Affinage

SATB2

DNA-binding protein SATB2 · UniProt Q9UPW6

Length
733 aa
Mass
82.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 28 papers cited in narrative 27 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SATB2 is a nuclear matrix-associated chromatin organizer that binds AT-rich DNA through CUT and homeodomain regions and shapes higher-order genome architecture — enhancer-promoter looping, sub-TAD/TAD domains, and A/B compartment organization — to enforce cell-type identity across multiple lineages (PMID:28151491, PMID:38244545, PMID:34244292). Domain mutations in CUT1 increase, and CUT2/HOX-region mutations decrease, the protein's nuclear mobility, defining these domains as mediators of chromatin/matrix association (PMID:28151491). SATB2 acts as a context-dependent transcriptional switch: it represses target loci by engaging the NuRD/HDAC machinery (HDAC1, MTA2) at AT-rich sites (PMID:18333962), and activates loci such as FOXM1 by recruiting the acetyltransferase CBP to a matrix-attachment region (PMID:33124191). In the developing neocortex it specifies upper-layer callosal neuron identity by repressing Ctip2 and downstream axon-guidance genes, and in the adult forebrain it couples synaptic activity to long-term memory by reorganizing the 3D chromatin landscape of activity-regulated genes, acting both independently and with CTCF (PMID:18255031, PMID:18255030, PMID:24739528, PMID:27897969, PMID:38244545). The same architectural logic maintains identity elsewhere: SATB2 preserves LGR5+ colonic stem-cell fate by retaining CDX2/HNF4A on tissue-specific enhancers through an MTA2-containing complex (PMID:34582804, PMID:38678016), cooperates with Runx2 and ATF4 to drive osteoblast differentiation (PMID:16751105), and antagonizes SATB1 to sustain pluripotency-associated Nanog expression in ES cells (PMID:19933152). SATB2 activity is post-translationally gated: ZFP451-mediated SUMO2 modification redirects it to silence pluripotency genes and reorganize chromatin contacts to drive ES-cell differentiation (PMID:34244292), while caspase-7 cleavage removes SATB2 to release a chromatin block on myogenic differentiation (PMID:35326417). Its expression is set by upstream signals acting at the SATB2 promoter, including ERβ-mediated estrogen induction, NF-κB/TNF-α suppression, and Ezh2-deposited H3K27me3 silencing (PMID:29030963, PMID:29435145, PMID:31908011). Dysregulated SATB2 contributes to multiple cancers, promoting glioblastoma and renal carcinoma proliferation, melanoma invasion, and leukemic differentiation arrest (PMID:33124191, PMID:36598364, PMID:33527896, PMID:30610188).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2006 High

    Established SATB2 as a transcriptional cofactor that physically partners with lineage transcription factors, answering how it contributes to osteoblast specification.

    Evidence Co-IP, luciferase transactivation, and double-heterozygous mouse genetic epistasis with Runx2/ATF4

    PMID:16751105

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve whether SATB2 acts via chromatin architecture or direct co-activation
    • Repression of Hoxa2 mechanism not detailed
  2. 2008 High

    Defined SATB2's role in cortical neuron identity by showing it binds and represses Ctip2 to specify callosal versus corticospinal fate.

    Evidence ChIP at Ctip2 locus, ectopic expression, and Satb2 knockout mice with axonal/expression readouts (two concurrent papers)

    PMID:18255030 PMID:18255031

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the repressive cofactor machinery
    • Downstream effector genes not yet mapped
  3. 2008 Medium

    Identified the molecular basis of SATB2-mediated repression as recruitment of the NuRD/HDAC complex.

    Evidence In vitro DNA-affinity binding, ChIP, and TSA pharmacological rescue showing HDAC1/MTA2 interaction in cortical neurons

    PMID:18333962

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Stoichiometry and recruitment mechanism to specific loci unresolved
  4. 2009 High

    Revealed an antagonistic SATB1/SATB2 relationship at the Nanog locus governing ES-cell pluripotency.

    Evidence ChIP, single and double Satb1/Satb2 knockout ES cells, forced expression, cell-fusion reprogramming

    PMID:19933152

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of opposing effects not resolved
    • Did not address post-translational control
  5. 2017 Medium

    Mapped SATB2 domain functions to chromatin/matrix association via disease-variant mobility, linking structure to architectural role.

