Affinage

PRDX6

Peroxiredoxin-6 · UniProt P30041

Round 2 corrected
Length
224 aa
Mass
25.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 29 papers cited in narrative 29 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PRDX6 is a bifunctional 1-Cys peroxiredoxin that integrates phospholipid hydroperoxide reduction, phospholipid remodeling, NADPH oxidase activation, and selenium metabolism into a single polypeptide. Its peroxidase activity is mediated by Cys47 in the PVCTTE motif, which forms a sulfenic acid intermediate that is regenerated through piGST-catalyzed glutathionylation, while an independent Ca²⁺-independent acidic phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activity uses Ser32 in the GDSWG motif as catalytic nucleophile; both active sites are required for full cytoprotection against oxidative injury and for supporting Nox1/Nox2-dependent superoxide generation via direct binding to Noxa1 and RAC (PMID:10893423, PMID:15004285, PMID:27094494, PMID:22678913, PMID:38287382). PRDX6 also functions as a selenium-acceptor protein that interacts with SEPHS2 to deliver selenium to the selenocysteyl-tRNA synthesis machinery, thereby sustaining GPX4 expression and conferring ferroptosis resistance independently of its own catalytic activities (PMID:38867112, PMID:39547224, PMID:39547222). Transcription is positively regulated by Nrf2 through an ARE at −357/−349 and by Sp1 through proximal promoter sites, while excessive oxidative stress triggers Nrf2-dependent induction of Klf9, which binds repressive RKBE elements in the PRDX6 promoter to create a hormetic off-switch that amplifies ROS and promotes cell death (PMID:29074861, PMID:22113199, PMID:31569690, PMID:35455944). Both enzymatic activities and protein stability are further modulated by SUMO1 conjugation at K122/K142 (inhibitory) and ERK/p38-mediated phosphorylation at Thr177 (activating iPLA2) (PMID:28055018, PMID:38287382).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Identification of PRDX6 as a 1-Cys peroxiredoxin with Cys47 as the catalytic residue resolved the question of how a single-cysteine peroxiredoxin reduces H₂O₂, revealing a sulfenic acid intermediate but leaving the electron donor unknown.

    Evidence Recombinant mutagenesis (C47S) and intracellular H₂O₂ assays in NIH 3T3 cells, plus 2.0 Å crystal structure showing Cys47-SOH

    PMID:9497358 PMID:9587003

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological electron donor for Cys47-SOH regeneration not identified
    • Substrate specificity beyond H₂O₂ not tested
    • Oligomeric state in solution not characterized
  2. 2000 High

    Discovery that PRDX6 harbors a second catalytic site (Ser32/GDSWG for aiPLA2 activity) independent of the Cys47 peroxidase site established it as a unique bifunctional enzyme, raising the question of how these two activities are coordinately regulated.

    Evidence Orthogonal site-directed mutagenesis (S32A, C47S) with selective inhibitors (MJ33 vs. mercaptosuccinate) in recombinant protein assays

    PMID:10893423

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrates for PLA2 activity in cells not defined
    • Structural basis for two independent active sites in one polypeptide not resolved
  3. 2002 High

    Demonstration that PRDX6 loss in lung epithelial cells causes phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide accumulation and apoptosis established that PRDX6 is a physiologically relevant phospholipid hydroperoxide reductase, not merely an H₂O₂ scavenger.

    Evidence Antisense morpholino knockdown in L2 cells with HPLC lipid peroxidation readout and adenoviral rescue

    PMID:12372839

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of peroxidase vs. PLA2 activity to cytoprotection not dissected
    • In vivo lung phenotype not yet examined
  4. 2004 High

    The long-standing puzzle of how oxidized Cys47-SOH is regenerated was solved by showing that piGST heterodimerizes with PRDX6 to catalyze glutathionylation of the sulfenic acid, completing the catalytic cycle with GSH as the ultimate electron donor.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution of piGST–PRDX6 heterodimerization and glutathionylation, confirmed by liposome-mediated delivery into NCI-H441 and MCF7 cells

    PMID:15004285

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural details of the piGST–PRDX6 heterodimer interface not determined
    • Whether other GST isoforms can substitute is unclear
  5. 2004 High

    In vivo gain-of-function (adenoviral overexpression) and subsequent loss-of-function (Prdx6-null mice) experiments confirmed that PRDX6 is a major protective factor against oxidative lung injury, linking its biochemistry to organ-level physiology.

    Evidence Adenoviral PRDX6 overexpression in mouse lungs under hyperoxia; Prdx6-null mice showing sensitivity to hyperoxia and paraquat

    PMID:15136296 PMID:15890616

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative in vivo contributions of peroxidase vs. PLA2 activity not separated
    • Surfactant metabolism phenotype not fully characterized
  6. 2011 High

    Mapping of the transcriptional regulatory architecture showed that Sp1 directly activates PRDX6 through three proximal promoter sites, providing the first mechanistic understanding of basal PRDX6 expression control.

