Affinage

RPSA

Small ribosomal subunit protein uS2B · UniProt A0A8I5KQE6

Length
295 aa
Mass
32.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 19 papers cited in narrative 19 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RPSA is a dual-function protein that operates both as a component of the small ribosomal subunit required for pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis and as a cell-surface laminin receptor that transduces adhesion and migration signals (PMID:25630983, PMID:30337486). As a ribosome biogenesis factor, RPSA dosage is essential for development: haploinsufficiency from heterozygous coding or splice-disrupting 5'-UTR mutations causes human isolated congenital asplenia, and depletion in Xenopus disrupts pre-rRNA processing and spleen patterning gene expression, defects rescued by wild-type but not disease-mutant RPSA mRNA (PMID:30072435, PMID:30337486). At the plasma membrane, laminin engagement of RPSA activates FAK, which drives PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling to promote adhesion, migration, invasion, and cell-adhesion-mediated drug resistance with Bcl-2 upregulation (PMID:24703465, PMID:30894280); this axis feeds forward through HIF-1α induction under both hypoxic and non-hypoxic conditions (PMID:19998339, PMID:17476462). RPSA surface availability is set by competing post-translational controls: Nedd4-mediated ubiquitination targets it for degradation, which is antagonized by lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) recruited to the membrane upon laminin signaling, while the PP-1 regulatory subunit TIMAP targets PP-1 to dephosphorylate RPSA (PMID:22751010, PMID:16263087). RPSA also functions in the nucleus as an innate sensor of viral nucleic acids: upon infection it is phosphorylated at Tyr204 and recruits the ISWI catalytic subunit SMARCA5 to open chromatin at NF-κB target promoters, selectively driving proinflammatory cytokine expression, and myeloid Rpsa-deficient mice show blunted inflammatory responses to HSV-1 and IAV (PMID:38114488). It is additionally exploited as a cell-surface attachment/receptor by dengue virus and by Streptococcus suis enolase, and it restricts Zika virus by binding the viral envelope protein via its intracellular region and recruiting a deubiquitinase to attenuate E-protein ubiquitination (PMID:15790424, PMID:33618766, PMID:34282707).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1996 Medium

    Establishing that the active human 37LRP/RPSA gene has the genomic architecture of a ribosomal protein gene answered whether the laminin receptor and a ribosomal component share a single locus, anchoring its dual identity.

    Evidence Genomic cloning, FISH mapping to 3p21.3, RNase protection and promoter analysis

    PMID:8760291

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish how the 37-kDa precursor converts to the 67-kDa laminin receptor form
    • No functional dissection of ribosomal vs. receptor roles
  2. 2004 High

    Demonstrating that a mutant LAMR1 retroposon product binds HP1 and remodels cardiomyocyte chromatin gave the first in vivo evidence that RPSA has nuclear, chromatin-linked functions with developmental consequences.

    Evidence Mouse retroposon knock-in genetics, cardiac injection, HP1 Co-IP, gene chip expression profiling

    PMID:14730304

    Open questions at the time
    • Concerns a mutant retroposon product, not wild-type RPSA
    • Mechanism linking HP1 binding to specific gene expression changes not fully resolved
  3. 2005 High

    Identifying TIMAP-targeted PP-1 dephosphorylation of LAMR1 and dengue virus binding at the surface defined RPSA as a phospho-regulated membrane receptor and a viral attachment protein.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, reciprocal Co-IP, in vitro phosphatase assay, domain deletion (TIMAP), and VOPBA for dengue serotypes 1-3

    PMID:15790424 PMID:16263087

    Open questions at the time
    • The RPSA phosphosite(s) targeted by TIMAP/PP-1 not mapped
    • Dengue binding shown by VOPBA only, without functional infection epistasis
  4. 2007 Medium

    Linking RPSA overexpression to HIF-1α induction via FAK-PI3K and MAPK/ERK connected surface receptor signaling to a transcriptional survival program in cancer cells.

