Affinage

RBFOX3

RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 3 · UniProt A6NFN3

Length
312 aa
Mass
33.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RBFOX3 (NeuN) is a neuron-specific RNA-binding protein that orchestrates post-transcriptional gene regulation in the nervous system through alternative pre-mRNA splicing, miRNA biogenesis, circular RNA production, and post-translational protein stabilization. It binds the UGCAUG intronic element via its RNA recognition motif to regulate splicing of neuronal transcripts including Numb, NMHC II-B, tau exon 10, Rbfox2, and Snord116, with PSF functioning as a required co-activator for at least a subset of these events (PMID:19713214, PMID:21177649, PMID:23420872, PMID:30475774). RBFOX3 also binds primary miRNAs to regulate microprocessor recruitment and promotes circRNA biogenesis from specific pre-mRNAs (PMID:25240799, PMID:38191906). Its own transcript undergoes alternative splicing that controls a bipartite nuclear localization signal, generating isoforms with nuclear or cytoplasmic distribution; Rbfox3 knockout mice exhibit seizures, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, with GABAergic neuron-specific deletion causing spontaneous seizures through loss of VAMP1 expression, rescuable by postnatal VAMP1 restoration (PMID:21747913, PMID:35951651, PMID:26619789).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2005 Medium

    Before the molecular identity of NeuN was known, biochemical analysis established it as a multiply phosphorylated nuclear protein with isoform-specific subcellular distribution, setting the stage for understanding its post-translational regulation.

    Evidence Isoelectric focusing and enzymatic dephosphorylation of NeuN from brain tissue

    PMID:15605376

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinases responsible for phosphorylation not identified
    • Functional consequence of phosphorylation on RNA binding unknown
    • Only antibody-based identification prior to molecular cloning
  2. 2009 High

    The longstanding neuronal marker NeuN was identified as the product of the RBFOX3 gene and shown to be an RNA-binding protein that binds the UGCAUG element and regulates neuron-specific alternative splicing, establishing its molecular identity and core biochemical activity.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry of immunopurified NeuN, recombinant protein confirmation, shRNA knockdown, and NMHC II-B splicing reporter assay

    PMID:19713214

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide splicing targets unknown
    • Relationship to other Rbfox family members unclear
  3. 2010 High

    Discovery that PSF is a co-activator required for RBFOX3-mediated splicing revealed that RBFOX3 does not act alone but depends on cofactor-mediated recruitment to its target pre-mRNAs.

    Evidence Affinity chromatography identification of PSF, co-IP, and PSF-dependent splicing reporter assays for NMHC II-B exon N30

    PMID:21177649

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PSF is required for all RBFOX3 splicing targets or only a subset
    • Structural basis of RBFOX3–PSF interaction unknown
  4. 2010 Medium

    Localization of RBFOX3 to the neuronal nuclear matrix and nuclear speckles placed its splicing activity within a specific subnuclear compartment associated with RNA processing.

    Evidence Nuclear matrix fractionation and confocal immunofluorescence in neurons

    PMID:20452351

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether nuclear matrix association is required for splicing function
    • Dynamic trafficking between speckles and nucleoplasm not characterized
  5. 2011 High

    Autoregulatory isoform diversity was uncovered: RBFOX3 alternative splicing of its own transcript generates isoforms with or without a bipartite NLS, controlling nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization and enabling nuclear RBFOX3 to produce a dominant-negative Rbfox2 isoform, revealing cross-regulation among Rbfox family members.

    Evidence Isoform mapping by IP/MS, NLS mutagenesis, splicing and NMD assays for Rbfox2

    PMID:21747913

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals that regulate the balance of RBFOX3 isoforms in vivo unknown
    • Cytoplasmic functions of RBFOX3 not fully defined
  6. 2013 High

    In vivo requirement for RBFOX3 in neuronal differentiation was established through its direct regulation of Numb alternative splicing in developing spinal cord, with isoform-specific rescue proving causality.

