gonorrhoeae invasion assays

    PMID:11207564

    Open questions at the time
    • Which SDC1 cytoplasmic adaptor mediates uptake not mapped
    • Mechanistic link to the lipoprotein internalization route not tested directly
  3. 2003 Medium

    Showed SDC1 glycosaminoglycan chains capture the chemokine RANTES/CCL5 and present it to CCR5, positioning SDC1 as a chemokine co-receptor at the macrophage surface.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and glycosaminidase pre-treatment with binding inhibition assays on monocyte-derived macrophages

    PMID:14637022

    Open questions at the time
    • Co-IP from a single lab without reciprocal structural validation
    • Functional consequence for CCR5 signaling not measured here
  4. 2008 High

    Defined the membrane-bound versus shed SDC1 dichotomy as a switch between proliferative and invasive phenotypes, linking ectodomain shedding to TIMP-1/E-cadherin downregulation and reduced FGF-2/MAPK signaling.

    Evidence Stable WT, constitutively shed, and uncleavable SDC1 constructs plus siRNA in MCF-7 cells with Matrigel invasion, MAPK Western blot, and microarray

    PMID:19126645

    Open questions at the time
    • Protease driving physiological shedding not identified here
    • Direct receptor for the shed ectodomain unknown
  5. 2009 High

    Identified SDC1 as a collagen-I co-adhesion receptor that controls RhoA/Rac1 balance and focal adhesion dynamics, explaining its substrate-specific regulation of motility.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in squamous carcinoma cells with adhesion, RhoA/Rac1 activation assays, focal adhesion staining, and motility on multiple ECM substrates

    PMID:20036233

    Open questions at the time
    • Cytoplasmic signaling link from SDC1 to RhoA/Rac1 not defined
    • Role of HS chains versus core protein in collagen co-adhesion not separated
  6. 2009 Medium

    Showed SDC1 (with SDC4) is required for chemokine- and apoptosis-related signaling, extending its co-receptor function to RANTES-induced migration and placing it upstream of JunB/FLIP-L-dependent survival.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with Boyden chamber migration in hepatoma cells, and separate urothelial siRNA with JunB/FLIP-L Western blot plus orthotopic mouse model

    PMID:19632304 PMID:19860843

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link from SDC1 to JunB/FLIP-L transcription not established
    • Direct versus indirect contribution to FAK/PI3K signaling not resolved
  7. 2015 High

    Established SDC1 as a substrate of heparanase-mediated HS trimming that drives syntenin–ALIX-dependent intraluminal budding and exosome biogenesis, defining a molecular route for SDC1-controlled vesicle secretion.

    Evidence Reciprocal gain/loss of heparanase and syntenin-1/ALIX with exosome fractionation, Western blot, and EM of endosomal membranes

    PMID:25732677

    Open questions at the time
    • How SDC1 cargo selection determines exosome content not defined here
    • Contribution of the SDC1 cytoplasmic tail to budding not dissected
  8. 2015 High

    Demonstrated SDC1 chondroitin sulfate chains bind IL-34 and modulate M-CSFR signaling, broadening its ligand repertoire to a CS-dependent cytokine co-receptor function.

    Evidence SPR and radiolabel binding assays, chondroitinase treatment, overexpression/siRNA, and migration assays in myeloid cells

    PMID:25662098

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the SDC1–IL-34–M-CSFR ternary complex unknown
    • In vivo relevance not established
  9. 2016 High

    Revealed that SDC1 captures IGF1R to sustain its kinase activity, which phosphorylates and inhibits ASK1 and thereby blocks apoptosis, providing a direct survival mechanism in myeloma and a peptide-based therapeutic strategy.

    Evidence SDC1–IGF1R co-IP, SSTNIGF1R peptide blocking, phospho-specific ASK1 analysis, apoptosis assays, and xenograft validation

    PMID:27364558

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of SDC1–IGF1R capture not resolved
    • Generality beyond myeloma not tested here
  10. 2019 High

    Showed that endocytic recycling of surface CD138 dynamically switches myeloma cells between proliferative and disseminative states, connecting SDC1 trafficking to disease behavior.