    Evidence Overexpression, siRNA knockdown, HIF-1 reporter assays, PI3K/MAPK inhibitors, Western blotting

    PMID:17476462

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct binding shown between RPSA and pathway components
    • Single cancer cell context
  5. 2010 Medium

    Showing hypoxia induces RPSA through ERK/MAPK-driven HIF-1 and that RPSA mediates laminin adhesion and drug resistance closed a feedforward loop between the microenvironment and RPSA-dependent survival.

    Evidence MEK overexpression/inhibition (U0126), RPSA siRNA, luciferase promoter assay, adhesion and apoptosis assays

    PMID:19998339

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal ordering of ERK→HIF-1→RPSA vs. RPSA→ERK not fully separated
    • Single tumor type
  6. 2012 High

    Defining KRS-mediated protection of RPSA from Nedd4 ubiquitination established a positive-feedback mechanism that stabilizes surface RPSA during laminin-induced migration.

    Evidence Co-IP, KRS T52 mutagenesis, membrane fractionation, siRNA, migration assays

    PMID:22751010

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration of Nedd4-RPSA ubiquitin linkage limited
    • RPSA ubiquitination sites not mapped
  7. 2014 Medium

    Mapping the laminin-FAK-PI3K/AKT-MAPK/ERK-Bcl-2 cascade in gastric cancer specified how RPSA confers cell-adhesion-mediated drug resistance.

    Evidence FAK-RPSA Co-IP, siRNA, antibody blocking, antisense oligonucleotides, drug sensitivity and phospho-protein Westerns

    PMID:24703465

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RPSA directly binds FAK or via an intermediate not resolved
    • Single lab/cancer type
  8. 2015 Medium

    Identifying RPSA as an H2O2 redox sensor whose oxidation enhances laminin adhesion and extravasation added a post-translational, oxidation-driven control over its receptor function.

    Evidence Redox proteomics, in vitro laminin adhesion assay, in vivo extravasation assay

    PMID:26603095

    Open questions at the time
    • Oxidized cysteine residue(s) not mapped
    • Mechanism linking oxidation to adhesion-molecule clustering unresolved
  9. 2018 High

    Human asplenia genetics plus Xenopus rescue experiments established that RPSA dosage and its pre-rRNA processing function are required for spleen development, with disease mutants failing to rescue.

    Evidence Multi-kindred Sanger sequencing with splice assays; Xenopus morpholino knockdown, pre-rRNA processing assays, in situ hybridization, wild-type vs. mutant mRNA rescue

    PMID:30072435 PMID:30337486

    Open questions at the time
    • Why ribosome biogenesis defects affect spleen specifically remains unexplained
    • Link between rRNA processing and spleen patterning genes mechanistically incomplete
  10. 2019 Medium

    Establishing an RPSA-ITGA6 interaction that drives MAPK/ERK invasion independently of ITGA6's PI3K/AKT arm refined how RPSA partitions downstream signaling in metastasis.

    Evidence Co-IP/MS, siRNA, in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis assays, p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT Westerns

    PMID:30894280

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. indirect RPSA-ITGA6 contact not defined
    • Single cancer model
  11. 2020 Medium

    Demonstrating a functional TRPM7/RPSA membrane complex that couples elastin-derived peptides to migration extended RPSA's receptor repertoire to ion-channel-linked signaling.

    Evidence TRPM7 siRNA, Boyden chamber migration, patch-clamp, immunofluorescence co-localization

    PMID:32733880

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct Co-IP between RPSA and TRPM7
    • Stoichiometry and physical nature of the complex unknown
  12. 2021 Medium

    Two host-pathogen studies showed RPSA acts both as a surface receptor for Streptococcus suis enolase driving BBB-disrupting apoptosis and as an intracellular restriction factor for Zika virus envelope protein, revealing opposite roles in distinct infections.

