Affinage

SART1

U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein 1 · UniProt O43290

Length
800 aa
Mass
90.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
67 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/8 claims corpus-supported (88%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SART1 is a multifunctional nuclear protein with distinct roles in pre-mRNA splicing, genome maintenance, mitotic spindle assembly, and oxygen-independent control of the HIF pathway (PMID:40320072, PMID:39117746, PMID:25421578, PMID:39484844). As a core U4/U6·U5 tri-snRNP component (the 110 kDa subunit; yeast Snu66), it governs alternative mRNA splicing, and in yeast its ortholog is dephosphorylated by the phosphatase Psr1 to enable splicing of introns with non-canonical 5' splice sites (PMID:39484844); this splicing activity underlies its regulation of antiviral effector genes (PMID:25481564). SART1 is SUMOylated at Lys94 and Lys141, with hypoxia-induced SUMOylation required to form a HAF:HIF2α complex on DNA that drives HIF2-dependent transcription (PMID:20346425, PMID:25421578). Independently of SUMOylation and of oxygen, SART1/HAF functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that selectively targets HIF-1α (but not HIF-2α) and neurofibromin (NF1) for proteasomal degradation, the latter activating Ras-ERK signaling (PMID:19377289, PMID:30705246, PMID:25915846). In genome maintenance, SART1 is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks in a transcription- and RS-domain-dependent manner and, following ATM/ATR phosphorylation at Thr430 and Thr695, acts epistatically with BRCA1 to promote end resection and counteract the 53BP1/RIF1 resection blockade, while its N-terminal RGG/RG box limits PARP1 chromatin retention and PAR chain accumulation (PMID:39117746, PMID:39569366). During mitosis it acts as a microtubule-associated protein via its N-terminus, localizing to a distal centrosomal 'SART1 cap' to recruit PCM proteins such as ninein for spindle pole assembly (PMID:40320072). In hepatocytes SART1/HAF controls TRADD and RIPK1 transcription to sustain NF-κB activity and suppress apoptosis, and prevents inappropriate HIF-1α activation in immune cells, with germline loss being embryonic lethal and tissue-specific loss promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:26799785, PMID:39255518). It additionally suppresses HBV cccDNA transcription by directly binding the HNF4α P1 promoter (PMID:34242702).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2005 Medium

    Established that SART1 overexpression has growth-suppressive consequences, providing the first functional handle on its cellular role.

    Evidence adenoviral SART-1 overexpression in A549/MCF-7 cells with cell cycle and apoptosis readouts

    PMID:16158934

    Open questions at the time
    • No molecular mechanism for growth arrest defined
    • Single method per endpoint, single lab
    • Overexpression phenotype not tied to a defined biochemical activity
  2. 2009 Medium

    Identified SART1/HAF as an oxygen-independent E3 ubiquitin ligase with isoform-selective targeting, distinguishing it from canonical pVHL-based HIF regulation.

    Evidence review summarizing prior biochemical ubiquitin ligase/substrate-specificity assays for HIF-1α vs HIF-2α

    PMID:19377289

    Open questions at the time
    • Underlying experiments not detailed in this source
    • Catalytic mechanism and any RING/HECT domain not defined
    • Substrate recognition determinants unknown
  3. 2010 High

    Defined SART1 as a SUMOylation target, identifying the modified residues that would later prove functionally separable from its ligase activity.

    Evidence in vitro SUMO conjugation with MS site mapping and K94R/K141R mutagenesis in HeLa cells

    PMID:20346425

    Open questions at the time
    • SUMO E3 ligase responsible in vivo not identified
    • Functional consequence of SUMOylation not addressed in this study
  4. 2014 High

    Resolved that SART1 SUMOylation is hypoxia-induced and required specifically for HIF2α transactivation while HIF1α degradation is SUMOylation-independent, separating two HAF mechanisms.