    Evidence FRAP of fluorescently-tagged mutant SATB2 in patient fibroblasts plus western blot

    PMID:28151491

    Open questions at the time
    • Mobility changes not linked to specific target-gene outcomes
    • Single lab
  6. 2020 Medium

    Showed SATB2 can also activate transcription, recruiting CBP to a MAR to drive FOXM1 and tumor proliferation, establishing its bidirectional regulatory capacity.

    Evidence ChIP at FOXM1 MAR, SATB2-CBP co-IP, shRNA, and C646 pharmacological inhibition in glioblastoma models

    PMID:33124191

    Open questions at the time
    • What determines activator vs repressor mode at a given locus unknown
    • Single lab
  7. 2020 Medium

    Connected SATB2 to nuclear envelope remodeling, linking activity-dependent nuclear shape plasticity to gene regulation in neurons.

    Evidence SATB2-LEMD2 co-IP, in vivo nuclear shape measurement, LEMD2 depletion with expression readouts

    PMID:33319920

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ESCRT-III/VPS4 interaction interface unresolved
    • Single lab
  8. 2021 High

    Established SUMO2 modification as a post-translational switch redirecting SATB2 to drive ES-cell differentiation through altered chromatin interactions.

    Evidence Conditional KO, SUMO-acceptor point mutants, ZFP451 KO, SUMO-SATB2 fusion rescue, ChIP, Hi-C, co-IP

    PMID:34244292

    Open questions at the time
    • Triggers of ZFP451 SUMOylation in vivo unclear
    • Generality to other lineages untested in this study
  9. 2021 High

    Defined SATB2 as a guardian of colonic stem-cell identity acting through CDX2/HNF4A enhancer retention.

    Evidence Inducible colonic Satb2 CKO, human organoids, and CDX2/HNF4A enhancer/ChIP analysis

    PMID:34582804

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not yet define the full SATB2 interactome retaining HNF4A
    • Reversibility kinetics unresolved
  10. 2022 Medium

    Showed caspase-7 cleavage removes SATB2 to permit chromatin remodeling and myogenic differentiation, a second post-translational control point.

    Evidence CRISPR deletion in myoblasts, genome-wide chromatin interaction mapping, caspase-7 cleavage and differentiation assays

    PMID:35326417

    Open questions at the time
    • Caspase-7 cleavage site and upstream activation signal not defined
    • Single lab
  11. 2024 High

    Provided genome-scale evidence that SATB2 organizes 3D chromatin (loops, TADs, compartments) of neuronal activity genes, acting with and independently of CTCF for cognition.

    Evidence Hi-C/HiChIP, ATAC-seq, and ChIP-seq in control vs SATB2-deficient cortical neurons

    PMID:38244545

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of CTCF-dependent vs independent action unresolved
    • Direct loop-extrusion role not established
  12. 2024 High

    Resolved the mechanism of colonic identity maintenance: an MTA2-SATB2 complex retains broadly expressed HNF4A on tissue-specific enhancers.

    Evidence SATB2 interactome proteomics, CRISPR screen, MTA2/SATB2 colonic CKO, ChIP-seq, lipid-uptake assays

    PMID:38678016

    Open questions at the time
    • How the complex selects colonic over intestinal enhancers unclear
    • Relationship to architectural looping not integrated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • What molecular features determine whether SATB2 acts as an activator (CBP) or repressor (NuRD/HDAC) at a given locus, and how its post-translational states are coordinated in vivo, remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking SUMOylation, cleavage, and cofactor choice
  • Structural basis of MAR recognition not solved in the corpus
  • Mechanism switching activator/repressor mode locus-by-locus unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4
Partners
ATF4CBPHDAC1HNF4ALEMD2MTA2RUNX2ZFP451
Complex memberships
LSD1/CoREST complexNuRD/HDAC complexSWI/SNF (BRD7/BRG1)