    Evidence Pulldown/MS and Co-IP, RPSA siRNA, signaling inhibitors, BBB permeability and apoptosis assays (S. suis); Co-IP, ZIKV E G282A mutagenesis, EIF3S5 recruitment and ubiquitination assays (Zika)

    PMID:33618766 PMID:34282707

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab findings without reciprocal cross-validation
    • How surface vs. intracellular RPSA pools are partitioned for these roles is unclear
  13. 2023 High

    Defining nuclear RPSA as a Tyr204-phosphorylated viral nucleic acid sensor that recruits SMARCA5 to open NF-κB target chromatin established a distinct innate-immune transcriptional function separate from its ribosomal and receptor roles.

    Evidence Functional screening, myeloid-specific Rpsa-KO mice, viral nucleic acid binding, phosphosite mapping, SMARCA5 Co-IP, ATAC-seq, cytokine measurement (HSV-1, IAV)

    PMID:38114488

    Open questions at the time
    • The kinase phosphorylating Tyr204 is not identified
    • How a ribosomal/membrane protein traffics to the nucleus to sense nucleic acids is unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unknown how a single protein is partitioned between the ribosome, the plasma membrane receptor pool, and the nucleus, and what controls the switch among these functions.
  • No structural model of the 37-to-67 kDa conversion or of the laminin-binding interface
  • Subcellular partitioning signals not defined
  • Relationship between ribosomal function and surface receptor function unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 2 GO:0003723 RNA binding 2 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0140299 molecular sensor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005840 ribosome 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 1
Partners
FAKHP1ITGA6KRSNEDD4SMARCA5TIMAPTRPM7
Complex memberships
TRPM7/RPSA membrane complexsmall ribosomal subunit

