Affinage

PFKM

ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type · UniProt P08237

Length
780 aa
Mass
85.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
45 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PFKM is the muscle-type catalytic subunit of phosphofructokinase-1, the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme whose abundance and activity are tightly tuned to switch cells between glycolytic and alternative metabolic states across cancer, immune, and fibrotic contexts (PMID:33897890, PMID:41735679). Its enzymatic output is controlled allosterically and by post-translational modification: NOS1-mediated S-nitrosylation at Cys351 stabilizes the active tetramer and confers resistance to feedback inhibition by downstream intermediates (PMID:33859186), citrate binding dissociates the tetramer into dimers (PMID:40695785), and an upstream AMPK→PFK-2→fructose-2,6-bisphosphate cascade activates PFKM (PMID:16848549). Protein stability is set by opposing modifications—USP35 deubiquitinates and stabilizes PFKM (PMID:39714773), whereas PRMT1 methylates an arginine degron that routes PFKM to lysosomal microautophagy downstream of Wnt signalling, redirecting glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway and licensing myofibre differentiation (PMID:41735679). PFKM expression is governed by a convergent transcriptional and RNA-modification network including ZEB1 (PMID:33897890), HIF-1α/METTL3 (PMID:39549085), METTL16/IGF2BP3 (PMID:39756795), NAT10/ac4C-YTHDC1 (PMID:38233839), and FTO/C-Jun axes (PMID:41184232), and is repressed post-transcriptionally by miR-21 family microRNAs (PMID:31914380, PMID:36253358). Beyond catalysis, PFKM performs non-glycolytic moonlighting functions: dimeric PFKM enters the nucleus, binds nucleosomes, and phosphorylates histone H3 at Ser10 to drive mitotic progression (PMID:40695785), while nuclear PFKM in septic macrophages interacts with p53 to promote its K120 acetylation, driving PD-1 transcription and suppressing phagocytosis (PMID:41608568). Its glycolytic lactate output also fuels histone H3K18 lactylation at fibrotic and inflammatory gene promoters such as TGF-β1, CNTN1, and Rela (PMID:40569576, PMID:40608258, PMID:41711888). Compound heterozygous PFKM splicing mutations cause Tarui disease (glycogen storage disease VII) (PMID:8659544).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1982 Medium

    Establishing where the PFKM gene resides was the first step toward connecting the muscle PFK subunit to human genetics; an initial chromosomal assignment placed the locus on chromosome 1.

    Evidence somatic cell hybrid panel analysis with M-subunit-specific monoclonal antibody

    PMID:6213050

    Open questions at the time
    • Assignment was later overturned
    • No gene structure or sequence determined
  2. 1989 Medium

    Identifying a regulator that could reversibly inactivate PFK-1 addressed how the enzyme's activity might be acutely controlled; a Zn2+-binding protein (parathymosin-alpha) was shown to inactivate it Zn2+-dependently.

    Evidence in vitro PFK-1 inactivation assay with a sequenced zinc-binding protein

    PMID:2759245

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance in vivo not established
    • Binding stoichiometry and site on PFKM unresolved
  3. 1996 Medium

    Linking PFKM mutations to disease answered whether loss of this enzyme causes a defined human phenotype; compound heterozygous splicing mutations were shown to cause Tarui disease (GSD VII).

    Evidence genomic and cDNA sequencing with splicing analysis in patients; concurrent FISH/PCR remapping to 12q13

    PMID:8659544 PMID:8661033

    Open questions at the time
    • Genotype-phenotype variation across patients not detailed
    • Residual enzyme activity from mutant alleles not quantified
  4. 2006 Medium

    Defining the upstream allosteric control of PFKM activity in muscle clarified how energy state drives glycolytic flux; AMPK was shown to activate PFK-2, raising fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to up-regulate PFKM.

    Evidence biochemical activity assays and metabolite quantification in porcine muscle

    PMID:16848549

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PFKM modification not demonstrated
    • Pathway dissected post-mortem, not in living tissue
  5. 2012 Medium

    Testing whether a virus exploits PFKM addressed its role in pathogen-driven metabolic reprogramming; HSV-1 was shown to induce PFK-1 serine phosphorylation and activity required for replication.

    Evidence phosphorylation detection, activity and glycolysis assays, siRNA knockdown with viral replication readout

    PMID:22542512

    Open questions at the time
    • Responsible kinase and phosphosites not identified
    • Direct versus indirect phosphorylation not resolved
  6. 2021 High

    Mapping transcriptional and modification control of PFKM in cancer answered how glycolytic capacity is amplified in tumors; ZEB1 was shown to directly activate PFKM transcription and NOS1 to S-nitrosylate Cys351 to stabilize the active tetramer.