    Evidence Co-IP/ChIP of HAF:HIF2α at DNA, SUMO-mutant constructs, and ccRCC mouse models

    PMID:25421578

    Open questions at the time
    • How SUMOylation enables DNA-bound complex formation structurally unknown
    • Genome-wide HIF2 target set not mapped
  5. 2014 Medium

    Connected SART1's splicing function to antiviral output, showing it regulates interferon effector genes via both transcription and alternative splicing.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with mRNA-seq and validation of splicing targets in HCV replicon model

    PMID:25481564

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct splice-site interactions for target transcripts not demonstrated
    • Mechanism distinguishing direct transcriptional vs splicing targets unclear
  6. 2015 Medium

    Provided cellular evidence that SART1-mediated HIF1α degradation proceeds under hypoxia even in VHL-mutant ccRCC, supporting a pVHL-independent degradation route.

    Evidence siRNA of SART1/VHL with proteasome inhibitor rescue and proliferation assays in RCC lines

    PMID:25915846

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ubiquitination by SART1 not shown in this study
    • How mutant VHL protects HIF1α in normoxia mechanistically unresolved
  7. 2016 High

    Used genetic loss to establish SART1 as essential for development and as a suppressor of inappropriate HIF-1α activation in immune cells driving liver pathology.

    Evidence germline SART1 knockout/heterozygous mice, cytokine measurement, RANTES neutralization rescue

    PMID:26799785

    Open questions at the time
    • Cause of embryonic lethality not defined
    • Cell-intrinsic vs systemic contribution to HCC not fully separated
  8. 2019 High

    Extended SART1/HAF ligase activity beyond HIF, identifying neurofibromin as a substrate and linking HAF to Ras-ERK activation and targeted-therapy resistance.

    Evidence reciprocal Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, HAF knockdown, p-ERK readouts, HIF-2α epistasis

    PMID:30705246

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of HAF:neurofibromin recognition unknown
    • Whether other substrates exist not addressed
  9. 2021 High

    Showed SART1 directly represses HBV transcription by binding the HNF4α promoter, defining a JAK-independent antiviral mechanism.

    Evidence ChIP, luciferase reporters, knockdown/overexpression, AAV-HBV mouse model

    PMID:34242702

    Open questions at the time
    • DNA-binding domain of SART1 mediating promoter association not mapped
    • Whether SART1 binds the HNF4α promoter directly or via partners not resolved
  10. 2021 Medium

    Implicated SART1 in macrophage M2 polarization and fibrosis, broadening its physiological reach to inflammatory contexts.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, liposomal delivery in bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis model

    PMID:33391530

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular pathway linking SART1 to polarization not defined
    • Whether splicing or transcriptional activity drives the effect unknown
  11. 2024 High

    Defined a phosphorylation-dependent DSB repair role, placing SART1 in the BRCA1 resection pathway and counteracting 53BP1/RIF1.

    Evidence siRNA, ATM/ATR phospho-mutants, recruitment foci, epistasis, chromosome aberration analysis

    PMID:39117746

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target of SART1 at resection sites unknown
    • How transcription-dependence couples to recruitment unresolved
  12. 2024 High

    Identified the SART1 N-terminal RGG/RG box as a limiter of PARP1 chromatin retention and PAR accumulation, explaining BRCA1-context PARP-inhibitor sensitivity.

    Evidence siRNA, chromatin fractionation, PAR quantification, N-terminal truncations, drug sensitivity assays

    PMID:39569366

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SART1 directly binds PARP1 or PAR not established
    • Relationship between this N-terminal function and its resection role unclear
  13. 2024 High

    Established hepatocyte SART1/HAF as a transcriptional controller of TRADD and RIPK1 sustaining NF-κB and suppressing apoptosis-driven HCC.

    Evidence hepatocyte-specific Cre/lox knockout, NF-κB Western blots, siRNA recapitulation, high-fat diet model

    PMID:39255518

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SART1 binds TRADD/RIPK1 promoters directly not shown
    • Mechanistic link to its splicing or ligase activities unresolved
  14. 2024 Medium

    Defined a regulatory input on the spliceosomal function via the yeast ortholog Snu66, showing phosphatase Psr1 and Hub1 modulate splicing of non-canonical 5' splice sites.