Evidence

Reading pass · 19 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2015 RPSA (37/67-kDa laminin receptor, LAMR/RPSA) was originally identified as a 67-kDa laminin-binding protein and is evolutionarily derived from a 37-kDa RPS2-family ribosomal component; it contributes to laminin binding, ribosome biogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and nuclear functions governing cell growth, survival, migration, protein synthesis, development, and differentiation. Review synthesizing experimental literature (binding assays, ribosome fractionation, functional studies) Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society Medium 25630983
2012 RPSA (p40/67LR) interacts with lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) at the plasma membrane; on laminin signal, KRS is phosphorylated at T52 by p38MAPK, dissociates from the cytosolic multi-tRNA synthetase complex, translocates to the membrane, and inhibits Nedd4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of 67LR (RPSA), thereby enhancing laminin-induced cell migration. Co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis of KRS T52, plasma membrane fractionation, siRNA knockdown, cell migration assays FASEB journal High 22751010
2005 RPSA (LAMR1) interacts with the PP-1 regulatory subunit TIMAP via TIMAP's fourth ankyrin repeat; TIMAP targets PP-1 to LAMR1, making LAMR1 a TIMAP-dependent PP-1 substrate (i.e., LAMR1 is phosphorylated and PP-1 dephosphorylates it). Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation in endothelial and MDCK cells, co-localization at plasma membrane, in vitro phosphatase assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 16263087
2005 RPSA (LAMR1) interacts with dengue virus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 at the cell surface, identified as a common attachment/receptor protein for these serotypes. 2D gel electrophoresis of membrane-enriched cell fractions followed by virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) Virology journal Medium 15790424
2004 Mutant LAMR1 (product of a functional retroposon) binds heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in cardiomyocytes, causing specific changes in gene expression and early cell death with chromatin architecture alteration, leading to right ventricular dysplasia in mice. Mouse genetics (retroposon knock-in, breeding, direct cardiac injection), in vitro cardiomyocyte expression, co-immunoprecipitation (HP1 binding), gene chip expression analysis Nature genetics High 14730304
2019 RPSA interacts with ITGA6 (identified by Co-IP + mass spectrometry) in pancreatic cancer cells; RPSA promotes invasion and metastasis via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway (knockdown of RPSA reduces p-ERK1/2), independently of ITGA6-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling. Co-IP combined with mass spectrometry, siRNA knockdown, in vitro invasion assays, in vivo metastasis models, Western blotting for p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT Experimental cell research Medium 30894280
2020 RPSA and TRPM7 co-localize at the plasma membrane of pancreatic cancer cells; elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) stimulate TRPM7 currents and promote cell migration through RPSA, and TRPM7 knockdown abolishes EDP-induced migration, indicating a functional TRPM7/RPSA complex at the membrane that regulates cancer cell migration. siRNA knockdown of TRPM7, Boyden chamber migration assay, patch-clamp electrophysiology, co-localization by immunofluorescence Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 32733880
2015 RPSA (LAMR1) binds aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) both in vitro (ELISA) and in vivo (laser confocal immunofluorescence), identifying RPSA as an AFB1-interacting protein in hepatocytes. Immobilized affinity chromatography (IAC), LC-MS/MS protein identification, ELISA, laser confocal immunofluorescence Journal of hazardous materials Low 26372695
2015 RPSA acts as a redox sensor: H2O2 oxidizes RPSA, causing it to accumulate in clusters containing specific adhesion molecules; RPSA oxidation improves cell adhesion to laminin in vitro and promotes cell extravasation in vivo. Redox proteomics to identify H2O2-target proteins, in vitro laminin adhesion assay, in vivo extravasation assay Free radical biology & medicine Medium 26603095
2018 RPSA haploinsufficiency (via heterozygous mutations in protein-coding or 5'-UTR exons disrupting mRNA splicing) causes isolated congenital asplenia (ICA) in humans; the 5'-UTR mutations act by disrupting mRNA splicing, revealing a requirement for RPSA dosage in spleen development. Human genetics (Sanger sequencing of RPSA exons and UTR in 73 kindreds), splice assay for 5'-UTR mutations, identification of de novo mutations Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 30072435