    Evidence siRNA loss-of-function in chicken spinal cord with Numb isoform-specific rescue

    PMID:23420872

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Numb is the sole essential target for differentiation
    • Mammalian in vivo validation of this specific mechanism not performed
  7. 2014 High

    RBFOX3 function was expanded beyond splicing: PAR-CLIP revealed binding to primary miRNAs lacking the canonical UGCAUG motif, and reconstitution showed RBFOX3 directly regulates microprocessor recruitment for miRNA biogenesis.

    Evidence Transcriptome-wide PAR-CLIP, inducible expression/depletion, in vitro pri-miRNA processing assay

    PMID:25240799

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence determinants for miRNA binding distinct from UGCAUG not defined
    • Relative physiological importance of miRNA regulation versus splicing regulation unclear
  8. 2014 Medium

    The Rbfox3-d31 isoform lacking a cassette exon within the RRM was shown to be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and its stabilization relocalized Rbfox2 and repressed Rbfox family splicing activity, revealing proteolytic quality control as a mechanism shaping Rbfox network output.

    Evidence Proteasome inhibitor (MG132) treatment, isoform-specific expression, subcellular fractionation, splicing assays

    PMID:25044120

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase responsible for Rbfox3-d31 ubiquitination not identified
    • In vivo relevance of this degradation pathway not established
  9. 2015 High

    Rbfox3 knockout mice revealed that RBFOX3 is essential for hippocampal circuit balance: loss causes seizure susceptibility, increased excitatory drive onto dentate granule cells, increased dendritic spine density, and upregulation of plasticity genes Egr4 and Arc.

    Evidence Rbfox3 knockout mouse with electrophysiology, behavioral assays, and morphological analysis

    PMID:26619789

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific splicing or miRNA targets mediating each phenotype not resolved
    • Developmental versus acute contribution of RBFOX3 not distinguished
  10. 2016 High

    Knockout studies further demonstrated RBFOX3 is required for hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic density, and cognitive function, with splicing targets enriched for synapse-related genes.

    Evidence Rbfox3 knockout mouse with neurogenesis assays, electron microscopy of synapses, behavioral tests

    PMID:27701470

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal link between individual mis-spliced transcripts and neurogenesis defect not established
  11. 2017 Medium

    A non-canonical post-translational function was discovered: RBFOX3 stabilizes Claudin-1 protein by attenuating its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, extending RBFOX3 activity beyond RNA regulation.

    Evidence Cycloheximide chase and ubiquitination assays in human lung tissue cells

    PMID:28126724

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which an RNA-binding protein inhibits Claudin-1 ubiquitination is unclear
    • Whether this occurs in neurons not tested
  12. 2018 Medium

    RBFOX3 was shown to directly regulate tau exon 10 inclusion via UGCAUG in intron 10 and to participate in neuron-specific splicing of the Snord116 locus, broadening the catalog of neurologically relevant targets.

    Evidence RNA immunoprecipitation, RRM deletion mutagenesis for tau; Rbfox3 knockdown in primary neurons with RT-PCR for Snord116

    PMID:30124848 PMID:30475774

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether tau exon 10 mis-splicing in Rbfox3 KO contributes to tauopathy not tested in vivo
    • Quantitative contribution of RBFOX3 versus other splicing factors at Snord116 locus unclear
  13. 2022 High

    Cell-type-specific deletion revealed that RBFOX3 in GABAergic neurons is critical for seizure suppression, operating through maintenance of VAMP1 expression; postnatal VAMP1 rescue prevented mortality, establishing a defined molecular substrate for the seizure phenotype.

    Evidence GABAergic neuron-specific conditional knockout, electrophysiology, viral VAMP1 restoration, bumetanide pharmacology

    PMID:35951651

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RBFOX3 regulates VAMP1 through splicing, mRNA stability, or another mechanism not fully resolved
    • Contribution of non-GABAergic neuronal RBFOX3 to seizure threshold not isolated
  14. 2024 Medium

    RBFOX3 was found to promote circRNA biogenesis by binding IGF1R pre-mRNA, adding circular RNA production to its repertoire of post-transcriptional regulatory activities.