    Evidence PSR1 deletion, catalytic-dead Psr1 tethering, splicing and interaction assays in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:39484844

    Open questions at the time
    • Conservation of Psr1/Hub1 regulation in human SART1 not tested
    • Phosphosites on Snu66 not mapped
  15. 2025 High

    Revealed a mitosis-specific microtubule-associated function, with SART1 forming a centrosomal 'cap' that recruits PCM for spindle pole assembly.

    Evidence RNAi, immunostaining, live imaging, Xenopus extract spindle assembly, N-terminal MT-binding mapping, IP

    PMID:40320072

    Open questions at the time
    • How a splicing factor is repurposed to centrosomes during mitosis unknown
    • Specific centrosomal interactors mediating cap formation not fully identified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How SART1's distinct activities—spliceosomal subunit, oxygen-independent E3 ligase, DSB-repair factor, mitotic MAP, and transcriptional regulator—are coordinated within one protein, and whether shared domains or modifications switch between them, remains unresolved.
  • No unified structural/domain model integrating the activities
  • Catalytic mechanism of the E3 ligase function not biochemically resolved in the corpus
  • Determinants partitioning SART1 between nucleus, chromatin, and centrosome unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016874 ligase activity 3 GO:0045182 translation regulator activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005694 chromosome 2 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
BRCA1HIF1AHIF2AHUB1NF1PARP1PSR1
Complex memberships
U4/U6·U5 tri-snRNP