    Evidence EMSA, ChIP, promoter-CAT mutagenesis in LECs and Sp1-deficient SL2 cells

    PMID:22113199

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay between Sp1 and other transcription factors (Nrf2) at the promoter not addressed
    • Tissue-specific regulation not explored
  7. 2012 High

    Discovery that PRDX6 binds Noxa1 and supports Nox1/Nox2-dependent superoxide production revealed a surprising pro-oxidant role for an antioxidant enzyme, showing that its iPLA2 activity directly participates in NADPH oxidase activation.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, C47S/S32A mutagenesis, MJ33 inhibition, and rescue of Nox1-mediated migration and Nox2 activity in neutrophil-like cells

    PMID:22678913 PMID:27094494

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PRDX6 provides arachidonic acid for Nox assembly or acts as a scaffolding factor not fully resolved
    • Structural basis of PRDX6–Noxa1 interaction unknown
  8. 2017 High

    Identification of SUMO1 conjugation at K122/K142 as an inhibitory modification and Thr177 phosphorylation as an activating modification established the post-translational regulatory code governing both PRDX6 activities, and the Nrf2/ARE element at −357 was mapped as the oxidative stress–responsive transcriptional driver.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of SUMO sites in Prdx6−/− LECs; EMSA/ChIP with ARE mutagenesis for Nrf2; promoter-reporter with RKBE mutagenesis

    PMID:28055018 PMID:29074861

    Open questions at the time
    • SUMO E3 ligase responsible for PRDX6 SUMOylation not identified
    • Kinase specificity for Thr177 phosphorylation not fully dissected in vivo
  9. 2019 High

    The Nrf2–Klf9–PRDX6 hormetic switch was delineated: at high oxidative stress, Nrf2-induced Klf9 represses PRDX6 transcription through RKBE elements, converting a protective response into a death-promoting one, explaining dose-dependent outcomes of antioxidant signaling.

    Evidence Klf9 ChIP on PRDX6 promoter, RKBE mutagenesis, Klf9 knockdown rescue, dose-response H₂O₂ in Prdx6−/− LECs

    PMID:31569690 PMID:35455944

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Klf9 repression of PRDX6 operates in non-ocular tissues not tested
    • Thresholds for the hormetic switch in vivo not defined
  10. 2019 Medium

    PRDX6 knockdown was shown to enhance ferroptotic cell death with lipid hydroperoxide accumulation, and the iPLA2 inhibitor MJ33 synergized with erastin, implicating PRDX6's PLA2 activity specifically in ferroptosis suppression.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with erastin/RSL-3 treatment, LOOH measurement, MJ33 inhibitor in cancer cells

    PMID:31036877

    Open questions at the time
    • Peroxidase contribution to ferroptosis resistance not cleanly separated by mutagenesis in this study
    • In vivo ferroptosis relevance not established at this point
  11. 2021 Medium

    PRDX6-iPLA2 activity was linked to NOX2 activation and Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in astrocytes after ischemic stroke, extending the Nox-activating role to neuroinflammation and identifying ERK/p38-mediated Thr177 phosphorylation as the upstream activating signal.

    Evidence D140A and T177A mutagenesis, MJ33/NOX2/ERK/p38 inhibitors, astrocyte–microglia co-culture and in vivo rat stroke model

    PMID:38287382

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct measurement of PRDX6 Thr177 phosphorylation stoichiometry in vivo not reported
    • Whether astrocyte PRDX6-iPLA2 generates specific lipid mediators not characterized
  12. 2024 High

    A fundamentally new function was uncovered: PRDX6 acts as a selenium-acceptor protein that interacts with SEPHS2 to channel selenium into selenocysteyl-tRNA synthesis, sustaining GPX4 expression and ferroptosis resistance independently of its own enzymatic activities.

    Evidence CRISPR knockout, selenium metabolic tracing, biochemical selenium transfer assays, Prdx6−/− mouse brains showing reduced GPX4, xenograft models; independently confirmed in two concurrent studies

    PMID:38867112 PMID:39547222 PMID:39547224

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of PRDX6–SEPHS2 interaction not resolved
    • Whether selenium-transfer function requires a specific PRDX6 oxidation state is unknown
    • Relative contribution of selenium-transfer vs. direct PLOOH reduction to ferroptosis resistance not quantified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of how two independent active sites and the selenium-transfer function coexist in one polypeptide, the tissue-specific hierarchy of PRDX6's multiple functions, and the full spectrum of lipid mediators generated by its iPLA2 activity in different physiological contexts.
  • No high-resolution structure of PRDX6–piGST or PRDX6–SEPHS2 complexes
  • In vivo tissue-specific contributions of peroxidase vs. iPLA2 vs. selenium-transfer not genetically dissected
  • Identity of lipid products generated by iPLA2 activity in different cell types not systematically profiled

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016209 antioxidant activity 6 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 6 GO:0008289 lipid binding 4 GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 4 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1
Pathway
R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 9 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3
Partners
GSTP1JAK2NOXA1NPM1RAC1SEPHS2

