Affinage

PIGR

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor · UniProt P01833

Length
764 aa
Mass
83.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
78 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PIGR encodes the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on mucosal epithelial cells that mediates unidirectional basolateral-to-apical transcytosis of J chain-containing polymeric IgA and IgM, thereby delivering secretory immunoglobulins to mucosal surfaces and maintaining barrier immunity (PMID:9767462, PMID:20525015, PMID:36690432). Transcytosis proceeds through EEA1-positive early endosomes and Rab11a-positive recycling endosomes, with TRIM21-dependent polyubiquitination of Rab11-FIP1 and Rab11-FIP5 promoting cargo delivery to the apical membrane; ligand binding activates phospholipase C/IP3 signaling, though species-specific calcium sensitivity determines whether pIgA accelerates transit (PMID:34638806, PMID:11169207, PMID:20525015). PIGR expression is regulated by cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TGF-β), hormones (prolactin, glucocorticoids), and retinoic acid, and is predominantly produced by secretory (club) cells in small airways (PMID:9649586, PMID:20706611, PMID:35687143, PMID:12047104). Beyond canonical mucosal immunity, pIgR serves as an endothelial adhesion receptor exploited by Streptococcus pneumoniae for blood–brain barrier invasion, is targeted for downregulation by SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 to evade mucosal immunity, and when carried on extracellular vesicles activates PDK1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling to promote hepatocellular carcinoma stemness (PMID:28515075, PMID:39066171, PMID:34922977).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Establishing that pIgR expression is not constitutive but subject to paracrine regulation by neighboring cells showed that mucosal IgA transport capacity is dynamically tuned by the tissue microenvironment.

    Evidence Co-culture of uterine stromal and epithelial cells with conditioned-medium transfer and immunohistochemistry

    PMID:9234210

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of soluble suppressive factor(s) not determined
    • Signaling pathway mediating suppression unknown
  2. 1998 High

    Demonstrating that J chain is absolutely required for pIgR binding and transcytosis resolved a longstanding question about what distinguishes pIgA competent for mucosal transport from that which is not.

    Evidence SC-binding assay, rat bile transport in vivo, and polarized MDCK transcytosis for J chain-positive versus J chain-negative pIgA

    PMID:9767462

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of J chain-dependent recognition not resolved
    • Stoichiometry of J chain per polymeric IgA needed for binding not tested
  3. 1998 Medium

    Identifying retinoic acid as a necessary cofactor for cytokine-induced PIGR upregulation linked nutritional (vitamin A) status to mucosal immune defense capacity.

    Evidence Vitamin A-depleted HT-29 cultures with IL-4/IFN-γ stimulation, dose-response retinoic acid rescue, RT-PCR and flow cytometry

    PMID:9649586

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether retinoic acid acts through RAR/RXR elements in the PIGR promoter was not tested
    • In vivo relevance in vitamin A deficiency not established
  4. 2001 High

    Showing that pIgA binding triggers IP3/PKC signaling at the human pIgR yet fails to accelerate human transcytosis — unlike rabbit pIgR — pinpointed species-specific calcium sensitivity as the divergent regulatory step in receptor trafficking.

    Evidence Continuous SC-release assay in MDCK/Calu-3 cells expressing human or rabbit pIgR, IP3 measurement, PMA and ionomycin pharmacology

    PMID:11169207

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular determinant in human pIgR cytoplasmic tail conferring calcium insensitivity not mapped
    • Physiological significance of species difference in vivo unclear
  5. 2002 Medium

    Demonstrating prolactin and glucocorticoid dependence of PIGR mRNA in mammary gland extended the regulatory framework beyond cytokines to endocrine control during lactation.

    Evidence Bromocryptine-mediated prolactin blockade and hormonal induction in sheep mammary gland, Northern blot and in situ hybridization

    PMID:12047104

    Open questions at the time
    • Prolactin-responsive cis-elements in PIGR promoter not identified
    • Whether prolactin regulation is conserved in human mammary epithelium not tested
  6. 2010 High

    Live imaging of pIgR/pIgA transit through EEA1+ early and Rab11a+ recycling endosomes, with sorting away from basolateral recycling endosomes, defined the intracellular itinerary that ensures unidirectional transcytosis.