    Evidence RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, and functional invasion assays in NSCLC cells

    PMID:38191906

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether circRNA biogenesis is a general function of RBFOX3 or transcript-specific
    • Physiological relevance of RBFOX3-mediated circRNA in neurons not examined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include: the structural basis for RBFOX3's recognition of non-UGCAUG RNA targets such as pri-miRNAs; the kinases and phosphatases controlling RBFOX3 phosphorylation and its functional consequences; the mechanism by which RBFOX3 regulates VAMP1 expression in GABAergic neurons; and the relative physiological importance of its splicing, miRNA, circRNA, and protein-stabilization activities.
  • No structural model of RBFOX3 in complex with RNA
  • Phosphorylation-function relationship unresolved
  • Mechanism of VAMP1 regulation (transcriptional, splicing, or stability) not defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 6 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 5 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
AP2B1CLDN1PSFRBFOX2VAMP1

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 NeuN was identified as the protein product of the Fox-3 (RBFOX3) gene by mass spectrometry of anti-NeuN immunoreactive protein, confirmation with recombinant Fox-3, shRNA knockdown, and overlapping immunostaining. Fox-3/RBFOX3 contains an RNA recognition motif, binds the UGCAUG RNA element, and was demonstrated to function as a splicing regulator using neural cell-specific alternative splicing of non-muscle myosin heavy chain II-B pre-mRNA as a model. Mass spectrometry, recombinant protein expression, shRNA knockdown, immunostaining, splicing reporter assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 19713214
2010 Fox-3/RBFOX3 interacts with polypyrimidine tract binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF), identified by affinity chromatography. Enhancement of neural cell-specific cassette exon N30 inclusion in NMHC II-B by Fox-3 depends on PSF; Fox-3 is recruited to the UGCAUG element downstream of N30 in a PSF-dependent manner, establishing PSF as a co-activator of Fox-3-mediated splicing activation. Affinity chromatography, co-immunoprecipitation, splicing reporter assay, chromatin/RNA immunoprecipitation Nucleic acids research High 21177649
2011 RBFOX3 produces four protein isoforms (~45–50 kDa) via alternative splicing of its own pre-mRNA; one splicing choice adds or removes a short C-terminal extension containing the second half of a bipartite hydrophobic proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal, thereby determining nuclear vs. cytoplasmic steady-state distribution. Nuclear RBFOX3 isoforms regulate alternative splicing of Rbfox2 pre-mRNA to produce a dominant-negative Rbfox2 form and can also enhance cryptic exon inclusion leading to nonsense-mediated decay of Rbfox2 mRNA. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, isoform mapping, NLS mutagenesis analysis, splicing assays, NMD analysis PloS one High 21747913
2013 Rbfox3 is required for neuronal differentiation of postmitotic neurons in the developing chicken spinal cord. Rbfox3 represses inclusion of an alternative exon in Numb pre-mRNA by binding to the UGCAUG element in the upstream intron; depleting the specific Numb splice isoform phenocopies Rbfox3 loss, and forced expression of that isoform rescues differentiation defects caused by Rbfox3 depletion. siRNA loss-of-function in vivo (chicken spinal cord), splicing assays, rescue experiments with specific Numb isoforms The Journal of cell biology High 23420872
2014 Transcriptome-wide PAR-CLIP identified diverse Rbfox3 targets including primary microRNAs lacking the canonical UGCAUG motif. Rbfox3 functions both as a positive and negative regulator of pri-miRNA processing to pre-miRNA; it binds directly to pri-miRNAs and regulates recruitment of the microprocessor complex. PAR-CLIP, inducible expression/depletion, in vitro pri-miRNA processing assay, direct binding assay Nature structural & molecular biology High 25240799
2014 The Rbfox3-d31 isoform (excluding a 93-nt cassette exon within the RRM) is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in a manner specific to this isoform; suppression of its degradation by MG132 alters subcellular localization of Rbfox2 and attenuates Rbfox2 splicing activity, showing Rbfox3-d31 acts as a repressor of Rbfox family splicing activity. Proteasome inhibitor treatment (MG132), isoform-specific expression analysis, subcellular fractionation, splicing assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 25044120
2010 NeuN/Fox-3 (RBFOX3) is an intrinsic component of the neuronal nuclear matrix and a marker of nuclear speckles in neurons, as determined by nuclear matrix extraction and immunofluorescence. Nuclear matrix fractionation, immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy FEBS letters Medium 20452351
2005 NeuN (RBFOX3) is a phosphoprotein; enzymatic dephosphorylation abolishes anti-NeuN immunoreactivity, and both the 46- and 48-kDa isoforms separate into multiple spots by isoelectric focusing, indicating multiple phosphorylated forms. The 48-kDa isoform is preferentially cytoplasmic whereas both isoforms are nuclear, and NeuN is excluded from densely packed chromatin regions. Isoelectric focusing, enzymatic dephosphorylation, biochemical fractionation, immunohistochemistry Journal of neuroscience research Medium 15605376