    Evidence ChIP/luciferase and rescue for ZEB1; S-nitrosoproteomics, C351S mutagenesis, tetramer stability and xenograft assays for NOS1

    PMID:33859186 PMID:33897890

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the two regulatory layers act in the same tumors not tested
    • Quantitative contribution of Cys351 nitrosylation to flux not measured
  7. 2020 High

    Determining how innate immunity throttles PFKM clarified its role in macrophage metabolism; miR-21 was shown to directly repress PFKM, and IFN-γ to relieve this repression and drive an isoenzyme switch augmenting glycolysis and IL-1β.

    Evidence miRNA target validation, PFK isoenzyme activity assays, miR-21 manipulation and cytokine measurement in macrophages

    PMID:31914380

    Open questions at the time
    • Other immune contexts of the isoenzyme switch not explored
  8. 2024 Medium

    Dissecting RNA-modification and stability control resolved a major axis of PFKM regulation; METTL16/IGF2BP3, HIF-1α/METTL3, NAT10/ac4C-YTHDC1, and FTO/C-Jun were each shown to tune PFKM mRNA or protein levels, while USP35 deubiquitinates and stabilizes PFKM protein.

    Evidence MeRIP/m6A-seq, RIP, mRNA stability and ChIP/luciferase assays plus Co-IP and ubiquitination assays across HCC, osteosarcoma, macrophage, PDAC and cancer models

    PMID:38233839 PMID:39549085 PMID:39714773 PMID:39756795 PMID:41184232

    Open questions at the time
    • Hierarchy and cross-talk among these axes unknown
    • Tissue specificity of each axis not unified
    • Most shown in single cancer contexts
  9. 2022 Medium

    Extending miR-21 repression to fibrosis showed PFKM as a deliverable therapeutic node; MSC-exosomal miR-21a-5p was shown to repress PFKM in tubular cells, attenuating glycolysis and renal fibrosis.

    Evidence miRNA sequencing, target validation, glycolysis assays and UUO mouse model with rescue

    PMID:36253358

    Open questions at the time
    • Single fibrosis model
    • Direct PFKM rescue of the renoprotective phenotype not isolated
  10. 2025 High

    Uncovering nuclear moonlighting functions answered whether PFKM acts beyond catalysis; citrate-driven dimers phosphorylate histone H3S10 to drive mitosis, and nuclear PFKM interacts with p53 to promote K120 acetylation and PD-1 transcription, suppressing macrophage phagocytosis.

    Evidence structural simulation, in vitro histone kinase assay with mutagenesis for H3S10; Co-IP/MS, ChIP, luciferase and nanobody-blocking sepsis models for p53

    PMID:40695785 PMID:41608568

    Open questions at the time
    • How a glycolytic enzyme acquired kinase/scaffold activity mechanistically unresolved
    • Generality of nuclear PFKM across cell types not defined
    • Relationship between H3S10 kinase and p53-acetylation functions unknown
  11. 2025 Medium

    Connecting PFKM-derived lactate to histone lactylation defined how its metabolic output reprograms gene expression in disease; PFKM was shown to drive H3K18 lactylation at TGF-β1, CNTN1 and Rela promoters, promoting fibrosis, gastric cancer and renal inflammation.

    Evidence AAV-mediated PFKM manipulation, ChIP/CUT&Tag for H3K18la at target promoters, Co-IP and rescue in fibroblast, gastric cancer and renal models

    PMID:40569576 PMID:40608258 PMID:41711888

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PFKM physically engages chromatin writers versus acting purely metabolically not fully resolved
    • Specificity of lactylation targeting unexplained
  12. 2025 High

    Defining a degradation route for PFKM revealed how cells switch glucose fate; Wnt-induced PRMT1 methylation of an arginine degron delivers PFKM to lysosomal microautophagy, shifting flux toward the pentose phosphate pathway and enabling myofibre differentiation.

