| 1999 |
PIKfyve (p235) is a mammalian lipid kinase that synthesizes PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 in vitro, displaying striking specificity for PtdIns over PI substrates; deletion mutant analysis showed that regions beyond the predicted catalytic domain are critical for enzymatic activity. |
In vitro kinase assay with recombinant protein expressed in COS cells, HPLC analysis of lipid products, deletion mutant analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10419465
|
| 2001 |
PIKfyve enzymatic activity is required for mammalian cell morphology and endomembrane homeostasis; kinase-dead PIKfyve(K1831E) causes dominant vacuolation of endosomal origin, and disruption of the FYVE-domain localization signal abolishes this phenotype, indicating that active PIKfyve at late endocytic membranes is essential. |
Dominant-negative kinase-dead mutant expression, fluorescence microscopy, cell viability assays, rescue with wild-type PIKfyve |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11285266
|
| 2001 |
PIKfyve localizes to late endocytic membranes via its FYVE domain binding to PtdIns3P; the FYVE domain is absolutely required for endosomal membrane targeting, and wortmannin treatment dissociates PIKfyve from endosomes; an additional low-affinity PtdIns3P-binding site exists in the catalytic domain. |
PtdIns3P liposome binding assays, FYVE domain mutagenesis, wortmannin treatment, fluorescence microscopy |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11706043
|
| 2002 |
PIKfyve is responsible for PtdIns5P biosynthesis in cellular contexts; expression of PIKfyve(WT) increases intracellular PtdIns5P, while dominant-negative PIKfyve(K1831E) decreases it; PtdIns5P levels decrease under hypo-osmotic stress, linking PIKfyve to the osmotic response pathway. |
32P-labeling, HPLC head-group analysis, in vitro type II PIP kinase conversion assay, dominant-negative expression in multiple cell types |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
12270933
|
| 2003 |
PIKfyve selectively regulates fluid-phase endocytosis and multivesicular body morphogenesis; kinase-dead PIKfyve impairs late uptake of horseradish peroxidase and disrupts MVB morphology (fewer internal vesicles), without affecting transferrin recycling, EGF receptor degradation, or cathepsin D sorting. |
Stable inducible cell lines, fluid-phase marker uptake, confocal microscopy with organelle markers, electron microscopy |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
14551253
|
| 2003 |
PIKfyve physically interacts with the Rab9 effector p40 via its chaperonin domain; enzymatically active PIKfyve promotes membrane attachment of p40 and phosphorylates it on serine residues, facilitating late endosome-to-TGN transport. |
Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, differential centrifugation, in vitro kinase assay, phosphoserine antibody |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
14530284
|
| 2004 |
PKB/Akt phosphorylates PIKfyve on Ser318, stimulating its PtdIns3P 5-kinase activity; this phosphorylation occurs in intact cells in response to insulin in a PI3K-dependent manner; overexpression of PIKfyve[S318A] in adipocytes enhances insulin-stimulated IRAP/GLUT4 vesicle translocation. |
In vitro kinase assay, phospho-specific antibodies, 3T3-L1 adipocyte translocation assay, site-directed mutagenesis |
Journal of cell science |
High |
15546921
|
| 2004 |
Human Vac14 (ArPIKfyve) is a positive regulator of PIKfyve enzymatic activity; it co-fractionates and co-localizes with PIKfyve, physically associates with it, and its siRNA-mediated knockdown reduces PIKfyve kinase activity and PtdIns(3,5)P2 production, causing endomembrane vacuolation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, in vitro kinase assay, 32P-labeling/HPLC, confocal microscopy |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
15542851
|
| 2006 |
PIKfyve is predominantly associated with early endosomal tubular and vesicular elements and regulates endosome-to-TGN retrograde transport; siRNA suppression of PIKfyve causes swollen endosomal structures and a clear defect in retrograde trafficking without affecting EGF receptor degradation or transferrin recycling. |
Live and fixed cell imaging, siRNA knockdown, receptor trafficking assays in HeLa cells |
Journal of cell science |
High |
16954148
|
| 2007 |