Evidence

Reading pass · 27 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 SATB2 binds directly to regulatory/genomic regions of the Ctip2 locus and induces changes in chromatin structure, thereby repressing Ctip2 expression and acting as a determinant of upper-layer (callosal) versus deep-layer (corticospinal) neuron identity in the developing neocortex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), ectopic expression of SATB2 in neural stem cells, genetic loss-of-function (Satb2 knockout mice) with axonal projection and gene expression readouts Neuron High 18255030 18255031
2006 SATB2 directly interacts with and enhances the transcriptional activity of both Runx2 and ATF4, transcription factors required for osteoblast differentiation; synergy was genetically confirmed by bone formation defects in Satb2/Runx2 and Satb2/Atf4 double-heterozygous mice. SATB2 also directly represses Hoxa2 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation (protein-protein interaction), luciferase transactivation assays, genetic epistasis (double-heterozygous mouse crosses), Satb2-/- mouse phenotypic analysis Cell High 16751105
2008 SATB2 physically interacts with HDAC1 and MTA2 (members of the NuRD/NURD chromatin-remodeling and histone deacetylase complex) in developing cortical neurons; this interaction is required for its repressor function at AT-rich DNA sites, as HDAC inhibitor TSA reverses SATB2-mediated repression. In vitro DNA-affinity pre-incubation specificity test, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), TSA pharmacological inhibition, semi-quantitative ChIP in knockout vs. wild-type cortices The European journal of neuroscience Medium 18333962
2009 SATB2 and SATB1 both bind the Nanog locus in vivo in embryonic stem cells and have opposing effects on Nanog expression and ES cell pluripotency; forced Satb2 expression antagonizes differentiation-associated silencing of Nanog, whereas Satb1 promotes silencing. ChIP (binding to Nanog locus), Satb1/Satb2 single and double knockout ES cells, forced expression, cell fusion reprogramming assays Genes & development High 19933152
2010 SATB2 physically interacts with ΔNp63α and augments ΔNp63α-mediated transrepression by enhancing ΔNp63α engagement to p53-family responsive elements, thereby promoting chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; RNAi knockdown of SATB2 re-sensitizes cells to chemotherapy/γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, shRNA knockdown with apoptosis readout, reporter assays EMBO reports Medium 20829881
2014 Satb2 and Ctip2 directly and negatively regulate expression of the Netrin1 receptors DCC and Unc5C, respectively, placing these axon guidance molecules downstream of Satb2/Ctip2 in the transcriptional network controlling callosal versus corticofugal axon guidance. Genetic loss-of-function (Satb2 and Ctip2 knockout mice), gene expression analysis, epistasis Nature communications Medium 24739528
2016 In adult hippocampal neurons, synaptic activity and BDNF upregulate Satb2, which then binds to promoters of coding and non-coding genes and controls hippocampal levels of a large cohort of miRNAs implicated in synaptic plasticity; conditional deletion of Satb2 from adult forebrain prevents stabilization of long-term potentiation and impairs long-term memory. Conditional knockout (Satb2 adult forebrain-specific CKO), ChIP (promoter binding), LTP electrophysiology, fear conditioning and object discrimination behavioral assays, miRNA profiling eLife High 27897969
2017 Missense mutations in the CUT1 domain of SATB2 (e.g., p.Arg389Cys) increase nuclear mobility of the protein, while mutations in CUT2 or between CUT2 and HOX (p.Gly515Ser, p.Gln566Lys) reduce mobility, indicating that these domains mediate chromatin/matrix association; truncated proteins retaining all three DNA-binding domains are produced from last-exon nonsense mutations. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) of fluorescently-tagged mutant SATB2 in patient-derived fibroblasts, western blot for protein production Genetics in medicine Medium 28151491
2019 In BCR-ABL+ leukemias, the atypical protein kinase C isoform aPKCλ/ι acts through an ERK-dependent pathway to form an Etv5/SATB2 chromatin repressive signaling complex that downregulates key B-cell differentiation genes, driving differentiation arrest; genetic or pharmacological targeting of aPKCλ/ι impairs leukemic transformation. In vitro and in vivo B-cell transformation assays, genetic knockouts and pharmacological inhibition of aPKCλ/ι, chromatin repression assays, primary human and murine BCR-ABL+ leukemic progenitors Nature communications Medium 30610188
