Affinage

PRC1

Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 · UniProt O43663

Length
620 aa
Mass
71.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 33 papers cited in narrative 34 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PRC1 is a homodimeric microtubule-bundling protein that crosslinks antiparallel microtubules at the spindle midzone to ensure proper spindle mechanics and cytokinesis. Its bundling activity is suppressed during early mitosis by CDK phosphorylation and activated at anaphase, with CDK16–Cyclin Y phosphorylating Thr481 to regulate interphase localization, while Plk1 activates PRC1 to promote cytokinesis (PMID:9885575, PMID:12082078, PMID:30992425, PMID:34531368). PRC1 cooperates with kinesin-4 (Kif4A) to mark microtubule plus-ends in a length-dependent manner, forming end-tags whose collision stalls sliding, and functions as a velocity-dependent mechanical dashpot that generates frictional resistance to motor-driven microtubule sliding (PMID:23870126, PMID:30353849, PMID:32640202). Crystal structures reveal a spectrin-like fold that mediates homodimerization and antiparallel microtubule crosslinking, with distinct domains required for microtubule binding, cleavage-furrow localization, and Kif4A co-recruitment (PMID:23870126, PMID:12082078).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Whether PRC1-family proteins are cell-cycle-regulated was unknown; demonstration that yeast Ase1 undergoes APC/cyclosome-mediated proteolysis at mitotic exit, and that a non-degradable mutant delays spindle disassembly, established that PRC1-family turnover is essential for orderly spindle dynamics.

    Evidence Non-degradable Ase1 mutant expression and cell-cycle degradation assays in budding yeast

    PMID:9036857

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of APC recognition of Ase1/PRC1 degron not defined
    • Not tested in mammalian cells
  2. 1998 High

    The function of PRC1 in mammalian cell division was unknown; showing it is a CDK substrate that dynamically localizes to spindles and midbody, and that antibody microinjection blocks cytokinesis but not nuclear division, established PRC1 as a direct effector of cytokinesis.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, in vivo phosphorylation, antibody microinjection, immunolocalization in mammalian cells

    PMID:9885575

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of cytokinesis failure not resolved
    • Phosphorylation sites and their individual functions not mapped
  3. 2002 High

    How PRC1 contributes to midzone formation was unclear; demonstrating that PRC1 directly binds and bundles microtubules in vitro, that CDK phosphorylation suppresses bundling during prometaphase, and that siRNA depletion abolishes midzone interdigitation defined PRC1 as a phospho-regulated microtubule crosslinker.

    Evidence In vitro microtubule bundling, phosphorylation-null mutant expression, siRNA knockdown, domain truncation analysis

    PMID:12082078

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of bundling not yet resolved
    • Identity of the phosphatase that reactivates PRC1 unknown
  4. 2005 High

    Whether PRC1-family function in midzone assembly is conserved and what downstream effectors it recruits was unknown; showing that fission yeast Ase1 is dose-dependent for bundling, required for anaphase B spindle integrity, and necessary for Aurora kinase midzone recruitment established PRC1 as a conserved scaffold for midzone signaling.

    Evidence Gene deletion, time-lapse imaging, overexpression, and genetic epistasis in fission yeast

    PMID:15647375

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical interaction with Aurora kinase not demonstrated
    • Checkpoint function mechanism not fully defined
  5. 2013 High

    How antiparallel overlap length is set was a major open question; crystal structure of the PRC1 homodimer and reconstitution of PRC1–Kif4A end-tagging showed that the two proteins cooperate to mark microtubule plus-ends in a length-dependent manner, providing a molecular ruler mechanism.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, in vitro reconstitution with TIRF microscopy, structure-guided mutagenesis, live-cell imaging

    PMID:23870126

    Open questions at the time
    • How other MAPs modulate end-tagging in vivo not addressed
    • Mechanism of length-sensing at quantitative level incomplete
  6. 2018 High

    How PRC1 geometry-dependent sliding and stalling occur was unresolved; reconstitution showed that PRC1–Kif4A sliding velocity scales with initial overlap length and stalls when opposing end-tags collide, providing a self-limiting overlap control mechanism.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution with TIRF microscopy and quantitative analysis

    PMID:30353849

    Open questions at the time
    • Force generation at stall not measured
    • Contribution of other crosslinkers in vivo not tested
  7. 2018 High

    Which kinase phosphorylates PRC1 at Thr481 and what this modification does was unknown; identification of CDK16–Cyclin Y as the kinase and showing that its inhibition causes PRC1 mislocalization to the nucleus during interphase defined an interphase regulatory axis for PRC1.