Sac3 (mammalian Fig4) forms a stable ternary complex with ArPIKfyve and PIKfyve; Sac3 preferentially hydrolyzes PtdIns(3,5)P2 in vitro; siRNA knockdown of Sac3 elevates PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels; reconstitution assays show Sac3 loss gains function in carrier vesicle formation while PIKfyve or ArPIKfyve depletion causes loss of function. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, co-fractionation, in vitro phosphatase assay, siRNA knockdown, 32P-labeling, in vitro vesicle formation reconstitution |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
17556371
|
| 2007 |
PIKfyve mediates HB-EGF-stimulated EGFR nuclear trafficking and EGFR binding to the cyclin D1 promoter; PIKfyve was identified as part of EGFR immune complexes by mass spectrometry, and siRNA silencing of PIKfyve blocks EGFR nuclear translocation and cell cycle progression. |
Mass spectrometry of EGFR immune complexes, siRNA knockdown, nuclear fractionation, chromatin immunoprecipitation |
Cancer research |
Medium |
17909029
|
| 2008 |
YM201636, a potent selective inhibitor of PIKfyve, blocks PtdIns(3,5)P2 production, causes accumulation of late endosomal compartments, and blocks retroviral budding; specificity confirmed by siRNA against PIKfyve and rescue with drug-resistant yeast Fab1 ortholog. |
Small-molecule inhibitor, siRNA knockdown, rescue with yeast Fab1, phosphoinositide measurements, cell biology assays |
EMBO reports |
High |
18188180
|
| 2008 |
PIKfyve interacts with the kinesin adapter JLP via the PIKfyve cpn60_TCP1 domain; both proteins are required for microtubule-based endosome-to-TGN transport of furin but not microtubule-independent Tac-TGN38 delivery. |
Yeast two-hybrid, pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, cargo trafficking assay, microinjection of interacting peptides |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
19056739
|
| 2009 |
PIKfyve-containing PAS complex: Sac3 assembled within the PIKfyve-ArPIKfyve-Sac3 core retains active PtdIns(3,5)P2 phosphatase activity; the cpn60_TCP1 domain of PIKfyve mediates ArPIKfyve-Sac3 subcomplex binding; kinase and phosphatase activities do not affect complex stability. |
Truncation and point mutants of all three proteins in triple-transfected COS cells, vacuolation assay as functional readout, biochemical binding analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
19840946
|
| 2009 |
PIKfyve regulates lysosomal targeting and degradation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel CaV1.2; NMDA receptor activation recruits PIKfyve to CaV1.2 channels, increases PtdIns(3,5)P2, and promotes CaV1.2 targeting to lysosomes; PIKfyve knockdown prevents CaV1.2 degradation and increases neuronal susceptibility to excitotoxicity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, live imaging, neuronal excitotoxicity assays, PtdIns(3,5)P2 measurements |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
19841139
|
| 2009 |
PIKfyve stimulates EAAT2 glutamate transporter activity and increases its membrane abundance; the effect requires Ser318 in the SGK1 phosphorylation consensus of PIKfyve, as S318A mutant abolishes PIKfyve's stimulatory effect. |
Xenopus oocyte expression, electrophysiology, confocal microscopy, site-directed mutagenesis (S318A) |
Cellular physiology and biochemistry |
Medium |
19910676
|
| 2010 |
PIKfyve is required for macropinosome-to-late endosome/lysosome fusion; disruption of PIKfyve (by interfering mutant, siRNA, or pharmacological inhibition) inhibits intracellular replication of Salmonella by blocking SCV maturation and SPI2-T3SS engagement. |
Dominant-negative mutant, siRNA, pharmacological inhibition, 4D videomicroscopy, Salmonella infection assay |
The EMBO journal |
High |
20300065
|
| 2012 |
In vivo, Pikfyve generates all of the PI(3,5)P2 pool and is also responsible for nearly all PI5P production, with PI5P generated directly from PI(3,5)P2 likely via 3'-phosphatase activity; demonstrated using a Pikfyve hypomorph mouse and shRNA silencing of residual transcript. |
Mouse hypomorph (gene trap), shRNA silencing in fibroblasts, phosphoinositide mass measurement in tissues |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
23047693
|
| 2012 |
PIKfyve-synthesized PtdIns5P mediates insulin-induced actin stress fiber disassembly, while PtdIns(3,5)P2 is responsible for cellular vacuolation; these two lipid products are functionally dissociable using differential dosing of YM201636. |
