| 2002 |
NSE1 (Nse1p) was identified as a novel non-SMC component of the budding yeast SMC5-SMC6 complex (~2-3 MDa). Nse1p is essential for cell proliferation, localizes primarily to the nucleus, and nse1 mutants are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging treatments and display aberrant mitotic morphology, establishing it as a key subunit required for both DNA repair and proliferation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, nuclear localization by microscopy, genetic analysis of mutants with DNA-damaging agents |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11927594
|
| 2003 |
Fission yeast Nse1 and Nse2 were purified as co-precipitating partners of Smc5 and confirmed as non-SMC subunits of the Smc5-6 complex. Both proteins are essential and conserved from yeast to humans. Loss-of-function phenotypes mirror Smc5-6 inactivation. Epistasis with Rhp51 placed Nse1 in the homologous recombination repair pathway for DNA double-strand breaks. |
Mass spectrometry after Smc5 purification, co-immunoprecipitation, genetic epistasis analysis with Rhp51 |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
12966087
|
| 2004 |
In fission yeast, Nse1 is required for a coordinated DNA damage response. Cells lacking functional Nse1 (or Smc6) initiate a normal checkpoint (Chk1 phosphorylation) but enter lethal mitosis, indicating that Nse1 is needed to maintain checkpoint arrest, likely by supporting ongoing DNA repair or proper chromosomal organization rather than checkpoint initiation itself. |
Genetic analysis, Chk1 phosphorylation assay, checkpoint maintenance assay in fission yeast |
Molecular and cellular biology |
Medium |
14701739
|
| 2004 |
Fission yeast Nse1, Nse2, and Nse3 are all crucial for meiosis. The Nse1-1 mutant displays meiotic DNA segregation defects and defective homologous recombination. Epistasis with Rhp51 confirmed that all three Nse subunits function in HR-based repair, and genetic interactions suggest the Smc5+6 complex (including Nse1) is important for replication fork stability. |
Genetic mutant analysis, spore viability assay, meiotic segregation analysis, epistasis with Rhp51 |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
15331764
|
| 2007 |
In budding yeast, Nse1 is required specifically for the Rad52-dependent (homologous recombination) pathway of postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA. Genetic analyses suggest that the Nse1-associated E3 ligase activity (along with Mms21 SUMO ligase) within the Smc5-6 complex contributes to this Rad52-dependent PRR mode. |
Genetic epistasis analysis with rad52, rad6-rad18, and mms2-ubc13-rad5 mutants; UV damage sensitivity assays |
Molecular and cellular biology |
Medium |
17923688
|
| 2007 |
The human SMC5/6 complex, including NSE1 as a subunit, localizes to ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) and is required for telomere HR and elongation in ALT cancer cells. Depletion of SMC5/6 subunits inhibits telomere HR, causes telomere shortening and senescence in ALT cells. |
RNAi knockdown, immunofluorescence co-localization, telomere-length analysis, senescence assay |
Nature structural & molecular biology |
Medium |
17589526
|
| 2007 |
The human SMC5-6 complex was fully characterized with four non-SMC components including NSE1 and MAGEG1 (Nse3 ortholog). Depletion of NSE1 (or most other non-SMC subunits) leads to degradation of all other complex components, demonstrating that NSE1 is essential for complex stability. NSE1 depletion confers sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate. NSE1 is subject to sumoylation and ubiquitination. |
RNAi depletion, western blotting for complex stability, MMS sensitivity assay, mass spectrometry |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
18086888
|
| 2008 |
The RING-like motif of fission yeast Nse1 is not essential for cell viability but is required for DNA repair functions of the Smc5-6 complex: RING mutant cells are hypersensitive to a broad spectrum of genotoxic stresses. Neither human nor yeast full-length Nse1 nor isolated RING domains showed detectable ubiquitin E3 ligase activity in vitro. Instead, the Nse1 RING-like domain is required for normal Nse1-Nse3-Nse4 trimer formation in vitro and for damage-induced recruitment of Nse4 and Smc5 to subnuclear foci in vivo, identifying it as a protein-protein interaction domain essential for holocomplex integrity and lesion recruitment. |
RING domain mutagenesis, in vitro ubiquitin E3 ligase assay (human and yeast), in vitro trimer assembly assay, immunofluorescence foci analysis after DNA damage |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
18667531
|
| 2010 |
The crystal structure of the MAGE-G1 (mammalian ortholog of Nse3)–NSE1 complex was solved, revealing structural insights into the MAGE protein family and their interaction with RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. NSE1 functions as a RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligase whose activity is enhanced by MAGE proteins, providing a structural basis for understanding NSMCE1's role in the Smc5/6 complex. |
X-ray crystallography of MAGE-G1–NSE1 complex, biochemical ubiquitin ligase assays |
Molecular cell |
High |
20864041
|
| 2011 |