2020 SATB2 recruits histone acetyltransferase CBP to the MAR sequence of the FOXM1 gene locus, activating FOXM1 expression and promoting cell proliferation in glioblastoma stem cells; pharmacological inhibition of SATB2/CBP interaction with the CBP inhibitor C646 suppresses glioma stem cell proliferation and GBM tumor growth. ChIP (SATB2 binding at FOXM1 MAR), co-immunoprecipitation (SATB2-CBP interaction), shRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition (C646), in vitro and in vivo tumor growth assays EMBO molecular medicine Medium 33124191
2020 SATB2 interacts with the inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD2 and the ESCRT-III/VPS4 membrane-remodeling complex; this interaction mediates activity-dependent nuclear shape plasticity in hippocampal CA1 neurons and is required for neuronal activity-dependent regulation of rapid and delayed primary response genes linked to cognition. Co-immunoprecipitation (SATB2-LEMD2), in vivo novel environment exposure + nuclear shape measurement, LEMD2 depletion in cortical neurons with gene expression readouts The EMBO journal Medium 33319920
2021 ZFP451-mediated SUMO2 modification of SATB2 at two acceptor lysines drives embryonic stem cell differentiation; SUMOylation enables SATB2 to interact with ZFP451 and the LSD1/CoREST complex, gain binding at differentiation genes, silence pluripotency genes including Nanog, and alter higher-order chromatin interactions. Mutations at SUMO-acceptor lysines or ZFP451 knockout impairs these responses. Conditional Satb2 knockout, Satb2 SUMO-acceptor lysine point mutants, Zfp451 knockout, SUMO2-SATB2 fusion rescue experiments, ChIP, Hi-C/chromatin interaction mapping, co-immunoprecipitation Genes & development High 34244292
2021 SATB2 is required to preserve LGR5+ colonic stem cell identity; Satb2 loss in adult mice converts colonic stem cells into ileal-like stem cells. SATB2 maintains colonic identity in part by modulating enhancer binding of the intestinal transcription factors CDX2 and HNF4A. Conditional Satb2 knockout in adult mouse colon (inducible Cre), human colonic organoids with SATB2 loss, ChIP/enhancer accessibility analysis (CDX2, HNF4A) Cell stem cell High 34582804
2022 SATB2 binding within chromatin loops and near topological anchor points in myoblasts influences loop and sub-TAD domain formation; caspase 7-mediated cleavage and removal of SATB2 is required to initiate chromatin remodeling and myogenic differentiation. SATB2 deletion accelerates differentiation, while its presence maintains a chromatin environment that represses differentiation-inducing factors. SATB2 CRISPR deletion in myoblasts, genome-wide chromatin interaction mapping (Hi-C/ChIP), caspase 7 cleavage assays, differentiation assays Cells Medium 35326417
2024 SATB2 affects chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters of neuronal-activity-regulated genes in cortical neurons, alters A/B compartments, topologically associating domains, and frequently interacting regions; it operates both independently and in cooperation with CTCF to organize the 3D chromatin landscape of pyramidal neurons for cognitive processes. Mapping chromatin interactions (Hi-C/HiChIP) and accessibility (ATAC-seq) in control vs. SATB2-deficient cortical neurons, ChIP-seq Molecular cell High 38244545
2024 MTA2 forms a chromatin complex with SATB2 that co-occupies DNA with HNF4A on colonic chromatin; MTA2 loss leads to HNF4A release from colonic chromatin and accumulation on small intestinal chromatin. SATB2 similarly restrains colonic-to-small-intestinal plasticity through an HNF4A-dependent mechanism, defining a model in which broadly expressed TFs are retained on tissue-specific enhancers to maintain cell identity. Proteomics (SATB2 interactome), CRISPR-Cas9 screen, conditional MTA2 and SATB2 knockout in adult mouse colon, ChIP-seq (MTA2, HNF4A, SATB2), lipid uptake functional assays Nature communications High 38678016
2019 Satb2 is required for specifying retrosplenial cortex (Rsp) identity; it represses Nr4a2 transcription in Rsp neurons, and misexpression of Nr4a2 together with Ctip2 induces subiculum-specific gene expression in wild-type Rsp. Simultaneous knockdown of Nr4a2 and Ctip2 in Satb2-mutant Rsp cells prevents their fate transition. Conditional Satb2 knockout (CKO) in mouse cortex, in utero electroporation for cell-autonomous inactivation, gene expression analysis, rescue by Nr4a2+Ctip2 knockdown Cell death and differentiation Medium 31666685