2015 Rbfox3 knockout mice display increased seizure susceptibility, decreased anxiety, defective synaptic transmission and plasticity in the perforant pathway, increased frequency of excitatory synaptic events in dentate granule cells associated with increased neurotransmitter release probability and dendritic spine density, and increased expression of plasticity genes Egr4 and Arc. Rbfox3 knockout mouse, electrophysiology, behavioral assays, morphological analysis Scientific reports High 26619789
2016 Rbfox3 homozygous knockout mice exhibit deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis, impaired cognitive abilities, altered synaptic plasticity and density in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. RBFOX3 regulates exons of genes with synapse-related function. Rbfox3 knockout mouse, neurogenesis assays, synaptic plasticity electrophysiology, electron microscopy of synapses, behavioral tests PloS one High 27701470
2022 Deletion of Rbfox3 specifically in GABAergic neurons causes spontaneous seizures and high premature mortality via increased presynaptic release, enhanced excitatory GABA action, and reduced VAMP1 (a GABAergic-specific presynaptic protein) expression in hippocampal dentate gyrus. Postnatal restoration of VAMP1 rescued premature mortality. Deletion of Rbfox3 in NPY-expressing GABAergic neurons lowered intrinsic excitability and increased seizure susceptibility. Cell-type-specific conditional knockout, electrophysiology, viral VAMP1 rescue, bumetanide pharmacology, immunohistochemistry Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 35951651
2018 Rbfox3/NeuN regulates alternative splicing of SNORD116 (Snord116) primary transcript in neurons; knockdown of Rbfox3 in Snord116+/- neurons reduced splicing of a Snord116 transgene, demonstrating neuron-specific splicing of this locus requires Rbfox3. Rbfox3 knockdown in primary neurons, RT-PCR splicing assay, RNA FISH Human molecular genetics Medium 30124848
2018 Rbfox3/NeuN regulates alternative splicing of tau exon 10 via binding to UGCAUG in tau intron 10; deletion mutants of the RNA recognition motif (RRM) or its three RNA-binding sites abolished exon 10 inclusion enhancement. Intron 10 of tau pre-mRNA co-immunoprecipitated with Rbfox3/NeuN. RNA immunoprecipitation, splicing minigene assay, RRM deletion mutagenesis Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD Medium 30475774
2018 RBFOX3 deletion in Rbfox3-/- mice results in reduced inner plexiform layer thickness in the retina without loss of ganglion or amacrine cells and normal visual function, showing RBFOX3 is dispensable for visual function despite its expression in retinal ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cells. Rbfox3 knockout mouse, retinal morphometry, electrophysiology (ERG), behavioral visual tests PloS one Medium 29401485
2018 RBFOX3 suppresses hTERT expression by binding to the hTERT promoter; melatonin abrogates RBFOX3 binding to the hTERT promoter, reducing hTERT expression in MLL-rearranged leukemia cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, promoter reporter assay, RBFOX3 knockdown/overexpression Cancer letters Medium 30550850
2020 RBFOX3 promotes gastric cancer cell division and invasion via activation of HTERT signaling; RBFOX3 binds AP-2β (co-immunoprecipitation) to modulate HTERT promoter activity. Silencing of RBFOX3-mediated suppression of growth was rescued by HTERT overexpression. Co-immunoprecipitation, promoter activity assay, knockdown/overexpression, rescue experiment, xenograft mouse model Frontiers in oncology Medium 32903312
2016 TGF-β1 treatment inhibits RBFOX3 expression at the transcriptional level in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells; RBFOX3 depletion alters expression of EMT-related proteins E-cadherin and Claudin-1 and promotes mesenchymal morphology during TGF-β1-induced EMT. TGF-β1 treatment, siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, Western blot Molecules and cells Medium 27432190
2017 RBFOX3 stabilizes Claudin-1 protein in human lung tissue by attenuating its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation; RBFOX3-positive cells show higher Claudin-1 protein (but not mRNA) levels, and cycloheximide chase confirms increased Claudin-1 stability conferred by RBFOX3. Cycloheximide chase, ubiquitination assay, immunostaining, qRT-PCR, Western blot Bioscience reports Medium 28126724
2013 Anti-NeuN antibody specificity on aldehyde-fixed tissues is phosphorylation-dependent; the NeuN/A60 epitope in Rbfox3 is a proline- and glutamine-rich domain at the N-terminus. Cross-reactivity with Synapsin I and R3hdm2 on Western blots is due to a shared proline/glutamine-rich domain. Epitope mapping, phosphorylation analysis, immunoblotting with domain deletion constructs Histochemistry and cell biology Medium 24150744
2013 Altered subcellular localization of Rbfox3/NeuN to the cytoplasm is observed in neurons from HIV-infected individuals with cognitive impairment compared to controls, suggesting cytoplasmic mislocalization may downregulate nuclear splicing activity. Immunohistochemistry of human post-mortem brain sections, quantitative subcellular localization analysis Neuroscience letters Low 24215932
2024 RBFOX3 enhances biogenesis of circIGF1R by binding to IGF1R pre-mRNA (shown by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down); paclitaxel induces RBFOX3-mediated circIGF1R biogenesis, suppressing NSCLC invasion and migration via the circIGF1R/miR-1270/VANGL2 axis. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, FISH, functional invasion/migration assays Scientific reports Medium 38191906

