Affinage

ROBO2

Roundabout homolog 2 · UniProt Q9HCK4

Length
1378 aa
Mass
151.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
93 papers in source corpus 42 papers cited in narrative 42 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ROBO2 is a transmembrane receptor for Slit family ligands that functions as a central mediator of repulsive guidance, cell migration, tissue morphogenesis, and synaptic organization across multiple organ systems. In the nervous system, ROBO2 transduces Slit-dependent repulsive signals to guide axons at the midline, sort olfactory and retinal projections, regulate dendritic branching and synaptogenesis, and control neuropeptide vesicle trafficking via downstream effectors including Rac1, RhoA, Cdc42, and Nox2 (PMID:11163264, PMID:17640525, PMID:31180321, PMID:33191581); it also acts postsynaptically to promote excitatory synapse formation through trans-synaptic interaction with Neurexins (PMID:34686348). In kidney development, Slit2–ROBO2 signaling restricts the GDNF expression domain and nephrogenic field to position ureteric bud outgrowth, while in mature podocytes ROBO2 inhibits nephrin-induced actin polymerization and destabilizes focal adhesions through a SRGAP1/NMIIA complex, and loss-of-function mutations cause congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) including vesicoureteral reflux (PMID:15130495, PMID:22840396, PMID:27882344, PMID:17357069). ROBO2 protein stability is regulated by ITCH-mediated ubiquitination antagonized by CD47, and by Robo3-dependent lysosomal degradation, while its temporal activity is tuned by NOVA-regulated alternative splicing that controls isoform-specific guidance functions (PMID:41871254, PMID:34916258, PMID:31392959).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 24 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Establishing ROBO2 as a second Slit receptor required for midline repulsion resolved whether a single Robo receptor was sufficient for all Slit-dependent guidance, showing that Robo1 and Robo2 have non-redundant roles and together account for the full Slit mutant phenotype.

    Evidence Drosophila robo;robo2 double mutant phenocopying slit mutant, axon immunostaining

    PMID:11163264

    Open questions at the time
    • Distinct downstream signaling cascades of Robo1 vs Robo2 not resolved
    • Vertebrate Robo2 function not yet tested
  2. 2002 High

    Live imaging of zebrafish robo2 (astray) mutants demonstrated that Robo2 prevents and corrects retinal axon pathfinding errors in vivo, establishing a vertebrate axon guidance function and showing that loss leads to larger, more complex growth cones.

    Evidence Fixed-tissue and time-lapse imaging of zebrafish astray/robo2 mutant retinal axons

    PMID:11804569

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether growth cone morphology change is direct or secondary to guidance errors
    • Downstream cytoskeletal effectors unknown
  3. 2004 High

    Discovery that Slit2–Robo2 restricts the GDNF expression domain in nephrogenic mesenchyme to position ureteric bud outgrowth revealed a non-neuronal morphogenetic role, explaining how loss causes supernumerary ureteric buds and kidney malformations.

    Evidence Slit2−/− and Robo2−/− mouse knockouts with in situ hybridization for Gdnf

    PMID:15130495

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which Robo2 signaling suppresses Gdnf transcription unknown
    • Whether Robo1 contributes to this restriction not tested
  4. 2004 Medium

    A Slit-independent role for Robo2 in serotonergic neuron differentiation was uncovered, showing that Robo2 regulates serotonin transporter expression via the eagle transcription factor independently of ligand binding.

    Evidence Drosophila loss-of-function mutants with slit mutant comparison and robo2;eg genetic epistasis

    PMID:14973268

    Open questions at the time
    • How Robo2 signals without Slit in this context is mechanistically unclear
    • Not confirmed in vertebrate serotonergic neurons
  5. 2007 High

    Translocation disrupting ROBO2 in human families linked the Slit–ROBO2 pathway to vesicoureteral reflux and CAKUT, providing the first direct human genetic evidence for ROBO2 in urinary tract disease.

    Evidence Translocation mapping, dominant-negative in vitro assay, heterozygous mouse models, family segregation

    PMID:17357069

    Open questions at the time
    • Frequency and penetrance of ROBO2 variants in CAKUT populations not established
    • Whether dominant-negative mechanism applies to all reported variants unknown
  6. 2007 High

    Cell-autonomous requirement of Robo2 for limiting retinal ganglion cell arborization and synaptogenesis established that Robo2 controls not only axon pathfinding but also terminal arbor size and synapse number, with Slit1a acting through both Robo2-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

    Evidence Zebrafish astray/robo2 mutant, single-cell arbor imaging, dominant-negative and full-length rescue

    PMID:17640525

    Open questions at the time
    • Robo2-independent Slit1a receptor not identified
    • Downstream signaling controlling arbor size not mapped
  7. 2008 High

    Identification of Robo2 on ingressing placode cells interacting with Slit1 on cranial neural crest cells established a non-axonal cell–cell interaction mechanism for tissue assembly during gangliogenesis.

    Evidence Chick cell ablation, Robo2 blocking antibodies, RNAi for receptor and ligand

    PMID:18278043

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream intracellular effectors in placode cells not identified at this stage
  8. 2009 High

    Slit1–Robo2 signaling was shown to modulate surface N-cadherin levels post-translationally on placode cells, linking Robo2 to cell adhesion regulation rather than purely repulsive guidance.

    Evidence Bidirectional manipulation (RNAi, dominant-negative, gain-of-function) in chick trigeminal ganglion model

    PMID:19934013 PMID:19961927

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of post-translational N-cadherin surface regulation unknown
    • Whether this adhesion role generalizes beyond placode cells
  9. 2010 High

    Systematic epistasis across Robo1/2/3 and Slit1-3 mouse mutants distinguished Robo2 as the receptor directing post-crossing axons into the lateral funiculus, resolving the distinct contributions of each Robo family member to commissural axon guidance.