    Evidence Confocal live-cell imaging, pulse-chase co-localization with endosomal markers, microtubule depolymerization in MDCK cells co-expressing pIgR and FcRn

    PMID:20525015

    Open questions at the time
    • Sorting signal on pIgR cytoplasmic tail directing exit from common endosomes not mapped
    • Role of adaptor proteins at endosomal sorting step not determined
  7. 2010 Medium

    Identifying TGF-β/p38 MAPK as the neutrophil-derived pathway that upregulates pIgR revealed how innate immune cells amplify mucosal antibody transport, and that loss of this balance contributes to COPD pathology.

    Evidence Neutrophil-epithelial co-culture with TGF-β neutralization and p38 MAPK inhibition, SC secretion measurement in Calu-3 cells

    PMID:20706611

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether neutrophil-derived TGF-β acts directly on PIGR promoter or indirectly not resolved
    • In vivo validation in COPD patient tissue limited
  8. 2014 Medium

    Discovering that S. pneumoniae co-localizes with and physically interacts with pIgR on brain microvascular endothelial cells revealed an unexpected non-canonical role for pIgR as a pathogen adhesion receptor at the blood–brain barrier.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence of mouse brain after IV pneumococcal infection, antibody blocking of adhesion in vitro, pulldown from endothelial lysates

    PMID:24841255

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific pneumococcal ligand mediating pIgR binding not identified in this study
    • Whether pIgR engagement triggers endothelial signaling or passive internalization unknown
  9. 2017 High

    Identifying RrgA (pilus adhesin) and PspC as the specific pneumococcal ligands for pIgR on BBB endothelium and showing that anti-pIgR antibodies prevent meningitis established pIgR as a druggable entry receptor for CNS invasion.

    Evidence STED super-resolution microscopy, anti-pIgR/PECAM-1 antibody blocking in bacteremia-derived meningitis mouse model, pulldown with endothelial lysates

    PMID:28515075

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of RrgA–pIgR interaction not determined
    • Whether pIgR mediates actual transcytosis of bacteria across BBB endothelium versus adhesion alone is unclear
  10. 2021 High

    Identifying Rab11-FIP1 as a pIgR interactor and showing that TRIM21-mediated K11/K6-linked polyubiquitination of FIP1/FIP5 promotes pIgA transcytosis provided the first mechanistic link between ubiquitin signaling and the transcytotic sorting machinery.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown of FIP1/FIP5, ubiquitination assays, transcytosis in polarized and incompletely polarized cells

    PMID:34638806

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM21 ubiquitinates FIP1/FIP5 constitutively or in response to pIgA binding is unclear
    • Deubiquitinase counteracting TRIM21 not identified
  11. 2021 High

    Demonstrating that extracellular vesicle-associated pIgR activates PDK1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling to promote cancer stemness uncovered a gain-of-function oncogenic role for pIgR outside its canonical transcytosis function.

    Evidence EV isolation from HCC patients, patient-derived tumor xenografts, Akt/β-catenin inhibitor rescue, anti-pIgR neutralizing antibody blockade

    PMID:34922977

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which pIgR on EV surface activates PDK1 not established
    • Whether EV-pIgR requires a ligand or signals constitutively is unknown
  12. 2022 High

    Cell-type-specific knockout established club (secretory) cells as the predominant pIgR-producing cell in small airways and showed that COPD-associated SIgA loss results from post-transcriptional pIgR downregulation rather than cell loss.

    Evidence scRNA-seq, RNA ISH, immunostaining, secretory and ciliated cell-specific pIgR knockout mice

    PMID:35687143

    Open questions at the time
    • Post-transcriptional mechanism reducing pIgR protein in COPD not identified
    • Whether this applies to large airways or other mucosal sites unknown
  13. 2022 Medium

    Identifying M1 macrophage-derived IL-1β as a major driver of PIGR upregulation in breast cancer cells connected innate inflammatory signaling to pIgR-dependent IgA transport in the tumor microenvironment.