Evidence

Reading pass · 29 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 Human 1-Cys Prx (PRDX6) was shown to reduce H2O2 using Cys47 as the site of oxidation; mutation of Cys47 to serine abolished peroxidase activity. The oxidized intermediate is Cys-SOH. The enzyme is a cytosolic protein and neither thioredoxin nor glutathione could reduce the oxidized Cys47-SOH to support catalytic cycling. Recombinant protein expression in E. coli, site-directed mutagenesis (C47S), intracellular H2O2 measurement in NIH 3T3 cells, subcellular fractionation The Journal of biological chemistry High 9497358
1998 Crystal structure of human PRDX6 (hORF6) at 2.0 Å resolution revealed a thioredoxin fold in the N-terminal domain, a C-terminal dimerization domain, and an active-site Cys47 (present as cysteine-sulfenic acid in the crystal) located at the bottom of a narrow positively charged pocket that accounts for peroxidase activity without redox cofactors. X-ray crystallography at 2.0 Å resolution Nature structural biology High 9587003
2000 PRDX6 (1-Cys peroxiredoxin) is a bifunctional enzyme with two distinct active sites: Cys47 in the PVCTTE motif is the catalytic residue for peroxidase (NSGPx) activity, while Ser32 in the GDSWG motif acts as the catalytic nucleophile for the acidic Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activity. Mutation of Ser32 to Ala abolishes PLA2 activity but not peroxidase activity; mutation of Cys47 to Ser abolishes peroxidase activity but not PLA2 activity. PLA2 activity is inhibited by MJ33 and diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate; peroxidase activity is inhibited by mercaptosuccinate. Recombinant protein expression in E. coli, site-directed mutagenesis (S32A, C47S), enzymatic assays (NSGPx at pH 8, aiPLA2 at pH 4), inhibitor studies, monoclonal antibody inhibition The Journal of biological chemistry High 10893423
2002 Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated suppression of PRDX6 in L2 rat lung epithelial cells led to ~44% decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity, accumulation of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide in plasma membranes, and apoptotic cell death (80% at 48 h), demonstrating that PRDX6 functions in intact cells to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides and prevent apoptosis. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown, HPLC conjugated diene assay, DPPH fluorescence for lipid peroxidation, annexin V/PI staining, TUNEL assay, adenoviral rescue The Journal of biological chemistry High 12372839
2003 Oxidative stress (H2O2, paraquat, hyperoxia) induces 1-Cys Prx (PRDX6) gene expression in rat lungs and lung cell lines at the transcriptional level; mRNA stability is unchanged and actinomycin D blocks induction, indicating transcriptional regulation. Induction is attenuated by antioxidants Trolox and N-acetylcysteine. Northern blot, immunoblot, actinomycin D treatment, antioxidant pre-treatment, in vivo hyperoxia mouse model American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology Medium 12851211
2004 PRDX6 glutathione peroxidase activity requires heterodimerization with pi GST. Oxidized 1-cysPrx (with sulfenic acid at Cys47) heterodimerizes with GSH-saturated pi GST, which catalyzes glutathionylation of the oxidized Cys47, followed by spontaneous reduction of the mixed disulfide with GSH to restore activity. Maximum activation occurs at 1:1 molar ratio of piGST to 1-cysPrx. Partial purification co-elution, liposome-mediated delivery into NCI-H441 and MCF7 cells, in vitro reconstitution of heterodimerization and glutathionylation, enzyme activity assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 15004285
2004 Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of 1-cysPrx (PRDX6) in mouse lungs (~2-fold increase) protected against hyperoxia-induced lung injury: reduced pleural effusion, lower lung wet/dry weight, less protein and cells in BAL fluid, lower TBARS and protein carbonyls, and improved survival during 100% O2 exposure. Adenoviral gene transfer in vivo, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, lung injury markers (TBARS, protein carbonyls), survival analysis American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology High 15136296
2005 PRDX6 is a bifunctional enzyme with GSH peroxidase activity (using GSH as electron donor, rate constant ~3×10^6 M^-1 s^-1) and Ca2+-independent PLA2 activity (maximal at acidic pH). piGST-catalyzed glutathionylation of Cys47 is required to complete the enzymatic cycle. Prdx6-null mice were more sensitive to hyperoxia and paraquat. Inhibition of PLA2 activity alters lung surfactant phospholipid synthesis and turnover. In vitro enzymatic assays, Prdx6-null mice phenotyping, adenoviral overexpression, inhibitor studies (MJ33) Free radical biology & medicine High 15890616
2007 Transcriptional regulation of Prdx6 in mouse liver cells involves PKC and MEK pathways (induction by KGF, TNF-alpha is largely prevented by their inhibitors) and NF-κB normally suppresses Prdx6 expression (NF-κB inhibition markedly increases Prdx6). The first 160 bp of the proximal promoter support basal expression; 1200 bp increases expression sixfold. Reporter gene assays (promoter-CAT constructs), kinase inhibitors (PKC, MEK), NF-κB inhibitors, serum deprivation/restimulation experiments Free radical biology & medicine Medium 17382207
2011 Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) directly activates PRDX6 transcription through three active Sp1 binding sites (-19/27, -61/69, -82/89) in the Prdx6 promoter. Curcumin enhances Sp1 binding and Prdx6 promoter activity; point mutagenesis of all three Sp1 sites abolishes curcumin-mediated transactivation. Sp1-driven Prdx6 upregulation protects lens epithelial cells from ROS-mediated apoptosis. DNA-protein binding assays (EMSA), ChIP assay, co-transfection with Sp1 and Prdx6 promoter-CAT constructs in LECs and Sp1-deficient SL2 cells, site-directed mutagenesis of Sp1 sites, Sp1 inhibitors Cell death & disease High 22113199