2017 Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) binds to an estrogen response element (ERE) at -488 of the SATB2 gene promoter to mediate estrogen-induced upregulation of SATB2 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, linking estrogen signaling to SATB2-dependent stemness and osteogenic differentiation. ERβ/ERα inhibitor experiments, ChIP (ERβ binding to SATB2 promoter ERE), SATB2 overexpression rescue in OVX-BMSCs, in vivo OVX rat model Journal of cellular physiology Medium 29030963
2017 TNF-α suppresses SATB2 expression through NF-κB directly binding to the SATB2 promoter; additionally, TNF-α activates ERK1/2 (whose inhibition abrogates SATB2 suppression) and depresses Smad1/5/8 signaling, all contributing to inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. ChIP (NF-κB binding to SATB2 promoter), ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), signaling pathway analysis, C2C12 osteoblast differentiation assays Oncotarget Medium 29435145
2019 SATB2 directly binds to the SLC26A3 promoter (a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger) to regulate its expression, controlling intestinal luminal environment and gut flora homeostasis; intestinal epithelial-specific Satb2 knockout mice develop more severe colitis. ChIP and luciferase reporter assay (SATB2 at SLC26A3 promoter), intestinal epithelial-specific Satb2 CKO mice, RNA-seq, microbiome 16S rDNA sequencing Journal of Crohn's & colitis Medium 34019628
2017 SATB2 suppresses c-Myc expression in colorectal cancer cells through inactivation of ERK5; conversely SATB1 promotes c-Myc expression. SATB1 and SATB2 are negatively correlated in colorectal cancer tissues and exert opposing functions in colorectal tumorigenesis. Ectopic SATB2 expression in colorectal cancer cells, ERK5 activity assays, c-Myc rescue experiments, SATB1 knockdown, in vivo xenograft tumor assays Oncotarget Medium 26701851
2019 SATB2 regulates hippocampal long-term memory and adult-stage cortical neurons' interactome; the adult SATB2 protein complex is enriched for proteins that stabilize chromatin loops and shows a developmental shift from transcriptional repression (neonatal) toward organization of chromosomal superstructure (adult). SATB2 protein interactome isolation (immunoprecipitation-MS) at neonatal and adult stages, gene expression analysis (RNA-seq), GWAS enrichment analysis PLoS genetics Medium 30726206
2019 Ezh2-mediated deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 on the SATB2 gene suppresses SATB2 expression in osteogenic progenitors from obese rat dams; Ezh2 knockdown increases and Ezh2 overexpression decreases SATB2 expression, linking maternal obesity to impaired fetal osteoblast differentiation via epigenetic silencing of SATB2. ChIP-seq (H3K27me3 at SATB2 locus), Ezh2 knockdown and overexpression in embryonic osteogenic cells, in vivo Ezh2 CKO mice (Osx-Cre) FASEB journal Medium 31908011
2021 SATB2 coordinates with NRF2 to drive enhancer-promoter interactions, amplifying NRF2 target gene transcriptional activity in renal cell carcinoma; SATB2 recruits SWI/SNF complex subunits BRD7 and BRG1 to sustain DNA accessibility, and its expression is activated by YAP/TEAD4. ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, co-immunoprecipitation (SATB2-SWI/SNF), transcriptome analysis, patient-derived xenograft and organoid experiments with SATB2/BRD7 targeting Cancer research Medium 36598364
2021 SATB2 drives melanoma invasion by binding and activating neural crest regulators including pdgfab and snai2, inducing invadopodia formation; the transcriptional program induced by SATB2 overlaps with drug-resistant melanoma states and drives resistance to Vemurafenib in vivo. Overexpression screen in zebrafish mitfa:BRAFV600E;tp53-/- model, ChIP (SATB2 binding at pdgfab/snai2), in vivo tumor invasion assays, Vemurafenib resistance assays eLife Medium 33527896
2021 A frameshift mutation in SATB2 causes the mutant protein to fail nuclear translocation and remain cytoplasmic, preventing activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling; wild-type SATB2 translocates to the nucleus and upregulates active β-catenin. Mutant SATB2 also upregulates DKK1 and histone demethylase JHDM1D to further inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry (nuclear vs. cytoplasmic localization of mutant vs. WT SATB2), western blot (β-catenin), Wnt inhibitor (XAV939) rescue, gene expression analysis in human dental pulp stem cells Stem cell research & therapy Medium 34863303
2012 Satb1 and Satb2 are dispensable for X chromosome inactivation in mice; female Satb1-/-Satb2-/- fibroblasts contain proper Barr bodies with normal Xist RNA coating and H3K27me3 modifications, and do not show upregulation of X-linked genes. FISH (Xist RNA), immunohistochemistry (H3K27me3), double knockout (Satb1-/-Satb2-/-) mouse-derived fibroblasts, gene expression analysis Developmental cell Medium 23079603