    Evidence Analog-sensitive CDK16 (CRISPR), proteomic substrate identification, epistasis analysis

    PMID:30992425

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CDK16 regulates PRC1 bundling activity directly not tested
    • Redundancy with other CDKs at this site not fully explored
  8. 2020 High

    Whether PRC1 generates passive mechanical forces was unknown; optical trapping demonstrated that PRC1 crosslinks act as velocity-dependent friction generators (dashpots) whose force scales with sliding speed and crosslink number, establishing a biophysical function beyond static bundling.

    Evidence Simultaneous optical trapping and TIRF microscopy in vitro

    PMID:32640202

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo force measurements not performed
    • How dashpot friction integrates with active motor forces in cells not modeled
  9. 2016 High

    Whether PRC1 bridging fibers associate with kinetochores during metaphase was unclear; live imaging showed >90% of PRC1-labeled overlap bundles bridge sister k-fibers one-to-one, and PRC1 knockdown reduces bridging fiber thickness and interkinetochore distance, defining PRC1's role in metaphase force balance.

    Evidence PRC1-GFP live imaging, siRNA knockdown, quantitative analysis in human cells

    PMID:28028032

    Open questions at the time
    • How bridging fiber forces are transmitted to kinetochores mechanistically unknown
    • Contribution relative to other crosslinkers not quantified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include the identity of the phosphatase that reactivates PRC1 bundling at anaphase onset, how PRC1 dashpot forces integrate with motor-generated forces in vivo, and whether PRC1 post-translational modifications beyond CDK and Plk1 sites regulate its crosslinking geometry in different cell types.
  • Phosphatase identity unknown
  • In vivo force balance model incorporating PRC1 friction not established
  • Cell-type-specific regulation largely unexplored