    Evidence Multiple mouse combination mutants with commissural axon trajectory analysis

    PMID:20631173

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of additional Slit receptor(s) suggested by epistasis not determined
  10. 2011 High

    Robo2 was placed downstream of MyoD/Myf5 in pioneer myoblasts where it transduces Slit1 signals via RhoA to direct directional migration and fiber formation, extending Robo2 function to myogenesis.

    Evidence Avian somite inversion, Robo2/Slit1 loss-of-function, RhoA pathway analysis

    PMID:21653616

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct RhoA activation mechanism by Robo2 intracellular domain not characterized
  11. 2012 High

    Discovery that Robo2 forms a complex with nephrin via Nck and inhibits nephrin-induced actin polymerization established a podocyte-specific signaling axis explaining foot process regulation.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro actin polymerization assay, Robo2 KO mouse, genetic epistasis with nephrin null

    PMID:22840396

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of Robo2–Nck–nephrin complex not resolved
    • Whether Slit ligands are required for this interaction in vivo
  12. 2015 High

    Robo2 was shown to act in trans to inhibit Slit–Robo1 repulsion in pre-crossing commissural axons, revealing a non-cell-autonomous receptor–receptor interaction mechanism distinct from canonical signaling.

    Evidence Drosophila gain-of-function, rescue, cell non-autonomous expression, extracellular domain deletion mapping

    PMID:26186094

    Open questions at the time
    • Biophysical basis of Robo2–Robo1 trans interaction not structurally defined
    • Whether this trans mechanism operates in vertebrates unknown
  13. 2015 High

    Slit2–Robo2 was found to drive retinal neovascularization by promoting endothelial migration and Rac1 activation, establishing a pro-angiogenic role that contrasts with its repulsive axon guidance function.

    Evidence Conditional KO mice with retinal angiogenesis, Rac1 activation, endothelial migration assays

    PMID:25894826

    Open questions at the time
    • How the same receptor produces attraction in endothelial cells vs repulsion in neurons not mechanistically resolved
  14. 2016 High

    A ROBO2/SRGAP1/NMIIA signaling complex was identified in podocytes where Slit2 stimulation inhibits myosin IIA activity and destabilizes focal adhesions, providing the downstream effector pathway for podocyte detachment.

    Evidence Co-IP, direct interaction assay, focal adhesion and cell adhesion assays, podocyte-specific Robo2 KO in hypertension model

    PMID:27882344

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SRGAP1/NMIIA pathway operates in non-podocyte ROBO2-expressing cells
    • Structural basis of SRGAP1–MRLC interaction
  15. 2018 High

    Epithelial Robo2 loss in the pancreas non-cell-autonomously activates myofibroblasts via TGF-β and Wnt signaling, rescued by TGF-β inhibition, revealing a tumor-suppressive stromal regulatory function.

    Evidence Pdx1Cre;Robo2F/F conditional KO, pancreatitis/PDAC models, galunisertib rescue

    PMID:30504844

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which epithelial Robo2 loss triggers stromal TGF-β activation unclear
    • Whether Slit ligands are involved in this context not determined
  16. 2019 High

    NOVA-regulated alternative splicing at a conserved microexon was shown to produce ROBO2 isoforms with temporally distinct guidance activities — early isoforms promoting repulsion, later ones allowing crossing — resolving how the same gene achieves stage-specific guidance decisions.

    Evidence NOVA splicing factor mutant mice, isoform-specific functional assays, commissural axon guidance analysis

    PMID:31392959

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether microexon splicing regulation is conserved across all Robo2-expressing tissues
    • Structural consequence of microexon inclusion not determined
  17. 2019 Medium

    A cryptic NELL1/2-binding site in the first FNIII domain of Robo2 was identified that is conformationally occluded at neutral pH and exposed at acidic pH, revealing a pH-regulated non-Slit ligand interaction and suggesting context-dependent ligand engagement.

    Evidence In vitro binding assays, deletion/point mutagenesis, FRET-based conformational analysis, isoform-dependent affinity measurements

    PMID:30700556 PMID:35940226

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vivo validation of NELL1/2–Robo2 signaling
    • Physiological context where acidic pH unmasking occurs not identified
  18. 2019 High

    Robo2 was found to regulate synaptic oxytocin content by controlling local actin dynamics via Cdc42, establishing a Slit3–Robo2–Cdc42 neuropeptide trafficking pathway.

    Evidence Zebrafish robo2 mutant, live imaging of OXT vesicles, FRAP, dominant-negative Cdc42 epistasis

    PMID:31180321

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this mechanism generalizes to other neuropeptidergic synapses unknown
    • Direct link between Robo2 and Cdc42 activation not biochemically shown
  19. 2019 High

    A non-canonical Robo2 signaling axis through Baiap2/IRSp53 to MDM2 phosphorylation was discovered in renal epithelial cells, where Robo2 loss causes p53-dependent senescence and cystic kidney disease, rescued by p53 co-deletion.

    Evidence Co-IP, phosphorylation assays, Robo2 KO and Robo2/p53 double KO mice, polarity and ciliogenesis analysis

    PMID:31534052

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this MDM2-p53 axis operates in other Robo2-expressing tissues unknown
    • Kinase mediating MDM2 Ser166 phosphorylation downstream of Robo2–Baiap2 not identified
  20. 2019 High

    In Drosophila tendons, Robo2 was shown to have a non-signaling role promoting Slit cleavage to produce the Slit-N guidance signal, demonstrating a ligand-processing function distinct from canonical receptor signaling.

    Evidence Tissue-specific RNAi/rescue, membrane-tethered Slit constructs bypassing Robo2 requirement

    PMID:26400093

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which Robo2 promotes Slit cleavage unknown
    • Whether this processing role exists in vertebrate tissues
  21. 2020 Medium

    Nox2-generated hydrogen peroxide was placed downstream of Slit2–Robo2 signaling in growth cone collapse, identifying reactive oxygen species as an effector of Robo2-mediated repulsion.