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Satb2 is a postmitotic determinant for upper-layer neuron specification in the neocortex. Neuron 537 18255031
2008 Satb2 regulates callosal projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex. Neuron 533 18255030
2006 SATB2 is a multifunctional determinant of craniofacial patterning and osteoblast differentiation. Cell 433 16751105
2003 Identification of SATB2 as the cleft palate gene on 2q32-q33. Human molecular genetics 226 12915443
2019 LncRNA SATB2-AS1 inhibits tumor metastasis and affects the tumor immune cell microenvironment in colorectal cancer by regulating SATB2. Molecular cancer 214 31492160
2010 The role of miR-31 and its target gene SATB2 in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 137 20980827
2008 SATB2 interacts with chromatin-remodeling molecules in differentiating cortical neurons. The European journal of neuroscience 125 18333962
2009 Satb1 and Satb2 regulate embryonic stem cell differentiation and Nanog expression. Genes & development 116 19933152
2014 Cadherin-17 and SATB2 are sensitive and specific immunomarkers for medullary carcinoma of the large intestine. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 99 24437456
2016 SATB2 Expression Distinguishes Ovarian Metastases of Colorectal and Appendiceal Origin From Primary Ovarian Tumors of Mucinous or Endometrioid Type. The American journal of surgical pathology 95 26551622
2009 The mRNA expression of SATB1 and SATB2 in human breast cancer. Cancer cell international 94 19642980
2016 SATB2-associated syndrome: Mechanisms, phenotype, and practical recommendations. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 93 27774744
2011 Roles of SATB2 in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Tissue engineering. Part A 89 21385070
2019 SATB2-AS1 Suppresses Colorectal Carcinoma Aggressiveness by Inhibiting SATB2-Dependent Snail Transcription and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer research 79 30858153
2018 Circ-SATB2 upregulates STIM1 expression and regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation through miR-939. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 78 30241943
2013 Further delineation of the SATB2 phenotype. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 78 24301056
2016 Satb2 determines miRNA expression and long-term memory in the adult central nervous system. eLife 71 27897969
2017 SATB2 as an Immunohistochemical Marker for Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Concise Review of Benefits and Pitfalls. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 66 28968158
2013 The role of SATB2 in skeletogenesis and human disease. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 60 24411565
2017 Estrogen regulates stemness and senescence of bone marrow stromal cells to prevent osteoporosis via ERβ-SATB2 pathway. Journal of cellular physiology 59 29030963
2014 Unc5C and DCC act downstream of Ctip2 and Satb2 and contribute to corpus callosum formation. Nature communications 59 24739528
2013 Expression of transcription factor Satb2 in adult mouse brain. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 56 23386513
2021 SATB2 preserves colon stem cell identity and mediates ileum-colon conversion via enhancer remodeling. Cell stem cell 54 34582804
2019 Mutation update for the SATB2 gene. Human mutation 52 31021519
2010 SATB2 augments ΔNp63α in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. EMBO reports 51 20829881
2020 SATB2 drives glioblastoma growth by recruiting CBP to promote FOXM1 expression in glioma stem cells. EMBO molecular medicine 50 33124191
2017 Clinical and molecular consequences of disease-associated de novo mutations in SATB2. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 50 28151491
2015 miR-211 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating SATB2. Oncotarget 49 25888635
2011 Satb2, modularity, and the evolvability of the vertebrate jaw. Evolution & development 49 23016939
2014 SATB2 enhances migration and invasion in osteosarcoma by regulating genes involved in cytoskeletal organization. Oncogene 46 25220418
2021 Satb2 neurons in the parabrachial nucleus mediate taste perception. Nature communications 45 33431851
2019 SatB2-Expressing Neurons in the Parabrachial Nucleus Encode Sweet Taste. Cell reports 45 31067452
2017 SATB2/β-catenin/TCF-LEF pathway induces cellular transformation by generating cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer. Scientific reports 44 28887549
2020 SATB2 is a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 43 32885593
2016 SATB2 is expressed in Merkel cell carcinoma. Archives of dermatological research 41 27262585
2016 MicroRNA-34b/c inhibits aldosterone-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via a SATB2/Runx2 pathway. Cell and tissue research 41 27503378
