| 1998 |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P/SPP) was identified as a high-affinity ligand for the orphan GPCR EDG-1 (S1PR1), binding with Kd ~8.1 nM; receptor overexpression induced cell-cell aggregation, cadherin upregulation, and adherens junction formation in an S1P- and Rho-dependent manner. |
Radioligand binding assay, receptor overexpression in HEK293 cells, morphological and biochemical assays |
Science |
High |
9488656
|
| 1998 |
EDG-1 (S1PR1) couples exclusively to the Gi pathway: binding of S1P to EDG-1 inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner; S1P-induced mitogenesis and anti-apoptosis were independent of EDG-1 and correlated with intracellular S1P uptake. |
cAMP assay with pertussis toxin inhibition, intracellular microinjection of S1P, antisense and receptor expression studies |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
9660876
|
| 1996 |
The third cytosolic loop (i3) of EDG-1 (S1PR1) physically associates with Giα and Goα polypeptides in a GTPγS-sensitive manner; immunoprecipitation of EDG-1 co-precipitates Giα1 and Giα3; EDG-1 overexpression leads to sustained, pertussis toxin-sensitive MAP kinase activation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, GTPγS competition assay, MAP kinase activity assay with pertussis toxin |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
8626678
|
| 1999 |
EDG-1 (S1PR1) activates only Gi family members (not Gs, Gq, G12, or G13), as established by subunit-selective [35S]GTPγS binding in Sf9 and HEK293 cells; in contrast, EDG-3 and H218/EDG-5 additionally couple to Gq and G13. |
Subunit-selective [35S]GTPγS binding assay in Sf9 and HEK293 cells |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10488065
|
| 1999 |
S1P ligand binding specifically induces reversible trafficking of EDG-1 (S1PR1) from the plasma membrane to perinuclear endosomal/lysosomal vesicles (t1/2 ~15 min internalization, t1/2 ~30 min recycling); truncation of the C-terminus completely blocks internalization; C-terminal domain is essential for ligand-induced trafficking. |
EDG-1-GFP chimera live-cell imaging, subcellular colocalization with endocytic/lysosomal markers, C-terminal truncation mutant analysis |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
10198065
|
| 2000 |
Genetic deletion of Edg-1 (S1PR1) in mice caused embryonic hemorrhage and death at E12.5–E14.5 due to deficient vascular smooth muscle cell/pericyte coverage; EDG-1-null cells failed to activate the small GTPase Rac in response to S1P, which is required for migration. |
Gene knockout in mice (Edg1−/− embryos), histology, Rac activation assay in mutant cells |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
11032855
|
| 2001 |
S1P-induced endothelial cell migration requires Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EDG-1 (S1PR1) at the T236 residue in the third intracellular loop; activated Akt binds to EDG-1, and T236A mutant EDG-1 acts as a dominant-negative that sequesters Akt and blocks Rac activation, cortical actin assembly, and chemotaxis without affecting Gi-dependent signaling. |
Akt-EDG-1 binding assay, site-directed mutagenesis (T236A), in vitro migration/chemotaxis assay, Rac activation assay, dominant-negative analysis |
Molecular cell |
High |
11583630
|
| 2001 |
PDGF-induced cell motility depends on EDG-1 (S1PR1): PDGF activates sphingosine kinase, raising intracellular S1P levels, which transactivates EDG-1 as demonstrated by β-arrestin translocation and EDG-1 phosphorylation; EDG-1-null or kinase-inhibited cells fail to activate Rac or migrate toward PDGF. |
EDG-1 knockout fibroblasts, β-arrestin translocation assay (GPCR transactivation), sphingosine kinase inhibition, chemotaxis assay, Rac activation |
Science |
High |
11230698
|
| 2001 |
SPP-induced HUVEC migration requires signaling via EDG-1 and EDG-3 receptors through Rho activation (blocked by C3 exotoxin), leading to Rho-dependent integrin clustering (αvβ3 and β1) into focal contacts; Rac activation was dispensable for adhesion but EDG-1 and EDG-3 were both required for Rho activation. |
Antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of EDG-1 and EDG-3, C3 exotoxin treatment, integrin blocking antibodies, Rho activation assay, cell adhesion/migration assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11150298
|
| 2000 |
EDG-1 (S1PR1) localizes to caveolin-1-enriched plasmalemmal caveolae (~55% of protein); co-immunoprecipitation shows direct EDG-1/caveolin-1 interaction; S1P treatment increases EDG-1 targeting to caveolae (~93%); caveolin-1 overexpression inhibits S1P-mediated eNOS activation and attenuates agonist-induced EDG-1 phosphorylation by >90%. |
Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation with anti-caveolin-1 antibody, eNOS activity assay, caveolin-1 overexpression |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10921915
|
| 2001 |
EDG-1 (S1PR1) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) enhances S1P-induced proliferation via Gi-dependent p70 S6 kinase activation and cyclin D1 expression (blocked by pertussis toxin and rapamycin), and enhances migration via Gi activation but independently of p70 S6 kinase. |
Stable transfection of EDG-1 into adult VSMCs, pertussis toxin treatment, rapamycin treatment, p70 S6 kinase assay, cyclin D1 western blot, migration assay |
Circulation research |
High |
11557736
|
| 1999 |
EDG-1 (S1PR1) couples to Gi but not Gq: EDG-1 mRNA expression in Xenopus oocytes did not confer S1P-responsive intracellular calcium transients unless co-expressed with the chimeric Gαqi protein; in contrast, EDG-3 and EDG-5 alone conferred calcium responses to S1P, demonstrating differential Gq/Gi coupling among S1P receptors. |
Xenopus oocyte expression system, microinjection of receptor mRNA ± chimeric G-protein constructs, electrophysiological calcium transient recording |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10383399
|
| 2002 |
EDG-1 (S1PR1) is N-glycosylated at asparagine-30 in its extracellular N-terminus; non-glycosylated mutant N30D-Edg-1 shows normal plasma membrane expression, ligand binding, and MAP kinase activation, but markedly reduced ligand-induced internalization and is not associated with caveolae membrane fractions. |
Site-directed mutagenesis (N30D), sucrose density gradient fractionation, radioligand binding assay, MAP kinase assay, internalization assay |
FASEB journal |
High |
12087059
|
| 2010 |
STAT3 transcriptionally drives S1PR1 expression; reciprocally, S1PR1 activates STAT3 by upregulating JAK2 tyrosine kinase activity and IL-6 gene expression, forming a positive feedback loop that sustains persistent STAT3 activation in cancer cells; silencing S1PR1 inhibits STAT3 activity, tumor growth, and metastasis. |
S1PR1 siRNA knockdown in tumor/immune cells, STAT3 reporter assay, JAK2 kinase activity measurement, IL-6 ELISA, in vivo tumor models |
Nature medicine |
High |
21102457
|
| 2012 |
S1PR1 signaling restricts sprouting angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF-A-induced signaling and stabilizing VE-cadherin localization at endothelial junctions; loss of S1PR1 in endothelial cells leads to increased sprouting and ectopic vessel branching. |
S1PR1 loss-of-function in endothelial cells (genetic deletion), VE-cadherin localization by immunofluorescence, VEGF-A signaling assays |
Developmental cell |
High |
22975327
|
| 2012 |
S1PR1 (S1pr1) on megakaryocytes functions as a directional cue receptor for S1P gradients, guiding proplatelet extensions into bone marrow sinusoids; conditional S1pr1 deletion causes severe thrombocytopenia due to aberrant extravascular proplatelet formation and defective intravascular shedding. |
Conditional mouse mutants, intravital multiphoton microscopy of bone marrow, platelet counts |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
23148237
|
| 2001 |