2012 PRDX6 physically binds to Nox activator 1 (Noxa1) via the Noxa1 SH3 domain (identified by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed by co-IP). Prdx6 stabilizes Noxa1 and supports Nox1-derived superoxide production. Both the peroxidase (C47S) and lipase (S32A) mutants of Prdx6 fail to bind/stabilize Nox1 components or support Nox1-mediated superoxide generation. The PLA2 inhibitor MJ-33 suppresses Nox1 activity. Wild-type but not mutant Prdx6 supports Nox1-mediated cell migration in HCT-116 cells. Yeast two-hybrid screening, co-IP in cells, Prdx6 knockdown and overexpression, site-directed mutagenesis (C47S, S32A), MJ-33 inhibitor, wound-closure assay Free radical biology & medicine High 27094494
2012 The PLA2 activity of PRDX6 mediates enhancement of NADPH oxidase (phox) activity in response to fMLF (but not PMA) in differentiated PLB-985 neutrophil-like cells. Knockdown reduced oxidase activity; reintroduction of shRNA-resistant WT or peroxidase-dead (Prdx active site mutant) Prdx6-PLA2 restored the fMLF response, but PLA2 active site mutants failed to restore it. shRNA stable knockdown, stable transfection with shRNA-resistant constructs (WT, active site mutants), NADPH oxidase activity assays (fMLF vs PMA stimulation) European journal of immunology High 22678913
2014 PRDX6 promotes lung tumor growth via both its GPx (C47S mutation attenuates) and iPLA2 activities; overexpression activates p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 signaling in lung cancer cells, and the C47S mutant (lacking peroxidase activity) attenuated these kinase activations as well as tumor growth in xenograft mice. Xenograft nude mice, site-directed mutagenesis (C47S), enzyme activity assays (GPx, iPLA2), Western blot for MAPK/AP-1, in vivo tumor growth measurement Free radical biology & medicine High 24512906
2015 PRDX6 physically interacts with JAK2 (co-localization in tumor tissues and co-IP in lung cancer cells) and promotes JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation and STAT3 DNA binding, contributing to urethane-induced lung tumor development in PRDX6-transgenic mice. CCL5 levels are increased in PRDX6-Tg tumors and CCL5 further activates JAK2/STAT3. PRDX6-transgenic mice, urethane carcinogen model, co-IP, co-localization (IHC/IF), STAT3 DNA binding assay, CCR5-knockout mice Free radical biology & medicine Medium 25582888
2017 PRDX6 is aberrantly SUMOylated at lysines K122 and K142 by SUMO1 under oxidative stress, leading to loss of function and cell death. Sumoylation-deficient mutant Prdx6 K122/142R shows 30% increased GSH-peroxidase and 37% increased aiPLA2 activities and greater protein stability. Both peroxidase and PLA2 active sites (and phosphorylation at T177) are required for the mutant Prdx6 protective function. Site-directed mutagenesis (K122R, K142R, double mutant), enzyme activity assays, stability assays, Prdx6-/- LECs transduction with EGFP-SUMO1, TAT-fusion protein delivery, mutational analysis of functional sites Cell death & disease High 28055018
2017 Nrf2-mediated PRDX6 expression is driven through an ARE element at -357/-349 in the Prdx6 promoter. Progressive aging reduces Nrf2/ARE binding to this site, decreasing Prdx6 expression. Sulforaphane (SFN) restores Nrf2/ARE binding and Prdx6 expression; mutation of the ARE site abolishes SFN response. Knockdown of Prdx6 abrogates SFN-mediated cytoprotection, establishing Prdx6 as a prerequisite for SFN-mediated protection. Gel-shift (EMSA), ChIP assay, promoter activity assays with ARE mutation, Prdx6 siRNA knockdown, human aging lens specimens Scientific reports High 29074861
2019 At higher doses of SFN, excessive Nrf2 activates Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) through an ARE in the Klf9 promoter; Klf9 then binds repressive Klf9 binding elements (RKBE; 5'-CA/GCCC-3') in the Prdx6 promoter and suppresses Prdx6 transcription, increasing ROS and causing cell death. Klf9 depletion restores Prdx6 expression and cell survival. Klf9 promoter-ARE luciferase assay, Prdx6 promoter-reporter with RKBE mutagenesis, ChIP for Klf9 binding to Prdx6 promoter, ShKlf9 knockdown, Nrf2 gain-of-function Cells High 31569690
2019 PRDX6 knockdown significantly enhances lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) accumulation and ferroptotic cell death triggered by erastin and RSL-3. This is correlated with transcriptional upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The specific iPLA2 inhibitor MJ-33 synergistically enhances erastin-induced ferroptosis, indicating that PRDX6 suppresses ferroptosis through its iPLA2 activity. PRDX6 siRNA knockdown, ferroptosis inducers (erastin, RSL-3), LOOH measurement, HO-1 overexpression, MJ-33 inhibitor Acta pharmacologica Sinica Medium 31036877
2020 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of PRDX6 in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells causes mitochondrial dysfunction (reduced respiratory capacity, downregulated mitochondrial proteins, altered morphology), cell cycle arrest at G2/M, increased ROS and lipid peroxidation, autophagy, and redox changes at 254 Cys-peptides in 202 proteins. Oxidation of specific cysteines in PCNA was identified as a potential mechanism of mitosis entry block. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, quantitative global and redox proteomics, flow cytometry, extracellular flux analysis, electron microscopy, Western blot Redox biology High 33035814