2017 TNF-α inhibits SATB2 expression and osteoblast differentiation through NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Oncotarget 39 29435145
2020 SATB2: A versatile transcriptional regulator of craniofacial and skeleton development, neurogenesis and tumorigenesis, and its applications in regenerative medicine. Genes & diseases 38 35005110
2017 Genotype and phenotype in 12 additional individuals with SATB2-associated syndrome. Clinical genetics 36 28139846
2019 Loss of Satb2 in the Cortex and Hippocampus Leads to Abnormal Behaviors in Mice. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 35 30809123
2021 Silencing of miR-483-5p alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting SATB2 and PI3K/AKT pathway. Aging 33 33621956
2016 SATB1 and SATB2 play opposing roles in c-Myc expression and progression of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 33 26701851
2018 Genes regulated by SATB2 during neurodevelopment contribute to schizophrenia and educational attainment. PLoS genetics 32 30040823
2016 SATB2-associated syndrome presenting with Rett-like phenotypes. Clinical genetics 32 26596517
2023 SATB2 Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on More Than 15 000 Tumors. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 30 35917493
2018 Role of miR-31 and SATB2 in arsenic-induced malignant BEAS-2B cell transformation. Molecular carcinogenesis 27 29603397
2017 SATB2 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer invasiveness by G9a. Clinical and experimental medicine 26 28667416
2017 Metformin reduces SATB2-mediated osteosarcoma stem cell-like phenotype and tumor growth via inhibition of N-cadherin/NF-kB signaling. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 26 29131265
2016 miR-449a inhibits colorectal cancer progression by targeting SATB2. Oncotarget 26 29254139
2019 The signaling axis atypical protein kinase C λ/ι-Satb2 mediates leukemic transformation of B-cell progenitors. Nature communications 24 30610188
2019 Value of SATB2, ISL1, and TTF1 to differentiate rectal from other gastrointestinal and lung well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Pathology, research and practice 23 31133441
2019 MiR-34a inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma by directly targeting SATB2. Journal of cellular physiology 23 31663131
2019 Satb2 is required for the regionalization of retrosplenial cortex. Cell death and differentiation 23 31666685
2019 SATB2 and NGR1: potential upstream regulatory factors in uterine leiomyomas. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 23 31728810
2017 The miR-599 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion via SATB2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 23 28167280
2014 Lentiviral-mediated expression of SATB2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. European journal of oral sciences 23 24666017
2020 SATB2-LEMD2 interaction links nuclear shape plasticity to regulation of cognition-related genes. The EMBO journal 22 33319920
2019 Deregulation of SATB2 in carcinogenesis with emphasis on miRNA-mediated control. Carcinogenesis 22 30916759
2012 Satb1 and Satb2 are dispensable for X chromosome inactivation in mice. Developmental cell 22 23079603
2019 Colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinomas are frequently associated with non-intestinal mucin profiles and loss of SATB2 expression. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 20 30710095
2019 Loss of SATB2 Expression Is a Biomarker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Colorectal Dysplasia and Adenocarcinoma. The American journal of surgical pathology 20 31318711
2017 Bone health and SATB2-associated syndrome. Clinical genetics 20 28787087
2013 Bmp and Shh signaling mediate the expression of satb2 in the pharyngeal arches. PloS one 20 23555697
2023 YAP-Activated SATB2 Is a Coactivator of NRF2 That Amplifies Antioxidative Capacity and Promotes Tumor Progression in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer research 19 36598364
2022 Chronic alcohol exposure induces hepatocyte damage by inducing oxidative stress, SATB2 and stem cell-like characteristics, and activating lipogenesis. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 19 35152538
2021 SATB2 in Neoplasms of Lung, Pancreatobiliary, and Gastrointestinal Origins. American journal of clinical pathology 19 32914850
2021 Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) synergizes with Bmp9 and is essential for osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor mesenchymal stem cells. Cell proliferation 18 33660290
2021 SATB2 Defect Promotes Colitis and Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer by Impairing Cl-/HCO3- Exchange and Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota. Journal of Crohn's & colitis 18 34019628