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2025 SART1 localizes uniquely to the distal surface of mitotic centrosomes along the spindle axis, forming a structure called the 'SART1 cap'. SART1 functions as a mitosis-specific microtubule-associated protein; its N-terminus is the microtubule-binding region. SART1 downregulation causes spindle assembly defects with reduced microtubule dynamics, end-on attachment defects, and checkpoint activation in human cells. SART1 depletion does not affect centriole duplication or γ-tubulin accumulation but reduces selective PCM proteins such as ninein. Depletion from frog egg extracts disrupts spindle pole assembly in both centrosomal and acentrosomal contexts. Immunoprecipitation consistently identifies centrosomal proteins as SART1 interaction partners. RNAi knockdown in human cells, immunostaining, live imaging, immunoprecipitation, Xenopus egg extract spindle assembly assay, N-terminal truncation/mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 40320072
2024 SART1 promotes DNA double-strand break (DSB) end resection, an essential first step of homologous recombination (HR). This function requires phosphorylation of SART1 at threonine 430 and 695 by ATM/ATR. SART1 is recruited to DSB sites in a manner dependent on active transcription and its RS domain. SART1 is epistatic with BRCA1 in promoting resection, particularly transcription-associated resection in G2 phase. SART1 and BRCA1 accumulate at DSB sites interdependently and epistatically counteract the resection blockade by 53BP1 and RIF1. SART1 and BRCA1 epistatically suppress genomic alterations from DSB misrepair in G2. siRNA knockdown, epistasis analysis, phospho-mutant constructs, chromatin recruitment assays (live imaging/foci), chromosome aberration analysis Scientific reports High 39117746
2024 SART1 silencing leads to increased poly-ADP ribosylation and increased chromatin-bound PARP1. SART1 is recruited to chromatin following DNA damage and limits PARP1 chromatin retention and activity. The N-terminus of SART1 (containing an RGG/RG box) is sufficient to regulate PAR chain accumulation and PARP1 chromatin retention. Silencing of SART1 increases cellular sensitivity to IR-induced DNA damage and to PARP inhibitors specifically in the absence of BRCA1. siRNA knockdown, chromatin fractionation, PAR chain quantification, PARP1 chromatin localization assays, N-terminal truncation constructs, drug sensitivity assays iScience High 39569366
2021 SART1 suppresses HBV cccDNA transcription by directly downregulating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) expression. ChIP assays demonstrated that SART1 associates with the HNF4α proximal P1 promoter element. This anti-HBV activity is independent of Janus kinase signaling. Knockdown of SART1 markedly enhanced HBV RNA, antigen expression, and progeny virus production, while overexpression inhibited HBV transcription and replication in cell culture and in AAV-HBV mice. siRNA knockdown, lentiviral/AAV overexpression, luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), in vivo mouse models Journal of hepatology High 34242702
2014 SART1 exerts its anti-HCV action through mRNA splicing. SART1 knockdown identified 419 differentially expressed genes and revealed that SART1 regulates antiviral interferon effector genes (IEGs) by direct transcriptional regulation for some ISGs (e.g. MX1, OAS3) and by promoting alternative mRNA splicing for others including EIF4G3, GORASP2, ZFAND6, and RAB6A. SART1 does not affect the JAK-STAT pathway or IFN receptor signaling. EIF4G3 and GORASP2 were confirmed to have anti-HCV effects. siRNA knockdown, mRNA-sequencing, qRT-PCR, Western blot, HCV replicon model Journal of hepatology Medium 25481564
2010 SART1 (as the 110 kDa U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP component) is SUMOylated at lysines 94 and 141 in vivo. In vitro sumoylation confirmed preferential conjugation of SUMO-2 monomers and multimers at Lys94 and Lys141. Positively charged amino acids flanking the sumoylation consensus tetramer at Lys94 enhance sumoylation efficiency. Mutation of Lys94 and Lys141 reduces SART1 sumoylation in HeLa cells. In vitro SUMO conjugation assay with recombinant SART1, MALDI-ToF/FT-ICR/nanoLC-MS/MS, site-directed mutagenesis (K94R/K141R), in vivo sumoylation in HeLa cells Journal of proteomics High 20346425
2009 HAF (SART1) is an oxygen-independent E3 ubiquitin ligase for HIF-1α that degrades HIF-1α but not HIF-2α, providing isoform-specific regulation of HIF pathway members. Described as summary of prior experimental work; ubiquitin ligase activity and substrate specificity established by prior biochemical assays (referenced in this review) Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 19377289