    Evidence In vivo Vk*MYC myeloma model with flow cytometry, motility imaging, endocytosis assays, and CD138-neutralizing antibody

    PMID:31439945

    Open questions at the time
    • Trafficking machinery controlling recycling not identified
    • Molecular basis of enhanced IL-6R signaling in CD138-high cells unresolved
  11. 2023 High

    Defined a post-irradiation SDC1–TGM2–FLOT1–BHMT complex that traffics TGM2 to lysosomes and coordinates autophagosome–lysosome fusion through the STX17–SNAP29–VAMP8 SNARE machinery, establishing SDC1 as a scaffold for autophagic flux and radioresistance.

    Evidence Co-IP defining the multi-protein complex, mRFP-GFP-LC3 flux imaging, EM, knockdowns, and in vivo TGM2-inhibitor GBM models

    PMID:35913916 PMID:37441590

    Open questions at the time
    • How irradiation triggers SDC1–TGM2 trafficking not defined
    • Role of HS/CS chains versus core protein in this scaffold not separated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How SDC1's distinct cytoplasmic effectors are partitioned across its many roles — endocytosis, collagen-driven Rho/Rac signaling, IGF1R capture, exosome budding, and autophagy scaffolding — remains unresolved.
  • No unified map of cytoplasmic-tail adaptor usage across functions
  • Relative contribution of HS versus CS chains to each ligand interaction not systematized
  • Structural models of SDC1-containing complexes absent