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 6 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 4
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 4 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 7
Partners
BIM1CCNYCDK16KIF4APLK1
Complex memberships
PRC1 homodimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 34 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 PRC1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) is a substrate for CDKs in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at CDK consensus sites; it localizes to the nucleus in interphase, associates dynamically with mitotic spindles during mitosis, and localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis. Microinjection of anti-PRC1 antibodies blocked cellular cleavage but not nuclear division, establishing a direct role in cytokinesis. In vitro kinase assay, in vivo phosphorylation, microinjection of inhibitory antibodies, immunolocalization Molecular cell High 9885575
2002 PRC1 binds and bundles microtubules both in vivo and in vitro; CDK phosphorylation suppresses its bundling activity during mitosis (a phosphorylation-null mutant causes aberrant prometaphase bundling); siRNA depletion abolishes microtubule interdigitation and the spindle midzone. The NH2-terminal region is required for localization to the cleavage furrow and midbody center, whereas the central region is required for microtubule binding and bundling. siRNA knockdown, overexpression of truncation/phosphorylation-null mutants, in vitro microtubule bundling assay, immunofluorescence The Journal of cell biology High 12082078
2013 PRC1 and kinesin-4 (Kif4A) cooperate to tag microtubule plus ends in a length-dependent manner in vitro and in dividing cells. The crystal structure of the PRC1 homodimer was determined and protein-protein interactions required for microtubule plus-end tagging were mapped. In vitro reconstitution, crystal structure determination, live-cell imaging, structure-guided mutagenesis Cell High 23870126
2018 CDK16 (in complex with Cyclin Y) phosphorylates PRC1 at Thr481; specific inhibition of CDK16 causes PRC1 dephosphorylation at this site and its delocalization to the nucleus during interphase. CDK16 inhibition and PRC1 downregulation show epistatic effects on cell viability, placing them in the same pathway. Analog-sensitive CDK16 generated by CRISPR-Cas9, proteomic substrate identification, phosphosite mapping, epistasis analysis Experimental & molecular medicine High 30992425
2022 CDK16 phosphorylates PRC1 to regulate spindle formation during mitosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells; CDK16 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition leads to mitotic spindle defects consistent with PRC1 dysfunction. Genetic knockdown, pharmacological inhibition, xenograft and organoid models, transcriptomic analysis Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 35449080
2020 PRC1 acts as a mechanical dashpot (velocity-dependent friction generator) when crosslinking antiparallel microtubules: frictional forces scale with microtubule sliding velocity and number of PRC1 crosslinks, but not overlap length or PRC1 density within overlaps. Simultaneous optical trapping and TIRF microscopy in vitro Developmental cell High 32640202
2016 In metaphase spindles, PRC1-GFP-labeled overlap (bridging) bundles show one-to-one association with kinetochore pairs (>90% of overlap bundles bridge sister k-fibers); PRC1 knockdown reduces bridging fiber thickness and interkinetochore distance, demonstrating PRC1's role in spindle force balance. Live-cell imaging with PRC1-GFP, siRNA knockdown, endogenous PRC1 immunolocalization, quantitative analysis EMBO reports High 28028032
2018 The geometry of antiparallel microtubule arrays regulates PRC1-Kif4A activity: sliding velocity scales with initial microtubule overlap length, and final overlap width scales with microtubule length. PRC1 and Kif4A accumulate at microtubule plus-ends forming 'end-tags,' and sliding stalls when opposing end-tags collide. In vitro reconstitution with fluorescently labeled proteins, TIRF microscopy eLife High 30353849
2021 PLK1 activates PRC1 to promote cytokinesis; the EWSR1-FLI1 oncogenic transcription factor hijacks PRC1 via binding to a proximal GGAA-microsatellite enhancer, driving high PRC1 expression. PLK1 inhibition in PRC1-overexpressing Ewing sarcoma triggers mitotic catastrophe and tumor regression. CRISPR-mediated enhancer editing, in vitro and in vivo functional experiments, transcriptome profiling Nature communications Medium 34531368
2020 PRC1 is required for anaphase spindle midzone and midbody formation during mouse oocyte meiosis I; KIF4A co-localizes with PRC1 at the midzone, and KIF4A depletion disrupts PRC1 expression and localization, placing KIF4A upstream of PRC1 in midzone assembly during meiosis. siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence localization, mRNA rescue injection, mouse oocyte model The FEBS journal Medium 33206458