2014 HAF (SART1) SUMOylation is induced by hypoxia and is required for HAF to complex with HIF2α at DNA to promote HIF2-dependent transcription in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. In contrast, HAF-mediated HIF1α degradation is SUMOylation-independent. HAF overexpression in mice increased CRCC growth and metastasis. Co-IP/ChIP of HAF-HIF2α complex at DNA, SUMOylation mutant constructs, in vivo mouse model, Western blot Cancer research High 25421578
2016 HAF (SART1) acts as a tumor suppressor in immune cells by preventing inappropriate HIF-1α activation. In SART1+/- male mice, HIF-1α is upregulated in circulating and liver-infiltrating immune cells, driving HIF-1-dependent RANTES (CCL5) production from Kupffer cells and increased neutrophilic liver infiltration. SART1-/- mice are embryonic lethal. Neutralization of RANTES decreased neutrophilic infiltration and attenuated HCC in SART1+/- mice. Germline SART1 knockout/heterozygous mouse model, cytokine measurement, RANTES neutralization in vivo, cell-type-specific HIF-1α analysis Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) High 26799785
2019 HAF (SART1) promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of neurofibromin (NF1), independently of oxygen and pVHL, resulting in Ras-ERK pathway activation. Hypoxia enhanced HAF:neurofibromin binding independently of HAF-SUMOylation. HAF knockdown increased neurofibromin levels primarily in hypoxia. HAF-mediated resistance to sorafenib/sunitinib was HIF-2α-dependent in normoxia but HIF-2α-independent in hypoxia, indicating two mechanistic pathways. Co-IP (HAF:neurofibromin), ubiquitination assay, HAF knockdown, p-ERK measurement, drug resistance assays, HIF-2α siRNA epistasis Molecular cancer research : MCR High 30705246
2024 HAF (SART1) regulates NF-κB activity in hepatocytes by controlling transcription of TRADD and RIPK1. Hepatocyte-specific SART1 deletion (hepS-/-) causes decreased phospho-p65 and phospho-p50 (NF-κB components) and triggers apoptosis, leading to HCC in both male and female mice. HAF siRNA in vitro recapitulates these effects. High-fat diet suppresses HAF and NF-κB components in early-stage disease but they are upregulated in HCC. Conditional hepatocyte-specific Cre/lox SART1 knockout (Alb-Cre), Western blot for NF-κB components, HAF siRNA in vitro, high-fat diet model, myeloid-specific knockout as control Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) High 39255518
2011 Silencing of SART1 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU and SN38 by inducing caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. SART1 knockdown downregulates c-FLIP (a caspase-8 inhibitor), identifying SART1 as a regulator of c-FLIP expression and drug-induced caspase-8 activation. siRNA knockdown in 5 colorectal cancer cell lines, caspase-8 inhibitor rescue, Western blot for c-FLIP, drug sensitivity assays Molecular cancer therapeutics Medium 22027693
2005 Overexpression of SART-1 via adenoviral transduction inhibits cell growth, induces cell cycle arrest, and activates apoptosis pathways in A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transduction, Trypan Blue exclusion, flow cytometry, Western blot for apoptosis markers Anticancer research Medium 16158934
2020 In zebrafish, a point mutation in exon 12 of sart1 causes upregulation of sart1, increased apoptosis (activated caspase-3) in brain and eye, downregulation of vision-related genes, and developmental defects in the central nervous system. sart1 expression is restricted to the brain in zebrafish. Forward genetic screen, whole-exome sequencing, RNA-Seq, immunostaining for activated caspase-3, in situ expression analysis Cells Medium 33105605
2024 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the phosphatase Psr1 binds and dephosphorylates the core splicing factor Snu66 (SART1 ortholog). Psr1 deletion or tethering of catalytic-dead Psr1 to Snu66 results in splicing defects of introns with non-canonical 5' splice sites. Hub1 can displace Psr1 from Snu66, linking two regulatory inputs on this spliceosomal component. Genetic deletion (PSR1 knockout), catalytic mutant tethering, splicing assays, protein interaction assays The FEBS journal Medium 39484844
2015 In ccRCC cells expressing mutant VHL, HIF1α undergoes proteasome-dependent degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase SART1 under hypoxic conditions. Mutant VHL can protect HIF1α from SART1-dependent degradation in normoxia, but this protection is lost in hypoxia. SART1-mediated HIF1α degradation favors ccRCC proliferation. siRNA inhibition of SART1 and VHL, proteasome inhibitor rescue, HIF1α protein level assays, proliferation assays in RCC4 and RCC10 cell lines Oncogene Medium 25915846
2021 Suppression of SART1 by siRNA in macrophages attenuates M2 macrophage polarization. In a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, SART1 siRNA-loaded liposomes accumulated in macrophages and reduced M2 macrophage infiltration and fibrosis. siRNA knockdown, liposome delivery in vivo, bleomycin mouse model, macrophage polarization assays Theranostics Medium 33391530