S1P activates NF-κB in a receptor-dependent fashion through EDG-3 and EDG-5 (which couple to Gi, Gq, and G13), but not through EDG-1 (S1PR1, which couples to Gi only); NF-κB activation requires protein kinase C and Ca2+ downstream of Gq; Rho activation alone by S1P was insufficient for NF-κB activation. |
HEK293 cells overexpressing individual Edg receptors, NF-κB reporter assay, PKC and Ca2+ inhibitor studies |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11673450
|
| 2014 |
Dynamin 2-dependent endocytosis is required for sustained S1PR1 signaling and T cell egress: in low S1P concentrations, dynamin 2 enables S1PR1 internalization/recycling which sustains signaling sufficient for egress; dynamin 2 deficiency limits T cells to a single pulse of S1PR1 signaling, insufficient for egress; transgenic S1PR1 overexpression rescues egress in dynamin 2 KO mice. |
T cell-specific dynamin 2 conditional KO mouse, S1PR1 transgenic rescue, T cell egress assay from thymus and lymph nodes |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
24638168
|
| 2016 |
S1PR1 signaling suppresses the type I IFN autoamplification loop in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by accelerating IFNAR1 turnover/degradation and downregulating STAT1 phosphorylation; this suppression is pertussis toxin-resistant and requires S1PR1 internalization (blocked by a C-terminal Tat-peptide); endogenous S1P-S1PR1 signaling sets pDC sensitivity for IFN-α amplification. |
S1PR1 agonist treatment of pDCs, Tat-fusion receptor internalization blocking peptide, IFNAR1 turnover measurement, STAT1 phosphorylation assay, in vivo Ex26 antagonist, pertussis toxin studies |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
26787880
|
| 2021 |
Cryo-EM structures of S1PR1 and S1PR5 in complex with heterotrimeric Gi protein and diverse agonists (including drugs) were determined; structures reveal the binding modes of chemically distinct agonists, a mechanical switch activating the receptors, and the basis for ligand selectivity and G-protein coupling. |
Cryo-electron microscopy structure determination, functional assays for ligand activation and G-protein coupling |
Cell research |
High |
34526663
|
| 2023 |
CD69, a transmembrane protein expressed on activated lymphocytes, acts as a protein agonist of S1PR1 in cis: cryo-EM structure shows the transmembrane helix of one CD69 homodimer protomer contacts S1PR1-TM4, allosterically inducing movement of S1PR1-TMs 5-6 to activate receptor and engage heterotrimeric Gi; mutations at the CD69-S1PR1 interface reduce receptor internalization; CD69 promotes Gi-dependent S1PR1 internalization, loss of S1P gradient sensing, and inhibition of lymphocyte egress. |
Cryo-EM structure of CD69-S1PR1-Gi complex, mutagenesis of interface residues, receptor internalization assay, lymphocyte egress assay |
eLife |
High |
37039481
|
| 2015 |
Phosphorylation of S1PR1 at tyrosine-143 (Y143) is required for S1P-induced receptor internalization in endothelial cells; Y143 phosphorylation correlates with maximal receptor internalization at 20 min and Y143 dephosphorylation accompanies receptor recycling to the cell surface at ~1 h; phospho-defective Y143F mutant fails to internalize while phospho-mimicking Y143D shows constitutive high internalization; C-terminal serine phosphorylation did not modulate Y143-dependent internalization. |
Site-directed mutagenesis (Y143F, Y143D), flow cytometry/immunofluorescence internalization assay, endothelial barrier resistance measurement |
Journal of cell science |
High |
25588843
|
| 1998 |
Edg-1 (S1PR1) expression in Sf9 and COS-7 cells confers S1P-induced adenylate cyclase inhibition and MAP kinase activation (Gi-mediated), but not Ca2+ mobilization; LPA does not activate EDG-1 and Vzg-1/Edg-2 cannot substitute for Edg-1. |
Heterologous expression in Sf9 and COS-7 cells, adenylate cyclase assay, MAP kinase assay |
The Biochemical journal |
High |
9480864
|
| 2017 |