    Evidence Zebrafish RGC culture, pharmacological Nox inhibition, Nox2 mutant, ROS biosensor, astray/nox2 genetic interaction

    PMID:33191581

    Open questions at the time
    • How Robo2 activates Nox2 is mechanistically unclear
    • Whether ROS pathway is specific to retinal neurons or general Robo2 effector
  22. 2021 High

    Robo2 was identified as a postsynaptic organizer of excitatory synapses in hippocampal CA1 neurons through trans-synaptic interaction with Neurexins, revealing a synaptogenic function beyond axon guidance.

    Evidence Conditional KO, synaptogenesis assays, Co-IP of Robo2–Neurexin, 2-photon calcium imaging in behaving mice

    PMID:34686348

    Open questions at the time
    • Which Neurexin isoform(s) bind Robo2 and which Robo2 domains mediate this interaction
    • Whether Slit and Neurexin binding are competitive or cooperative
  23. 2021 Medium

    Soluble TREM-1 was identified as a non-Slit ligand for Robo2 on hepatic stellate cells, activating Smad2/3 and PI3K/Akt signaling to promote fibrosis, broadening the ligand repertoire beyond Slit family members.

    Evidence Unbiased pull-down/mass spectrometry, Co-IP, HSC-specific Robo2 knockdown in mouse fibrosis model

    PMID:34750987

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding domain on Robo2 for sTREM-1 not mapped
    • Whether sTREM-1–Robo2 interaction is direct or through an intermediary not fully resolved
  24. 2025 High

    ROBO2 protein stability was shown to be controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, which ubiquitinates ROBO2 for proteasomal degradation; CD47 stabilizes ROBO2 by sequestering ITCH, linking immune checkpoint signaling to guidance receptor turnover.

    Evidence Co-IP of CD47–ITCH–ROBO2 complex, ubiquitination assays, proteasome inhibitor experiments, in vivo GBM tumor model

    PMID:41871254

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific ubiquitination sites on ROBO2 not mapped
    • Whether CD47-dependent stabilization of ROBO2 operates outside GBM context

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Major unresolved questions include: (1) how the same receptor produces repulsion in neurons but attraction/migration in endothelial cells and other cell types, (2) the structural basis for isoform- and pH-dependent ligand selectivity (Slit vs NELL1/2 vs sTREM-1 vs Neurexin), and (3) whether the ITCH-mediated degradation and Robo3-mediated lysosomal degradation pathways intersect or operate independently to control ROBO2 protein levels.
  • No unified structural model of full-length ROBO2 ectodomain with ligands
  • Context-dependent signaling polarity (attraction vs repulsion) mechanistically unexplained
  • Cross-talk between proteasomal (ITCH) and lysosomal (Robo3) degradation pathways untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 10 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0005768 endosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 8 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4
Partners
BAIAP2ITCHNEPHRINNRXN1ROBO1SLIT1SLIT2SRGAP1
Complex memberships
ROBO2/Baiap2(IRSp53)ROBO2/SRGAP1/NMIIAROBO2/nephrin/Nck