Differential-dose PIKfyve inhibitor (YM201636), HPLC phosphoinositide measurement, actin stress fiber imaging, GLUT4 translocation assay |
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology |
Medium |
22621786
|
| 2012 |
PtdIns5P produced via PIKfyve and MTMR3 promotes cell migration; PIKfyve and MTMR3 constitute a phosphoinositide loop generating PtdIns5P via PtdIns(3,5)P2; exogenous PtdIns5P or bacterial PtdIns5P-producing enzyme directly stimulates migration. |
siRNA screen, migration assays in tissue culture and Drosophila in vivo model, exogenous PtdIns5P addition, bacterial enzyme |
EMBO reports |
High |
23154468
|
| 2013 |
AKT phosphorylates and activates PIKfyve upon EGF stimulation, promoting vesicle trafficking of EGFR to lysosomes for degradation; in AKT-impaired cells EGFR accumulates in early endosomes with prolonged ERK/RSK signaling; similar regulation occurs for PDGFR. |
Kinase assay, phospho-specific antibodies, AKT inhibition, PIKfyve siRNA, receptor trafficking assays, dominant-negative approaches |
Science signaling |
High |
23757022
|
| 2013 |
AMPK phosphorylates PIKfyve at Ser307, promoting its translocation to endosomal membranes and PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis; this is required for contraction/AMPK-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. |
In vitro AMPK kinase assay, S307A mutant, subcellular fractionation, siRNA knockdown in myotubes, glucose uptake assay in muscle |
The Biochemical journal |
High |
23905686
|
| 2014 |
PIKfyve inhibition blocks phagosome maturation in macrophages by delaying PtdIns3P removal and reducing acquisition of LAMP1 and cathepsin D on phagosomes, impairing degradative capacity without affecting acidification. |
PIKfyve pharmacological inhibitors, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis assay, live imaging, immunofluorescence with lysosomal markers, degradation assays |
Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) |
High |
25041080
|
| 2014 |
PIKfyve is required for endolysosomal TLR-induced type I IFN production; PIKfyve inactivation induces expression of the transcriptional repressor ATF3, which binds the IFN promoter and blocks transcription; this is independent of receptor/ligand trafficking. |
PIKfyve pharmacological inhibition and genetic inactivation, ATF3 expression analysis, IFN promoter binding assay, chromatin IP |
Journal of immunology |
Medium |
24600036
|
| 2015 |
APP (amyloid precursor protein) directly binds Vac14 via its intracellular domain and associates with the PIKfyve complex (Vac14/PIKfyve/Fig4); APP binding drives formation of PI(3,5)P2-positive vesicles; APP family members are required for PIKfyve function; PIKfyve complex is required for APP trafficking. |
Proteo-liposome interactome assay, GST pulldown with purified Vac14, co-immunoprecipitation, C. elegans genetic epistasis, PI(3,5)P2 vesicle formation assay |
Cellular and molecular life sciences |
High |
26216398
|
| 2016 |
PIKfyve inhibition increases exosome secretion and induces secretory autophagy by impairing fusion of lysosomes with MVBs and autophagosomes; inhibition leads to more MVBs with more intraluminal vesicles and accumulation of autophagy proteins (LC3, p62, NBR1) in exosomal fractions. |
Apilimod treatment and siRNA, quantitative electron microscopy, mass spectrometry of exosomal fractions, density gradient fractionation, long-lived protein degradation assay |
Cellular and molecular life sciences |
High |
27438886
|
| 2016 |
PIKfyve inhibition leads to lysosome enlargement primarily through lysosome coalescence (fusion over fission) rather than biosynthesis; PIKfyve inhibition activates TFEB/TFE3/MITF but this does not contribute to acute swelling; conditions reducing fusion curtail lysosome enlargement. |
Live imaging, organelle counting, fusion/fission dynamics analysis, TFEB/TFE3/MITF reporter assays, TFEB/TFE3 knockout |
Journal of cell science |
High |
29661845
|
| 2016 |
PIKfyve regulates vacuole size and nutrient recovery during macropinocytosis, entosis, and phagocytosis through its downstream effector TRPML1 (cationic transporter); PIKfyve activity protects Ras-mutant cells from starvation-induced death. |