2021 PRDX6-iPLA2 activity (Asp140 site) is required for activation of astrocytes and M1 microglia polarization following ischemic stroke. PRDX6 phosphorylation at Thr177 (by ERK and p38 MAPKs) regulates its iPLA2 activity in astrocytes. Blocking iPLA2 activity (MJ33 or D140A mutation) inhibits NOX2 activation and Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, reducing ROS and neuroinflammation. PRDX6-D140A and T177A site-directed mutations, MJ33 inhibitor, NOX2 inhibitor (GSK2795039), ERK inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor (SB202190), astrocyte-microglia co-culture, OGD/R model, in vivo ischemic stroke rat model Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 38287382
2021 Viral 3C protease (from FMDV and Senecavirus A) degrades PRDX6 via its proteolytic activity (independent of proteasome, lysosome, or caspase pathways). PRDX6 overexpression inhibits FMDV replication; knockdown promotes it. The antiviral function of PRDX6 depends on its iPLA2 activity (MJ33 promotes FMDV replication) but not peroxidase activity (mercaptosuccinate had no effect). PRDX6 overexpression and knockdown, 3Cpro expression constructs (WT and protease-dead mutant), MJ33 and mercaptosuccinate inhibitors, viral replication assays Virologica Sinica Medium 33721217
2022 Klf9 binds to repressive elements (RKBE) in the Prdx6 promoter and suppresses its expression under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. The Nrf2-Klf9-Prdx6 axis acts as a hormetic switch: moderate H2O2 increases Nrf2-driven Prdx6 expression, while high H2O2 (≥100 µM) causes Nrf2-mediated Klf9 upregulation that represses Prdx6, amplifying H2O2 and causing cell death. This was confirmed in Prdx6-deficient mouse LECs. Prdx6-/- mouse LECs, Klf9 overexpression and ShKlf9 knockdown, DCF oxidation (H2O2 measurement), promoter-reporter assays, dose-response H2O2 treatment Cells Medium 35455944
2022 S-palmitoylation at Cys47 of PRDX6 is predicted to competitively inhibit disulfide bond formation between Cys47 and Cys91, altering PRDX6 spatial topology. Palmitoylation status of Cys47 regulates the interaction between PRDX6 and the C-terminal domain of anion exchanger 3 (AE3), potentially affecting AE3 activity in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Immunofluorescence showed PRDX6 translocating between cytoplasm and cell membrane. Comparative proteomics (DRG of diabetic mice), palmitoylome profiling (HUVEC), bioinformatic palmitoylation site prediction, immunofluorescence for localization Frontiers in endocrinology Low 36120430
2023 Astragaloside IV (AST) inhibits PRDX6 PLA2 activity by binding to its PLA2 catalytic triad pocket, which alters PRDX6 conformation and disrupts the interaction between PRDX6 and RAC GTPase. This prevents RAC-GDI heterodimer activation, blocks NOX2 maturation, and reduces superoxide production. Activity-based protein profiling with AST probes, protein-protein interaction assays, molecular dynamics simulation, PLA2 activity assay, RAC activation assay, LPS-induced acute lung injury mouse model Phytomedicine Medium 37030053
2024 PRDX6 functions as a selenium-acceptor protein that interacts with selenophosphate synthetase 2 (SEPHS2) and facilitates intracellular selenium utilization by transferring selenium within the selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec synthesis machinery, enabling efficient GPX4 selenoprotein synthesis. Loss of PRDX6 reduces selenoprotein expression (including GPX4) and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. This was confirmed in Prdx6-deficient mouse brains and tumor xenografts. PRDX6 genetic loss (CRISPR/KO), selenium metabolic tracing, biochemical selenium transfer assays, selenoprotein expression analysis, Prdx6-/- mouse brains, xenograft tumor models Nature structural & molecular biology High 38867112
2024 PRDX6 acts as a selenium-acceptor protein that can react with selenide and interact with SEPHS2, providing an alternative pathway (independent of selenocysteine lyase SCLY) for selenium delivery to the selenocysteyl-tRNA synthesis machinery. This alternative route supports GPX4 expression and ferroptosis resistance, and is particularly relevant in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells with elevated PRDX6. PRDX6 knockout in cancer cells, selenium metabolic experiments, biochemical interaction assays (PRDX6-SEPHS2), SCLY-independent pathway validation, human cancer cell line analyses Molecular cell High 39547224
2024 Cells lacking GPX4 retain substantial phospholipid hydroperoxide-reducing capacity. While PRDX6 overexpression alone does not prevent ferroptosis, genetic loss of PRDX6 sensitizes cancer cells to ferroptosis. The mechanism is that PRDX6 acts as a selenium-acceptor protein facilitating intracellular selenium utilization and GPX4 synthesis; Prdx6-deficient mouse brains show reduced GPX4 expression. GPX4 and PRDX6 double knockouts, PLOOH reduction capacity assays, PRDX6 overexpression ferroptosis assays, selenium utilization experiments, Prdx6-/- mouse brain GPX4 measurement, xenograft models Molecular cell High 39547222
2017 Nucleophosmin (NPM) forms a complex with CBX3 that promotes PRDX6 transcription; NPM knockdown reduces PRDX6 expression and increases ROS, while NPM overexpression upregulates PRDX6 and decreases ROS. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed NPM-PRDX6 protein interaction. Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, NPM overexpression, CBX3-NPM dual luciferase reporter assay, ROS measurement Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 28513872
2021 The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the radioprotective effect of exogenous Prdx6. Exogenous Prdx6 (including the peroxidase-dead C47S mutant) activates NF-κB in irradiated cells; TLR4 inhibitors (especially those targeting the extracellular domain) significantly reduce this radioprotective effect, indicating Prdx6 interacts with TLR4 receptor to trigger cellular defense independently of its peroxidase activity. Exogenous recombinant Prdx6 and Prdx6-C47S mutant protein delivery, TLR4 inhibitors, NF-κB activation assay, cell survival assay, in vitro X-ray irradiation model Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Medium 33727039

