| 2000 |
SNIP1 is a nuclear protein containing an NLS and FHA domain. Its C-terminus interacts with Smad1 and Smad2, while its N-terminus binds both Smad4 and the coactivator CBP/p300. Endogenous SNIP1 co-immunoprecipitates with Smad4 and CBP/p300 in NMuMg cells, and in vitro binding was confirmed. Overexpression of SNIP1 or its N-terminus inhibits Smad4/p300 complex formation and suppresses TGF-β-induced transcriptional activation, identifying SNIP1 as a nuclear inhibitor of CBP/p300-dependent TGF-β signaling. |
Yeast two-hybrid, mammalian co-immunoprecipitation (endogenous and overexpression), in vitro binding assay, reporter gene assay, Xenopus developmental rescue experiments |
Genes & development |
High |
10887155
|
| 2001 |
SNIP1 inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity by competing with the NF-κB subunit RelA/p65 for binding to the C/H1 domain of CBP/p300. This inhibition is mediated by the N-terminal domain of SNIP1 and is selective: SNIP1 does not interfere with p53 (which binds other p300 domains) or CBP/p300-independent factors such as VP16. Immunohistochemistry showed co-localization of SNIP1 with RelA/p65 and p300 in specific tissues. |
Reporter gene assay, domain mapping (N-terminal SNIP1 constructs), competitive binding assay, immunohistochemistry |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11567019
|
| 2004 |
siRNA-mediated knockdown of SNIP1 in human cell lines causes G1 cell cycle arrest, reduced cell proliferation, and decreased cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels. SNIP1 depletion inhibits cyclin D1 promoter activity in a manner dependent on an AP-1 binding site. SNIP1 itself is induced by serum stimulation prior to cyclin D1 expression. An interaction with BRG1, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, was detected. These effects were independent of p53 and Rb. |
siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry (cell cycle analysis), RT-PCR, reporter gene assay, co-immunoprecipitation (SNIP1-BRG1) |
Oncogene |
High |
15378006
|
| 2006 |
SNIP1 associates with c-Myc via its C-terminus binding to the N-terminus of c-Myc, as identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed in mammalian cells. SNIP1 enhances c-Myc transcriptional activity by: (1) stabilizing c-Myc against proteasomal degradation, and (2) bridging the c-Myc/p300 complex. SNIP1 synergizes with c-Myc and H-Ras in oncogenic focus formation and anchorage-independent growth assays. |
Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, proteasomal degradation assay, in vitro transformation/focus formation assay, soft agar colony assay, tissue array co-staining |
Molecular cell |
High |
17157259
|
| 2007 |
SNIP1 is required for ATR checkpoint kinase-dependent signaling in human U-2 OS cells: SNIP1 depletion impairs p53 induction in response to UV irradiation and selectively reduces phosphorylation of ATR targets including p53, Chk1, and H2AX. SNIP1 is also required for ATR-dependent functions of the p14(ARF) tumor suppressor, including p14(ARF)-mediated modulation of RelA(p65) NF-κB activity. These functions are independent of SNIP1's role in regulating cyclin D1. |
siRNA knockdown, immunoblot for phosphorylation of ATR substrates (p53, Chk1, H2AX), UV irradiation treatment, reporter gene assay |
Oncogene |
Medium |
17260016
|
| 2008 |
The majority of nucleoplasmic SNIP1 resides in a complex (termed SNIP1/SkIP-associated RNA-processing complex, SSRC) containing SkIP, THRAP3, BCLAF1, and Pinin — proteins with roles in RNA processing and transcriptional regulation. SNIP1 does not primarily regulate cyclin D1 transcription but instead stabilizes cyclin D1 mRNA through a cotranscriptional or post-transcriptional mechanism. The SSRC complex is coordinately recruited to the 3' end of the cyclin D1 gene and to cyclin D1 RNA. SNIP1 is required for recruitment of the RNA processing factor U2AF65 to both the cyclin D1 gene and RNA. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (complex isolation), RNA co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), siRNA knockdown, mRNA stability assays |
Cancer research |
High |
18794151
|
| 2008 |
The yeast ortholog of SNIP1, Pml1, is a component of the RES splicing complex. X-ray crystallography revealed Pml1 consists mainly of an FHA domain. Mutation of the putative phosphothreonine-binding pocket of Pml1's FHA domain does not affect pre-mRNA splicing. Pml1 integrates into the RES complex by binding Snu17, which itself contacts Bud13; mutagenesis and truncation studies demarcated the binding sites within these subunits. |
X-ray crystallography, recombinant complex reconstitution, truncation and mutagenesis, alternative splice-site choice assay |
Nucleic acids research |
High |
19033360
|
| 2011 |
Overexpression of SNIP1-EGFP in HeLa cells shows nuclear localization with characteristic subnuclear distribution in speckles or larger discrete nuclear bodies. Overexpression of SNIP1 in HEK293 or H1299 cells strongly activates the HSE (heat shock element) signaling pathway reporter, and SNIP1 selectively regulates transcription of HSP70A1A and HSP27. |
Fluorescence microscopy (EGFP fusion), reporter gene assay (HSE-luciferase), RT-PCR (HSP70A1A, HSP27) |
Molecular and cellular biochemistry |
Low |
22020748
|
| 2018 |
SNIP1 physically interacts with TET2 DNA dioxygenase and bridges TET2 to bind the transcription factor c-MYC, as identified by mammalian two-hybrid screen and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. SNIP1 recruits TET2 to promoters of c-MYC target genes including those involved in DNA damage response. TET2-mediated protection from DNA damage-induced apoptosis requires SNIP1. |