Evidence

Reading pass · 42 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 SLIT2/ROBO2 signaling in the nephrogenic mesenchyme restricts GDNF expression domain and thereby limits ureteric bud outgrowth to a single site; loss of either SLIT2 or ROBO2 causes anterior expansion of Gdnf expression and supernumerary ureteric buds. Mouse knockout (Slit2-/- and Robo2-/- mutants), in situ hybridization for Gdnf expression, histological analysis of kidney development Developmental cell High 15130495
2000 Drosophila Robo2 and Robo1 have distinct roles in midline axon guidance; robo,robo2 double mutant phenocopies slit mutant (growth cones enter and fail to leave midline), demonstrating Robo2 is a second Slit receptor that together with Robo1 controls repulsive guidance at the midline. Drosophila genetics, double mutant analysis (robo;robo2 and slit), axon immunostaining Neuron High 11163264
2007 ROBO2 loss-of-function (translocation disrupting ROBO2) produces dominant-negative ROBO2 proteins that abrogate SLIT-ROBO signaling in vitro, implicating the SLIT-ROBO2 pathway in vesicoureteral reflux and CAKUT pathogenesis. Translocation mapping, dominant-negative in vitro signaling assay, heterozygous mouse models, missense variant segregation analysis American journal of human genetics High 17357069
2015 Slit2 acting through Robo1 and Robo2 promotes endothelial cell migration, Rac1 activation, and lamellipodia formation, driving retinal neovascularization; both receptors are required for Slit2- and VEGF-induced Rac1 activation. Conditional knockout mice (various Slit/Robo combinations), retinal angiogenesis assay, Rac1 activation assay, lamellipodia imaging, endothelial cell migration assay Nature medicine High 25894826
2002 Robo2 (astray) in zebrafish shapes retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding by preventing and correcting pathfinding errors; robo2 mutant growth cones are larger and more complex, make midline and pre/post-midline errors that are rarely corrected, consistent with Slit2 and Slit3 acting as repulsive ligands via Robo2. Fixed-tissue and time-lapse imaging of zebrafish astray/robo2 mutant retinal axons, Slit expression analysis Neuron High 11804569
2012 Robo2 is expressed on the basal surface of podocytes and forms a complex with nephrin through the adaptor protein Nck; Slit2-Robo2 signaling inhibits nephrin-induced actin polymerization and acts as a negative regulator of podocyte foot process architecture. Co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization studies, in vitro actin polymerization assay, Robo2 knockout mouse analysis, genetic interaction (Robo2 KO crossed to nephrin null) Cell reports High 22840396
2016 SLIT2/ROBO2 signaling activates a pathway through SRGAP1 and nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) in podocytes; MRLC (myosin II regulatory light chain) interacts directly with SRGAP1 and forms a ROBO2/SRGAP1/NMIIA complex in the presence of SLIT2; SLIT2 stimulation inhibits NMIIA activity, decreases focal adhesion formation, and reduces podocyte attachment to collagen. Co-immunoprecipitation, direct protein interaction assay, immunostaining, focal adhesion assay, cell adhesion assay, podocyte-specific Robo2 KO mouse, in vivo hypertension model JCI insight High 27882344
2015 Robo2 acts in trans (non-cell-autonomously) to inhibit Slit-Robo1 repulsion in pre-crossing commissural axons in Drosophila; Robo2's extracellular domains required for binding to Robo1 are also required for its ability to promote midline crossing, suggesting a receptor-receptor interaction mechanism. Drosophila genetics, gain-of-function and rescue assays, cell non-autonomous expression, extracellular domain deletion analysis eLife High 26186094
2008 Robo2 receptor on ingressing placode cells interacts with its cognate ligand Slit1 expressed on early migrating cranial neural crest cells to mediate neural crest-placode interactions required for trigeminal ganglion assembly. Cell ablation experiments in chick, Robo2 function blocking antibodies, RNAi knockdown of Robo2 and Slit1, in situ hybridization for expression patterns Nature neuroscience High 18278043
2009 Slit1-Robo2 signaling modulates N-cadherin protein levels on the placodal cell surface (post-translationally, without changing total N-cadherin mRNA or protein) to regulate placodal cell adhesion during gangliogenesis; blocking Robo2 decreases surface N-cadherin, while increasing Slit-Robo signaling increases it. In vivo RNAi, dominant-negative Robo2 expression, N-cadherin manipulation, co-expression rescue experiments, in vivo chick trigeminal ganglion model Development (Cambridge, England) High 19934013
2010 Robo1 and Robo2 collaborate to prevent post-crossing commissural axons from reentering gray matter; Robo2 specifically is required for axons to project away from the floor plate into the lateral funiculus, while Robo1 prevents axonal stalling after crossing; epistatic analysis shows the double mutant is less severe than loss of all Slits, suggesting additional Slit receptor(s) exist. Mouse combination mutants (Robo1-/-, Robo2-/-, Robo3-/-, Slit1-3 triple mutant), commissural axon trajectory analysis The Journal of neuroscience High 20631173
2007 Robo-2 is required in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) for dorsoventral segregation of axons in the olfactory bulb; Slit-1 and Slit-3 expressed in the ventral OB act as repulsive ligands via Robo-2 to prevent dorsal OSN axons from projecting to the ventral OB. Robo-2 and Slit-1 knockout mice, olfactory axon tracing, expression analysis The Journal of neuroscience High 17715346
2009 Robo2 is the major Slit receptor required for intraretinal axon guidance in mice; Robo1 knockout shows no intraretinal guidance defects, while Robo2 knockout phenocopies Slit1/Slit2 double mutant intraretinal pathfinding errors. Robo1 and Robo2 knockout mice, intraretinal axon tracing and pathfinding error quantification Developmental biology High 19782674
2007 Slit1a inhibits retinal ganglion cell arborization and synaptogenesis via Robo2 in a cell-autonomous manner; increased arborization in astray/robo2 mutant is phenocopied by dominant-negative Robo2 in single RGCs and rescued by full-length Robo2; Slit1a acts both through Robo2-dependent and Robo2-independent mechanisms. Zebrafish astray/robo2 mutant, single-cell arbor imaging, dominant-negative and rescue constructs, morpholino knockdown, synaptic site labeling (YFP-Rab3) Neuron High 17640525
2015 ROBO2 restricts the nephrogenic field by limiting epithelial/mesenchymal interactions between the Wolffian duct/ureteric epithelium and mesenchyme; loss of Robo2 fails to separate the mesenchyme from Wolffian duct epithelium, exposing mesenchyme to abnormally high proliferative stimuli, expanding the nephrogenic cord cell number and the metanephric mesenchyme field. High-resolution 3D imaging of Robo2-null mouse embryos, ex vivo kidney explant experiments, cell proliferation analysis Developmental biology High 26116176