    Evidence M1/M2 conditioned media, recombinant cytokines, IL-1 receptor blockade in MDA-MB468 cells

    PMID:36207349

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcription factor linking IL-1R to PIGR promoter not determined
    • Functional consequence for anti-tumor immunity not tested in vivo
  14. 2023 High

    Demonstrating that hepatic pIgR transports IgA to limit bacterial translocation and that AAV-mediated re-expression rescues ethanol-induced liver disease established pIgR as a non-redundant guardian of the gut–liver immune axis.

    Evidence pIgR-KO mice with chronic-binge ethanol model, AAV8-mediated hepatic rescue, LPS/bacterial burden measurement

    PMID:36690432

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether hepatic pIgR directly transports IgA into bile canaliculi or acts indirectly not fully dissected
    • Contribution of secretory component cleavage versus intact receptor in hepatocyte transcytosis not addressed
  15. 2024 Medium

    Showing that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 binds and downregulates pIgR, reducing dIgA and IgM binding, identified a specific viral immune evasion mechanism targeting mucosal antibody transport.

    Evidence ORF8–pIgR interaction studies, pIgR expression and dIgA/pIgM binding assays, variant ORF8 comparison

    PMID:39066171

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of ORF8-induced pIgR downregulation (degradation vs. transcriptional) not determined
    • In vivo relevance in SARS-CoV-2 infection not demonstrated
  16. 2025 Medium

    Bone marrow transplant showing that hematopoietic PIGR deficiency reduces AAA incidence revealed an unexpected function for pIgR in macrophage-driven vascular inflammation.

    Evidence Bone marrow transplant into Ldlr−/− mice with angiotensin II-induced AAA, macrophage polarization assays

    PMID:40624587

    Open questions at the time
    • Ligand and signaling mechanism of pIgR in macrophages unknown
    • Whether macrophage pIgR functions in transcytosis or as a signaling receptor not addressed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The structural basis of pIgR's interaction with J chain-containing polymeric Ig, the mechanism by which pIgR is sorted from recycling to apical endosomes, and the non-canonical signaling roles of pIgR in cancer and vascular inflammation remain incompletely understood.
  • No high-resolution structure of pIgR–pIgA–J chain complex available
  • Post-transcriptional mechanism of pIgR downregulation in COPD undefined
  • Ligand and function of pIgR in macrophages and other non-epithelial cells uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0038024 cargo receptor activity 4 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 3 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 2
Partners
PECAM1RAB11ARAB11FIP1RAB11FIP5TRIM21