2017 ZFP36 binds to AU-rich elements in the 3'UTR of PRC1 mRNA to downregulate PRC1 protein expression; this post-transcriptional regulation by ZFP36 suppresses PRC1-mediated promotion of cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Luciferase reporter assay, ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation, overexpression and knockdown Frontiers in molecular biosciences Medium 32766276
2014 PRC1 crystal structure of the homodimer was determined (as part of the Subramanian et al. 2013 study), mapping the spectrin-like fold and identifying interaction surfaces required for antiparallel microtubule crosslinking and kinesin-4 co-recruitment. X-ray crystallography, in vitro reconstitution, structure-guided mutagenesis Cell High 23870126
1997 The budding yeast ortholog Ase1 (PRC1 family) undergoes APC/cyclosome-mediated proteolysis when cells exit mitosis and enter G1; stable non-degradable Ase1 delays spindle disassembly and causes a spindle defect sensed by the spindle assembly checkpoint, establishing APC-mediated proteolysis as a regulator of spindle assembly and disassembly. Genetic analysis, cell-cycle-specific degradation assays, expression of non-degradable mutant Science High 9036857
2005 Fission yeast Ase1 (PRC1 ortholog) localizes to microtubule overlapping zones and is a dose-dependent microtubule-bundling factor; its absence causes spindle collapse during anaphase B, and Aurora kinase fails to localize to central spindles without Ase1. Ase1 also acts as a regulatory component in the cytokinesis checkpoint. Gene deletion, time-lapse imaging, overexpression analysis, genetic epistasis Molecular biology of the cell High 15647375
2020 In budding yeast, the Ase1 spectrin domain promotes midzone recruitment before anaphase onset and slows early spindle elongation via conserved basic residues; the carboxy-terminal domain interacts with and recruits EB1/Bim1 to the midzone to maintain midzone length during late anaphase. Domain truncation and mutagenesis, live-cell imaging, protein interaction assays Molecular biology of the cell Medium 32997572
2019 In fission yeast, Ase1 (PRC1 ortholog) is required for bipolar spindle assembly in the absence of kinesin-5 by recruiting CLASP/Cls1 to stabilize microtubules; Brownian dynamics simulations confirm that Ase1 and Cls1 activity are sufficient for initial bipolar spindle formation via microtubule polymerization forces. Genetic epistasis, live-cell imaging, computational modeling Nature communications Medium 28513584
2014 Replication stress in budding yeast induces intragenic transcription of ASE1, producing shorter protein isoforms that localize to the spindle and antagonize full-length Ase1 at the midzone, stabilizing the S-phase spindle by downregulating full-length Ase1 crosslinking activity. Biochemical characterization of short isoforms, overexpression, live-cell imaging, genetic analysis Current biology Medium 24768052
2024 Canonical PRC1 (the Polycomb epigenetic complex) forms condensates synergistically with nucleosomal arrays (reducing critical concentration >20-fold); CBX subunit composition determines condensate initiation, and PHC2's polymerization activity promotes distinct adherent domain formation that does not coalesce. Live-cell imaging confirms CBX drives initiation and PHC drives stability. In vitro reconstitution with single-molecule imaging, live-cell imaging, genetic perturbation of specific subunits Molecular cell High 38521066
2014 Crystal structure of the human Ring1B-Bmi1-UbcH5c PRC1 ubiquitylation module bound to the nucleosome core particle reveals that PRC1 achieves substrate specificity by contacting multiple nucleosome surfaces distinct from the catalytic site, and reveals an unexpected role for the E2 enzyme UbcH5c in substrate recognition for H2A Lys119 ubiquitylation. X-ray crystallography of PRC1-nucleosome complex Nature High 25355358
2016 RYBP/YAF2 stimulates the H2AK119 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of PRC1; RYBP shapes H2AK119 mono-ubiquitylation at PcG targets and underpins activity-based communication between PRC1 and PRC2 required for normal H3K27me3. Loss of RYBP erodes repressive Polycomb chromatin domains. Mouse ESC genetic perturbation, quantitative genomics, ChIP-seq eLife High 27705745
2012 Recombinant PRC1 (Polycomb complex) inhibits transcription on H3K27-methylated chromatin templates by blocking recruitment of Mediator and dissociating preassembled preinitiation complexes, while leaving TBP/TFIID relatively intact, defining a specific biochemical mechanism for PRC1-mediated transcriptional silencing. In vitro transcription reconstitution on immobilized chromatin templates, purified recombinant PRC1 The Journal of biological chemistry High 22910904
2021 Rapid degron-based depletion of PRC1 (Polycomb complex) shows it functions independently of PRC2 to counteract RNA Pol II binding and transcription initiation; single-cell analysis reveals PRC1 controls transcriptional burst frequency uniformly across the cell population. Auxin-inducible degron (rapid depletion), time-resolved ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, single-cell gene expression analysis Nature structural & molecular biology High 34608337