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2016 ATPase-Modulated Stress Granules Contain a Diverse Proteome and Substructure. Cell 1233 26777405
2004 Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nature biotechnology 916 15592455
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2008 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 607 19056867
2003 Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nature biotechnology 485 12665801
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
1998 Characterization of a mammalian peroxiredoxin that contains one conserved cysteine. The Journal of biological chemistry 388 9497358
2004 14-3-3-affinity purification of over 200 human phosphoproteins reveals new links to regulation of cellular metabolism, proliferation and trafficking. The Biochemical journal 372 14744259
2015 Aerobic glycolysis tunes YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity. The EMBO journal 362 25796446
2005 Peroxiredoxin 6, a 1-Cys peroxiredoxin, functions in antioxidant defense and lung phospholipid metabolism. Free radical biology & medicine 326 15890616
1998 Crystal structure of a novel human peroxidase enzyme at 2.0 A resolution. Nature structural biology 319 9587003
2010 Dynamics of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase network revealed by systematic quantitative proteomics. Cell 318 21145461
2013 Endogenous purification reveals GREB1 as a key estrogen receptor regulatory factor. Cell reports 307 23403292
2016 Identification of Zika Virus and Dengue Virus Dependency Factors using Functional Genomics. Cell reports 306 27342126
2020 Phosphorylated tau interactome in the human Alzheimer's disease brain. Brain : a journal of neurology 290 32812023
2017 Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies HNRNPL as a prostate cancer dependency regulating RNA splicing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 282 28611215
2000 1-Cys peroxiredoxin, a bifunctional enzyme with glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities. The Journal of biological chemistry 282 10893423
2004 Activation of the antioxidant enzyme 1-CYS peroxiredoxin requires glutathionylation mediated by heterodimerization with pi GST. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 276 15004285
2005 Oxidative stress-dependent structural and functional switching of a human 2-Cys peroxiredoxin isotype II that enhances HeLa cell resistance to H2O2-induced cell death. The Journal of biological chemistry 247 15941719
2006 HERC5 is an IFN-induced HECT-type E3 protein ligase that mediates type I IFN-induced ISGylation of protein targets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 242 16815975
2003 Aberrant expression of peroxiredoxin subtypes in neurodegenerative disorders. Brain research 232 12650976
2007 hORFeome v3.1: a resource of human open reading frames representing over 10,000 human genes. Genomics 222 17207965
2010 MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis. Immunology and cell biology 221 20458337
2015 ∆F508 CFTR interactome remodelling promotes rescue of cystic fibrosis. Nature 209 26618866
2009 Regulation of PKD by the MAPK p38delta in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Cell 208 19135240
2017 Sulforaphane reactivates cellular antioxidant defense by inducing Nrf2/ARE/Prdx6 activity during aging and oxidative stress. Scientific reports 176 29074861
2021 Sp1-mediated upregulation of Prdx6 expression prevents podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy via mitigation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Life sciences 136 33894270
2019 Identification of PRDX6 as a regulator of ferroptosis. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 122 31036877
2002 An antisense oligonucleotide to 1-cys peroxiredoxin causes lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 107 12372839
2006 An integrated in silico 3D model-driven discovery of a novel, potent, and selective amidosulfonamide 5-HT1A agonist (PRX-00023) for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Journal of medicinal chemistry 100 16722631
2013 Curcumin abates hypoxia-induced oxidative stress based-ER stress-mediated cell death in mouse hippocampal cells (HT22) by controlling Prdx6 and NF-κB regulation. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 81 23364261
2003 Induction of 1-cys peroxiredoxin expression by oxidative stress in lung epithelial cells. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 79 12851211
2020 Knockout of PRDX6 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell cycle arrest at G2/M in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. Redox biology 76 33035814
2021 The BMSC-derived exosomal lncRNA Mir9-3hg suppresses cardiomyocyte ferroptosis in ischemia-reperfusion mice via the Pum2/PRDX6 axis. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 75 34953631
1998 Modulation of the human homeobox genes PRX-2 and HOXB13 in scarless fetal wounds. The Journal of investigative dermatology 75 9665387
2015 The sulfiredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Srx-Prx) axis in cell signal transduction and cancer development. Cancer letters 73 26170166
2007 Laminar shear stress up-regulates peroxiredoxins (PRX) in endothelial cells: PRX 1 as a mechanosensitive antioxidant. The Journal of biological chemistry 73 18024958
2004 Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the 1-cys peroxiredoxin gene to mouse lung protects against hyperoxic injury. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 71 15136296
2014 PRDX6 promotes lung tumor progression via its GPx and iPLA2 activities. Free radical biology & medicine 67 24512906
2024 PRDX6 augments selenium utilization to limit iron toxicity and ferroptosis. Nature structural & molecular biology 66 38867112
2000 Characterization of human and mouse peroxiredoxin IV: evidence for inhibition by Prx-IV of epidermal growth factor- and p53-induced reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants & redox signaling 59 11229364
2011 Specificity protein, Sp1-mediated increased expression of Prdx6 as a curcumin-induced antioxidant defense in lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress. Cell death & disease 58 22113199
2005 Inhibitory role of peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) on cellular senescence. FEBS letters 58 16109412
2024 PRDX6 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by directing cellular selenium utilization. Molecular cell 56 39547222
