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Showing STK38L — NDR2 is a alias.

STK38L

Serine/threonine-protein kinase 38-like · UniProt Q9Y2H1

Length
464 aa
Mass
54.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
37 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

STK38L (NDR2) is a cytoplasmic AGC-family serine/threonine kinase that couples upstream activating signals to substrate phosphorylation across ciliogenesis, neuronal integrin signaling, innate immunity, autophagy, and growth control (PMID:15067004, PMID:16488889, PMID:23435566). Its catalytic output is gated by multi-site phosphorylation—autophosphorylation at the activation-segment Ser-282, hydrophobic-motif Thr-442 phosphorylation by an upstream (PDK-1) kinase, and a Thr-75 site stimulated by Ca2+-dependent S100B binding—and is further enhanced by stable association with Mob2 (PMID:15067004, PMID:15037617, PMID:16488889). The kinase is additionally tuned by reversible acetylation at K463 (p300/CBP writers, SIRT1 eraser) and by SENP2-mediated de-SUMOylation that boosts its activity (PMID:31427083, PMID:38908669). In ciliogenesis STK38L localizes to the cytosolic surface of peroxisomes through a C-terminal PTS1-like GKL motif recognized by Pex5p, a localization required for cilium formation, and phosphorylates the Rab8 GEF Rabin8 at Ser-272 to switch its binding from phosphatidylserine to the exocyst component Sec15, driving Rab8 activation and ciliary/rhodopsin-carrier membrane trafficking (PMID:23435566, PMID:28122914, PMID:39774853). In neurons it phosphorylates β1-integrin at Thr788/789 to promote integrin activation, exocytosis, dendritic/axonal growth, and synaptic plasticity, with loss producing CA1 LTP deficits rescuable by RGD-mediated integrin activation (PMID:24719112, PMID:40439020). In immune cells it scaffolds the RIG-I/TRIM25 complex to enhance K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I, phosphorylates IRF3 at Ser303 to stabilize it for antiviral readiness, phosphorylates Filamin A to license LFA-1 activation, and restrains IL-17 signaling by promoting Smurf1-mediated degradation of MEKK2 (PMID:30568657, PMID:30775439, PMID:30504095, PMID:36417850). It also limits autophagy amplitude: TRIM27-catalyzed K6/K11 ubiquitination activates STK38L to phosphorylate ULK1 at Ser-495, priming ULK1 for degradation, a circuit that also negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis (PMID:35670107, PMID:39561008). In growth control STK38L acts in the Hippo pathway by competitively binding MOB1 to disrupt the LATS-MOB1 complex and promote YAP activation independently of its kinase activity, supporting tumor growth (PMID:42128666, PMID:29108249).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 2004 High

    Established NDR2 as a distinct cytoplasmic kinase whose activity is controlled by Mob2 binding and multi-site phosphorylation, defining the basic activation logic.

    Evidence Co-IP, co-localization, and kinase assays in T-cell/HeLa systems plus in vitro phospho-site mapping and S100B stimulation

    PMID:15037617 PMID:15067004

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the upstream Thr-442 kinase not defined in these studies
    • Physiological substrates not yet identified
  2. 2004 Medium

    Linked NDR2 to the actin cytoskeleton and to neurite/cell-spreading phenotypes, hinting at a role in cytoskeletal morphogenesis.

    Evidence EGFP fusion, co-precipitation and pull-down with overexpression phenotypes in PC12 cells and cortical neurons

    PMID:15308672

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct cytoskeletal substrate not identified
    • Mechanism connecting kinase activity to spreading unresolved
  3. 2005 Medium

    Showed NDR2 is incorporated into HIV-1 virions and cleaved by HIV-1 protease, a host-pathogen modification that inactivates the kinase.