2020 RYBP and YAF2 each specifically bind H2AK119ub1 to recruit RYBP-PRC1 or YAF2-PRC1 and catalyze ubiquitination of neighboring nucleosomes via a positive-feedback model; histone H1-compacted chromatin enhances distal propagation of H2AK119ub1, contributing to epigenetic inheritance during cell division. Biochemical binding assays, reconstitution, genetic disruption, chromatin fractionation Nature cell biology High 32203418
2017 hnRNPK is the principal RNA-binding protein that binds the Xist B-repeat-containing Polycomb Interaction Domain (XR-PID) and recruits PCGF3/5-PRC1 to initiate chromosome-wide H2AK119ub1 and subsequent PRC2 recruitment; synthetic tethering of hnRNPK to Xist lacking XR-PID is sufficient to restore Polycomb recruitment. RNA deletion mapping, RNA pulldown, synthetic tethering, genetic deletion, ChIP-seq Molecular cell High 29220657
2017 PCGF3/5-PRC1 initiates Polycomb recruitment in X chromosome inactivation; it catalyzes H2AK119ub1 chromosome-wide, which signals recruitment of other PRC1 complexes and PRC2, the latter leading to H3K27me3 deposition. Pcgf3/5 knockout results in female-specific embryo lethality and abrogates Xist-mediated gene repression. Conditional knockout, ChIP-seq, immunofluorescence, RNA-seq Science High 28596365
2016 The Sfmbt subunit of PhoRC and the Scm subunit of canonical PRC1 directly bind each other through their SAM domains; the 1.9 Å crystal structure reveals the recognition mechanism and shows Sfmbt-SAM lacks polymerization capacity. PRE-tethered Sfmbt-SAM nucleates PRC1 recruitment via Scm-SAM, and Scm-SAM/Ph-SAM polymerization drives PRC1-compacted chromatin formation. X-ray crystallography (1.9 Å), in vitro binding assays, Drosophila functional genetics Genes & development High 27151979
2016 BMI1's central domain adopts a ubiquitin-like (UBL) fold that binds PHC2 in a β-hairpin conformation and also mediates BMI1 homo-oligomerization; both BMI1-PHC2 interaction and UBL-domain homo-oligomerization are required for H2A ubiquitination activity of PRC1 and clonogenic potential of cancer cells. NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, H2A ubiquitination assay, clonogenic assay Nature communications High 27827373
2020 SUMOylated CBX2-containing PRC1 recruits the H3.3-specific chaperone DAXX to paternal pericentric heterochromatin (pat-PCH) in mouse pre-implantation embryos, enabling H3.3 incorporation; loss of Daxx, Ring1, or Rnf2 abrogates H3.3 incorporation and causes chromatin breakage and mis-segregation of paternal chromosomes. Genetic knockdown/knockout in mouse embryos, immunofluorescence, complementation assays The EMBO journal High 32395866
2015 Cbx2 directs catalytically active PRC1 to paternal pericentric heterochromatin (pat-PCH) in mouse zygotes via its chromodomain binding H3K27me3 and an AT-hook binding AT-rich major satellites; HP1β at maternal PCH prevents Cbx2 AT-hook from accessing DNA there, establishing a parent-of-origin-specific PRC1 targeting mechanism. Mouse zygote genetics, domain mutation analysis, immunofluorescence, loss-of-function studies Molecular cell High 25801166
2021 Single-particle tracking in live mouse ESCs shows PRC1 (Polycomb complex) is highly dynamic with only a small fraction stably bound to chromatin, and exhibits low occupancy at target sites; specific subunits define kinetics (CBX for chromatin binding, other subunits for complex stability), suggesting chromatin modification rather than complex occupancy is central to gene repression. Single-particle tracking in live cells (SPT), genome engineering, chromatin fraction analysis Nature communications High 33563969
2023 PRC2.1 catalyzes most H3K27me3 at Polycomb targets and promotes recruitment of CBX2/4-cPRC1 but not CBX7-cPRC1; conversely, the PRC2.2 accessory protein JARID2 is specifically required for CBX7-cPRC1 recruitment and consequent 3D chromatin interactions, defining distinct mechanisms by which PRC2.1 and PRC2.2 recruit different canonical PRC1 forms. CRISPR knockout and genetic replacement of subunit-specific factors, ChIP-seq, Hi-C, Co-IP Molecular cell High 37030288
2020 Canonical PRC1, but not variant PRC1, can maintain gene silencing through cell division upon removal of tethering signal, via cis-acting H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3 promoting a sequence-independent feedback recruitment of PcG proteins. Reversible tethering of PcG proteins to ectopic sites in mouse ESCs, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq Nature communications High 31036804
2019 Variant PRC1 complexes (not canonical PRC1) are the primary drivers of Polycomb-mediated gene repression; distinct pools of H2A monoubiquitylation from different variant PRC1 complexes are associated with target gene repression and X chromosome inactivation silencing. Canonical PRC1 contributes to higher-order chromatin structures but little to gene repression. Combinatorial genetic perturbation, quantitative genomics (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq) in mouse ESCs Molecular cell High 31029541
2020 Canonical PRC1 mediates long-range chromatin interactions (bridging megabase-scale loci) independently of CTCF; impairment of PRC1 enzymatic activity does not directly disrupt these interactions, and transcriptional activation is separable from loss of PRC1-mediated interactions. Hi-C, imaging, genetic loss of function in mouse ESCs Genes & development High 32439634