2015 The Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Gene AOP2 Mediates Feed-back Regulation of Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis. Molecular plant 56 25758208
2009 PRDX6 attenuates oxidative stress- and TGFbeta-induced abnormalities of human trabecular meshwork cells. Free radical research 52 19572226
2004 Polyol pathway-dependent osmotic and oxidative stresses in aldose reductase-mediated apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells: role of AOP2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 52 14751239
2013 Prx I suppresses K-ras-driven lung tumorigenesis by opposing redox-sensitive ERK/cyclin D1 pathway. Antioxidants & redox signaling 51 23186333
2017 Prdx6 retards senescence and restores trabecular meshwork cell health by regulating reactive oxygen species. Cell death discovery 50 28904819
2015 PRDX6 promotes tumor development via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in a urethane-induced lung tumor model. Free radical biology & medicine 50 25582888
2007 Investigating transcriptional regulation of Prdx6 in mouse liver cells. Free radical biology & medicine 50 17382207
2024 PRDX6 contributes to selenocysteine metabolism and ferroptosis resistance. Molecular cell 49 39547224
2016 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) supports NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1)-based superoxide generation and cell migration. Free radical biology & medicine 48 27094494
2003 Overexpression of Prdx6 reduces H2O2 but does not prevent diet-induced atherosclerosis in the aortic root. Free radical biology & medicine 48 14572613
2009 Overexpression of Prdx6 and resistance to peroxide-induced death in Hepa1-6 cells: Prdx suppression increases apoptosis. Redox report : communications in free radical research 46 20003713
2018 Analyses of the three 1-Cys Peroxiredoxins from Aspergillus fumigatus reveal that cytosolic Prx1 is central to H2O2 metabolism and virulence. Scientific reports 44 30120327
2015 PRDX6 controls multiple sclerosis by suppressing inflammation and blood brain barrier disruption. Oncotarget 44 26327204
2005 T lymphocytes and dendritic cells are activated by the deletion of peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) gene. Immunology letters 43 16290204
2019 Sulforaphane-Induced Klf9/Prdx6 Axis Acts as a Molecular Switch to Control Redox Signaling and Determines Fate of Cells. Cells 40 31569690
2011 The effects of PRX-07034, a novel 5-HT6 antagonist, on cognitive flexibility and working memory in rats. Psychopharmacology 38 21989804
2014 Involvement of a 1-Cys peroxiredoxin in bacterial virulence. PLoS pathogens 37 25329795
2010 The characterisation of AOP2: a gene associated with the biosynthesis of aliphatic alkenyl glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC plant biology 37 20699011
2006 The Prx Q protein of Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of the luminal chloroplast proteome. FEBS letters 37 17054949
2018 Expression of PRDX6 Correlates with Migration and Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 36 30562740
2008 Functional analysis and expression characteristics of chloroplastic Prx IIE. Physiologia plantarum 36 18422870
2015 Redox-dependent chaperone/peroxidase function of 2-Cys-Prx from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC7120: role in oxidative stress tolerance. BMC plant biology 35 25849452
2010 Formaldehyde induces apoptosis through decreased Prx 2 via p38 MAPK in lung epithelial cells. Toxicology 35 20347000
1999 AOP2 (antioxidant protein 2): structure and function of a unique thiol-specific antioxidant. Antioxidants & redox signaling 34 11233154
2007 Identification and characterization of a novel 1-Cys peroxiredoxin from silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 33 17933572
2002 Regulation of 1-cys peroxiredoxin expression in lung epithelial cells. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 33 12151315
2013 Modulation of the peroxiredoxin system by cytokines in insulin-producing RINm5F cells: down-regulation of PRDX6 increases susceptibility of beta cells to oxidative stress. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 32 23623867
2020 Prdx6 Plays a Main Role in the Crosstalk Between Aging and Metabolic Sarcopenia. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 31 32316601
2010 PRX-08066, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B antagonist, reduces monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in rats. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 31 20430844
2022 PRDX6-mediated pulmonary artery endothelial cell ferroptosis contributes to monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Microvascular research 30 36566948
2017 Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6 gains protective function by amplifying enzymatic activity and stability and escapes oxidative stress-induced aberrant Sumoylation. Cell death & disease 30 28055018
2018 Overexpression of Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) Promotes the Aggressive Phenotypes of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of Cancer 29 30410598
2024 Analysis of the Expression of PRDX6 in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and its Effect on the Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Current genomics 28 38544826
2020 Overexpression and biological function of PRDX6 in human cervical cancer. Journal of Cancer 28 32201510
2015 Three genes encoding AOP2, a protein involved in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, are differentially expressed in Brassica rapa. Journal of experimental botany 28 26188204
2015 In vivo parameters influencing 2-Cys Prx oligomerization: The role of enzyme sulfinylation. Redox biology 28 26335398
2013 PRDX1 and PRDX6 are repressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas via BRAF V600E-dependent and -independent mechanisms. International journal of oncology 28 24316730
2022 Switching of Redox Signaling by Prdx6 Expression Decides Cellular Fate by Hormetic Phenomena Involving Nrf2 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Cells 27 35455944
2022 PRDX6 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and ferroptosis in periodontitis. Acta odontologica Scandinavica 26 35723029
2008 Conversion of Bacillus subtilis OhrR from a 1-Cys to a 2-Cys peroxide sensor. Journal of bacteriology 26 18586944