2014 SLIT/ROBO2 signaling in mammary basal cells restricts mammary stem cell (MaSC) renewal by negatively regulating WNT signaling; absence of SLIT/ROBO2 leads to increased nuclear β-catenin and repressed expression of p16(INK4a), delaying MaSC senescence. Robo2 conditional knockout mice, mammary stem cell functional assay, β-catenin localization, p16(INK4a) expression analysis Stem cell reports Medium 25241737
2019 In Drosophila tendons, Robo2 plays a non-signaling role by promoting Slit cleavage to produce the cleaved Slit N-terminal guidance signal; tendon-specific Robo2 expression (not muscle-specific) rescues muscle patterning defects, and membrane immobilization of Slit-N bypasses the requirement for tendon Robo2. Drosophila genetics, tissue-specific RNAi and rescue, membrane-tethered Slit constructs, muscle patterning analysis Development (Cambridge, England) High 26400093
2011 Pioneer myoblasts express Robo2 downstream of MyoD and Myf5; sclerotome-derived Slit1 acts through Robo2 to direct pioneer myoblast migration and fiber formation via RhoA; loss of Robo2 or sclerotome-derived Slit1 perturbs directional migration and fiber formation. Avian somite inversion experiments, Robo2/Slit1 loss-of-function in chick embryos, RhoA pathway analysis, fiber formation and migration assays Development (Cambridge, England) High 21653616
2019 Robo2 contains a cryptic binding site for NELL1 and NELL2 in its first fibronectin type III (FNIII) domain; this site is normally occluded in intact Robo2 and becomes accessible upon acidic conditions or proteolytic digestion; specific amino acids in the FNIII domain critical for NELL1 binding to Robo2 (but not Robo1) were identified by mutagenesis. Binding assays (NELL1/2 vs Robo family members), deletion mutant analysis, single amino acid mutagenesis, acidic pH binding experiments The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 30700556
2022 Conformational change of the Robo2 ectodomain (hairpin-like structure loosening) at acidic pH unmasks the NELL1/2-binding site; the interaction between Ig-like and FNIII domains maintains the occluded conformation at neutral pH; alternative splicing isoforms affect this conformational equilibrium and NELL1/2-binding affinity. FRET-based conformational indicator, size exclusion chromatography, binding assays with isoforms, acidic pH experiments Journal of molecular biology Medium 35940226
2019 Robo2 regulates synaptic oxytocin content by controlling local actin dynamics via Cdc42; robo2 mutant zebrafish show decreased synaptic OXT levels, reduced Lifeact-EGFP mobility in OXT synapses, and slower vesicle accumulation; dominant-negative Cdc42 (a downstream effector of Robo2) modulates OXT content, placing Slit3-Robo2-Cdc42 in a pathway controlling actin dynamics at OXT synapses. Zebrafish robo2 mutant, live imaging of OXT vesicles and actin probe, FRAP, dominant-negative Cdc42 expression, genetic epistasis eLife High 31180321
2021 Robo2 acts postsynaptically in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons to promote formation of excitatory (but not inhibitory) synapses specifically in proximal dendritic compartments; this synaptogenic activity involves a trans-synaptic interaction with presynaptic Neurexins and also binding to its canonical ligand Slit. In vivo conditional KO, in vitro synaptogenesis assays, co-immunoprecipitation (Robo2-Neurexin interaction), 2-photon Ca2+ imaging of place cells in behaving mice Cell reports High 34686348
2019 Robo2 binds Baiap2 (IRSp53) through its IRSp53/MIM homology domain in renal epithelial cells; this interaction allows Robo2 to phosphorylate MDM2 at Ser166 via Baiap2, maintaining p53 homeostasis; disruption of Robo2-Baiap2 complex causes MDM2 dephosphorylation, elevated active p53, p53-mediated cellular senescence via p21, and decreased polarity/ciliary proteins, leading to cystic kidney disease. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, Robo2 KO and double KO (Robo2/p53) mouse models, ciliogenesis and polarity analysis JCI insight High 31534052
2018 Epithelial Robo2 loss in the pancreas leads to activation of Robo1+ myofibroblasts and induction of TGF-β and Wnt pathways in a non-cell-autonomous manner; TGF-β inhibitor galunisertib suppresses the myofibroblast activation, collagen crosslinking, and immune infiltration caused by Robo2 loss. Pdx1Cre;Robo2F/F conditional KO mice, pancreatitis and PDAC mouse models, cell culture, TGF-β inhibitor treatment, collagen analysis Nature communications High 30504844
2012 Robo2 acts as the predominant receptor directing dorsal longitudinal axon tract formation in mouse spinal cord and also has a distinct function in repelling neuron cell bodies from the floor plate; Robo1 is the predominant receptor for ventral longitudinal tracts. Conditional reduction of Robo levels in mouse embryos, genetic sensitization strategy, longitudinal axon tract imaging Developmental biology Medium 21820427
2013 Robo2 and Dcc coordinate zebrafish ADt neuron axonal projection choices; Robo2 responds to repellent Slit signals and suppresses attractive Netrin signals; knockdown of Robo2 abolishes the ipsilateral SOT projection from ADt neurons. Zebrafish morpholino knockdown of Robo2 and Dcc/Netrin1, single-cell labeling of ADt neurons, projection pattern analysis The Journal of neuroscience Medium 22956848
2019 Mammalian ROBO1 and ROBO2 are subject to temporal regulation via alternative splicing at a conserved microexon; NOVA splicing factors regulate developmental expression of ROBO1 and ROBO2 variants with distinct guidance activities; early isoforms activate axonal repulsion to prevent premature crossing, later isoforms allow crossing, and postcrossing isoforms are disinhibited. Alternative splicing analysis, NOVA splicing factor mutant mice, commissural axon guidance assays, isoform-specific functional assays eLife High 31392959
2014 Robo3.1A promotes degradation of Robo2 protein by recruiting it into a late endosome- and lysosome-dependent pathway; cotransfection of Robo3.1A significantly reduces Robo2 protein levels in HEK293 cells and cerebellar granule cells; Robo2 and Robo3 colocalize in intracellular vesicles positive for late endosome/lysosome markers. Cotransfection experiments, cell surface binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, immunocytochemical colocalization with organelle markers Journal of neuroscience research Medium 24936616