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 67 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2010 The matrix peptide exporter HAF-1 signals a mitochondrial UPR by activating the transcription factor ZC376.7 in C. elegans. Molecular cell 420 20188671
2021 Suppressing Sart1 to modulate macrophage polarization by siRNA-loaded liposomes: a promising therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis. Theranostics 82 33391530
1997 A new family of site-specific retrotransposons, SART1, is inserted into telomeric repeats of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Nucleic acids research 70 9092665
1999 Expression of the tumor-rejection antigen SART1 in brain tumors. International journal of cancer 54 10597192
2015 Immune responses in patients with esophageal cancer treated with SART1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine. International journal of oncology 53 25625346
1992 A comparative study on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), human angiogenic factor (h-AF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. The Anatomical record 47 1384395
2021 Novel function of SART1 in HNF4α transcriptional regulation contributes to its antiviral role during HBV infection. Journal of hepatology 44 34242702
2014 Hypoxia-induced SUMOylation of E3 ligase HAF determines specific activation of HIF2 in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer research 39 25421578
2016 A new HIF-1α/RANTES-driven pathway to hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by germline haploinsufficiency of SART1/HAF in mice. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 34 26799785
2011 A systems biology approach identifies SART1 as a novel determinant of both 5-fluorouracil and SN38 drug resistance in colorectal cancer. Molecular cancer therapeutics 33 22027693
2009 HAF : the new player in oxygen-independent HIF-1alpha degradation. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 33 19377289
2013 HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells. International journal of oncology 32 24316875
2005 Eukaryotic translational coupling in UAAUG stop-start codons for the bicistronic RNA translation of the non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon SART1. Molecular and cellular biology 32 16107714
2004 Essential motifs in the 3' untranslated region required for retrotransposition and the precise start of reverse transcription in non-long-terminal-repeat retrotransposon SART1. Molecular and cellular biology 32 15340053
1999 Transcription analysis of the telomeric repeat-specific retrotransposons TRAS1 and SART1 of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Nucleic acids research 29 10198435
2009 The telomere-specific non-LTR retrotransposons SART1 and TRAS1 are suppressed by Piwi subfamily proteins in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Cellular & molecular biology letters 28 19943120
2017 ARA1 regulates not only l-arabinose but also d-galactose catabolism in Trichoderma reesei. FEBS letters 27 29215697
2014 The spliceosome factor SART1 exerts its anti-HCV action through mRNA splicing. Journal of hepatology 24 25481564
1999 Expression of the SART-1 tumor rejection antigen in breast cancer. International journal of cancer 23 9935232
2019 Hypoxia-Associated Factor (HAF) Mediates Neurofibromin Ubiquitination and Degradation Leading to Ras-ERK Pathway Activation in Hypoxia. Molecular cancer research : MCR 22 30705246
2006 Essential domains for ribonucleoprotein complex formation required for retrotransposition of telomere-specific non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon SART1. Molecular and cellular biology 20 16782900
2000 Expression of the SART1 tumor-rejection antigens in colorectal cancers. Diseases of the colon and rectum 19 11156463
2009 Normal formation of a subset of intestinal granules in Caenorhabditis elegans requires ATP-binding cassette transporters HAF-4 and HAF-9, which are highly homologous to human lysosomal peptide transporter TAP-like. Molecular biology of the cell 18 19403699
2004 Targeted nuclear import of open reading frame 1 protein is required for in vivo retrotransposition of a telomere-specific non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon, SART1. Molecular and cellular biology 18 14673147
1992 Primary isolation of a Brazilian strain of hepatitis A virus (HAF-203) and growth in a primate cell line (FRhK-4). Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 18 1342600
2017 HAF mediates the evasive resistance of anti-angiogenesis TKI through disrupting HIF-1α and HIF-2α balance in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 15 28572533
2000 Expression of the SART1 tumor-rejection antigen in human osteosarcomas. International journal of oncology 15 10853014
1987 Purification and characterization of a novel human angiogenic factor (h-AF). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 13 3619943
2018 Multiple steps determine CD73 shedding from RPE: lipid raft localization, ARA1 interaction, and MMP-9 up-regulation. Purinergic signalling 12 30392016
2004 T-cell receptor Vbeta gene usage by T cells reactive with the tumor-rejection antigen SART-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. International journal of cancer 12 14696095
2016 Expression of Interferon Effector Gene SART1 Correlates with Interferon Treatment Response against Hepatitis B Infection. Mediators of inflammation 11 28077916
2013 Co-operative function and mutual stabilization of the half ATP-binding cassette transporters HAF-4 and HAF-9 in Caenorhabditis elegans. The Biochemical journal 11 23458156
2005 Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by SART-1 gene transduction. Anticancer research 11 16158934