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 J chain is required for pIgR-mediated transcytosis of polymeric IgA: J chain-lacking pIgA (pIgA-L) failed to bind secretory component (SC) in vitro, was not transported into rat bile after intravenous injection, and was not transcytosed apically by polarized MDCK cells expressing human pIgR, whereas J chain-containing pIgA preparations were efficiently transported in both systems. In vitro SC-binding assay, in vivo rat hepatocyte transcytosis (bile transport after IV injection), polarized MDCK cell monolayer transcytosis assay Immunology High 9767462
2001 Binding of polymeric IgA to human pIgR induces IP3 production (phospholipase C activation) but does not stimulate transcytosis, in contrast to rabbit pIgR where pIgA binding accelerates transcytosis. PKC activator (PMA) accelerates transcytosis of both species' pIgR, but ionomycin (mimicking calcium increase) stimulates only rabbit pIgR transcytosis, indicating that the species difference is due to differential sensitivity of pIgR to intracellular calcium rather than defective second messenger production. Continuous apical SC release assay in polarized MDCK and Calu-3 cells expressing human or rabbit pIgR, IP3 production measurement, pharmacological manipulation (PMA, ionomycin) Scandinavian journal of immunology High 11169207
2010 pIgR-mediated transcytosis of pIgA (basolateral-to-apical) is strongly unidirectional; pIgA traffics through early (EEA1-positive) and recycling (Rab11a-positive) endosomes and is sorted away from transferrin-positive common/basolateral recycling endosomes at later time points. Microtubule depolymerization equivalently impairs both pIgR/pIgA and FcRn/IgG trafficking routes. Fluorescence confocal microscopy, pulse-chase experiments, live-cell imaging, microtubule depolymerization, co-expression of pIgR and FcRn in MDCK cells Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) High 20525015
2017 The pneumococcal pilus-1 adhesin RrgA binds both pIgR and PECAM-1 on blood-brain barrier endothelium, while choline-binding protein PspC binds pIgR to a lesser extent. Antibodies against pIgR and PECAM-1 prevent pneumococcal entry into the brain and meningitis development in a bacteremia-derived meningitis mouse model. STED super-resolution microscopy of brain biopsies, in vitro antibody blocking, bacteremia-derived meningitis mouse model with mutant mice, incubation of pneumococci with endothelial cell lysates (pulldown) The Journal of experimental medicine High 28515075
2014 S. pneumoniae co-localizes with and physically interacts with pIgR on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BBB) in vivo. Blocking pIgR with antibodies reduces pneumococcal adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro; bacteria physically interact with pIgR in endothelial cell lysates. S. pneumoniae does not co-localize with PAFR. Immunofluorescent analysis of mouse brain tissue in vivo (IV infection model), in vitro antibody blocking, incubation of pneumococci with endothelial cell lysates PloS one Medium 24841255
2021 Rab11-FIP1 is a novel pIgR interacting protein; Rab11-FIP1 and Rab11-FIP5 cooperatively facilitate pIgR/pIgA transcytosis. TRIM21 mediates K11-linked polyubiquitination of Rab11-FIP1 and K6-linked polyubiquitination of Rab11-FIP5 to promote their activation and pIgA transcytosis. In incompletely polarized cells, endocytosed pIgR/pIgA is transported from basolateral membrane to the vicinity of the centrosome where Rab11-FIP1 and Rab11-FIP5 bind it, before transport to apical membrane via Golgi apparatus. Co-immunoprecipitation (pulldown), siRNA knockdown of Rab11-FIP1/FIP5, pIgA transcytosis assay in polarized and incompletely polarized cells, ubiquitination assays International journal of molecular sciences High 34638806
2021 EV-pIgR (pIgR enriched in extracellular vesicles from late-stage HCC patients) promotes cancer stemness and tumorigenesis in recipient cells via activation of the PDK1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling axis. This effect is abrogated by Akt and β-catenin inhibitors and by anti-pIgR neutralizing antibody. EV isolation and characterization, in vitro functional assays, in vivo patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX), Akt/β-catenin inhibitor treatment, anti-pIgR neutralizing antibody blockade, proteomic analysis Journal of hepatology High 34922977
2023 Hepatic pIgR transports IgA across the epithelial barrier into intestinal lumen and hepatic canaliculi, thereby limiting bacterial translocation and preventing ethanol-induced liver disease. pIgR-deficient mice showed increased liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, elevated plasma LPS, and more hepatic bacteria after ethanol feeding. AAV8-mediated hepatic re-expression of pIgR in pIgR-deficient mice increased intestinal IgA levels and ameliorated steatohepatitis by reducing bacterial translocation. pIgR-deficient mouse model, chronic-binge ethanol feeding model (NIAAA), AAV8-mediated hepatic pIgR re-expression, non-absorbable antibiotic treatment, IgA ELISA, LPS measurement, histology Gut High 36690432
1998 Vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is required for regulation of pIgR expression by IL-4 and IFN-γ in human intestinal epithelial cells. Vitamin A-depleted conditions significantly reduced the upregulation of pIgR by cytokines; RA restored pIgR mRNA and cell-surface protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin A-depleted cell culture, flow cytometry for cell-surface pIgR, RT-PCR for pIgR mRNA in HT-29 cells, dose-response with retinoic acid The Journal of nutrition Medium 9649586