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 PRC1 is a microtubule binding and bundling protein essential to maintain the mitotic spindle midzone. The Journal of cell biology 367 12082078
1998 PRC1: a human mitotic spindle-associated CDK substrate protein required for cytokinesis. Molecular cell 310 9885575
2006 Genome-wide profiling of PRC1 and PRC2 Polycomb chromatin binding in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature genetics 309 16628213
2014 Crystal structure of the PRC1 ubiquitylation module bound to the nucleosome. Nature 265 25355358
2017 hnRNPK Recruits PCGF3/5-PRC1 to the Xist RNA B-Repeat to Establish Polycomb-Mediated Chromosomal Silencing. Molecular cell 257 29220657
1997 APC-mediated proteolysis of Ase1 and the morphogenesis of the mitotic spindle. Science (New York, N.Y.) 226 9036857
2017 PCGF3/5-PRC1 initiates Polycomb recruitment in X chromosome inactivation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 212 28596365
2019 Synergy between Variant PRC1 Complexes Defines Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression. Molecular cell 206 31029541
2012 Phosphatidic acid regulates microtubule organization by interacting with MAP65-1 in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 174 23150630
2015 Transcriptional repression by PRC1 in the absence of H2A monoubiquitylation. Genes & development 155 26178786
2004 In vivo dynamics and differential microtubule-binding activities of MAP65 proteins. Plant physiology 141 15557096
2005 The roles of fission yeast ase1 in mitotic cell division, meiotic nuclear oscillation, and cytokinesis checkpoint signaling. Molecular biology of the cell 129 15647375
2013 Marking and measuring single microtubules by PRC1 and kinesin-4. Cell 127 23870126
2019 BAP1 complex promotes transcription by opposing PRC1-mediated H2A ubiquitylation. Nature communications 122 30664650
2016 RYBP stimulates PRC1 to shape chromatin-based communication between Polycomb repressive complexes. eLife 116 27705745
2012 The polycomb group protein L3mbtl2 assembles an atypical PRC1-family complex that is essential in pluripotent stem cells and early development. Cell stem cell 115 22770845
2020 A central role for canonical PRC1 in shaping the 3D nuclear landscape. Genes & development 108 32439634
2018 The SS18-SSX Oncoprotein Hijacks KDM2B-PRC1.1 to Drive Synovial Sarcoma. Cancer cell 105 29502955
2008 MAP65-3 microtubule-associated protein is essential for nematode-induced giant cell ontogenesis in Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 100 18263774
2011 Interaction of antiparallel microtubules in the phragmoplast is mediated by the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 in Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 95 21873565
2020 RYBP/YAF2-PRC1 complexes and histone H1-dependent chromatin compaction mediate propagation of H2AK119ub1 during cell division. Nature cell biology 91 32203418
2011 Microtubule-associated proteins MAP65-1 and MAP65-2 positively regulate axial cell growth in etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls. The Plant cell 86 21551389
2018 A Non-canonical BCOR-PRC1.1 Complex Represses Differentiation Programs in Human ESCs. Cell stem cell 82 29337181
2016 Interdependence of PRC1 and PRC2 for recruitment to Polycomb Response Elements. Nucleic acids research 81 27557709
2008 The C-terminal variable region specifies the dynamic properties of Arabidopsis microtubule-associated protein MAP65 isotypes. The Plant cell 80 19060108
2021 PRC1 drives Polycomb-mediated gene repression by controlling transcription initiation and burst frequency. Nature structural & molecular biology 78 34608337
2016 Molecular basis of PRC1 targeting to Polycomb response elements by PhoRC. Genes & development 75 27151979
2015 Cbx2 targets PRC1 to constitutive heterochromatin in mouse zygotes in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner. Molecular cell 74 25801166
2017 Polycomb complexes PRC1 and their function in hematopoiesis. Experimental hematology 72 28087428
2017 Kinesin-5-independent mitotic spindle assembly requires the antiparallel microtubule crosslinker Ase1 in fission yeast. Nature communications 63 28513584
2020 Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms. International journal of molecular sciences 61 33202645
2016 PRC1-labeled microtubule bundles and kinetochore pairs show one-to-one association in metaphase. EMBO reports 61 28028032
2014 The putative PRC1 RING-finger protein AtRING1A regulates flowering through repressing MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING genes in Arabidopsis. Development (Cambridge, England) 60 24553292
2019 Canonical PRC1 controls sequence-independent propagation of Polycomb-mediated gene silencing. Nature communications 59 31036804
2013 The polycomb complex PRC1: composition and function in plants. Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao 59 23706298