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0038024 cargo receptor activity 1 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005764 lysosome 2 GO:0005768 endosome 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 2
Partners
BHMTFLOT1IGF1RSDC2SDC4TGM2
Complex memberships
SDC1-TGM2-FLOT1-BHMT complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 Syndecan-1 core protein directly mediates internalization of lipoprotein lipase-enriched lipoproteins via a pathway distinct from clathrin-coated pits; the internalization requires microfilaments (cytochalasin B-sensitive) and tyrosine kinase activity (genistein-sensitive), and is triggered by ligand clustering of the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain. CHO cell transfection with syndecan-1 expression vector; chimeric FcR-Synd1 construct; internalization kinetics and pharmacological inhibitors (cytochalasin B, genistein) The Journal of clinical investigation High 9294130
2000 Syndecan-1 (and syndecan-4) mediate invasion of OpaHSPG-expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae into epithelial cells; the intracellular domains of both syndecans are required for bacterial uptake, as dominant-negative truncation mutants lacking the cytoplasmic tail abolish invasion. Syndecan-4 mutants lacking the PKC/PIP2-binding dimerization motif or the C-terminal EFYA motif (which binds syntenin/CASK) also lose invasion capacity. HeLa cell overexpression of wild-type and cytoplasmic-deletion/point-mutant syndecan-1 and -4 constructs; bacterial invasion assay; co-localization by microscopy Cellular microbiology High 11207564
2003 RANTES/CCL5 specifically binds to syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 (but not syndecan-2) on human monocyte-derived macrophages; this binding is dependent on the glycosaminoglycan chains and facilitates subsequent interaction of RANTES with the GPCR CCR5. Co-immunoprecipitation; glycosaminidase pre-treatment of cells; binding inhibition assays Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 14637022
2008 Membrane-bound syndecan-1 promotes MCF-7 cell proliferation and inhibits invasiveness, whereas constitutively shed (soluble) syndecan-1 decreases proliferation and promotes invasion into Matrigel; FGF-2-mediated MAPK signaling is reduced by siRNA knockdown of syndecan-1. Soluble SDC1 downregulates TIMP-1 and E-cadherin, accounting for the pro-invasive switch. Stable transfection of wild-type, constitutively shed, and uncleavable SDC1 constructs in MCF-7; siRNA knockdown; Matrigel invasion; Western blot for MAPK signaling; Affymetrix microarray Carcinogenesis High 19126645
2009 Syndecan-1 acts as a co-adhesion receptor for Type I collagen (alongside α2β1 integrin) in squamous cell carcinoma cells; siRNA-mediated depletion of Sdc1 reduces adhesion to collagen I, abolishes adhesion-induced RhoA activation, strongly activates Rac1, reduces focal adhesion plaque formation, and enhances cell spreading and motility specifically on collagen I substrates. siRNA knockdown; adhesion assays; RhoA/Rac1 activation assays; focal adhesion staining; cell motility on various ECM substrates Experimental cell research High 20036233
2009 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 are required for RANTES/CCL5-induced migration and invasion of human hepatoma cells; siRNA knockdown of SDC1 or SDC4 reduces cell chemotaxis and spreading induced by RANTES/CCL5; the chemokine effect depends on FAK phosphorylation, PI3K, MAPK, and Rho kinase activation. siRNA knockdown of SDC1 and SDC4; pharmacological inhibitors; Boyden chamber migration/invasion assay; Western blot for FAK phosphorylation Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 19632304
2010 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 gene silencing by RNA interference reduces HSV-1 entry and plaque formation in host cells; conversely, HSV-1 infection increases syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 protein synthesis and surface heparan sulfate expression. siRNA knockdown of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2; viral entry and plaque formation assays; flow cytometry The Journal of general virology Medium 21148276