    Evidence PTM identification, metabolic flux analysis, lysosomal inhibition and 3-phosphoglycerate rescue with knockdown/overexpression

    PMID:41735679

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality of microautophagic degradation beyond muscle differentiation not tested
    • Reader machinery for the methyl-arginine degron incompletely defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How PFKM's catalytic, kinase, and scaffolding activities are coordinately partitioned in space and time—and which contexts favor each—remains unresolved.
  • No structural model unifies catalytic and H3S10 kinase states
  • Triggers selecting moonlighting versus glycolytic roles unknown
  • Interplay of stabilizing and degradative PTMs not mapped

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 1 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005694 chromosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
CNTN1NOS1PRMT1RAB8BTP53USP35

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2021 ZEB1 directly activates PFKM transcription through a non-classic ZEB1-binding sequence in the PFKM promoter region, upregulating PFKM expression and glycolysis in HCC cells; silencing ZEB1 impairs PFKM expression, glycolysis, proliferation and invasion, and exogenous PFKM re-expression rescues these defects. shRNA knockdown, ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot, ECAR/OCR assays, orthotopic xenograft Theranostics High 33897890
2020 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced miR-21 directly targets PFKM mRNA to repress its expression and activity in macrophages, dampening glycolysis and limiting IL-1β production; IFN-γ inhibits miR-21, forcing an isoenzyme switch that augments PFKM expression and macrophage glycolysis. miRNA target validation, PFK isoenzyme activity assays, miR-21 manipulation in macrophages, cytokine measurement Cell reports High 31914380
2021 NOS1 S-nitrosylates PFKM at Cys351, stabilizing the PFKM tetramer and enabling resistance to negative feedback from downstream metabolic intermediates, thereby promoting glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells; PFKM-C351S mutation reduced proliferation and tumor growth in xenograft models. S-nitrosoproteomic profiling, site-directed mutagenesis (C351S), in vitro tetramer stability assay, xenograft tumor model Cell death & disease High 33859186
2025 Citrate binds PFKM and disrupts its tetrameric structure into dimers; dimeric PFKM interacts with nucleosomes and phosphorylates histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10) as a protein kinase, promoting mitotic progression and cell proliferation. Structural simulations show PFKM binds nucleosomes optimally when H3S10 aligns with its catalytic site. Structural simulation, biochemical citrate-binding assays, in vitro histone kinase assay, mutagenesis disrupting citrate-PFKM and PFKM-H3 interactions, cell cycle analysis, tumor growth assays Nature communications High 40695785
2025 Wnt signalling induces lysosomal degradation of PFKM through a methyl arginine degron motif that is selectively methylated by PRMT1, delivering PFKM to lysosomes via microautophagy; PFKM degradation shifts glucose metabolism from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway, and PFKM overexpression promotes myofibre differentiation while PFKM knockdown blunts differentiation (rescued by 3-phosphoglycerate supplementation). Genetic knockdown/overexpression, metabolic flux analysis, PRMT1-mediated methylation validation, lysosomal inhibition experiments, metabolic rescue with 3-phosphoglycerate Nature metabolism High 41735679
2024 METTL16 mediates m6A methylation to stabilize PFKM mRNA in an IGF2BP3-dependent manner in HCC, promoting glycolysis; POU3F2 transcriptionally activates METTL16, defining a POU3F2/METTL16/PFKM axis. MeRIP assay, RIP assay, actinomycin D mRNA stability assay, ChIP, luciferase assay, knockdown/overexpression, xenograft Annals of hepatology Medium 39756795
2024 NAT10-mediated ac4C acetylation suppresses m6A modification on PFKM mRNA; YTHDC1 recognizes m6A sites on PFKM mRNA to increase its stability; NAT10 knockdown increases m6A content, reducing YTHDC1 translation, and destabilizing PFKM mRNA, leading to decreased glycolysis in osteosarcoma cells. NAT10 knockdown, m6A-seq, RIP assay, m6A reader protein analysis, mRNA stability assay, in vivo tumor models Cell communication and signaling Medium 38233839