In fission yeast, the Nse1 RING domain variant has a non-canonical role: serine mutations in conserved cysteines of the RING domain suppress the DNA damage sensitivity of Smc5/6 hypomorphs but not HR mutants, and dramatically decrease the recruitment of Smc5/6 to lesion-containing loci marked for HR-mediated repair. This demonstrates that Nse1-dependent recruitment of dysfunctional Smc5/6 complexes to lesions is itself detrimental, and that lesions can be channeled into recombination-dependent and error-free PRR in the absence of such recruitment. |
Site-directed mutagenesis of RING domain cysteines, genetic suppression analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation for lesion recruitment, DNA repair pathway analysis |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
21976700
|
| 2011 |
Conserved hydrophobic surface residues on the N-terminal domain of Nse3 (MAGEG1) are essential for interaction with Nse1, and these interactions are conserved in human orthologs. MAGEG1 interaction with NSE4b results in transcriptional co-activation of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), revealing a transcriptional regulatory function for the NSE1-containing subcomplex. |
Site-directed mutagenesis, protein-protein interaction assays (yeast two-hybrid, co-IP), molecular modeling, transcriptional reporter assay |
PloS one |
Medium |
21364888
|
| 2017 |
In budding yeast, the Nse1 RING domain (zinc-coordinating residues) is required for interaction with Nse3 and other Smc5/6 subunits (Nse4, Smc5). The nse1-103 RING mutant shows chromosome loss, delayed replication completion, modest sister chromatid cohesion defect, and synthetic sickness with rrm3Δ. The temperature sensitivity is partially suppressed by deletion of MPH1 (DNA helicase), placing Nse1 in a pathway that restrains Mph1 activity during replication. |
RING domain mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, chromosome loss assay, BrdU incorporation/replication assay, genetic epistasis with mph1Δ and rrm3Δ |
Current genetics |
Medium |
29119272
|
| 2019 |
Overexpression of mouse Nsmce1 in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22) promotes cell proliferation, while knockdown inhibits it. Nsmce1 overexpression suppresses expression of Alzheimer's disease marker genes (App, Bace2, Mapt), and transcriptomics reveals dysregulation of 224 genes enriched in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and neurodegenerative disease pathways, suggesting a role for Nsmce1 in regulating neuronal cell proliferation and UMP pathway activity. |
Overexpression and RNAi knockdown in HT-22 cells, cell proliferation assay, qRT-PCR for AD markers, RNA-seq transcriptomics |
Functional & integrative genomics |
Low |
31792732
|
| 2021 |
The crystal structure of the Xenopus laevis Nse1-Nse3-Nse4 subcomplex was solved at 1.7 Å resolution. The Nse1-Nse3 dimer adopts a closed conformation and forms three interfaces with Nse4, forcing it into a Z-shaped conformation. Mutations causing lung disease/immunodeficiency/chromosome breakage syndrome dislodge Nse4 from Nse1-Nse3. DNA binding is contributed by the N-terminal and middle regions of Nse4, informed by the structural context provided by Nse1-Nse3. |
X-ray crystallography at 1.7 Å, DNA binding assays, mutational analysis |
Journal of molecular biology |
High |
33676928
|
| 2022 |
S. pombe Nse1 possesses confirmed ubiquitin E3 ligase activity in vitro using purified proteins. This activity is stimulated by Nse3 and Nse4, and Nse1 specifically utilizes Ubc13/Mms2 as its cognate E2 enzyme and directly interacts with ubiquitin. The Nse1 R188E mutation specifically abrogates E3 activity. Nse4 K181 was identified as the first known SMC5/6-associated Nse1 substrate; abolishing Nse4-K181 ubiquitination suppresses DNA damage sensitivity of other SMC5/6 mutants. Nse1 ubiquitin ligase activity is particularly important under replication stress. |
In vitro ubiquitin E3 ligase assay with purified proteins, E2 specificity assay, site-directed mutagenesis (R188E), mass spectrometry identification of Nse4-K181 ubiquitination, genetic suppression analysis |
Cells |
High |
35011726
|
| 2024 |
Point mutations or truncations in the RING domain of human NSE1 result in drastically reduced Smc5/6 protein levels in human cell lines, demonstrating that the NSE1 RING domain is essential for Smc5/6 complex stability. NSE1 RING mutant human cells display cell growth defects, reduced replication fork rates, and increased genomic instability. A synthetic sick interaction between Smc5/6 and FANCM was uncovered, and Smc5/6 controls fork progression and chromosome disjunction in a FANCM-independent manner, indicating this regulation is not evolutionarily conserved from yeast. |
Human cell line engineering with RING domain point mutations and truncations, western blotting for complex stability, replication fork rate assay (DNA fiber), genomic instability assays, genetic interaction analysis with FANCM |
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS |
High |
38847937
|
| 2024 |
In C. elegans, nse-1 is required for meiotic recombination and DNA repair. nse-1 mutants show reduced fertility, increased male incidence, sensitivity to MMS/cisplatin/HU, increased RAD-51 foci, chromosome fragmentation, and upregulation of the CEP-1/p53-mediated apoptotic pathway (ced-13, egl-1). NSE-1 is essential for proper chromosomal localization of NSE-4 and MAGE-1, placing NSE-1 as a required factor for correct SMC5/6 subcomplex assembly on chromosomes. |
nse-1 mutant analysis, genotoxic sensitivity assays, RAD-51 foci immunofluorescence, chromosome fragmentation analysis, immunostaining for NSE-4 and MAGE-1 localization |
DNA repair |
Medium |
38507953
|