2012 Syndecan-1 overexpression in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells promotes proliferation and chemotaxis via upregulation of syndecan-2; the pro-migratory effect of syndecan-1 is abolished when syndecan-2 is silenced. The ectodomain of syndecan-1 is dispensable for cytoplasmic-domain-mediated proliferative effects in vitro. Syndecan-1 overexpression activates IGF1R and increases Ets-1 expression. Transfection of full-length and truncated syndecan-1 constructs; syndecan-2 antisense silencing; in vitro proliferation, migration, invasion assays; Western blot for IGF1R and Ets-1; in vivo xenograft PloS one Medium 22745764
2015 Heparanase stimulates the exosomal secretion of syntenin-1, syndecan and CD63 in a concentration-dependent and syntenin-1/ALIX-dependent manner by trimming the heparan sulfate chains on syndecans; syndecans (but not glypicans) support exosome biogenesis in heparanase-exposed cells. Heparanase stimulates intraluminal budding of syndecan and syntenin-1 in endosomes, dependent on the syntenin-ALIX interaction. Overexpression/knockdown of heparanase and syntenin-1/ALIX in cell lines; exosome fractionation and Western blot; electron microscopy of endosomal membranes; glypican vs syndecan comparison Cell research High 25732677
2015 Syndecan-1 binds IL-34 via its chondroitin sulfate chains and modulates IL-34-induced M-CSFR signaling; syndecan-1 overexpression or a blocking anti-syndecan antibody alters M-CSFR phosphorylation patterns. IL-34-induced migration of myeloid cells (THP-1, M2a macrophages) is syndecan-1 dependent. Scatchard and binding inhibition assays with 125I-radiolabelled cytokines; surface plasmon resonance; chondroitinase treatment; syndecan-1 overexpression and siRNA; Western blot for M-CSFR phosphorylation; migration assays with blocking antibody Biochimica et biophysica acta High 25662098
2016 Syndecan-1 (CD138) captures IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) on multiple myeloma cell surfaces, maintaining constitutive and ligand-induced IGF1R kinase activity that phosphorylates and inhibits ASK1 (at Tyr and Ser83/Ser966), thereby suppressing ASK1-dependent, JNK/caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. A peptide inhibitor (SSTNIGF1R) that blocks IGF1R capture by SDC1 restores ASK1 activity and triggers apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation of SDC1 and IGF1R; peptide inhibitor (SSTNIGF1R) blocking assay; Western blot for IGF1R kinase activity, ASK1 phosphorylation; apoptosis assays; in vivo xenograft tumor model Cancer research High 27364558
2014 Syndecan-1 deficiency (Sdc-1−/− mice) causes impaired macrophage migration and enhanced adhesion in M2 macrophages; Sdc-1−/− macrophages show delayed lymphatic clearance in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and greater atherosclerotic plaque burden in ApoE−/−Sdc-1−/− mice on Western diet. Sdc-1 null mouse model; in vitro migration and adhesion assays; in vivo thioglycollate peritonitis model; ApoE/Sdc-1 double knockout atherosclerosis model Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology High 25550207
2019 Dynamic endocytic recycling of CD138/syndecan-1 surface expression in myeloma cells regulates a switch between high-proliferation/low-motility (CD138-high) and low-proliferation/high-motility (CD138-negative) states; neutralizing CD138 rapidly triggers migration and intravasation in vivo, leading to increased bone dissemination. CD138-high myeloma cells show enhanced IL-6R signaling and superior engraftment. In vivo Vk*MYC murine myeloma model; flow cytometry; in vivo motility imaging; endocytosis trafficking assays; CD138-neutralizing antibody; bortezomib combination treatment Leukemia High 31439945