S1PR1 signaling in endothelial cells activates the ERK/CSF1 pathway, enhancing CSF1 expression in a cell-contact-dependent manner, which promotes Ly6clow reparative macrophage proliferation after myocardial infarction; endothelial S1pr1-specific deletion reduces reparative macrophage accumulation and worsens cardiac remodeling; pharmacological S1pr1 activation ameliorates post-MI cardiac remodeling. |
Endothelial-specific S1pr1 KO mouse model, pharmacological S1pr1 activation, flow cytometry for macrophage subsets, CSF1 signaling blockade, ERK activation assay |
Cardiovascular research |
High |
32091582
|
| 2016 |
In T lymphocytes, CCR7/CCL19 signaling upregulates S1PR1 (EDG-1) expression via ERK5 activation and induction of the KLF2 transcription factor; CCR7/CCL19-stimulated T cells show increased S1PR1-ligand-directed migration at 48 h, which is abolished in ERK5-deficient T cells. |
ERK5 conditional KO mouse (ERK5flox/flox/Lck-Cre), primary murine T cell stimulation, migration assay to S1PR1 ligands, KLF2 and S1PR1 expression analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
22334704
|
| 2004 |
S1P1 (S1PR1) signaling in the developing vasculature regulates limb development non-cell-autonomously: loss of S1P1 in endothelium causes HIF-1α and VEGF induction in limbs (but not in embryonic fibroblasts), leading to hyperplastic vasculature and defective digit/chondrocyte morphogenesis; endothelium-specific S1P1 null mice recapitulate limb defects. |
Whole-body and endothelium-specific S1p1 KO mice, HIF-1α/VEGF immunostaining, limb histology |
Developmental biology |
High |
15063179
|
| 2016 |
T cell-intrinsic S1PR1 is required for effector T cell entry into lymphatic sinuses and egress from draining lymph nodes during infection; using inducible T cell-specific S1PR1 KO, WT and S1PR1-deficient effector T cells both migrate to sinus-adjacent positions but only WT T cells enter sinuses, even when CCR7 retention signals are downregulated. |
Inducible T cell-specific S1PR1 gene deletion, intravital two-photon microscopy of lymph node, viral infection model |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
26862175
|
| 2019 |
CD4 T cell S1PR1 and S1PR4, and endothelial cell S1PR2, are each required for T cell migration across lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and into afferent lymphatic vessels and draining lymph nodes; S1PR1 and S1PR4 differentially regulate T cell motility and VCAM-1 binding; S1PR2 in LECs regulates VE-cadherin, occludin, and zonulin-1 expression via ERK. |
Receptor-specific KO and blockade, transwell migration assay across LECs, intravital imaging, VCAM-1 binding assay, VE-cadherin/occludin/ZO-1 immunostaining |
Science immunology |
High |
30877143
|
| 2012 |
HGF activates S1PR1 transactivation via c-Met: c-Met, S1PR1, and integrin β4 (ITGB4) are recruited to caveolin-enriched lipid rafts upon HGF treatment; co-immunoprecipitation shows direct c-Met interaction with both S1PR1 and ITGB4; S1PR1 siRNA attenuates ITGB4 and Rac1 activation, c-Met/ITGB4 interaction, and transendothelial electrical resistance. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, lipid raft fractionation, siRNA knockdown of S1PR1 and ITGB4, Rac1 activation assay, transendothelial electrical resistance measurement |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
23212923
|
| 2016 |
S1PR1 regulates lymphatic vascular quiescence by antagonizing laminar shear stress (LSS)-mediated VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling; S1PR1 inhibits RhoA activity to promote membrane localization of claudin-5 (tight junction molecule); S1pr1 loss in LECs induces hypersprouting rescued by reducing Vegfr3 gene dosage in vivo. |
LEC-specific S1pr1 KO, Vegfr3 heterozygous rescue genetics, in vitro LSS experiments, RhoA activation assay, claudin-5 membrane localization |
JCI insight |
High |
32544090
|
| 2017 |
S1PR1 signaling in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promotes lymphangiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production; macrophage-specific S1pr1 deletion reduces Nlrp3 expression in TAMs and prevents tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis; macrophage-dependent lymphangiogenesis in vitro requires both S1PR1 signaling and IL-1β production. |