PIKfyve inhibitors, TRPML1 genetic manipulation, vacuole size measurement, nutrient recovery assay, starvation survival assay |
Developmental cell |
Medium |
27623384
|
| 2017 |
Apilimod's cytotoxic activity is driven specifically by PIKfyve inhibition; a resistance mutation in the PIKfyve kinase domain confers apilimod resistance; a genome-wide CRISPR screen identified lysosomal genes and TFEB as determinants of apilimod sensitivity, supporting lysosome dysfunction as the major cytotoxic mechanism. |
Biochemical target validation, kinase domain resistance mutation, genome-wide CRISPR screen, siRNA knockdown |
Blood |
High |
28104689
|
| 2017 |
PIKfyve is acylated by zDHHC9 and zDHHC21 acyltransferases; prion infection or UPR disturbs juxtavesicular acyltransferase topology causing PIKfyve deacylation, rapid degradation, and endolysosomal hypertrophy; overexpression of acyltransferases or PI(3,5)P2 supplementation suppresses prion-induced vacuolation. |
Acylation assay, zDHHC knockdown/overexpression, UPR induction, mouse/organotypic brain slice infection models, rescue with PI(3,5)P2 |
EMBO molecular medicine |
High |
34291577
|
| 2017 |
PIKfyve coordinates neutrophil immune response through activation of Rac GTPase; PIKfyve inhibition blocks chemotaxis, ROS production, and Rac activation, while phagosome-lysosome fusion block can be partially rescued by TRPML1 agonists or Ca2+ ionophores. |
Human and mouse neutrophils, PIKfyve inhibitors, Rac activation assay, chemotaxis assay, ROS measurement, phagosome maturation assay, Ca2+ ionophore rescue |
Journal of immunology |
Medium |
28779020
|
| 2018 |
PIKfyve promotes MHC class II antigen presentation by facilitating cathepsin S activity; PIKfyve inhibition delays phagosome-to-lysosome conversion and acidification, increases ROS, which reduces cathepsin S and B activity, impairing invariant chain processing and MHC class II presentation. |
PIKfyve inhibitors, cathepsin activity assay, phagosome maturation assay, novel bio-orthogonal antigen presentation assay, T cell activation assay |
iScience |
Medium |
30612035
|
| 2020 |
The PIKfyve complex comprises five copies of Vac14 scaffolding protein and one copy each of PIKfyve kinase and Fig4 phosphatase; Fig4 is active as a lipid phosphatase within the complex while PIKfyve cannot access membrane-incorporated phosphoinositides due to steric constraints; PIKfyve autophosphorylation represses its lipid kinase activity and stimulates Fig4 phosphatase; Fig4 acts as a protein phosphatase on PIKfyve to stimulate its lipid kinase activity. |
Cryo-EM structure, structural-biochemical analysis, in vitro phosphatase and kinase assays, mutagenesis |
Molecular cell |
High |
33098764
|
| 2020 |
Pharmacological inhibition of PIKfyve with apilimod or vacuolin-1 blocks content release and infection by VSV-ZEBOV and SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with late endosomal trafficking required for viral entry. |
Chimeric VSV with ebolavirus/SARS-CoV-2 envelope proteins, live SARS-CoV-2 infection assay, apilimod and vacuolin-1 treatment, content release imaging |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
32764148
|
| 2021 |
ULK1 activated by AMPK during glucose starvation phosphorylates PIKfyve on Ser1548, increasing PIKfyve activity and PI(5)P synthesis (without changing PI(3,5)P2 levels); this promotes PI(5)P-containing autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. |
In vitro kinase assay (ULK1 phosphorylating PIKfyve), phosphomimetic S1548D mutant, phosphoinositide measurements, autophagy flux assays in multiple cell lines |
Developmental cell |
High |
34107300
|
| 2021 |
PIKfyve inhibition activates an unconventional protein clearance mechanism involving exocytosis of aggregation-prone proteins, ameliorating ALS pathology in motor neurons from C9ORF72, TARDBP, FUS, and sporadic ALS models. |
Pharmacological PIKfyve inhibition, patient-derived iPSC motor neurons, ALS mouse models, exocytosis assays for aggregated proteins |
Cell |
Medium |
36754049
|
| 2022 |
PIKfyve inhibition selectively blocks mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of TFEB at Ser-211 without impairing mTORC1 activity toward other substrates; PI(3,5)P2 depletion prevents mTORC1 access to TFEB; PP2A (not calcineurin) dephosphorylates TFEB Ser-211 when PIKfyve is inhibited, enabling TFEB nuclear localization. |