2010 Neutrophils upregulate epithelial pIgR/secretory component (SC) production through a TGF-β-mediated pathway dependent on redox balance and p38 MAP kinase activation; elastase inhibitor SLPI favors this upregulation. This is counterbalanced by neutrophil-mediated SC degradation, and an imbalance between these two mechanisms may lead to net downregulation as seen in severe COPD. Co-culture of neutrophils with Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells, measurement of SC production, TGF-β neutralization, p38 MAPK inhibitor, redox perturbation, SLPI treatment Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology Medium 20706611
2022 Secretory cells (club cells) are the predominant cell type responsible for pIgR expression in human and murine small airways, established by RNA in situ hybridization, immunostaining, single-cell RNA sequencing, and transgenic mice with secretory or ciliated cell-specific knockout of pIgR. Loss of SIgA in small airways of COPD patients is not due to loss of secretory cells but to reduced pIgR protein despite intact PIGR mRNA. RNA in situ hybridization, immunostaining, single-cell RNA sequencing, transgenic mice with cell-specific pIgR knockout, primary murine tracheal epithelial cell culture American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 35687143
2022 M1 macrophage-secreted IL-1β is the major cytokine driving increased PIGR expression in MDA-MB468 breast cancer cells. This was confirmed by IL-1 receptor blockade, which abrogated the M1 macrophage conditioned media-induced PIGR upregulation. M1/M2 macrophage conditioned media treatment, recombinant cytokine treatment, IL-1 receptor blockade, RT-qPCR, Western blotting in breast cancer cell lines Scientific reports Medium 36207349
2024 SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein ORF8 interacts with pIgR and potently downregulates pIgR expression, thereby diminishing binding of dimeric IgA (dIgA) and pentameric IgM to pIgR. Secreted ORF8 binds cell-surface pIgR but does not trigger cellular internalization of ORF8 (which requires dIgA binding to pIgR). ORF8 proteins from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern preserve this pIgR downregulation activity. Interaction studies between ORF8 and pIgR, pIgR expression assay after ORF8 expression, dIgA/pIgM binding assays, cell internalization assay Viruses Medium 39066171
2001 A microsatellite-containing fragment from the 3'-UTR of the rat Pigr gene functions as a position- and orientation-dependent regulator of gene expression. In supercoiled plasmids, the fragment attenuates reporter gene expression when in 3'-UTR or 3'-flanking position and stimulates expression in 5'-flanking position. The effects depend on DNA supercoiling and correlate with altered mRNA levels (5' and 3' flanking) or control mRNA with altered translation efficiency (3'-UTR position). The fragment shows intramolecular triplex-forming properties. Transient transfection luciferase reporter assay, cell-free translation, nuclease S1/P1 hypersensitivity, gel mobility assays, plasmid linearization Physiological genomics Medium 11242589
2016 Chlamydial infection of human epithelial cells upregulates pIgR expression and enhances transcytosis of IgA into the lumen in both male and female reproductive tracts in vivo and in vitro. Hormone cycling affects pIgR expression, with highest expression during estrus and lowest during diestrus or after hormonal synchronization with Depo-Provera. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, in vitro infection of human epithelia, in vivo mouse reproductive tract infection model American journal of reproductive immunology Medium 27868280
2002 pIgR expression in sheep mammary gland is regulated by prolactin and glucocorticoids. Hormonal treatment with estradiol, progesterone, and glucocorticoids increases pIgR mRNA levels, and blocking prolactin secretion with bromocryptine abolishes the increase in pIgR mRNA during the hormonal induction protocol. Northern blot, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, hormonal treatment, bromocryptine-mediated prolactin blockade in sheep The Journal of dairy research Medium 12047104
1997 Uterine stromal cells suppress pIgR production by uterine epithelial cells through soluble factors: co-culture with stromal cells or stromal cell-conditioned supernatants decreased epithelial pIgR production as shown by immunohistochemistry, while epithelial cell viability was maintained. Co-culture assay (stromal and epithelial cells), conditioned supernatant treatment, immunohistochemistry, transepithelial resistance measurement Journal of reproductive immunology Medium 9234210
2025 PIGR deficiency in hematopoietic cells reduces abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) incidence and decreases macrophage infiltration in the AAA wall, as demonstrated by bone marrow transplantation experiments in an experimental mouse AAA model. PIGR mRNA is expressed by macrophages and is upregulated in M1-polarized macrophages compared to M2 macrophages. Bone marrow transplantation in Ldlr-/- mice with angiotensin II-induced AAA, Q-PCR, ELISA, macrophage polarization in THP-1 cells, immunohistochemistry Journal of translational medicine Medium 40624587
2025 LINC00870 binds specifically to PIGR and inhibits glycosylation modification and secretion of the extracellular region of PIGR, leading to immune dysregulation and imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Inhibition of either PIGR or LINC00870 overcomes imatinib resistance. RNA-protein binding assay, overexpression/knockdown functional assays, glycosylation analysis, imatinib resistance assays in GIST cell lines Heliyon Low 39968132
2023 In ovarian cancer cells, pIgR-mediated transcytosis of IgA is accompanied by upregulation of IFN-gamma and downregulation of tumor-promoting ephrins, indicating that both pIgR levels and transcytosed IgA affect intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways in cancer cells. Transcriptional analysis of ovarian cancer cells following IgA transcytosis (cited as findings within the review paper, referencing prior studies) Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology Low 37897659