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 NeuN, a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates. Development (Cambridge, England) 2068 1483388
1996 NeuN: a useful neuronal marker for diagnostic histopathology. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 443 8813082
2009 Identification of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) as Fox-3, a new member of the Fox-1 gene family of splicing factors. The Journal of biological chemistry 316 19713214
2015 NeuN As a Neuronal Nuclear Antigen and Neuron Differentiation Marker. Acta naturae 313 26085943
2015 Novel Insights into NeuN: from Neuronal Marker to Splicing Regulator. Molecular neurobiology 240 25680637
2003 Developmental and cell type-specific expression of the neuronal marker NeuN in the murine cerebellum. Journal of neuroscience research 228 12868073
2004 Loss of NeuN immunoreactivity after cerebral ischemia does not indicate neuronal cell loss: a cautionary note. Brain research 225 15223381
2002 Bone marrow as a source of endothelial cells and NeuN-expressing cells After stroke. Stroke 225 11988616
2005 Characterization of the neuronal marker NeuN as a multiply phosphorylated antigen with discrete subcellular localization. Journal of neuroscience research 185 15605376
2005 Fatty acid synthase inhibitors are chemopreventive for mammary cancer in neu-N transgenic mice. Oncogene 138 15489885
2013 Rbfox3-regulated alternative splicing of Numb promotes neuronal differentiation during development. The Journal of cell biology 101 23420872
2004 Axotomy abolishes NeuN expression in facial but not rubrospinal neurons. Experimental neurology 93 14697329
2013 RBFOX1 and RBFOX3 mutations in rolandic epilepsy. PloS one 91 24039908
2011 NeuN/Rbfox3 nuclear and cytoplasmic isoforms differentially regulate alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay of Rbfox2. PloS one 86 21747913
2010 Fox-3 and PSF interact to activate neural cell-specific alternative splicing. Nucleic acids research 76 21177649
2015 RBFOX3/NeuN is Required for Hippocampal Circuit Balance and Function. Scientific reports 67 26619789
2006 Early reduction of NeuN antigenicity induced by soman poisoning in mice can be used to predict delayed neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Neuroscience letters 65 16472911
2013 Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN): a useful marker of neuronal immaturity in sudden unexplained perinatal death. Journal of the neurological sciences 62 23570982
2004 Human cortical dysplasia and epilepsy: an ontogenetic hypothesis based on volumetric MRI and NeuN neuronal density and size measurements. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 58 15297365
2010 NeuN/Fox-3 is an intrinsic component of the neuronal nuclear matrix. FEBS letters 57 20452351
2016 Neuronal Splicing Regulator RBFOX3 (NeuN) Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis. PloS one 55 27701470
1998 Characterization of FOX-3, an AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an Italian isolate of Klebsiella oxytoca. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 54 9527810
2015 FDG-PET and NeuN-GFAP immunohistochemistry of hippocampus at different phases of the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. International journal of medical sciences 52 25798055
2015 Upregulation effects of Tanshinone IIA on the expressions of NeuN, Nissl body, and IκB and downregulation effects on the expressions of GFAP and NF-κB in the brain tissues of rat models of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 52 26164608
2009 NeuN is not a reliable marker of dopamine neurons in rat substantia nigra. Neuroscience letters 52 19682546
2003 Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN): a new tool in the diagnosis of central neurocytoma. Pathology, research and practice 52 14521262
2015 Long term consequences on spatial learning-memory of low-calorie diet during adolescence in female rats; hippocampal and prefrontal cortex BDNF level, expression of NeuN and cell proliferation in dentate gyrus. Brain research 46 26072462
2014 Rbfox3 controls the biogenesis of a subset of microRNAs. Nature structural & molecular biology 43 25240799