mTORC1 substrate phosphorylation profiling, PP2A and calcineurin inhibitors, TFEB nuclear localization assay, mTORC1-TFEB interaction assay |
Molecular biology of the cell |
Medium |
35020443
|
| 2022 |
PIKfyve and its upstream PI3-kinase VPS34 coordinate a phosphoinositide cascade to regulate Retriever-mediated recycling of integrins from endosomes; PIKfyve inhibition displaces Retriever and CCC complexes from endosomes; endogenous PIKfyve co-localizes with SNX17, Retriever, WASH, and CCC on endosomes. |
Co-localization of endogenous proteins, PIKfyve inhibition, Retriever/CCC displacement assay, integrin recycling assay, VPS34 epistasis |
eLife |
High |
35040777
|
| 2023 |
PIKfyve is recruited to phagosomes and macropinosomes and PI(3,5)P2 accumulates 3 min after engulfment; PIKfyve activation stimulates its own dissociation from the membrane; retention of PI(3,5)P2 differs between phagosomes and macropinosomes indicating pathway-specific regulation. |
Novel PI(3,5)P2 reporter (SnxA), live imaging in Dictyostelium and mammalian cells, PIKfyve recruitment vs. activity dissection |
The Journal of cell biology |
Medium |
37382666
|
| 2000 |
PIKfyve protein and enzymatic activity are found in cytosol (~76%), low-density microsomal fraction (~20%), and plasma membrane (~4%) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes; PIKfyve associates with TGN/MVB markers rather than recycling endosomes; insulin recruits cytosolic PIKfyve to intracellular membranes with a concomitant increase in lipid kinase activity. |
Subcellular fractionation, immunoadsorption, density gradient sedimentation, fluorescence microscopy, immunokinase assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11112776
|
| 2001 |
PIKfyve physically associates with class IA PI3-kinase (p85/p110) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; insulin specifically activates class IA PI3-K within PIKfyve immune complexes independently of IRS protein tyrosine phosphorylation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro PI3K kinase assay in immune complexes, wortmannin/Triton sensitivity, insulin stimulation |
Molecular and cellular endocrinology |
Medium |
11476939
|
| 2011 |
NPM-ALK tyrosine kinase physically associates with PIKfyve, activates its lipid kinase activity through tyrosine kinase activity (complex formation is kinase-independent), and PIKfyve promotes NPM-ALK-mediated cell invasion and MMP9 surface localization/maturation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, PIKfyve lipid kinase assay, siRNA, YM201636 inhibition, invasion assay, immunofluorescence |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
21737449
|
| 2015 |
Class III PI3K (Vps34) is the main source of PtdIns3P for both PIKfyve enzymatic activity and membrane recruitment; Vps34 knockout in podocytes causes vacuolation through PIKfyve dysfunction, as PIKfyve overexpression rescues the vacuolation in PIKfyve-KO MEFs but not in Vps34-KO podocytes. |
Conditional Vps34 and Pikfyve knockout cells, HPLC phosphoinositide profiling, PtdIns3P biosensor, rescue experiments |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
High |
25619930
|
| 2015 |
PIKfyve activity is required for TLR9 trafficking to the LAMP1+ endosomal compartment for type I IFN signaling; PIKfyve inhibition blocks AP-3 recruitment to TLR9 endosomes while leaving VAMP3+ endosome trafficking intact. |
PIKfyve inhibitor treatment, confocal microscopy with TLR9/CpG/compartment markers, FLT3L-bone marrow DCs, RAW264.7 cells |
International immunology |
Medium |
25170925
|
| 2019 |
PIKfyve activity is required for efficient V-ATPase and hydrolase delivery to phagosomes in Dictyostelium; PIKfyve-null cells fail to acidify phagosomes and cannot kill bacteria, making them more susceptible to Legionella infection. |
PIKfyve gene disruption in Dictyostelium, phagosome acidification assay, protease delivery assay, bacterial killing assay, Legionella infection |
PLoS pathogens |
High |
30730983
|
| 2021 |
PIKfyve inhibition reduces tau aggregate trafficking into lysosomes and reduces tau seeding in neurons; PIKfyve functions downstream of Rac1 in the endocytic mechanism by which tau aggregates are internalized and routed to lysosomes. |
PIKfyve pharmacological inhibition, siRNA, Rac1 genetic manipulation, fluorescence-based tau seeding assay in neurons |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
33831417
|