2022 After irradiation, SDC1 binds TGM2 and transports it from the cell membrane to lysosomes; TGM2 then binds LC3 on autophagosomes via LC3-interacting regions (LIRs) to coordinate autophagosome-lysosome fusion, enabling EPG5 to stabilize the STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 SNARE complex. SDC1-TGM2 interaction is required for autophagic flux and radioresistance in glioblastoma. Co-immunoprecipitation; confocal microscopy (mRFP-GFP-LC3 flux reporter); transmission electron microscopy; Western blot; SDC1/TGM2 knockdown; TGM2 inhibitor (cystamine) in vivo mouse GBM model Autophagy High 35913916
2023 SDC1 forms a complex with TGM2, FLOT1, and BHMT to maintain autophagic flux: after irradiation SDC1 carries TGM2 from the cell membrane into cytoplasm and to lysosomes via FLOT1; TGM2 then recognizes BHMT on autophagosomes to coordinate autophagosome-lysosome encounter. This SDC1-TGM2-FLOT1-BHMT complex promotes GBM radioresistance. Co-IP assays; colony formation; flow cytometry; qPCR; Western blot; mRFP-GFP-LC3; transmission electron microscopy; immunofluorescence Theranostics High 37441590
2009 Syndecan-1 knockdown in urothelial carcinoma cells (siRNA) downregulates transcription factor JunB and the long isoform of FLIP (FLIP-L), leading to pan-caspase-inhibitor-sensitive apoptosis. In vivo transurethral siRNA injection reduces SDC1 expression and tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse bladder cancer model. siRNA transfection; Western blot for JunB and FLIP-L; apoptosis assays with pan-caspase inhibitor; orthotopic mouse bladder cancer model Cancer science Medium 19860843
2008 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 have opposing roles in PEI-mediated gene delivery: SDC1 overexpression enhances transfection efficiency, while SDC2 dramatically inhibits it; the inhibitory effect maps to the SDC2 ectodomain (shown by chimera experiments), whereas the SDC1 cytoplasmic tail is required for gene expression but not for clustering or endocytosis. Both form lipid-raft-dependent clusters with PEI polyplexes. Overexpression of SDC1/SDC2 and cytoplasmic deletion/chimeric constructs in HEK293; GFP reporter gene expression; confocal microscopy; lipid raft disruption The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 18216019
2020 SDC1 promotes cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway; SDC1 knockdown re-sensitizes resistant HepG2 cells to cisplatin, and SDC1 overexpression confers resistance to naïve HepG2 cells. PI3K inhibition overcomes SDC1-mediated resistance. SDC1 knockdown and overexpression in HepG2; cell viability/proliferation assays; Western blot for p-AKT/AKT; PI3K inhibitor co-treatment Human cell Medium 32314115
2013 Syndecan-1 overexpression in a rat myocardial infarction model reduces post-MI ventricular remodeling and inhibits the p38 MAPK signaling pathway; Sdc1-overexpressing rats show decreased collagen synthesis, reduced apoptosis, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Intramyocardial injection of adenovirus-carrying Sdc1 cDNA in rat MI model; cardiac function assessment; Western blot for p38 MAPK activation; collagen quantification; histology Inflammation Medium 23264165
2015 Syndecan-1 overexpression in malignant mesothelioma cells downregulates SULF1 (a 6-O-sulfatase), alters heparan sulfate chain composition (increases trisulfated disaccharides 2.5-fold, reduces total HS 2.7-fold), and enhances ERK1/2 activity 6-fold while inhibiting Akt, WNK1, and c-Jun, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest. SDC1 overexpression in mesothelioma cells; biochemical HS characterization (disaccharide analysis); Western blot for ERK1/2, Akt, WNK1, c-Jun; cell cycle analysis; correlation with pleural effusion SULF1 levels Cellular signalling Medium 26210886
2018 Syndecan-1 controls the miRNA cargo packaged within exosomes exported from lung cancer cells; loss of syndecan-1 shifts exosomal miRNA content toward pro-cancer signaling profiles and augments lung tumorigenesis in cell-based and animal models. Syndecan-1 loss-of-function in lung cancer cell lines and animal models; exosome isolation; miRNA profiling; tumorigenesis assays The American journal of pathology Medium 29355516