2019 Satb2 regulates proliferation and nuclear integrity of pre-osteoblasts. Bone 18 31325654
2015 SATB2 suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 18 26508023
2024 SATB2 organizes the 3D genome architecture of cognition in cortical neurons. Molecular cell 17 38244545
2020 microRNA-4270-5p inhibits cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SATB2. Human cell 17 32504285
2019 Satb2 expression in Foxc1-promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells is negatively regulated by microRNA-103-3p. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 17 31089719
2021 ZFP451-mediated SUMOylation of SATB2 drives embryonic stem cell differentiation. Genes & development 16 34244292
2019 Maternal regulation of SATB2 in osteo-progeniters impairs skeletal development in offspring. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 16 31908011
2012 SATB2 participates in regulation of menadione-induced apoptotic insults to osteoblasts. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 16 22570222
2022 SOX9 and SATB2 immunohistochemistry cannot reliably distinguish between osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma on biopsy material. Human pathology 15 35016891
2022 Chromatin Reorganization during Myoblast Differentiation Involves the Caspase-Dependent Removal of SATB2. Cells 15 35326417
2020 SATB2 knockdown decreases hypoxia-induced autophagy and stemness in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology letters 14 32566006
2019 Genes encoding SATB2-interacting proteins in adult cerebral cortex contribute to human cognitive ability. PLoS genetics 14 30726206
2019 Speech, language, and feeding phenotypes of SATB2-associated syndrome. Clinical genetics 14 31392730
2018 Patients with SATB2-associated syndrome exhibiting multiple odontomas. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 14 30575289
2023 Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma Is Defined by SATB2 Rearrangement. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 13 36788065
2022 Transcription Factor Expression in Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Olfactory Neuroblastoma (ONB): Hyams' Grades 1-3 ONBs Expand the Spectrum of SATB2 and GATA3-Positive Neoplasms. Endocrine pathology 13 35522392
2021 Aberrant expression of SATB2, CDX2, CDH17 and CK20 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a pathological, clinical and outcome study. Histopathology 13 34036629
2021 A novel mutation of SATB2 inhibits odontogenesis of human dental pulp stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem cell research & therapy 13 34863303
2021 A eutherian-specific microRNA controls the translation of Satb2 in a model of cortical differentiation. Stem cell reports 12 34019815
2021 Melanoma with osseous or chondroid differentiation: a report of eight cases including SATB2 expression and mutation analysis. Pathology 12 34090666
2019 SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) and associated dental findings. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 12 30648748
2022 Loss of SATB2 expression correlates with cytokeratin 7 and PD-L1 tumor cell positivity and aggressiveness in colorectal cancer. Scientific reports 11 36351995
2021 SATB2 induction of a neural crest mesenchyme-like program drives melanoma invasion and drug resistance. eLife 11 33527896
2020 CDX2, SATB2, GATA3, TTF1, and PAX8 Immunohistochemistry in Krukenberg Tumors. International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists 11 32045390
2022 Comprehensive clinicopathologic, molecular, and immunologic characterization of colorectal carcinomas with loss of three intestinal markers, CDX2, SATB2, and KRT20. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 10 35029777
2022 circ-Iqsec1 induces bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation through the miR-187-3p/Satb2 signaling pathway. Arthritis research & therapy 10 36517907
2021 Immunohistochemical expression and significance of SATB2 protein in colorectal cancer. Annals of diagnostic pathology 10 33894556
2022 SATB2 Expression in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcomas of Bone. American journal of clinical pathology 9 35311957
2022 Growth in individuals with SATB2-associated syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 9 35838081
2021 SATB2 and MDM2 Immunoexpression and Diagnostic Role in Primary Osteosarcomas of the Jaw. Dentistry journal 9 35049602
2016 SATB2 expression increased anchorage-independent growth and cell migration in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 9 26780400
2024 A MTA2-SATB2 chromatin complex restrains colonic plasticity toward small intestine by retaining HNF4A at colonic chromatin. Nature communications 8 38678016

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