2024 HIF-1α increases METTL3 expression, which elevates m6A modification on Pfkm mRNA and upregulates PFKM protein expression in macrophages; recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) decreases PFKM expression in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, and METTL3 silencing attenuates HIF-1α-mediated PFKM upregulation. HIF-1α overexpression/knockdown, METTL3 silencing, m6A quantification, Pfkm knockout mice, ELISA cytokine measurement Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 39549085
2024 USP35 deubiquitinates and stabilizes PFK-1 (PFKM) protein; Co-IP identified PFK-1 as a direct deubiquitination target of USP35, and USP35 knockdown decreased PFK-1 expression, reducing glycolysis and cancer cell proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation/ubiquitination assay, USP35 knockdown, Seahorse glycolysis assay, xenograft American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Medium 39714773
2025 PFKM translocates to the macrophage nucleus during sepsis and interacts with p53 (identified by Co-IP/mass spectrometry); nuclear PFKM promotes p53 acetylation at K120, enhancing p53 binding to the Pdcd1 promoter to drive PD-1 transcription, thereby suppressing macrophage phagocytosis via a non-glycolytic moonlighting function. Co-IP coupled with mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence for nuclear localization, dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP, transcriptomic sequencing, nanobody blocking, sepsis mouse models Theranostics High 41608568
2025 PFKM drives lactate accumulation which promotes global and H3K18 lactylation in atrial fibroblasts; P300-mediated H3K18 lactylation at the TGF-β1 promoter upregulates TGF-β1 transcription, activating cardiac fibroblasts and contributing to atrial fibrosis. AAV-mediated atrial PFKM expression confirmed PFKM as the pivotal glycolytic driver in this pathway. AAV-mediated PFKM overexpression in vivo, glycolysis inhibitor (2-DG) treatment, ChIP for H3K18la at TGF-β1 promoter, primary cardiac fibroblast activation assays Advanced science Medium 40569576
2025 PFKM promotes gastric cancer progression by interacting with CNTN1 and facilitating enrichment of H3K18 lactylation at the CNTN1 promoter, activating CNTN1 transcription; CNTN1 overexpression reverses the inhibitory effects of PFKM knockdown. Co-immunoprecipitation (PFKM-CNTN1 interaction), dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP for H3K18la at CNTN1 promoter, knockdown/overexpression rescue, xenograft Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Medium 40608258
2025 FTO demethylase elevates C-Jun mRNA in a m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner, and C-Jun transcriptionally upregulates PFKM expression, thereby promoting glycolysis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; FTO inhibitors suppress PDAC growth in organoid and xenograft models. m6A-seq, transcriptome sequencing, metabolomics, FTO-conditional knockout mouse model, organoids, xenograft, ChIP for C-Jun at PFKM promoter Cell death & disease Medium 41184232
2022 miR-21a-5p in bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes directly represses PFKM expression (a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme) in tubular epithelial cells, attenuating glycolysis and renal fibrosis; knockdown of miR-21a-5p abolished the renoprotective effect of MSC-Exos. miRNA sequencing, in vitro miR-21a-5p targeting validation, UUO mouse model, glycolysis assays Cell death & disease Medium 36253358
2012 HSV-1 infection increases PFK-1 expression and triggers phosphorylation of PFK-1 at serine residues, increasing total PFK-1 activity and glycolysis; PFK-1 knockdown impairs HSV-1 replication. Western blot, glucose uptake/lactate efflux assays, serine phosphorylation detection, PFK-1 siRNA knockdown, viral replication assay Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 22542512