2005 Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, expression of the neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antibody is an exclusive feature of Dogiel type II neurons in the guinea-pig gastrointestinal tract. Histochemistry and cell biology 42 16049694
2006 Comparative analysis of NeuN immunoreactivity in primary brain tumours: conclusions for rational use in diagnostic histopathology. Histopathology 40 16487366
2013 The molecular basis of the specificity and cross-reactivity of the NeuN epitope of the neuron-specific splicing regulator, Rbfox3. Histochemistry and cell biology 38 24150744
2007 Neuron-specific nuclear antigen NeuN is not detectable in gerbil subtantia nigra pars reticulata. Brain research 38 17291468
2019 Neuronal Membrane Disruption Occurs Late Following Diffuse Brain Trauma in Rats and Involves a Subpopulation of NeuN Negative Cortical Neurons. Frontiers in neurology 34 31824411
2006 Loss of NeuN immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord neurons during aging. Experimental neurology 33 16935281
2003 Losses of NG2 and NeuN immunoreactivity but not astrocytic markers during early reperfusion following severe focal cerebral ischemia. Brain research 31 14556944
2018 Melatonin inhibits MLL-rearranged leukemia via RBFOX3/hTERT and NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathways. Cancer letters 28 30550850
2008 Immunohistochemical expression of markers Ki-67, neun, synaptophysin, p53 and HER2 in medulloblastoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 28 18641877
2016 Genetic variants in RBFOX3 are associated with sleep latency. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 27 27142678
2013 Altered subcellular localization of the NeuN/Rbfox3 RNA splicing factor in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Neuroscience letters 27 24215932
2017 Rapamycin promotes differentiation increasing βIII-tubulin, NeuN, and NeuroD while suppressing nestin expression in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 26 28418837
2010 Effects of dantrolene on apoptosis and immunohistochemical expression of NeuN in the spinal cord after traumatic injury in rats. International journal of experimental pathology 23 21039984
2018 Prader-Willi locus Snord116 RNA processing requires an active endogenous allele and neuron-specific splicing by Rbfox3/NeuN. Human molecular genetics 21 30124848
2018 RBFOX3/NeuN is dispensable for visual function. PloS one 20 29401485
2007 A hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis and epileptogenesis of pediatric cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly based on MRI cerebral volumes and NeuN cortical cell densities. Epilepsia 19 17910584
2005 NeuN expression correlates with reduced mitotic index of neoplastic cells in central neurocytomas. Neuropathology and applied neurobiology 19 16008827
2021 Axonal injury following mild traumatic brain injury is exacerbated by repetitive insult and is linked to the delayed attenuation of NeuN expression without concomitant neuronal death in the mouse. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) 18 34729854
2018 RBFOX3 Regulates the Chemosensitivity of Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil via the PI3K/AKT, EMT and Cytochrome-C/Caspase Pathways. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 18 29689552
2016 Tanshinone IIA increases levels of NeuN, protein disulfide isomerase, and Na+/K+-ATPase and decreases evidence of microglial activation after cerebral ischemic injury. Neuroreport 17 26966780
2008 Sex differences in NeuN- and androgen receptor-positive cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are due to Bax-dependent cell death. Neuroscience 17 19059313
2010 Time of day differences in the number of cytokine-, neurotrophin- and NeuN-immunoreactive cells in the rat somatosensory or visual cortex. Brain research 16 20398636
2006 Mapping of rat hippocampal neurons with NeuN after ischemia/reperfusion and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) pretreatment. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 16 16758319