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 78 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 Regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and IgA transport: new advances in environmental factors that stimulate pIgR expression and its role in mucosal immunity. Mucosal immunology 264 21956244
2017 pIgR and PECAM-1 bind to pneumococcal adhesins RrgA and PspC mediating bacterial brain invasion. The Journal of experimental medicine 92 28515075
2021 Patient pIgR-enriched extracellular vesicles drive cancer stemness, tumorigenesis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of hepatology 73 34922977
2008 Expression of the polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor (pIgR) in mucosal tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish & shellfish immunology 63 18356080
2011 Sputum proteomics identifies elevated PIGR levels in smokers and mild-to-moderate COPD. Journal of proteome research 49 22053820
2014 Differential expression and ligand binding indicate alternative functions for zebrafish polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and a family of pIgR-like (PIGRL) proteins. Immunogenetics 46 24469064
2013 Deletion of pigR gene in Monascus ruber leads to loss of pigment production. Biotechnology letters 45 23690031
2009 Regionalization of pIgR expression in the mucosa of mouse small intestine. Immunology letters 41 19925828
2015 Characterization of IgM-binding protein: A pIgR-like molecule expressed by intestinal epithelial cells in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 34 26166176
1998 Lack of SC/pIgR-mediated epithelial transport of a human polymeric IgA devoid of J chain: in vitro and in vivo studies. Immunology 32 9767462
2021 Porcine Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Intestinal Immunoglobulin Production through pIgR. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 30 34073819
1998 Vitamin A is required for regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression by interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in a human intestinal epithelial cell line. The Journal of nutrition 28 9649586
2021 Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) exerts oncogenic functions via activating ribosome pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. International journal of medical sciences 27 33390805
2014 Streptococcus pneumoniae Interacts with pIgR expressed by the brain microvascular endothelium but does not co-localize with PAF receptor. PloS one 27 24841255
2010 Comparison of FcRn- and pIgR-mediated transport in MDCK cells by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 27 20525015
2003 Quantitative real-time RT-PCR measurement of mRNA encoding alpha-chain, pIgR and J-chain from canine duodenal mucosa. Journal of immunological methods 24 12667685
2014 Intranasal coadministration of Cholera toxin with amoeba lysates modulates the secretion of IgA and IgG antibodies, production of cytokines and expression of pIgR in the nasal cavity of mice in the model of Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis. Experimental parasitology 23 24731967
2002 Developmental expression of pIgR gene in sheep mammary gland and hormonal regulation. The Journal of dairy research 23 12047104
2023 Hepatic pIgR-mediated secretion of IgA limits bacterial translocation and prevents ethanol-induced liver disease in mice. Gut 22 36690432
2017 A genome-wide trans-ethnic interaction study links the PIGR-FCAMR locus to coronary atherosclerosis via interactions between genetic variants and residential exposure to traffic. PloS one 22 28355232
2003 Characterization of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) 3'UTR and differential expression of PIGR mRNA during colon tumorigenesis. Journal of biomedical science 21 14631119
2016 Identification of sea bass pIgR shows its interaction with vitellogenin inducing antibody-like activities in HEK 293T cells. Fish & shellfish immunology 20 27919759
2017 Chronic alcohol consumption regulates the expression of poly immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and secretory IgA in the gut. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 19 28843478
2001 Polymeric IgA binding to the human pIgR elicits intracellular signalling, but fails to stimulate pIgR-transcytosis. Scandinavian journal of immunology 18 11169207
2022 Secretory Cells Are the Primary Source of pIgR in Small Airways. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 16 35687143
2022 M1 macrophages evoke an increase in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) expression in MDA-MB468 breast cancer cells through secretion of interleukin-1β. Scientific reports 16 36207349