Mammalian two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), siRNA knockdown, apoptosis assays (DNA damage) |
Cell reports |
High |
30404004
|
| 2021 |
SNIP1 inhibits ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc protein. The lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 interacts with SNIP1 (identified by RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry), and this interaction promotes stabilization of c-Myc, which in turn upregulates ZEB1, ZEB2, and SNAIL to enhance EMT and lung cancer metastasis. |
RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, in vivo lung metastasis model |
Signal transduction and targeted therapy |
Medium |
34168109
|
| 2021 |
A biallelic SNIP1 variant (p.Glu366Gly) in the Amish community causes an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. Gene transcript studies in affected individuals defined altered expression profiles of molecules with neurodevelopmental roles, confirming SNIP1's role in human spliceosome function and TGF-β signal transduction in vivo. |
Human genetic study (biallelic variant identification), gene expression profiling in affected individuals |
PLoS genetics |
Medium |
34570759
|
| 2022 |
SNIP1 is a non-histone substrate of the lysine methyltransferase KMT5A. KMT5A mono-methylates SNIP1 at K301. This methylation releases the histone acetyltransferase KAT2A from SNIP1, promotes interaction of c-MYC with KAT2A, and recruits the c-MYC/KAT2A complex to promoters of c-MYC targets. This cascade inhibits the Hippo kinase pathway and transcriptionally activates MARK4 to enhance TNBC metastasis. |
In vitro methylation assay, mass spectrometry (methylation site identification), co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, site-directed mutagenesis (K301), xenograft mouse model |
Nature communications |
High |
35449131
|
| 2023 |
SNIP1 is required for recruitment of PRC2 to target gene loci and for H3K27me3 turnover in neural progenitor cells. SNIP1-depleted mouse brains exhibit dysplasia with robust caspase 9-dependent apoptosis. Depletion of PRC2 is sufficient to reduce apoptosis and brain dysplasia in SNIP1-depleted brains, establishing a genetic epistasis where SNIP1 normally restricts PRC2 activity at survival/neurogenesis gene loci. |
Conditional knockout (in vivo), ChIP-seq (PRC2/H3K27me3 occupancy), epistasis (double depletion of SNIP1 and PRC2), caspase 9 apoptosis assay |
Nature communications |
High |
37553330
|
| 2023 |
MKRN1 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) ubiquitinates and degrades SNIP1. Loss of SNIP1 protein de-represses TGF-β signaling, promoting EMT in colorectal cancer cells. Intestinal conditional knockout of MKRN1 in mice reduces intestinal lesions and metastatic liver microlesions, consistent with the MKRN1/SNIP1/TGF-β axis driving metastasis. |
Ubiquitination assay, quantitative proteomics, ubiquitination modification omics, co-immunoprecipitation, conditional knockout mouse model, in vitro proliferation/invasion assays |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research |
High |
37620897
|
| 2023 |
SNIP1 forms a ternary complex with c-MYC and lncRNA BCAN-AS1 (via SNIP1 recognizing N6-methyladenosine modification on BCAN-AS1). This complex blocks SKP2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of c-MYC, thereby stabilizing c-MYC protein in pancreatic cancer cells. |
RNA pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, m6A modification detection, ubiquitination assay, mass spectrometry |
Cell death and differentiation |
Medium |
37726400
|
| 2024 |
SNIP1 SUMOylation is regulated by SENP1 deSUMOylation activity. The lncRNA MSC-AS1 binds SENP1 and blocks its deSUMOylation of SNIP1, thereby inhibiting SNIP1 activity and promoting EMT and intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (MSC-AS1/SENP1/SNIP1), SUMOylation assay, siRNA knockdown, in vivo mouse model (TNBS-induced colitis) |
International journal of biological macromolecules |
Medium |
38309408
|
| 2025 |
TET2 forms an inhibitory complex with HDAC1/2 and SNIP1 to suppress RUNX2 transcription at its P2 promoter in vascular smooth muscle cells; this function is independent of TET2's catalytic demethylase activity. SNIP1 is indispensable for TET2's interaction with HDAC1/2 (i.e., SNIP1 bridges TET2 to HDAC1/2), and knockdown of SNIP1 accelerates vascular calcification in mice. TET2 deacetylates H3K27ac at the RUNX2 P2 promoter through this complex. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (TET2/HDAC1/2/SNIP1 complex), enzymatic loss-of-function mutation of TET2, ChIP (H3K27ac), siRNA knockdown, in vivo mouse models (vitamin D3 and CKD diet) |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
40067382
|
| 2026 |
The FHA domain of SNIP1 directly recognizes phosphorylated SF3B1 (P-SF3B1), phosphorylated by CDK11 during spliceosome activation. This interaction promotes recruitment of the RES (retention and splicing) complex during spliceosome activation. Acute SNIP1 depletion disrupts RES complex incorporation into spliceosomes, causes widespread splicing defects, promotes hyperphosphorylation of SF3B1 by CDK11, and impairs cell viability. The neurodevelopmental disorder-associated SNIP1 E366G variant impairs P-SF3B1 binding, pre-mRNA splicing, and cell viability. |
Quantitative proteomics of chromatin-associated spliceosomes, iCLIP-seq, CDK11 inhibitor (OTS964) treatment, FHA domain mutagenesis (including E366G disease variant), acute SNIP1 depletion, splicing assays |
Nature communications |
High |
41904131
|