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 289 22033227
2015 Heparanase activates the syndecan-syntenin-ALIX exosome pathway. Cell research 272 25732677
2001 EphB/syndecan-2 signaling in dendritic spine morphogenesis. Neuron 262 11580899
2004 CD138 (syndecan-1), a plasma cell marker immunohistochemical profile in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms. American journal of clinical pathology 209 14983940
1997 The syndecan family of proteoglycans. Novel receptors mediating internalization of atherogenic lipoproteins in vitro. The Journal of clinical investigation 204 9294130
2001 Syndecan-4 and focal adhesion function. Current opinion in cell biology 183 11544026
2013 Syndecan-4 signaling at a glance. Journal of cell science 178 23970415
2009 Differential roles for membrane-bound and soluble syndecan-1 (CD138) in breast cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 160 19126645
2013 The heparanase/syndecan-1 axis in cancer: mechanisms and therapies. The FEBS journal 155 23374281
2009 The signaling mechanisms of syndecan heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Current opinion in cell biology 153 19535238
2015 Syntenin and syndecan in the biogenesis of exosomes. Biology of the cell 152 26032692
1999 Syndecan-4 and integrins: combinatorial signaling in cell adhesion. Journal of cell science 144 10504290
2002 Syndecan-2 mediates adhesion and proliferation of colon carcinoma cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 141 12055189
2002 Syndecan-4 modulates focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. The Journal of biological chemistry 119 12087088
2001 Syndecan-4-mediated signalling. Cellular signalling 113 11728825
2011 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 are independent indicators in breast carcinoma. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 100 21430259
1996 The role of syndecan-1 in malignancies. Annals of medicine 100 8932508
2005 Syndecan regulates cell migration and axon guidance in C. elegans. Development (Cambridge, England) 99 16176946
2015 Syndecan-1 and Its Expanding List of Contacts. Advances in wound care 98 25945286
2006 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 are overexpressed in an estrogen receptor-negative, highly proliferative breast carcinoma subtype. Breast cancer research and treatment 98 16636895
1998 Molecular interactions of the syndecan core proteins. Current opinion in cell biology 98 9818173
2005 Transmembrane domain-induced oligomerization is crucial for the functions of syndecan-2 and syndecan-4. The Journal of biological chemistry 92 16253987
2020 Syndecan-4 tunes cell mechanics by activating the kindlin-integrin-RhoA pathway. Nature materials 89 31907416
2010 Syndecan-3 and Notch cooperate in regulating adult myogenesis. The Journal of cell biology 89 20696709
2014 Advances in the molecular functions of syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) in the pathogenesis of malignancies. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 80 25563413
2005 Syndecan-2. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 80 16198615
2000 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 can mediate the invasion of OpaHSPG-expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae into epithelial cells. Cellular microbiology 80 11207564
2015 Syndecan-1 regulates the biological activities of interleukin-34. Biochimica et biophysica acta 78 25662098
1989 The Caenorhabditis elegans gene sdc-2 controls sex determination and dosage compensation in XX animals. Genetics 78 2759421
1987 sdc-1: a link between sex determination and dosage compensation in C. elegans. Cell 78 3791412
2013 CD138 (syndecan-1) expression in health and disease. Histology and histopathology 77 24150912
1998 Syndecan proteoglycans and cell adhesion. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 74 9881599
2010 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 play key roles in herpes simplex virus type-1 infection. The Journal of general virology 68 21148276
2012 Syndecan and integrin interactomes: large complexes in small spaces. Current opinion in structural biology 64 22841476
1997 SDC-3 coordinates the assembly of a dosage compensation complex on the nematode X chromosome. Development (Cambridge, England) 64 9056777
2014 Shed syndecan-2 inhibits angiogenesis. Journal of cell science 62 25179601
2009 Syndecan signaling: when, where and why? Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 62 20083849
2019 Dynamic CD138 surface expression regulates switch between myeloma growth and dissemination. Leukemia 60 31439945
2016 Syndecan-1 (CD138) Suppresses Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma by Activating IGF1 Receptor: Prevention by SynstatinIGF1R Inhibits Tumor Growth. Cancer research 60 27364558
2002 Syndecan-1 in B lymphoid malignancies. Annals of hematology 60 11904737
1993 Independent domains of the Sdc-3 protein control sex determination and dosage compensation in C. elegans. Cell 58 8431944
2008 Syndecan-1 (CD138) and Ki-67 expression in different subtypes of ameloblastomas. Oral oncology 57 18207448
2022 SDC1-dependent TGM2 determines radiosensitivity in glioblastoma by coordinating EPG5-mediated fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Autophagy 55 35913916
2017 Emerging roles of syndecan 2 in epithelial and mesenchymal cancer progression. IUBMB life 54 28940845
2022 Cholesterol-induced LRP3 downregulation promotes cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by targeting Syndecan-4. Nature communications 51 36414669
2008 Opposing roles of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 in polyethyleneimine-mediated gene delivery. The Journal of biological chemistry 51 18216019
2016 Low Soluble Syndecan-1 Precedes Preeclampsia. PloS one 50 27299886
1996 Expression of syndecan-3 and tenascin-C: possible involvement in periosteum development. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 50 8676253
2013 Changes of placental syndecan-1 expression in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 49 23807541
2009 Sdc1 negatively modulates carcinoma cell motility and invasion. Experimental cell research 49 20036233
1998 Expression of syndecan-1 in human placenta and decidua. Placenta 49 9548182
2021 Syndecan receptors: pericellular regulators in development and inflammatory disease. Open biology 48 33561383
2021 Syndecan-1 (CD138), Carcinomas and EMT. International journal of molecular sciences 48 33921767