CD11b+ macrophage-specific S1pr1 KO mouse, transcriptome analysis of isolated TAMs, in vitro lymphangiogenesis assay, inflammasome activation |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
28739604
|
| 2021 |
S1PR1 limits apoptosis in T cells by maintaining BCL2 family member balance via restraint of JNK activity; the same intracellular residues enabling S1PR1 internalization are required to prevent the proapoptotic cascade; this is distinct from S1PR1's role in directing egress. |
Mouse genetic models (S1PR1 internalization-deficient mutants), JNK activity assay, BCL2 family member expression, T cell survival assay; findings confirmed in ozanimod-treated ulcerative colitis patients |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
38194271
|
| 2013 |
β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) and S1PR1 physically interact and show reciprocal cross-regulation: S1PR1 agonist (S1P) can induce β1AR downregulation, and β-AR agonist (isoproterenol) can induce S1PR1 downregulation; G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) is involved; this cross-talk is observed in mouse hearts under chronic β-AR stimulation and in a rat heart failure model. |
HEK293 cells overexpressing both receptors, receptor downregulation assays, co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo mouse cardiac model, rat heart failure model |
Circulation |
Medium |
23969695
|
| 1998 |
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a low-affinity agonist for EDG-1 (S1PR1): LPA binds with Kd ~2.3 μM (vs ~8 nM for S1P), induces receptor phosphorylation, MAP kinase activation, and Rho-dependent morphogenesis. |
Radioligand binding assay, receptor phosphorylation assay, MAP kinase assay, morphological analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
9705355
|
| 2001 |
PDGF-induced focal adhesion formation and activation of FAK, Src, and p38 are dysregulated in EDG-1-null fibroblasts; PDGF-induced lamellipodia extension and cell motility are abrogated in EDG-1-null cells; in contrast, mitogenesis, survival responses, and ERK1/2 activation by PDGF or S1P are unaffected by EDG-1 deletion, indicating EDG-1 is required for cytoskeletal integration but not growth signals. |
EDG-1-null fibroblasts, FAK/Src/p38 kinase activation assays, lamellipodia observation, cell motility assay |
FASEB journal |
High |
11726541
|
| 2016 |
miR302-367 elevation in endothelial cells promotes vascular stability and reduces sprouting angiogenesis via an Erk1/2-Klf2-S1pr1 pathway: downregulation of Erk1/2 increases Klf2, which induces S1pr1 and its target VE-cadherin; pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of S1pr1 in ECs reverses the antiangiogenic effect of miR302-367. |
miRNA overexpression in ECs, retinal vascular assay, endothelial-specific S1pr1 deletion, ERK/KLF2/S1PR1/VE-cadherin expression and function assays |
Circulation research |
High |
27756792
|
| 2017 |
S1PR1 signaling in endothelial cells controls blood pressure and flow-mediated mechanotransduction: endothelial-specific S1PR1 deletion decreases basal and stimulated eNOS-derived nitric oxide and elevates baseline blood pressure; FTY720 (functional S1PR1 antagonist) markedly decreases endothelial S1PR1, increases blood pressure in control mice, and exacerbates angiotensin II-induced hypertension. |
Endothelial-specific S1PR1 KO mice, eNOS activity assay, blood pressure measurement, FTY720 pharmacological treatment, angiotensin II hypertension model |
Hypertension |
High |
28607130
|
| 2016 |
S1P in HDL promotes physical interaction between SR-BI and S1PR1 on the plasma membrane; HDL-derived S1P initiates S1PR1 internalization and intracellular calcium flux; HDL without supplemented S1P did not trigger these responses, establishing S1P as the active component mediating HDL-induced S1PR1 activation and SR-BI/S1PR1 interaction. |