2012 Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) disassembles RNA polymerase II preinitiation complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 58 22910904
2021 Live-cell single particle tracking of PRC1 reveals a highly dynamic system with low target site occupancy. Nature communications 56 33563969
2017 PRC1: Linking Cytokinesis, Chromosomal Instability, and Cancer Evolution. Trends in cancer 56 29413422
2016 BMI1 regulates PRC1 architecture and activity through homo- and hetero-oligomerization. Nature communications 56 27827373
2023 PRC2.1- and PRC2.2-specific accessory proteins drive recruitment of different forms of canonical PRC1. Molecular cell 54 37030288
2012 Polycomb in stem cells: PRC1 branches out. Cell stem cell 54 22770239
2012 Arabidopsis microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 cross-links antiparallel microtubules toward their plus ends in the phragmoplast via its distinct C-terminal microtubule binding domain. The Plant cell 53 22570443
2020 Activity of PRC1 and Histone H2AK119 Monoubiquitination: Revising Popular Misconceptions. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 50 32196702
2013 Nonredundant and locus-specific gene repression functions of PRC1 paralog family members in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 50 23349393
2006 MAP65: a bridge linking a MAP kinase to microtubule turnover. Current opinion in plant biology 49 17011227
2018 Geometry of antiparallel microtubule bundles regulates relative sliding and stalling by PRC1 and Kif4A. eLife 48 30353849
2017 Arabidopsis MAP65-4 plays a role in phragmoplast microtubule organization and marks the cortical cell division site. The New phytologist 48 28370001
2010 Arabidopsis kinetochore fiber-associated MAP65-4 cross-links microtubules and promotes microtubule bundle elongation. The Plant cell 48 21119057
2018 Loss of PRC1 induces higher-order opening of Hox loci independently of transcription during Drosophila embryogenesis. Nature communications 46 30254245
2006 The role of MAP65-1 in microtubule bundling during Zinnia tracheary element formation. Journal of cell science 45 16449317
2021 Repression of germline genes by PRC1.6 and SETDB1 in the early embryo precedes DNA methylation-mediated silencing. Nature communications 44 34857746
2016 Phosphorylation of MAP65-1 by Arabidopsis Aurora Kinases Is Required for Efficient Cell Cycle Progression. Plant physiology 44 27879390
2017 Samd7 is a cell type-specific PRC1 component essential for establishing retinal rod photoreceptor identity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 28900001
2012 MAP65-1 and MAP65-2 promote cell proliferation and axial growth in Arabidopsis roots. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 42 22443289
2019 Chromatin folding and nuclear architecture: PRC1 function in 3D. Current opinion in genetics & development 40 31323466
2012 End-binding proteins and Ase1/PRC1 define local functionality of structurally distinct parts of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Trends in cell biology 40 23103209
2012 A PLETHORA-auxin transcription module controls cell division plane rotation through MAP65 and CLASP. Cell 39 22500804
2022 CDK16 promotes the progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by phosphorylating PRC1. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 37 35449080
2020 The Mitotic Crosslinking Protein PRC1 Acts Like a Mechanical Dashpot to Resist Microtubule Sliding. Developmental cell 37 32640202
2018 Dual localized kinesin-12 POK2 plays multiple roles during cell division and interacts with MAP65-3. EMBO reports 37 30002118
2022 BCOR and BCORL1 Mutations Drive Epigenetic Reprogramming and Oncogenic Signaling by Unlinking PRC1.1 from Target Genes. Blood cancer discovery 36 35015684
2017 Elevated PRC1 in gastric carcinoma exerts oncogenic function and is targeted by piperlongumine in a p53-dependent manner. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 36 28190297
2013 MAP65-1a positively regulates H2O2 amplification and enhances brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defence in maize. Journal of experimental botany 36 23956414
2017 Chitosan-coated doxorubicin nano-particles drug delivery system inhibits cell growth of liver cancer via p53/PRC1 pathway. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 29097204
2021 A Polycomb domain found in committed cells impairs differentiation when introduced into PRC1 in pluripotent cells. Molecular cell 32 34637753
2017 Kdm2b Regulates Somatic Reprogramming through Variant PRC1 Complex-Dependent Function. Cell reports 32 29166607
2018 SCL/TAL1 cooperates with Polycomb RYBP-PRC1 to suppress alternative lineages in blood-fated cells. Nature communications 31 30560907