2000 Expression of the SART1 tumor rejection antigen in renal cell carcinoma. Urological research 11 10929426
1993 Fast growth of a Brazilian hepatitis A virus (HAF-203) in a primate cell line. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 11 8257921
1988 Immunolocalization of an angiogenic factor (HAF) in normal, inflammatory and tumor tissues. International journal of cancer 11 3403066
2024 HAF prevents hepatocyte apoptosis and progression to MASH and HCC through transcriptional regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 10 39255518
2023 Microbiota-Associated HAF-EVs Regulate Monocytes by Triggering or Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation. International journal of molecular sciences 10 36768851
2002 Identification of the autoantigen SART-1 as a candidate gene for the development of atopy. Human molecular genetics 9 12189166
2001 Intron loss in the SART1 genes of Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis. Gene 9 11410364
2010 Positively charged amino acids flanking a sumoylation consensus tetramer on the 110kDa tri-snRNP component SART1 enhance sumoylation efficiency. Journal of proteomics 8 20346425
1998 Expression of the SART-1 antigens in uterine cancers. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 8 10081490
2016 Characterization of HAF-4- and HAF-9-localizing organelles as distinct organelles in Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal cells. BMC cell biology 7 26817689
2015 Mutant versions of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) can protect HIF1α from SART1-mediated degradation in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 7 25915846
2002 Analysis of T cell receptors reactive with squamous cell carcinoma antigen SART-1 presented by the HLA-A24 molecule. Oncology reports 7 11956635
1995 Intragastric infection induced in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) by a Brazilian hepatitis A virus (HAF-203). Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 7 8520524
2020 RAF1 Expression is Correlated with HAF, a Parameter of Liver Computed Tomographic Perfusion, and may Predict the Early Therapeutic Response to Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 5 32190741
2020 A sart1 Zebrafish Mutant Results in Developmental Defects in the Central Nervous System. Cells 5 33105605
2006 Genetic variability of hepatitis A virus strain HAF-203 isolated in Brazil and expression of the VP1 gene in Escherichia coli. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5 17160284
2001 Expression of the SART1 tumor-rejection antigen in hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncology reports 5 11182058
1998 Sequence analysis of genes encoding rodent homologues of the human tumor-rejection antigen SART-1. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 5 9765622
2024 Involvement of the splicing factor SART1 in the BRCA1-dependent homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Scientific reports 4 39117746
2008 Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by using monocyte-derived DCs transfected with in vitro-transcribed WT1 or SART1 mRNA. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 4 19058036
2004 Generation of a human leukocyte antigen-A24-restricted antitumor cell with the use of SART-1 peptide and dendritic cells in patients with malignant brain tumors. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 4 15514588
2000 Induction of human leukocyte antigen-A26-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by a single peptide of the SART1 antigen in patients with cancer with different A26 subtypes. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 4 10838658
1990 HAF, hepatoma aggregation factor produced by Streptomyces sp. strain No. A-6143. Agricultural and biological chemistry 4 1369299
2004 In situ enzyme immunoassay for titration of a Brazilian hepatitis A virus strain (HAF-203). Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 3 15264009
1990 The HAF enigma: origin and clinical consequences of the appearance of high alkaline fractions on isoelectric focusing patterns of cerebrospinal fluid. Journal of the neurological sciences 3 2370558
2002 Hemagglutinating factor (HAF) associated with adhesiveness in enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). Microbiology and immunology 2 12153112
2024 Psr1 phosphatase regulates pre-mRNA splicing through spliceosomal B complex factor Snu66. The FEBS journal 1 39484844
2017 Molecular dissection of Caenorhabditis elegans ATP-binding cassette transporter protein HAF-4 to investigate its subcellular localization and dimerization. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1 28427936
2026 Ubiquitin-like protein UBL5 and spliceosome associated factor SART1 jointly maintain the virulence in Toxoplasma gondii. International journal of biological macromolecules 0 41485651
2025 SART1 uniquely localizes to spindle poles forming a SART1 cap and promotes spindle pole assembly. The Journal of biological chemistry 0 40320072
2025 Beyond similarity: Unveiling the distinctive transcriptional regulatory roles of ARA1 in plant biomass utilization by Myceliophthora thermophila and related fungi. New biotechnology 0 41308914
2024 HAF Prevents Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Transcriptional Regulation of the NF-κB pathway. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 38260413
2024 SART1 modulates poly-(ADP-ribose) chain accumulation and PARP1 chromatin localization. iScience 0 39569366
2008 Expression of SART-1 mRNA in canine squamous cell carcinomas. The Journal of veterinary medical science 0 19122400

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