2006 AMPK phosphorylates and activates PFK-2 post-mortem, increasing fructose-2,6-diphosphate levels which then up-regulate PFK-1 (PFKM) activity; earlier AMPK activation in PSE porcine muscle leads to faster glycolysis and lower pH. Biochemical activity assays (AMPK, PFK-1, glycogen phosphorylase, pyruvate kinase), fructose-2,6-diphosphate measurement, pH and metabolite quantification in porcine muscle Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Medium 16848549
1989 A Zn2+-binding protein (identified as parathymosin-alpha) reversibly inactivates phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1/PFKM) in a Zn2+-dependent manner via its 43-amino-acid zinc-binding domain. cDNA sequencing, protein sequence comparison, in vitro PFK-1 inactivation assay with Zn2+-binding protein FEBS letters Medium 2759245
2025 PFKM influences exosome release by modulating RAB8B expression; the PFKM-RAB8B interaction promotes chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma by impacting apoptosis and glycolytic metabolism, with drug-resistant cells releasing glycolytically active exosomes that transfer chemoresistance to sensitive cells. Targeted metabolomics (FBP/F6P ratio as PFKM activity proxy), exosome isolation and characterization, PFKM-RAB8B interaction analysis, knockdown/overexpression Journal of pharmaceutical analysis Low 42057963
2022 HDAC1 inhibits H3K27ac-induced transcription of PFKM in doxorubicin-treated cardiomyocytes; PFKM overexpression inhibits DOX-induced apoptosis and maintains glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, while PFKM silencing promotes apoptosis. RT-PCR, immunoblotting, PFKM overexpression/knockdown, Seahorse metabolic assay, apoptosis assay in H9c2 cells Scientific reports Low 35804014
2024 Chloroquine (CQ) directly binds PFKM and inhibits its expression and enzymatic activity, thereby blocking the Warburg effect in colorectal cancer cells; additionally, CHKA downregulation also decreases PFKM expression and activity. Target identification and binding verification (method not fully described in abstract), enzymatic activity assay, knockdown/expression analysis International journal of biological sciences Low 39990656
2026 PFKM drives glycolytic reprogramming leading to lactate accumulation, which promotes H3K18 lactylation at the Rela promoter via histone modification, activating NF-κB pathway and exacerbating renal inflammation and fibrosis; AAV9-mediated PFKM knockdown alleviated FA-induced renal fibrosis in mice. AAV9 PFKM knockdown/overexpression in renal tubular cells, RNA-seq, CUT&Tag for H3K18la, ChIP-qPCR, metabolic analysis, histological staining Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 41711888
1996 Two mutations in the PFKM gene (G1127A transition destroying the 5' donor site of intron 13 causing 155-nt intron retention, and an a-to-g change in intron 16 creating a new acceptor splice site causing 63-nt intron retention) result in compound heterozygous Tarui disease (GSD VII) with predicted premature translation termination. Genomic DNA amplification, cDNA sequencing, splicing analysis, restriction mapping American journal of human genetics Medium 8659544
1982 The human PFKM locus was assigned to chromosome 1 (region cen to q32) using somatic cell hybrid analysis with anti-human M subunit-specific monoclonal antibody. Somatic cell hybrid panel analysis, monoclonal antibody-based isozyme detection, chromosome marker analysis Somatic cell genetics Medium 6213050
1996 PFKM maps to chromosome 12q13 (not chromosome 1 as previously reported); PCR with somatic cell hybrid panel showed 100% concordance with chromosome 12, and FISH with CEPH YAC 762G4 localized PFKM centromeric to DAGK at 12q13.3. PCR with somatic cell hybrid panel, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genetic mapping with microsatellite marker Genomics High 8661033
2024 In porcine trophoblast cells, miR-92b-3p targets PFKM mRNA (validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay); PFKM knockdown promoted PTr2 cell proliferation and migration, and uterine miR-92b-3p downregulation reduced embryo implantation rates in mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot, siRNA knockdown of PFKM, mouse uterine miRNA manipulation International journal of molecular sciences Low 36555776