2018 RPSA is required for pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis; Xenopus tropicalis depletion of Rpsa disrupts pre-rRNA processing and impairs spleen patterning gene expression; human wild-type RPSA mRNA rescues these defects, but a disease-associated mutant RPSA mRNA cannot. Xenopus morpholino knockdown, pre-rRNA processing assays, in situ hybridization for spleen patterning genes, mRNA rescue experiments with wild-type and mutant human RPSA Development (Cambridge, England) High 30337486
2014 MGr1-Ag/RPSA (37LRP) promotes cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) in gastric cancer by interacting with laminin and activating FAK, which in turn activates PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways, upregulating Bcl-2. Co-immunoprecipitation (FAK with RPSA), siRNA knockdown, monoclonal antibody blocking, antisense oligonucleotides, drug sensitivity assays, Western blotting for p-FAK, p-AKT, p-ERK, Bcl-2 Cancer science Medium 24703465
2010 Hypoxia induces MGr1-Ag/RPSA (37LRP) expression via ERK/MAPK activation (which drives HIF-1 activity), and this MGr1-Ag expression enhances gastric cancer cell adhesion to laminin and protects against drug-induced apoptosis (CAM-DR); MEK inhibitor U0126 and RPSA siRNA reverse these effects. MEK overexpression, MEK inhibitor U0126, siRNA knockdown of RPSA, luciferase promoter assay, ERK activity assays, cell adhesion assay, apoptosis assay International journal of cancer Medium 19998339
2007 MGr1-Ag/RPSA overexpression upregulates HIF-1α protein expression and transcriptional activity under non-hypoxic conditions in gastric cancer cells via FAK-PI3K and MAPK/ERK signaling; siRNA targeting RPSA markedly decreases vincristine-induced HIF-1α expression. Forced overexpression, siRNA knockdown of RPSA, HIF-1 reporter assays (DNA binding, transcriptional activity), PI3K and MAPK inhibitors, Western blotting Molecular and cellular biochemistry Medium 17476462
2021 RPSA on the surface of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells acts as the receptor for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) enolase; enolase binding to RPSA activates intracellular p38/ERK-eIF4E signaling, promotes HSPD1 expression, initiates host-cell apoptosis, and increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Protein interaction identification (pulldown/MS), co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown of RPSA, signaling pathway inhibitors, apoptosis assays, BBB permeability assay Veterinary research Medium 33618766
2021 LAMR1 (RPSA) binds to Zika virus envelope (E) protein via its intracellular region and attenuates E protein ubiquitination by recruiting the deubiquitinase EIF3S5; the conserved G282 residue of the E protein is essential for interaction with LAMR1, and G282A substitution abolishes binding and LAMR1-mediated deubiquitination. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, mutagenesis of ZIKV E protein (G282A), ubiquitination assay, viral replication assay Virulence Medium 34282707
2023 Nuclear RPSA acts as an innate sensor of viral nucleic acids; upon viral infection, RPSA is phosphorylated at Tyr204, then recruits SMARCA5 (ISWI complex catalytic subunit) to increase chromatin accessibility at NF-κB target gene promoters, predominantly promoting proinflammatory cytokine gene expression without affecting type I IFN signaling; myeloid-specific Rpsa-deficient mice show reduced innate inflammatory responses to HSV-1 and IAV. Functional screening, myeloid-specific knockout mice, nuclear localization studies, viral nucleic acid binding assay, phosphorylation site identification, Co-IP of SMARCA5, ATAC-seq/chromatin accessibility assay, cytokine measurement Nature communications High 38114488
1996 The active human 37LRP/RPSA gene is located at chromosome 3p21.3, contains 7 exons and 6 introns, lacks a TATA box, has multiple transcription start sites, and bears features characteristic of ribosomal protein genes; its C-terminal domain is a conserved structure likely involved in conversion to the 67-kDa laminin receptor form. Genomic cloning, intron-containing fragment isolation, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), RNase protection assay, promoter analysis Oncogene Medium 8760291
2023 PrPC (cellular prion protein) has high binding affinity for RPSA (37/67 kDa laminin receptor); small molecules antagonizing the PrPC-RPSA direct interaction have been characterized at the cellular level, and this interaction regulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy-controlled cell death. Binding affinity assays, small-molecule antagonist characterization, cellular trafficking studies, functional assays for proliferation/migration/invasion Cellular and molecular life sciences Low 37452879