2021 Robo2 function in regenerating peripheral nerve axons is required and sufficient for target-selective regeneration at nerve branch-points; Robo2 acts in response to locally positioned glia to prevent and correct axonal errors during regeneration. Zebrafish motor nerve regeneration model, cell-type-specific expression and knockdown of robo2, live imaging, glia ablation The Journal of neuroscience Medium 34916258
2011 Robo2 is required for maintenance of an anti-reflux mechanism at the ureterovesical junction; Robo2-deficient mice develop high-grade VUR due to a dilated and incompetent ureterovesical junction rather than ureteral obstruction; Robo2 is expressed around the developing ureterovesical junction. High-resolution micro-ultrasonography, microbubble contrast agent, ultrasound-guided aspiration, expression analysis, Robo2 KO mouse model PloS one Medium 21949750
2020 Slit2-mediated growth cone collapse and axonal retraction are eliminated by Nox2 inhibition; slit2 increases growth cone hydrogen peroxide levels via Nox2 activation; astray/nox2 double heterozygotes show reduced retinotectal innervation, placing NADPH oxidase 2 downstream of slit2/Robo2 signaling. Zebrafish RGC culture, pharmacological Nox inhibition, Nox2 mutant fish, ROS biosensor imaging, growth cone collapse assay, astray/nox2 genetic interaction Developmental neurobiology Medium 33191581
2021 Soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) is identified as a novel ligand for Robo2; sTREM-1 binds Robo2 on hepatic stellate cells and activates downstream Smad2/3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, promoting HSC activation and liver fibrosis; HSC-specific knockdown of Robo2 inhibits sTREM-1-induced HSC activation. Pull-down assay with mass spectrometry (receptor identification), co-IP and immunofluorescence (interaction verification), Robo2 siRNA knockdown in LX-2 cells, AAV-mediated HSC-specific Robo2 knockdown in mouse fibrosis model Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 34750987
2021 The Slit-binding Ig1 domain of Drosophila Robo2 is required for midline repulsion, lateral axon pathway formation, and proper subcellular localization in embryonic neurons; removal of Ig1 from Robo2 (but not Robo1) disrupts axonal localization, suggesting a unique role for this domain in Robo2. CRISPR/Cas9-based endogenous gene replacement (robo2ΔIg1), in vivo axon guidance analysis, protein localization imaging Genesis Medium 34411419
2020 ROBO2 expression in podocytes is upregulated after glomerular injury; loss of ROBO2 in podocytes (conditional KO) protects from foot process effacement and proteinuria after glomerular injury (protamine sulfate or nephrotoxic serum); overexpression of ROBO2 in cultured mouse podocytes compromises cell adhesion. Podocyte-specific Robo2 conditional KO, glomerular injury models (protamine sulfate, NTS), electron microscopy, proteinuria measurement, ROBO2 overexpression in cultured podocytes The American journal of pathology High 32220420
2023 Robo2 conditional deletion in adult β cells causes loss of pancreatic islet architecture without affecting β cell identity or maturation, demonstrating that Robo2 actively maintains adult islet architecture rather than solely setting it during development. Adult conditional Robo2 deletion in β cells (inducible Cre), islet architecture quantification, β cell identity/maturation markers Developmental biology Medium 37972678
2020 ROBO2 in the common nephric duct (CND) regulates CND migration and fusion with the primitive bladder via its novel binding partner RALDH2; delayed apoptosis due to failure of CND fusion in Robo2-/- embryos causes abnormal ureter connection; retinoic acid rescues ureter anomalies in Robo2-/- embryos. Robo2 knockout mouse, protein interaction studies (novel binding partner RALDH2), retinoic acid rescue experiment, apoptosis analysis Developmental biology Medium 32562756
2013 Lhx2 transcription factor controls thalamocortical axon guidance and topographic sorting by regulating expression of Robo1 and Robo2 guidance receptors; augmenting Robo1 function restores normal axon guidance in Lhx2-overexpressing neurons, placing Lhx2 upstream of Robo1/Robo2 in thalamocortical circuit formation. Conditional deletion of Lhx2 in thalamus, Lhx2 overexpression, thalamocortical axon tracing, Robo1/Robo2 expression analysis, Robo1 rescue experiment The Journal of neuroscience Medium 22457488
2009 Robo2 is required in Xenopus RGCs for dendrite branching but not guidance; Slit/Robo2 signaling stimulates dendrite branching via Robo2 (Robo3 has no effect on dendrites); in the same cells, both Robo2 and Robo3 function in concert in axons to mediate axonal guidance and respond to Slits, demonstrating distinct functions of the same receptor in axons versus dendrites. Antisense knockdown, dominant-negative Robo2/Robo3 constructs, in vitro Xenopus RGC cultures, dendrite and axon morphometry Mechanisms of development Medium 19961927
2022 Robo2 and Gen1 coregulate ureteric budding by activating the GDNF/RET pathway and downstream MAPK/ERK signaling, promoting cell proliferation; double gene disruption (Robo2 + Gen1) significantly increases CAKUT phenotypes, and this is rescued by MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126. Robo2/Gen1 double mutant mouse model (piggyBac transposon), MAPK/ERK pathway analysis, cell proliferation assay, U0126 pharmacological rescue Frontiers in medicine Medium 35071283
2004 Drosophila robo2 and robo3 are necessary for serotonergic neuron differentiation, functioning independently of their ligand Slit; loss of robo2 or robo3 causes loss of serotonin transporter (SerT) expression and loss of eagle (eg) transcription factor expression in serotonergic neurons; robo2 and eg interact genetically to regulate SerT expression. Drosophila genetics, loss-of-function mutants, slit mutant comparison, genetic interaction (robo2;eg double mutant), SerT and Eg expression analysis Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 14973268
2026 CD47 stabilizes ROBO2 protein by sequestering the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, thereby blocking ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ROBO2; loss of CD47 leads to ROBO2 degradation, reducing GBM cell proliferation and migration. Co-immunoprecipitation (CD47-ITCH-ROBO2 complex), ubiquitination assay, proteasome inhibitor experiments, CD47 and ROBO2 loss-of-function in GBM cells, in vivo tumor burden assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 41871254
2025 Slit1b/2-Robo2 repulsive signaling in the amacrine cell layer is essential to initiate apical horizontal cell migration during retinal lamination; disruption of this pathway causes basal retention of horizontal cells. Zebrafish transcriptomics, targeted CRISPR screening, live imaging of horizontal cell migration bioRxivpreprint Medium bio_10.1101_2025.07.23.666134