2019 Prevalence of Syndecan-1 (CD138) Expression in Different Kinds of Human Tumors and Normal Tissues. Disease markers 48 31976021
2015 Wnt Signaling Cascades and the Roles of Syndecan Proteoglycans. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 46 25910817
2003 Interaction of RANTES with syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 expressed by human primary macrophages. Biochimica et biophysica acta 45 14637022
2014 Syndecan-1 modulates the motility and resolution responses of macrophages. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 44 25550207
2009 Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 are involved in RANTES/CCL5-induced migration and invasion of human hepatoma cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 44 19632304
2009 Role of syndecan-1 (CD138) in cell survival of human urothelial carcinoma. Cancer science 44 19860843
2010 Characterisation and relevance of CD138-negative plasma cells in plasma cell myeloma. International journal of laboratory hematology 41 20201998
1999 Syndecan-1 (CD138) expression in human non-Hodgkin lymphomas. British journal of haematology 41 10050727
2022 Targeting syndecan-1: new opportunities in cancer therapy. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 40 35584326
2016 Soluble syndecan-1 (SDC1) serum level as an independent pre-operative predictor of cancer-specific survival in prostate cancer. The Prostate 39 27062540
2024 NETs induce ferroptosis of endothelial cells in LPS-ALI through SDC-1/HS and downstream pathways. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 37 38677244
2018 Syndecan-1 Controls Lung Tumorigenesis by Regulating miRNAs Packaged in Exosomes. The American journal of pathology 37 29355516
2016 Syndecan-4 in intervertebral disc and cartilage: Saint or synner? Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 37 26796346
2021 Syndecan-4 in Tumor Cell Motility. Cancers 36 34282767
2020 Syndecan-3 in Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Frontiers in immunology 36 31998313
2012 Syndecan-1 enhances proliferation, migration and metastasis of HT-1080 cells in cooperation with syndecan-2. PloS one 33 22745764
1998 Syndecan-3 in limb skeletal development. Microscopy research and technique 33 9822999
2023 SDC1-TGM2-FLOT1-BHMT complex determines radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by influencing the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Theranostics 32 37441590
2020 Involvement of Syndecan-1 and Heparanase in Cancer and Inflammation. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 32 32274708
2010 Shedding; towards a new paradigm of syndecan function in cancer. BMB reports 31 20510012
2020 Chronic endometritis and reproductive failure: Role of syndecan-1. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 29 32329146
2019 Relationship between SDC1 and cadherin signalling activation in cancer. Pathology, research and practice 29 31810587
2020 SDC1 promotes cisplatin resistance in hepatic carcinoma cells via PI3K-AKT pathway. Human cell 28 32314115
2021 MiR-665 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence by Interacting With LncRNA GAS5/SDC1. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 26 34386495
2019 Syndecan-1 in Liver Diseases. Pathology oncology research : POR 26 30826971
2015 USP38, FREM3, SDC1, DDC, and LOC727982 Gene Polymorphisms and Differential Susceptibility to Severe Malaria in Tanzania. The Journal of infectious diseases 24 25805752
2013 Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and syndecan-1 (SDC1) are potential biomarkers for putative circulating CD15+/CD30+ cells in poor outcome Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Journal of hematology & oncology 24 23988031
2020 Hypoxia Promotes Syndecan-3 Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment. Frontiers in immunology 23 33117401
2018 Beyond RGD; nanoclusters of syndecan- and integrin-binding ligands synergistically enhance cell/material interactions. Biomaterials 23 30308478
2017 Dioscin Inhibits HSC-T6 Cell Migration via Adjusting SDC-4 Expression: Insights from iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics. Frontiers in pharmacology 23 29033837
2011 Syndecan-1 (CD138) and Ki-67 expression in odontogenic cystic lesions. Brazilian dental journal 23 21915520
2010 Syndecan- and integrin-binding peptides synergistically accelerate cell adhesion. FEBS letters 23 20598296
2002 Syndecan-4: dispensable or indispensable? Glycoconjugate journal 23 12975609
2016 Anti-human CD138 monoclonal antibodies and their bispecific formats: generation and characterization. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology 22 26954291
2023 CircKIF4A combines EIF4A3 to stabilize SDC1 expression to activate c-src/FAK and promotes TNBC progression. Cellular signalling 21 37121557
2022 Syndecan-1 in liver pathophysiology. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 21 35704700
2019 Lung Adenocarcinoma Syndecan-2 Potentiates Cell Invasiveness. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 21 30562054
2015 Trans-regulation of Syndecan Functions by Hetero-oligomerization. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 25979339
2015 Syndecan-1 alters heparan sulfate composition and signaling pathways in malignant mesothelioma. Cellular signalling 20 26210886
2013 Sdc1 overexpression inhibits the p38 MAPK pathway and lessens fibrotic ventricular remodeling in MI rats. Inflammation 20 23264165
2007 Switch in syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 expression controls maturation associated dendritic cell motility. Experimental dermatology 20 17576238
2005 Expression and function of syndecan-4 in human platelets. Thrombosis and haemostasis 20 15968398
2018 Glycobiology of syndecan-1 in bacterial infections. Biochemical Society transactions 19 29523771
2016 Syndecan-4 expression is upregulated in endometriosis and contributes to an invasive phenotype. Fertility and sterility 19 27041028
2014 Syndecan-1 regulates adipogenesis: new insights in dedifferentiated liposarcoma tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 19 25344834
2012 Hepatic expression and serum levels of syndecan 1 (CD138) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 19 23137022
2015 Role of syndecan-2 in osteoblast biology and pathology. BoneKEy reports 16 25848534

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