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Cytomegalovirus US2 destroys two components of the MHC class II pathway, preventing recognition by CD4+ T cells. Nature medicine 208 10470081
2008 Occurrence of autoantibodies to annexin I, 14-3-3 theta and LAMR1 in prediagnostic lung cancer sera. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 158 18794547
1997 Human cytomegalovirus US2 destabilizes major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains. Journal of virology 133 9060656
2001 Antigen presentation subverted: Structure of the human cytomegalovirus protein US2 bound to the class I molecule HLA-A2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 124 11391001
2015 Looking into laminin receptor: critical discussion regarding the non-integrin 37/67-kDa laminin receptor/RPSA protein. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 119 25630983
1998 Trophoblast class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products are resistant to rapid degradation imposed by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gene products US2 and US11. The Journal of experimental medicine 112 9687527
2007 Horizontal transmission of Marek's disease virus requires US2, the UL13 protein kinase, and gC. Journal of virology 106 17634222
1997 The HCMV gene products US11 and US2 differ in their ability to attack allelic forms of murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chains. The Journal of experimental medicine 100 9016885
2001 Human cytomegalovirus US2 endoplasmic reticulum-lumenal domain dictates association with major histocompatibility complex class I in a locus-specific manner. Journal of virology 80 11333901
2013 Role of pncA and rpsA gene sequencing in detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from southern China. Journal of clinical microbiology 79 24131688
2012 Gene sequencing for routine verification of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a role for pncA but not rpsA. Journal of clinical microbiology 77 22895038
2012 Interaction of two translational components, lysyl-tRNA synthetase and p40/37LRP, in plasma membrane promotes laminin-dependent cell migration. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 75 22751010
2015 Plasma membrane profiling defines an expanded class of cell surface proteins selectively targeted for degradation by HCMV US2 in cooperation with UL141. PLoS pathogens 74 25875600
2002 NK cell activity during human cytomegalovirus infection is dominated by US2-11-mediated HLA class I down-regulation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 72 12218145
2003 Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US2 differentially affects surface expression of MHC class I locus products and targets membrane-bound, but not soluble HLA-G1 for degradation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 71 14662880
1999 The cytosolic tail of class I MHC heavy chain is required for its dislocation by the human cytomegalovirus US2 and US11 gene products. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 70 10411907
2019 ITGA6 and RPSA synergistically promote pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis via PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. Experimental cell research 66 30894280
1982 Primary structure of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 and of its gene rpsA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 64 7041110
2019 Structural and free energy landscape of novel mutations in ribosomal protein S1 (rpsA) associated with pyrazinamide resistance. Scientific reports 62 31097767
2003 Differential effects of US2, US6 and US11 human cytomegalovirus proteins on HLA class Ia and HLA-E expression: impact on target susceptibility to NK cell subsets. European journal of immunology 58 14515258
2005 Two dimensional VOPBA reveals laminin receptor (LAMR1) interaction with dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3. Virology journal 57 15790424
2002 Human cytomegalovirus gene products US2 and US11 differ in their ability to attack major histocompatibility class I heavy chains in dendritic cells. Journal of virology 57 11967320
2001 Human cytomegalovirus protein US2 interferes with the expression of human HFE, a nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex molecule that regulates iron homeostasis. Journal of virology 56 11581431
2005 Rhesus cytomegalovirus contains functional homologues of US2, US3, US6, and US11. Journal of virology 55 15827193
1995 The cmk gene encoding cytidine monophosphate kinase is located in the rpsA operon and is required for normal replication rate in Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 54 7836281
2001 Membrane-specific, host-derived factors are required for US2- and US11-mediated degradation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The Journal of biological chemistry 52 11717308
1991 Isolation of a Marek's disease virus (MDV) recombinant containing the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli stably inserted within the MDV US2 gene. Journal of virology 51 1847475
1994 Characterization of Marek's disease virus insertion and deletion mutants that lack US1 (ICP22 homolog), US10, and/or US2 and neighboring short-component open reading frames. Journal of virology 48 7966617
1984 Transcriptional organization of the rpsA operon of Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 48 6384724
1981 Cloning, restriction endonuclease mapping and post-transcriptional regulation of rpsA, the structural gene for ribosomal protein S1. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 48 6267426
2017 Anti-tubercular Activity of Pyrazinamide is Independent of trans-Translation and RpsA. Scientific reports 46 28733601
2010 ERK/MAPK activation involves hypoxia-induced MGr1-Ag/37LRP expression and contributes to apoptosis resistance in gastric cancer. International journal of cancer 46 19998339