2022 Neuronal splicing regulator RBFOX3 mediates seizures via regulating Vamp1 expression preferentially in NPY-expressing GABAergic neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 15 35951651
2016 Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced RBFOX3 Inhibition Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules and cells 15 27432190
2015 Chronic HIV-1 Tat and HIV reduce Rbfox3/NeuN: evidence for sex-related effects. Current HIV research 15 25760045
1999 Expression of the GM1-species, [NeuN]-GM1, in a case of human glioma. Neurochemical research 15 9972875
2020 Artemisinin protects motoneurons against axotomy-induced apoptosis through activation of the PKA-Akt signaling pathway and promotes neural stem/progenitor cells differentiation into NeuN+ neurons. Pharmacological research 14 32598944
2011 Neurons identified by NeuN/Fox-3 immunoreactivity have a novel distribution in the hamster and mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain research 14 21981805
2005 Exposure of nuclear antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded necropsy human spinal cord tissue: detection of NeuN. Journal of neuroscience methods 14 16176837
2018 NeuN-Specific Fluorescent Probe Revealing Neuronal Nuclei Protein and Nuclear Acids Association in Living Neurons under STED Nanoscopy. ACS applied materials & interfaces 13 30130086
2016 NeuN+ neuronal nuclei in non-human primate prefrontal cortex and subcortical white matter after clozapine exposure. Schizophrenia research 13 26776227
2021 Sleep-wake cycle disturbances and NeuN-altered expression in adult rats after cannabidiol treatments during adolescence. Psychopharmacology 12 33635384
2021 Subcellular localization of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antigen in size and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) populations of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons during acute peripheral inflammation. Neuroscience letters 12 34146639
2006 Immunocytochemical detection of brain neurons using the selective marker NeuN. Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 12 16964464
2023 Hypothermic Protection in Neocortex Is Topographic and Laminar, Seizure Unmitigating, and Partially Rescues Neurons Depleted of RNA Splicing Protein Rbfox3/NeuN in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Male Piglets. Cells 10 37887298
2021 Immunostaining for NeuN Does Not Show all Mature and Healthy Neurons in the Human and Pig Brain: Focus on the Hippocampus. Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 10 33710124
2014 Isoform-specific proteasomal degradation of Rbfox3 during chicken embryonic development. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 10 25044120
2018 Identification of NeuN immunopositive cells in the adult mouse subventricular zone. The Journal of comparative neurology 9 29752725
2017 Sustained cell body reactivity and loss of NeuN in a subset of axotomized bulbospinal neurons after a chronic high cervical spinal cord injury. The European journal of neuroscience 9 28977718
2016 Differential cortical laminar structure revealed by NeuN immunostaining and myeloarchitecture between sulcal and gyral regions independent of sexual dimorphisms in the ferret cerebrum. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 9 27144367
2013 Supra- and infratentorial pediatric ependymomas differ significantly in NeuN, p75 and GFAP expression. Journal of neuro-oncology 9 23371454
2009 Dominant expression of angiogenin in NeuN positive cells in the focal ischemic rat brain. Journal of the neurological sciences 9 19666176
2006 The superior colliculus of the camel: a neuronal-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and neuropeptide study. Journal of anatomy 9 16441568
2022 212Pb-conjugated anti-rat HER2/neu antibody against a neu-N derived murine mammary carcinoma cell line: cell kill and RBE in vitro. International journal of radiation biology 8 35073214
2021 Identification of Sox2 and NeuN Double-Positive Cells in the Mouse Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus and Their Reduction in Number With Aging. Frontiers in aging neuroscience 8 33776740
2020 A pilot study on searching for peri-nuclear NeuN-positive cells. PeerJ 8 31938576