Protein-fragment complementation assay (SR-BI/S1PR1 interaction), confocal microscopy, calcium flux assay, recombinant HDL particles ± S1P, primary vascular smooth muscle cells and HEK293 cells |
Journal of lipid research |
Medium |
27881715
|
| 2021 |
aPC/PAR1 anti-apoptotic signaling is mediated by a discrete β-arrestin-2-SphK1-S1PR1-Akt axis in endothelial cells: aPC activates PAR1 to engage β-arr2, which activates SphK1 independent of Dvl2, leading to S1PR1 transactivation and Akt-dependent cell survival; endogenous PAR1 and S1PR1 co-reside in caveolin-1-rich microdomains, and Cav1 is required for this pathway. |
Endothelial cell siRNA knockdown of β-arr2, SphK1, S1PR1, Cav1; co-immunoprecipitation; Akt phosphorylation; cell apoptosis assay |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
34873055
|
| 2014 |
S1P/S1PR1 signaling in hypothalamic POMC neurons activates STAT3 and the melanocortin system to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure; STAT3 controls S1PR1 expression in neurons via a positive feedback; selective disruption of hypothalamic S1PR1 increases food intake and reduces respiratory exchange ratio. |
Intracerebroventricular S1P injection, hypothalamic S1PR1-selective disruption in rodents, STAT3 activity assay, food intake and energy expenditure measurements |
Nature communications |
High |
25255053
|
| 2020 |
STAT1 transcriptionally regulates S1PR1 expression by binding its promoter in the region -29 to -12 bp upstream of TSS; STAT1 knockdown reduces S1PR1 expression, STAT1 overexpression upregulates it, and IFN-γ activation of STAT1 increases S1PR1 mRNA and protein; confirmed by EMSA and ChIP assays. |
STAT1 siRNA knockdown, STAT1 overexpression, EMSA, ChIP assay at S1PR1 promoter, luciferase reporter assay with truncated promoter fragments, IFN-γ stimulation |
Gene |
High |
32006593
|
| 2021 |
SMYD3 promotes S1PR1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma by methylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) at the S1PR1 promoter; SMYD3 expression is positively correlated with S1PR1 in HCC and promotes HCC cell growth and migration in a manner partially dependent on S1PR1 upregulation. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (H3K4me3 at S1PR1 promoter), SMYD3 overexpression/knockdown, S1PR1 promoter activity assay, in vitro and in vivo tumor growth assays |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
34301921
|
| 2023 |
S1PR1 directly activates STAT3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells: co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates direct binding of S1PR1 and STAT3; S1PR1 silencing reduces STAT3 phosphorylation (p-STAT3), while S1PR1 overexpression increases p-STAT3 and promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (S1PR1-STAT3 interaction), siRNA knockdown, S1PR1 overexpression, STAT3 phosphorylation western blot, in vitro and in vivo tumor assays |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research |
Medium |
31438989
|
| 2023 |
In zebrafish, loss of s1pr1 disrupts astrocyte process elaboration and extension/retraction dynamics; pharmacological modulation of S1pr1 balances astrocyte process growth; functional analog of Drosophila Tre1, with loss of either causing motor behavioral defects. |
s1pr1 loss-of-function in zebrafish, live imaging of astrocyte process dynamics, pharmacological S1PR1 modulation, behavioral assays |
Neuron |
Medium |
38096817
|
| 2019 |
Endothelial S1PR1 activates the AKT/eNOS signaling pathway, producing nitric oxide that inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibroblast transformation; endothelial-specific S1pr1 deletion aggravates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis; inhibition of AKT/eNOS reverses S1pr1-overexpression-mediated protection. |
Endothelial-specific S1pr1 KO (TAC model), S1pr1 overexpression, AKT/eNOS phosphorylation assay, NO production measurement, AKT inhibitor epistasis |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
High |
31854513
|