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 93 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 SLIT2-mediated ROBO2 signaling restricts kidney induction to a single site. Developmental cell 300 15130495
2000 Short-range and long-range guidance by slit and its Robo receptors. Robo and Robo2 play distinct roles in midline guidance. Neuron 209 11163264
2007 Disruption of ROBO2 is associated with urinary tract anomalies and confers risk of vesicoureteral reflux. American journal of human genetics 159 17357069
2015 Slit2 signaling through Robo1 and Robo2 is required for retinal neovascularization. Nature medicine 156 25894826
2002 Pathfinding and error correction by retinal axons: the role of astray/robo2. Neuron 139 11804569
2010 Collaborative and specialized functions of Robo1 and Robo2 in spinal commissural axon guidance. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 98 20631173
2007 Requirement for Slit-1 and Robo-2 in zonal segregation of olfactory sensory neuron axons in the main olfactory bulb. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 93 17715346
2009 N-cadherin acts in concert with Slit1-Robo2 signaling in regulating aggregation of placode-derived cranial sensory neurons. Development (Cambridge, England) 72 19934013
2008 Robo2-Slit1 dependent cell-cell interactions mediate assembly of the trigeminal ganglion. Nature neuroscience 72 18278043
2007 Slit1a inhibits retinal ganglion cell arborization and synaptogenesis via Robo2-dependent and -independent pathways. Neuron 70 17640525
2015 Robo2 acts in trans to inhibit Slit-Robo1 repulsion in pre-crossing commissural axons. eLife 69 26186094
2005 Robo2 is required for establishment of a precise glomerular map in the zebrafish olfactory system. Development (Cambridge, England) 61 15716341
2002 Ectopic expression in the giant fiber system of Drosophila reveals distinct roles for roundabout (Robo), Robo2, and Robo3 in dendritic guidance and synaptic connectivity. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 61 11943815
2012 The lhx2 transcription factor controls thalamocortical axonal guidance by specific regulation of robo1 and robo2 receptors. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 57 22457488
2014 Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy. Nature communications 56 25226531
2008 ROBO2 gene variants are associated with familial vesicoureteral reflux. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 55 18235093
2015 Mutations of the SLIT2-ROBO2 pathway genes SLIT2 and SRGAP1 confer risk for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Human genetics 53 26026792
2012 Inhibitory effects of Robo2 on nephrin: a crosstalk between positive and negative signals regulating podocyte structure. Cell reports 51 22840396
2018 ROBO2 is a stroma suppressor gene in the pancreas and acts via TGF-β signalling. Nature communications 50 30504844
2016 SLIT2/ROBO2 signaling pathway inhibits nonmuscle myosin IIA activity and destabilizes kidney podocyte adhesion. JCI insight 49 27882344
2011 Robo2 determines subtype-specific axonal projections of trigeminal sensory neurons. Development (Cambridge, England) 43 22190641
2004 Dynamic expression patterns of Robo (Robo1 and Robo2) in the developing murine central nervous system. The Journal of comparative neurology 40 14689480
2021 Synaptogenic activity of the axon guidance molecule Robo2 underlies hippocampal circuit function. Cell reports 38 34686348
2015 ROBO2 restricts the nephrogenic field and regulates Wolffian duct-nephrogenic cord separation. Developmental biology 36 26116176
2012 Robo2--slit and Dcc--netrin1 coordinate neuron axonal pathfinding within the embryonic axon tracts. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 36 22956848
2009 Robo-2 controls the segregation of a portion of basal vomeronasal sensory neuron axons to the posterior region of the accessory olfactory bulb. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 32 19906969
2009 Robo2 is required for Slit-mediated intraretinal axon guidance. Developmental biology 31 19782674
2009 Distinct roles for Robo2 in the regulation of axon and dendrite growth by retinal ganglion cells. Mechanisms of development 30 19961927
2019 Temporal regulation of axonal repulsion by alternative splicing of a conserved microexon in mammalian Robo1 and Robo2. eLife 29 31392959
2018 Slit2-Robo2 signaling modulates the fibrogenic activity and migration of hepatic stellate cells. Life sciences 26 29660433
2014 SLIT/ROBO2 signaling promotes mammary stem cell senescence by inhibiting Wnt signaling. Stem cell reports 26 25241737
2006 Dynamic changes in Robo2 and Slit1 expression in adult rat dorsal root ganglion and sciatic nerve after peripheral and central axonal injury. Neuroscience research 26 16979769
2019 Robo2 contains a cryptic binding site for neural EGFL-like (NELL) protein 1/2. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 30700556
2013 Sim1a and Arnt2 contribute to hypothalamo-spinal axon guidance by regulating Robo2 activity via a Robo3-dependent mechanism. Development (Cambridge, England) 24 23222439
2004 robo2 and robo3 interact with eagle to regulate serotonergic neuron differentiation. Development (Cambridge, England) 24 14973268
2011 Robo1 and Robo2 have distinct roles in pioneer longitudinal axon guidance. Developmental biology 23 21820427
2015 A non-signaling role of Robo2 in tendons is essential for Slit processing and muscle patterning. Development (Cambridge, England) 22 26400093
2013 Frameshift mutations of axon guidance genes ROBO1 and ROBO2 in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Pathology 22 24247621
2010 Analysis of the astray/robo2 zebrafish mutant reveals that degenerating tracts do not provide strong guidance cues for regenerating optic axons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 21 20943924
2020 Loss of Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2 (Robo2) in Podocytes Protects Adult Mice from Glomerular Injury by Maintaining Podocyte Foot Process Structure. The American journal of pathology 20 32220420
2012 Slits and Robo-2 regulate the coalescence of subsets of olfactory sensory neuron axons within the ventral region of the olfactory bulb. Developmental biology 20 22981605
2020 Neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 regulates growth cone guidance downstream of slit2/robo2. Developmental neurobiology 19 33191581
2015 Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (Mecp2) Regulates Sensory Function Through Sema5b and Robo2. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 19 26733807
2011 Sclerotome-derived Slit1 drives directional migration and differentiation of Robo2-expressing pioneer myoblasts. Development (Cambridge, England) 19 21653616
2022 Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies ROBO2 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Anthracycline-Related Cardiomyopathy in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 18 36508697
2020 ROBO2 signaling in lung development regulates SOX2/SOX9 balance, branching morphogenesis and is dysregulated in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Respiratory research 17 33208157
2018 Implication of SLIT3-ROBO1/ROBO2 in granulosa cell proliferation, differentiation and follicle selection in the prehierarchical follicles of hen ovary. Cell biology international 16 30288875