2019 Mechanisms of the Ase1/PRC1/MAP65 family in central spindle assembly. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 30 31343816
2021 Variant PCGF1-PRC1 links PRC2 recruitment with differentiation-associated transcriptional inactivation at target genes. Nature communications 29 34504070
2020 SUMOylated PRC1 controls histone H3.3 deposition and genome integrity of embryonic heterochromatin. The EMBO journal 29 32395866
2017 MAP65-1 is required for the depolymerization and reorganization of cortical microtubules in the response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 28 28969791
2020 Functional loss of a noncanonical BCOR-PRC1.1 complex accelerates SHH-driven medulloblastoma formation. Genes & development 27 32820036
2016 Dual role of Med12 in PRC1-dependent gene repression and ncRNA-mediated transcriptional activation. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 27 27096886
2019 Phosphoregulation of the oncogenic protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) by the atypical CDK16/CCNY complex. Experimental & molecular medicine 26 30992425
2017 Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis PRC1 Confers Chemoresistance and Predicts an Unfavorable Postoperative Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Journal of Cancer 26 28382142
2017 Bivalent complexes of PRC1 with orthologs of BRD4 and MOZ/MORF target developmental genes in Drosophila. Genes & development 26 29070704
2024 Modularity of PRC1 composition and chromatin interaction define condensate properties. Molecular cell 25 38521066
2021 Independent domains for recruitment of PRC1 and PRC2 by human XIST. PLoS genetics 25 33750950
2019 Kinesin-6 Klp9 plays motor-dependent and -independent roles in collaboration with Kinesin-5 Cut7 and the microtubule crosslinker Ase1 in fission yeast. Scientific reports 23 31089172
2023 Aberrant gene activation in synovial sarcoma relies on SSX specificity and increased PRC1.1 stability. Nature structural & molecular biology 22 37735617
2021 Therapeutic targeting of the PLK1-PRC1-axis triggers cell death in genomically silent childhood cancer. Nature communications 22 34531368
2019 Microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 protects against severing by inhibiting the binding of katanin. Molecular biology of the cell 22 31017848
2023 Uncoupled evolution of the Polycomb system and deep origin of non-canonical PRC1. Communications biology 21 37949928
2021 Reprogramming CBX8-PRC1 function with a positive allosteric modulator. Cell chemical biology 21 34715055
2019 MYCN and PRC1 cooperatively repress docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in neuroblastoma via ELOVL2. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 21 31856871
2013 Microtubule organization by kinesin motors and microtubule crosslinking protein MAP65. Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal 21 23945219
2023 Targeted Degradation of PRC1 Components, BMI1 and RING1B, via a Novel Protein Complex Degrader Strategy. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 20 36737841
2020 The genetic basis for PRC1 complex diversity emerged early in animal evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20 32868440
2024 PRC1 directs PRC2-H3K27me3 deposition to shield adult spermatogonial stem cells from differentiation. Nucleic acids research 19 38142439
2018 Chromatin modulation and gene regulation in plants: insight about PRC1 function. Biochemical Society transactions 19 30065110
2016 The evolutionary landscape of PRC1 core components in green lineage. Planta 19 26729480
2020 ZFP36 Binds With PRC1 to Inhibit Tumor Growth and Increase 5-Fu Chemosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 17 32766276
2020 Structure and Role of BCOR PUFD in Noncanonical PRC1 Assembly and Disease. Biochemistry 16 32628469
2020 Ase1 domains dynamically slow anaphase spindle elongation and recruit Bim1 to the midzone. Molecular biology of the cell 16 32997572
2008 Latrunculin A delays anaphase onset in fission yeast by disrupting an Ase1-independent pathway controlling mitotic spindle stability. Molecular biology of the cell 16 18562692
2016 The Arabidopsis microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 supports infection by filamentous biotrophic pathogens by down-regulating salicylic acid-dependent defenses. Journal of experimental botany 15 26798028
2010 Tobacco microtubule-associated protein, MAP65-1c, bundles and stabilizes microtubules. Plant molecular biology 15 20878450
2020 PRC1 is a critical regulator for anaphase spindle midzone assembly and cytokinesis in mouse oocyte meiosis. The FEBS journal 14 33206458
2017 The microtubule-associated protein PRC1 is a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. Oncotarget 14 29435157
2014 Replicative stress induces intragenic transcription of the ASE1 gene that negatively regulates Ase1 activity. Current biology : CB 14 24768052