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 45 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2021 ZEB1 enhances Warburg effect to facilitate tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC by transcriptionally activating PFKM. Theranostics 138 33897890
2020 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Limits Host Glycolysis and IL-1β by Restriction of PFK-M via MicroRNA-21. Cell reports 138 31914380
2012 Herpes simplex type 1 activates glycolysis through engagement of the enzyme 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1). Biochimica et biophysica acta 84 22542512
2014 A genome-wide association study of early-onset breast cancer identifies PFKM as a novel breast cancer gene and supports a common genetic spectrum for breast cancer at any age. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 74 24493630
2022 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21a-5p alleviates renal fibrosis by attenuating glycolysis by targeting PFKM. Cell death & disease 63 36253358
1982 Assignment of the human gene for muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFKM) to chromosome 1 (region cen leads to q32) using somatic cell hybrids and monoclonal anti-M antibody. Somatic cell genetics 63 6213050
2017 Rewiring of embryonic glucose metabolism via suppression of PFK-1 and aldolase during mouse chorioallantoic branching. Development (Cambridge, England) 58 28049690
2006 Early post-mortem AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation leads to phosphofructokinase-2 and -1 (PFK-2 and PFK-1) phosphorylation and the development of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) conditions in porcine longissimus muscle. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 50 16848549
2024 NAT10 mediated ac4C acetylation driven m6A modification via involvement of YTHDC1-LDHA/PFKM regulates glycolysis and promotes osteosarcoma. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 44 38233839
2021 The role of S-nitrosylation of PFKM in regulation of glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. Cell death & disease 44 33859186
2024 The mechanism of PFK-1 in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer by regulating ZEB1 lactylation. BMC urology 31 38481182
2022 Expression of HK2, PKM2, and PFKM Is Associated with Metastasis and Late Disease Onset in Breast Cancer Patients. Genes 29 35328104
2022 PFKM inhibits doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Scientific reports 21 35804014
1989 The primary sequence of the PFK-1 inactivating zinc-binding protein as deduced from cDNA sequencing. Identity of the zinc-binding protein with rat parathymosin. FEBS letters 21 2759245
1996 Glycogenosis type VII (Tarui disease) in a Swedish family: two novel mutations in muscle phosphofructokinase gene (PFK-M) resulting in intron retentions. American journal of human genetics 20 8659544
2016 Regulation of Vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) Reassembly by Glycolysis Flow in 6-Phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1)-deficient Yeast Cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 27226568
2012 A study of PKM2, PFK-1, and ANT1 expressions in cervical biopsy tissues in China. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 18 22227854
2023 Combination of 3PO analog PFK15 and siPFKL efficiently suppresses the migration, colony formation ability, and PFK-1 activity of triple-negative breast cancers by reducing the glycolysis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 15 37450687
2019 Glycolytic reprogramming in cancer cells: PKM2 dimer predominance induced by pulsatile PFK-1 activity. Physical biology 15 31469100
2025 PFKM-Driven Lactate Overproduction Promotes Atrial Fibrillation via Triggering Cardiac Fibroblasts Histone Lactylation. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 13 40569576
1996 Physical and genetic mapping of the muscle phosphofructokinase gene (PFKM): reassignment to human chromosome 12q. Genomics 13 8661033
2025 Chloroquine Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Progression via Targeting CHKA and PFKM to inhibit the PI3K/AKT Pathway and the Warburg Effect. International journal of biological sciences 12 39990656
2024 rTM reprograms macrophages via the HIF-1α/METTL3/PFKM axis to protect mice against sepsis. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 12 39549085
2012 Missense mutation in PFKM associated with muscle-type phosphofructokinase deficiency in the Wachtelhund dog. Molecular and cellular probes 12 22446493
2015 PFKM gene defect and glycogen storage disease GSDVII with misleading enzyme histochemistry. Neurology. Genetics 11 27066546
2013 First description of phosphofructokinase deficiency in spain: identification of a novel homozygous missense mutation in the PFKM gene. Frontiers in physiology 11 24427140
2009 Redundancy in the requirement for the glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase (Pfk) 1 and 2 in the in vivo fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microbial pathogenesis 11 19486643
2025 The promoting effect of the POU3F2/METTL16/PFKM cascade on glycolysis and tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Annals of hepatology 8 39756795
2024 USP35 promotes breast cancer progression by regulating PFK-1 ubiquitination to mediate glycolysis. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 6 39714773
2022 Ssc-miR-92b-3p Regulates Porcine Trophoblast Cell Proliferation and Migration via the PFKM Gene. International journal of molecular sciences 6 36555776
2021 MicroRNA-383-5p Regulates Oxidative Stress in Mice with Acute Myocardial Infarction through the AMPK Signaling Pathway via PFKM. Disease markers 6 34917202
1999 Mapping of the Na+, K(+)-ATPase subunit alpha 2 (ATP1A2) and muscle phosphofructokinase (PFKM) genes in pig by somatic cell hybrid analysis. Animal genetics 6 10050286
2025 circZNF707 promoted glycolysis and tumor progression through miR-668-3p-PFKM axis in NSCLC. European journal of medical research 4 40016838
2025 PFKM Promotes the Progression of Gastric Cancer by Up-regulating CNTN1 Expression Through H3K18la Modification. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 4 40608258
2025 PFKM phosphorylates histone H3 and promotes mitotic progression by sensing the levels of citrate. Nature communications 4 40695785
2025 PFKM-Mediated Glycolysis: A Pathway for ASIC1 to Enhance Cell Survival in the Acidic Microenvironment of Liver Cancer. Biomolecules 3 40149892
2025 m6A demethylase FTO drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and metastasis through remodeling PFKM mediated glycolysis. Cell death & disease 2 41184232
2026 The glycolytic enzyme PFKM promotes renal fibrosis by activating the NF-κB pathway via lactate-mediated H3K18 lactylation. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 1 41711888
2026 PFKM governs metabolic shifts throughout skeletal muscle differentiation. Nature metabolism 1 41735679
2024 Case report: Comprehensive exploration of a novel PFKM mutation in glycogen storage disease Type VII. Frontiers in genetics 1 39156960
1991 KpnI RFLP at the human muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFKM) gene locus. Nucleic acids research 1 1674138
2026 Nanobody Nb07 mitigates sepsis by blocking the PFKM-p53-PD-1 axis to enhance macrophage phagocytosis. Theranostics 0 41608568
2025 PFKM promotes chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma by regulating RAB8B mediated exosome release. Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 0 42057963
2022 Association of PFKM gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cryptorchidism in a Chinese Han population. Pediatric surgery international 0 35838787
2021 Down regulation of tumour biomarkers in colon cancer cells with IRNA PFK-1 plus metformin. Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology 0 34564972

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