2018 Rbfox3/NeuN Regulates Alternative Splicing of Tau Exon 10. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 8 30475774
2015 Expression pattern of NeuN and GFAP during human fetal spinal cord development. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 8 25904356
2018 The artificial sweetener Splenda intake promotes changes in expression of c-Fos and NeuN in hypothalamus and hippocampus of rats. Brain research 7 30201258
2016 Ethanol Stimulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Inositol Triphosphate and Sigma Receptors to Promote Withdrawal-Associated Loss of Neuron-Specific Nuclear Protein/Fox-3. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 7 27177604
2005 Expression of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in epithelial neuroendocrine carcinoma. Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 7 16082253
2024 Paclitaxel-induced inhibition of NSCLC invasion and migration via RBFOX3-mediated circIGF1R biogenesis. Scientific reports 6 38191906
2016 Identification and characterization of the RNA-binding protein Rbfox3 in zebrafish embryo. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 26952657
2015 [PROSPECTS OF THE NUCLEAR PROTEIN NeuN APPLICATION AS AN INDEX OF FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE VERTEBRATE NERVE CELLS]. Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii 6 26856070
2024 Thymoquinone inhibits Neuroinflammatory mediators and vasoconstriction injury via NF-κB dependent NeuN/GFAP/Ki-67 in hypertensive Dams and F1 male pups on exposure to a mixture of Bisphenol-A analogues. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 5 39577800
2021 NeuN, a DNA-binding neuron-specific protein expressed by Merkel cell carcinoma: analysis of 15 cases. Pathologica 5 34974547
2025 Rbfox3 Promotes Transformation of MDSC-Like Tumor Cells to Shape Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 4 39777898
2025 NeuN expression in health and disease: A histological perspective on neuronal heterogeneity. Histology and histopathology 4 40697072
2024 Neuronal splicing regulator RBFOX3 (NeuN) distribution and organization are modified in response to monosodium glutamate in rat brain at postnatal day 14. Acta histochemica 4 39427608
2023 NeuN distribution in brain structures of normal and Zika-infected suckling mice. Journal of molecular histology 4 37199896
2020 RBFOX3 Promotes Gastric Cancer Growth and Progression by Activating HTERT Signaling. Frontiers in oncology 4 32903312
2017 RBFOX3 regulates Claudin-1 expression in human lung tissue via attenuation of proteasomal degradation. Bioscience reports 4 28126724
2017 NeuN immunoreactivity in the brain of Xenopus laevis. Tissue & cell 4 28558928
2007 [Demonstration of nuclear protein neun in the human brain corpora amylacea]. Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 4 17583015
2025 Anatolian ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) retina: Comparative expression of synaptophysin, NeuN, calbindin-D28k, parvalbumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Iba-1 during pre-hibernation and hibernation. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 2 40377082
2021 Assessing the treatment of cannabidiolic acid methyl ester: a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid on c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus of rats. Journal of cannabis research 2 34253253
2016 [EXPRESSION OF DOUBLECORTIN AND NeuN IN THE DEVELOPING CEREBELLAR NEURONS IN RAT]. Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 2 27487661
2005 [Immunocytochemical demonstration of brain neurons using NeuN as a selective marker]. Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 2 16669252
1994 The effects of the neuN and neuT genes on differentiation and transformation of mammary epithelial cells. Journal of cell science 2 7876357
2025 Characterization of the Rbfox3-IRES-iCre knock-in mouse: Revealing gene recombination activity in neural and non-neural peripheral tissues. FASEB bioAdvances 1 40212807
2007 [The expression of neuN in the development of olfactory bulb and epithelium of mice]. Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery 1 17608158