2012 Identification and characterisation of STMN4 and ROBO2 gene involvement in neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Cancer letters 16 22906418
2006 Isolation and differential expression of two isoforms of the ROBO2/Robo2 axon guidance receptor gene in humans and mice. Genomics 16 16829019
2019 Robo2 regulates synaptic oxytocin content by affecting actin dynamics. eLife 15 31180321
2013 Down-regulation of ROBO2 expression in prostate cancers. Pathology oncology research : POR 15 24272677
2009 Mutations in the ROBO2 and SLIT2 genes are rare causes of familial vesico-ureteral reflux. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 15 19350278
2022 An ancient founder mutation located between ROBO1 and ROBO2 is responsible for increased microtia risk in Amerindigenous populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 14 35584116
2022 Circ_ROBO2/miR-186-5p/TRIM14 axis regulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury. Regenerative therapy 13 35620639
2021 Circ_ROBO2/miR-149 Axis Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells by Activating NF-κB Signaling. Cytogenetic and genome research 13 34649241
2013 Heterozygous non-synonymous ROBO2 variants are unlikely to be sufficient to cause familial vesicoureteric reflux. Kidney international 13 23536131
2021 The Slit-binding Ig1 domain is required for multiple axon guidance activities of Drosophila Robo2. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 11 34411419
2017 CRISPR-based gene replacement reveals evolutionarily conserved axon guidance functions of Drosophila Robo3 and Tribolium Robo2/3. EvoDevo 11 28588759
2013 The E3 ubiquitin ligase Mycbp2 genetically interacts with Robo2 to modulate axon guidance in the mouse olfactory system. Brain structure & function 10 23525682
2013 Replication of a ROBO2 polymorphism associated with conduct problems but not psychopathic tendencies in children. Psychiatric genetics 10 23982283
2011 Noninvasive assessment of antenatal hydronephrosis in mice reveals a critical role for Robo2 in maintaining anti-reflux mechanism. PloS one 10 21949750
2006 Alternatively spliced Robo2 isoforms in zebrafish and rat. Development genes and evolution 10 16625395
2021 Soluble TREM-1, as a new ligand for the membrane receptor Robo2, promotes hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 9 34750987
2021 Robo2 Drives Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Response to Glia-Derived Signals. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 9 34916258
2021 Identification of ROBO2 as a Potential Locus Associated with Inhaled Corticosteroid Response in Childhood Asthma. Journal of personalized medicine 8 34442380
2014 Robo3.1A suppresses slit-mediated repulsion by triggering degradation of Robo2. Journal of neuroscience research 8 24936616
2022 Robo2 and Gen1 Coregulate Ureteric Budding by Activating the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Mice. Frontiers in medicine 7 35071283
2019 Intrauterine low-protein diet aggravates developmental abnormalities of the urinary system via the Akt/Creb3 pathway in Robo2 mutant mice. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 7 31630547
2021 Robo2 Receptor Gates the Anatomical Divergence of Neurons Derived From a Common Precursor Origin. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 6 34249921
2021 A Phase 1 first-in-human study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the ROBO2 fusion protein PF-06730512 in healthy participants. Pharmacology research & perspectives 6 34369667
2016 New congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and outcomes in Robo2 mutant mice with the inserted piggyBac transposon. BMC nephrology 6 27460642
2012 Overexpression of Robo2 causes defects in the recruitment of metanephric mesenchymal cells and ureteric bud branching morphogenesis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 22521888
2022 Characterization of enhancer fragments in Drosophila robo2. Fly 5 36217698
2018 Aristolochic acid inhibits Slit2-induced migration and tube formation via inactivation of Robo1/Robo2-NCK1/NCK2 signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Toxicology letters 5 30381256
2019 Disruption of Robo2-Baiap2 integrated signaling drives cystic disease. JCI insight 4 31534052
2016 Correlations between gastric cancer family history and ROBO2 and RASSF2A gene methylations. Journal of cancer research and therapeutics 4 27461616
2023 Robo2 promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization through autophagy and is activated by parathyroid hormone induction. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 3 36801365
2023 Inhibition of MAPK/ERK pathway activation rescues congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in Robo2PB/+ Gen1PB/+ mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 3 36870240
2022 Conformational Change of the Hairpin-like-structured Robo2 Ectodomain Allows NELL1/2 Binding. Journal of molecular biology 3 35940226
2020 Investigation of DNA variants specific to ROBO2 Isoform 'a' in Irish vesicoureteric reflux patients reveals marked CpG island variation. Scientific reports 3 32041992
2016 ROBO2 gene variants in children with primary nonsyndromic vesicoureteral reflux with or without renal hypoplasia/dysplasia. Pediatric research 3 27002985
2024 Overexpression of miR-25 Downregulates the Expression of ROBO2 in Idiopathic Intellectual Disability. International journal of molecular sciences 2 38612763
2023 Islet architecture in adult mice is actively maintained by Robo2 expression in β cells. Developmental biology 2 37972678
2020 ROBO2-mediated RALDH2 signaling is required for common nephric duct fusion with primitive bladder. Developmental biology 2 32562756
2014 Changes in expression of Slit1 and its receptor Robo2 in trigeminal ganglion and inferior alveolar nerve following inferior alveolar nerve axotomy in adult rats: a pilot study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2 25457824
2023 SALL4 advances the proliferation and tumor cell stemness of colon cancer cells through the transcription and regulation of ROBO2. Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids 1 37660281
2023 INF2 and ROBO2 gene mutation in an Indian family with end stage renal failure and follow-up of renal transplantation. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 1 37772439
2026 First-in-Class Small Molecule ROBO2 Binders Identified through Integrated Virtual Screening and Biophysical Validation. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41542466
2026 ROBO2 Variants Associated With Atrial Septal Defect Define a Novel Regulatory Element. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 0 41693552
2026 Robo2-Nrxn3 Deficiency: A Molecular Hub Linking Excitation-Inhibition Imbalance to the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin 0 41863359
2026 CD47 stabilizes ROBO2 to regulate glioblastoma progression by preventing ITCH-mediated ubiquitination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 0 41871254
2025 Expression Significance of Serum Circular RNA CDYL and Circular RNA ROBO2 in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Value of Their Combined Prediction for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events. International journal of general medicine 0 41199761
2023 Tet-dependent 5-hydroxymethyl-Cytosine modification of mRNA regulates the axon guidance genes robo2 and slit in Drosophila. Research square 0 36824980