1996 Isolation from a multigene family of the active human gene of the metastasis-associated multifunctional protein 37LRP/p40 at chromosome 3p21.3. Oncogene 46 8760291
2004 Lamr1 functional retroposon causes right ventricular dysplasia in mice. Nature genetics 45 14730304
2002 Inhibitory effects of cytomegalovirus proteins US2 and US11 point to contributions from direct priming and cross-priming in induction of vaccinia virus-specific CD8(+) T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 45 12023332
2009 Hypoxia-mediated up-regulation of MGr1-Ag/37LRP in gastric cancers occurs via hypoxia-inducible-factor 1-dependent mechanism and contributes to drug resistance. International journal of cancer 43 19123465
2002 The MHC class I homolog of human cytomegalovirus is resistant to down-regulation mediated by the unique short region protein (US)2, US3, US6, and US11 gene products. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 43 11907106
2002 The HCMV gene products US2 and US11 target MHC class I molecules for degradation in the cytosol. Current topics in microbiology and immunology 42 12224515
1995 The Bacillus subtilis chromosome region encoding homologues of the Escherichia coli mssA and rpsA gene products. Microbiology (Reading, England) 42 7704259
2014 MGr1-Ag/37LRP induces cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance through FAK/PI3K and MAPK pathway in gastric cancer. Cancer science 41 24703465
2015 Mutations in the pncA and rpsA genes among 77 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Kazakhstan. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 40 25574916
2015 Pyrazinamide resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis clinical isolates in a national referral center of China and its correlations with pncA, rpsA, and panD gene mutations. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 40 26775806
2002 A single viral protein HCMV US2 affects antigen presentation and intracellular iron homeostasis by degradation of classical HLA class I and HFE molecules. Blood 40 12456502
1982 An amber mutation in the gene rpsA for ribosomal protein S1 in Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 40 6212755
2006 Ubiquitination of MHC class I heavy chains is essential for dislocation by human cytomegalovirus-encoded US2 but not US11. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 16877758
1982 The DNA sequence of the gene rpsA of Escherichia coli coding for ribosomal protein S1. Nucleic acids research 37 6281725
2010 Further analysis of Marek's disease virus horizontal transmission confirms that U(L)44 (gC) and U(L)13 protein kinase activity are essential, while U(S)2 is nonessential. Journal of virology 36 20484497
2002 Binding of human cytomegalovirus US2 to major histocompatibility complex class I and II proteins is not sufficient for their degradation. Journal of virology 36 12134032
2006 The highly efficient translation initiation region from the Escherichia coli rpsA gene lacks a shine-dalgarno element. Journal of bacteriology 35 16923895
2005 The protein phosphatase-1 targeting subunit TIMAP regulates LAMR1 phosphorylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 34 16263087
2020 TRPM7/RPSA Complex Regulates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 33 32733880
2018 Pyrazinamide drug resistance in RpsA mutant (∆438A) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Dynamics of essential motions and free-energy landscape analysis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 33 30390330
2005 Identification of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro is greatly enhanced by the use of recombinant virus lacking the US2 to US11 region or modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing individual viral genes. Journal of virology 33 15709006
2011 Expression of HA of HPAI H5N1 virus at US2 gene insertion site of turkey herpesvirus induced better protection than that at US10 gene insertion site. PloS one 31 21818336
2021 Streptococcus suis serotype 2 enolase interaction with host brain microvascular endothelial cells and RPSA-induced apoptosis lead to loss of BBB integrity. Veterinary research 30 33618766
2002 US2, a human cytomegalovirus-encoded type I membrane protein, contains a non-cleavable amino-terminal signal peptide. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 11790769
2018 Incomplete penetrance for isolated congenital asplenia in humans with mutations in translated and untranslated RPSA exons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 29 30072435
2003 The pseudorabies virus Us2 protein, a virion tegument component, is prenylated in infected cells. Journal of virology 29 14581565
1999 The equine herpesvirus 1 Us2 homolog encodes a nonessential membrane-associated virion component. Journal of virology 29 10074198
1996 Identification of the active gene coding for the metastasis-associated 37LRP/p40 multifunctional protein. DNA and cell biology 29 8985115
2019 Development of DNA vaccines encoding ribosomal proteins (RplL and RpsA) against Nocardia seriolae infection in fish. Fish & shellfish immunology 28 31830563
2003 Human cytomegalovirus US2 causes similar effects on both major histocompatibility complex class I and II proteins in epithelial and glial cells. Journal of virology 28 12915544
2010 The p97 ATPase dislocates MHC class I heavy chain in US2-expressing cells via a Ufd1-Npl4-independent mechanism. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 20702414
2005 Subtle sequence variation among MHC class I locus products greatly influences sensitivity to HCMV US2- and US11-mediated degradation. International immunology 27 16361314
2018 Insight into novel clinical mutants of RpsA-S324F, E325K, and G341R of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with pyrazinamide resistance. Computational and structural biotechnology journal 26 30402208