1997 Genomic cloning and structural analysis of the murine polymeric receptor (pIgR) gene and promoter region. Gene 16 9409786
2023 Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in cancer. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 15 37897659
2016 Chlamydial infection enhances expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and transcytosis of IgA. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 15 27868280
2013 Age-related expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the gastric mucosa of young pigs. PloS one 15 24236214
2003 Secretory immune system in human intrauterine development: immunopathomorphological analysis of the role of secretory component (pIgR/SC) in immunoglobulin transport (review). International journal of molecular medicine 15 12883643
2023 Expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) and the effect of PIGR overexpression on breast cancer cells. Scientific reports 14 37789066
2021 High dose lithium chloride causes colitis through activating F4/80 positive macrophages and inhibiting expression of Pigr and Claudin-15 in the colon of mice. Toxicology 14 33901603
2012 An increase in milk IgA correlates with both pIgR expression and IgA plasma cell accumulation in the lactating mammary gland of PRM/Alf mice. Journal of reproductive immunology 14 23021255
2021 Identification of the Fc-alpha/mu receptor in Xenopus provides insight into the emergence of the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport. European journal of immunology 13 34411303
2009 Human Fcalpha/muR and pIgR distribute differently in intestinal tissues. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 13 19338768
2004 Effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) treatment on expression of Fc receptor (FcRn) and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mRNA in adult sheep tissues. Croatian medical journal 13 15103747
2021 The immune response of pIgR and Ig to Flavobacterium columnare in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Fish & shellfish immunology 12 34246784
2017 Expression of pIgR in the tracheal mucosa of SHIV/SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Zoological research 12 28271669
2010 Dual effect of neutrophils on pIgR/secretory component in human bronchial epithelial cells: role of TGF-beta. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 11 20706611
2022 EpCAM Is Essential to Maintaining the Immune Homeostasis of Intestines via Keeping the Expression of pIgR in the Intestinal Epithelium of Mice. Frontiers in immunology 10 35493520
2022 The Underlying Roles of Exosome-Associated PIGR in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Immune Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. Journal of oncology 10 36157233
2001 Functional pleiotropy of an intramolecular triplex-forming fragment from the 3'-UTR of the rat Pigr gene. Physiological genomics 10 11242589
2022 The teleost polymeric Ig receptor counterpart in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) differs from pIgR in higher vertebrates. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 9 35605416
2021 Characterization of the Pelodiscus sinensis polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (P. sinensis pIgR) and its response to LPS and Aeromonas sobria. Developmental and comparative immunology 9 33798618
2021 Rab11-FIP1 and Rab11-FIP5 Regulate pIgR/pIgA Transcytosis through TRIM21-Mediated Polyubiquitination. International journal of molecular sciences 9 34638806
2021 Exogenous and Endogenous Triggers Differentially Stimulate Pigr Expression and Antibacterial Secretory Immunity in the Murine Respiratory Tract. Lung 9 34825965
1997 Uterine stromal cell suppression of pIgR production by uterine epithelial cells in vitro: a mechanism for regulation of pIgR production. Journal of reproductive immunology 9 9234210
1992 The gene encoding human transmembrane secretory component (locus PIGR) is linked to D1S58 on chromosome 1. Human genetics 9 1487233
2023 Molecular cloning and functional analysis of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, pIgR, gene in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. Fish & shellfish immunology 8 37044186
2019 Expression and localization study of pIgR in the late stage of embryo development in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish & shellfish immunology 8 30633962
2015 Increased autoimmune diabetes in pIgR-deficient NOD mice is due to a "Hitchhiking" interval that refines the genetic effect of Idd5.4. PloS one 7 25835383