2005 Reduced expression of 1-cys peroxiredoxin in oxidative stress-induced cataracts. Experimental eye research 26 16360653
2018 Expression of periaxin (PRX) specifically in the human cerebrovascular system: PDZ domain-mediated strengthening of endothelial barrier function. Scientific reports 25 29968755
2012 Phox activity of differentiated PLB-985 cells is enhanced, in an agonist specific manner, by the PLA2 activity of Prdx6-PLA2. European journal of immunology 23 22678913
2011 Novel mutations in the PRX and the MTMR2 genes are responsible for unusual Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease phenotypes. Neuromuscular disorders : NMD 23 21741241
2014 Proteomic analysis of bladder cancer indicates Prx-I as a key molecule in BI-TK/GCV treatment system. PloS one 22 24904997
2008 Two novel mutations in the GDAP1 and PRX genes in early onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. Neuropediatrics 22 18504680
2005 Tissue Prx I in the protection against Fe-NTA and the reduction of nitroxyl radicals. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 16297875
2003 Deletion of the homeobox gene PRX-2 affects fetal but not adult fibroblast wound healing responses. The Journal of investigative dermatology 22 12535210
2024 PRDX6-iPLA2 aggravates neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke via regulating astrocytes-induced M1 microglia. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 21 38287382
2017 Nucleophosmin Regulates Intracellular Oxidative Stress Homeostasis via Antioxidant PRDX6. Journal of cellular biochemistry 21 28513872
2016 The role of Prdx6 in the protection of cells of the crystalline lens from oxidative stress induced by UV exposure. Japanese journal of ophthalmology 21 27379999
1997 Ol-Prx 3, a member of an additional class of homeobox genes, is unimodally expressed in several domains of the developing and adult central nervous system of the medaka (Oryzias latipes). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 21 9371787
2019 Regulation of cartilage damage caused by lack of Klotho with thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin (Trx/Prx) system and succedent NLRP3 activation in osteoarthritis mice. American journal of translational research 20 31934282
2015 Lentivirus-mediated inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α improves motor function associated with PRDX6 in spinal cord contusion rats. Scientific reports 20 25686213
2021 The role of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the radioprotective effects of exogenous Prdx6. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 19 33727039
2008 Effects of PRX-00023, a novel, selective serotonin 1A receptor agonist on measures of anxiety and depression in generalized anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 19 18344738
2006 Mutagenesis and modeling of the peroxiredoxin (Prx) complex with the NMR structure of ATP-bound human sulfiredoxin implicate aspartate 187 of Prx I as the catalytic residue in ATP hydrolysis. Biochemistry 19 17176052
2003 Identification of multiple transcripts for antioxidant protein 2 (Aop2): differential regulation by oxidative stress and growth factors. Redox report : communications in free radical research 18 12804011
2018 SALL4 suppresses reactive oxygen species in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma phenotype via FoxM1/Prx III axis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 29958885
2023 Astragaloside IV targets PRDX6, inhibits the activation of RAC subunit in NADPH oxidase 2 for oxidative damage. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 16 37030053
2021 KLF9 regulates PRDX6 expression in hyperglycemia-aggravated bupivacaine neurotoxicity. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 16 33547545
2021 PRDX6 Overexpression Promotes Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of A549 Cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer management and research 16 33603470
2016 Identification of a PRX variant in a Chinese family with congenital cataract by exome sequencing. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians 16 27081207
2006 Biochemical characterization of 1-Cys peroxiredoxin from Antrodia camphorata. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 16 17103164
2019 Absence of Cytosolic 2-Cys Prx Subtypes I and II Exacerbates TNF-α-Induced Apoptosis via Different Routes. Cell reports 15 30784599
2005 Regulation of 1-cys peroxiredoxin expression in the process of stromal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 14 15980227
2024 Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits non-small cell lung cancer via promotion of Prdx6- and caspase-3-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 13 38401519
2022 NPM1 promotes cell proliferation by targeting PRDX6 in colorectal cancer. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 13 35659568
2022 PRDX6: A protein bridging S-palmitoylation and diabetic neuropathy. Frontiers in endocrinology 13 36120430
2022 Sp1-Mediated Prdx6 Upregulation Leads to Clasmatodendrosis by Increasing Its aiPLA2 Activity in the CA1 Astrocytes in Chronic Epilepsy Rats. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 13 36290607
2007 Drug evaluation: PRX-00023, a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist for depression. Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) 13 17263189
2021 Porcine Picornavirus 3C Protease Degrades PRDX6 to Impair PRDX6-mediated Antiviral Function. Virologica Sinica 12 33721217
2020 Significant reductions in apoptosis-related proteins (HSPA6, HSPA8, ITGB3, YWHAH, and PRDX6) are involved in immune thrombocytopenia. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 12 33047245
2015 Anti-cancer effect of snake venom toxin through down regulation of AP-1 mediated PRDX6 expression. Oncotarget 12 26061816
2005 Transcripts associated with Prdx6 (peroxiredoxin 6) and related genes in mouse. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 12 15859355
2023 Novel Variants in MPV17, PRX, GJB1, and SACS Cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay Type Diseases. Genes 11 36833258
2023 Loss of PRDX6 Aborts Proliferative and Migratory Signaling in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 11 37371884
2019 Non-Mammalian Prdx6 Enzymes (Proteins with 1-Cys Prdx Mechanism) Display PLA₂ Activity Similar to the Human Orthologue. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 11 30832204