1999 Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a gE, gG and US2 gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) vaccine. Vaccine 26 10403598
2007 Involvement of MGr1-Ag/37LRP in the vincristine-induced HIF-1 expression in gastric cancer cells. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 24 17476462
2006 Localization of ERK/MAP kinase is regulated by the alphaherpesvirus tegument protein Us2. Journal of virology 23 16809321
2018 Pyrazinamide-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and rpsA mutations. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents 22 29921403
2017 Multiple E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes regulate human cytomegalovirus US2-mediated immunoreceptor downregulation. Journal of cell science 22 28743740
1999 Spontaneous BHV1 recombinants in which the gI/gE/US9 region is replaced by a duplication/inversion of the US1.5/US2 region. Archives of virology 21 10486108
2020 Gibbs Free Energy Calculation of Mutation in PncA and RpsA Associated With Pyrazinamide Resistance. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 20 32328498
2015 Identification of AFB1-interacting proteins and interactions between RPSA and AFB1. Journal of hazardous materials 20 26372695
2005 Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US2 and US11 target unassembled MHC class I heavy chains for degradation. Molecular immunology 20 16098592
2023 Nuclear RPSA senses viral nucleic acids to promote the innate inflammatory response. Nature communications 19 38114488
2000 The preparation and catalytic properties of recombinant human prostate-specific antigen (rPSA). Biochimica et biophysica acta 19 10962094
2024 Pseudorabies virus tegument protein US2 antagonizes antiviral innate immunity by targeting cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Frontiers in immunology 18 39015575
2023 Emerging roles of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) and 37/67 kDa laminin receptor (RPSA) interaction in cancer biology. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 18 37452879
2021 In Silico Drug Designing for ala438 Deleted Ribosomal Protein S1 (RpsA) on the Basis of the Active Compound Zrl15. ACS omega 18 35036709
2019 Introducing RpsA Point Mutations Δ438A and D123A into the Chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Confirms Their Role in Causing Resistance to Pyrazinamide. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 18 30858213
2008 Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones participate in human cytomegalovirus US2-mediated degradation of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. The Journal of general virology 18 18420789
2003 Human cytomegalovirus US3 chimeras containing US2 cytosolic residues acquire major histocompatibility class I and II protein degradation properties. Journal of virology 18 12663780
1998 Characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) US2 gene product and a US2-deficient HSV-2 mutant. The Journal of general virology 18 9820154
2017 Identification of Mycobacterial RplJ/L10 and RpsA/S1 Proteins as Novel Targets for CD4+ T Cells. Infection and immunity 17 28115505
2013 Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US2 protein interacts with human CD1d (hCD1d) and down-regulates invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activity. Molecules and cells 17 24213674
2009 TRAM1 participates in human cytomegalovirus US2- and US11-mediated dislocation of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane glycoprotein. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 19121997
2021 LAMR1 restricts Zika virus infection by attenuating the envelope protein ubiquitination. Virulence 16 34282707
2015 Hydrogen peroxide regulates cell adhesion through the redox sensor RPSA. Free radical biology & medicine 16 26603095
2007 Complete genomic RNA sequence of the Polish Pepino mosaic virus isolate belonging to the US2 strain. Virus genes 16 17934803
2006 New Polish Isolate of Pepino mosaic virus Highly Distinct from European Tomato, Peruvian, and US2 Strains. Plant disease 16 30781310
2020 Mycobacterium tuberculosis ribosomal protein S1 (RpsA) and variants with truncated C-terminal end show absence of interaction with pyrazinoic acid. Scientific reports 15 32433489
2018 RPSA, a candidate gene for isolated congenital asplenia, is required for pre-rRNA processing and spleen formation in Xenopus. Development (Cambridge, England) 15 30337486
2010 Pseudorabies virus tegument protein Us2 recruits the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) to membranes through interaction with the ERK common docking domain. Journal of virology 15 20554783
2006 A structural determinant of human cytomegalovirus US2 dictates the down-regulation of class I major histocompatibility molecules. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 16687410
2021 The UFM1 Pathway Impacts HCMV US2-Mediated Degradation of HLA Class I. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 14 33430125
1997 Nucleotide sequence of canine herpesvirus homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 US2, US3, glycoproteins I and E, US8.5 and US9 genes. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 14 9524817
2017 The Us2 Gene Product of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 modulates NF-κB activation by targeting TAK1. Scientific reports 13 28827540
2015 Identification and characterization of the duck enteritis virus (DEV) US2 gene. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 13 26535693
2013 The Us2 gene product of herpes simplex virus 2 is a membrane-associated ubiquitin-interacting protein. Journal of virology 13 23785212
2013 RPSA gene mutants associated with risk of colorectal cancer among the chinese population. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 13 24460263

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