2013 A triad of highly divergent polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) haplotypes with major effect on IgA concentration in bovine milk. PloS one 7 23536764
2024 The downregulation of tight junction proteins and pIgR in the colonic epithelium causes the susceptibility of EpCAM+/- mice to colitis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 6 39188786
2001 Over-expression of the murine pIgR gene in the mammary gland of transgenic mice influences the milk composition and reduces its nutritional value. Transgenic research 6 11592708
2025 Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in cancer progression: a critical role and potential therapeutic target. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 5 40415061
2024 Functional studies with IgM and IgA immunoglobulins: binding to pIgR, FcαμR, FcμR, and CDC activities. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 5 38232051
2023 The role of TLR4-mediated MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling and pIgR intestinal expression in chicks during Salmonella enteritidis infection. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 5 36848772
2022 Comparative Analysis of the pIgR Gene from the Antarctic Teleost Trematomus bernacchii Reveals Distinctive Features of Cold-Adapted Notothenioidei. International journal of molecular sciences 4 35887127
2013 Enhanced expression of fucosyl GA1 in the digestive tract of immune-deficient scid, nude and pIgR(-/-) mice. Journal of biochemistry 4 24089533
2025 PIGR predicts good clinical outcomes and plays a tumor suppressor role in the development of breast cancer. Frontiers in oncology 3 40386563
2018 A study on the mechanism of agonists in regulating transcriptional level of pIgR in salivary gland epithelial cells. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 3 30542385
2004 This little pIgR went to the mucosa. Structure (London, England : 1993) 3 15530354
2025 Enhancing liver fibrosis detection: a novel PIGR-utilizing approach in chronic hepatitis B injury assessment. BMC gastroenterology 2 39955486
2025 LINC00870 promotes imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumor via inhibiting PIGR glycosylation modifications. Heliyon 2 39968132
2024 SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Protein ORF8 Targets the Dimeric IgA Receptor pIgR. Viruses 2 39066171
2022 Evolutionary analyses of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the mammals reveals an outstanding mutation rate in the lagomorphs. Frontiers in immunology 2 36466819
2025 Kinetics of pIgR and IgM immune responses in snakehead (Channa argus) to inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila via immersion and intraperitoneal injection. Scientific reports 1 40169670
2025 pIgR-like4.2 enhances the antiviral immune response of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus. Fish & shellfish immunology 1 40250506
2024 PIgR Autoantibody-abundant Circulating Vesicles Contributes to Biliary Injury in Biliary Atresia. Journal of pediatric surgery 1 39733605
1998 Mapping of mouse polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIgR) gene using simple sequence length polymorphism markers. Genes & genetic systems 1 9880925
2026 IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP) inhibits the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and cisplatin resistance through the PIGR/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Radiology and oncology 0 41560312
2026 Improving a Plasma Biomarker Panel for Early Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) and Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor (PIGR). Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 0 41593855
2026 EpCAM deficiency causes the inflammation of lungs due to the reduction of pIgR in airway epithelium. Respiratory research 0 41723440
2026 Engineered Lactobacillus casei targets the IgT-pIgR axis to confer mucosal protection against Aeromonas veronii in snakehead (Channa argus). Frontiers in immunology 0 41948342
2026 Cinnamyl Alcohol Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression via PIGR-Mediated Regulation of Chondrocyte Senescence and Cartilage Homeostasis. Journal of medicinal food 0 41996083
2025 Immunoglobulin A/PIGR axis as potential mediators of human abdominal aortic aneurysms revealed by topologically resolved proteomics. Journal of translational medicine 0 40624587
2022 [Potential implication of the IgA-pIgR system in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. Revue des maladies respiratoires 0 35190226