    Evidence Virion incorporation, protease cleavage, kinase activity and localization assays

    PMID:15582665

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence for viral replication not established
    • Single study
  4. 2006 High

    Identified the first direct substrate, ARK5, phosphorylated at its T-loop Thr-211 in IGF-1 signaling, and mapped the three activating phospho-sites of NDR2.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, substrate and kinase mutagenesis, IGF-1 stimulation in colorectal cancer lines

    PMID:16488889

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of ARK5 phosphorylation not tested
    • Tissue specificity unknown
  5. 2013 High

    Defined a ciliogenesis mechanism: NDR2 phosphorylates Rabin8 at Ser-272 to switch its lipid-to-exocyst binding and enable Rab8-driven ciliary membrane assembly.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, phospho-mimetic/null Rabin8 mutants, binding-specificity and ciliogenesis assays

    PMID:23435566

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signal triggering Rabin8 phosphorylation not defined
    • Spatial source of active NDR2 not yet localized
  6. 2014 High

    Established NDR2 control of integrin-dependent neuronal growth via β1-integrin Thr788/789 phosphorylation and integrin exocytosis.

    Evidence Kinase and exocytosis assays, endosomal co-localization, and Ndr2-null mouse analysis

    PMID:24719112

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NDR2 phosphorylates integrin directly versus via intermediary kinases not fully resolved
  7. 2017 High

    Resolved where ciliogenic NDR2 acts: a C-terminal PTS1-like GKL motif targets it to the peroxisome surface via Pex5p, a localization required for cilium formation.

    Evidence Co-localization, Pex5p binding, topology, and ciliogenesis rescue with ΔL mutant plus PEX knockdown

    PMID:28122914

    Open questions at the time
    • How peroxisomal anchoring connects spatially to Rabin8 phosphorylation unclear
    • Role of peroxisomal pool in non-ciliary functions untested
  8. 2017 Medium

    Placed STK38L upstream of LATS2 in KRAS-dependent pancreatic cancer survival, foreshadowing a Hippo-pathway connection.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown, apoptosis/proliferation assays and LATS2 epistasis rescue in PDAC lines

    PMID:29108249

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between STK38L and LATS2 regulation not defined here
    • Single context
  9. 2018 Medium

    Extended immune function: NDR2 phosphorylates Filamin A to license LFA-1 activation and promotes Smurf1-mediated MEKK2 degradation to restrain IL-17 signaling.

    Evidence Kinase, Co-IP and ubiquitination assays with KO/knockdown functional readouts in T cells

    PMID:30504095 PMID:30568657

    Open questions at the time
    • IL-17 axis based on knockdown in single lab
    • How NDR2 distinguishes these immune substrates contextually unclear
  10. 2019 High

    Showed NDR2 acts as a positive scaffold/kinase for antiviral signaling by promoting RIG-I/TRIM25 complex formation and K63-ubiquitination of RIG-I.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, kinase-inactive mutant, and conditional KO mice

    PMID:30775439

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether scaffolding requires kinase activity not fully separated
    • Direct substrate in this complex not defined
  11. 2019 Medium

    Connected NDR2 to RhoB/YAP control via GEF-H1 phosphorylation downstream of RASSF1A loss, and identified its regulation by acetylation.

    Evidence Depletion, Co-IP, phosphorylation and epistasis assays (GEF-H1); MS plus writer/eraser Co-IP for K463 acetylation

    PMID:30979377 PMID:31427083

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of K463 acetylation on activity not quantified
    • GEF-H1 pathway in single lab/cell type
  12. 2022 High

    Defined a ubiquitin-gated autophagy-limiting circuit: TRIM27 K6/K11 ubiquitination activates STK38L to phosphorylate ULK1 Ser-495, priming ULK1 for degradation.

    Evidence Linkage-specific ubiquitination assays, ULK1-Ser495 phosphorylation, autophagy flux, STK38L and Trim27 KO mice

    PMID:35670107

    Open questions at the time
    • How K6/K11 ubiquitination mechanistically activates the kinase unresolved
    • Generality beyond starvation autophagy untested here
  13. 2022 High

    Showed STK38L maintains antiviral readiness by phosphorylating IRF3 at Ser-303 to prevent its degradation in resting cells, induced via SRF downstream of LPA.

    Evidence Phosphorylation assay, STK38L KO mice, serum deprivation/LPA treatment, antiviral readouts

    PMID:36417850

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between this resting-state role and the RIG-I scaffolding role not integrated
  14. 2024 Medium

    Extended the autophagy/ULK1 axis to bone biology: NDR2 negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis via ULK1 instability and enhanced mito/autophagy.

    Evidence Myeloid-specific KO mice, autophagy/mitophagy assays, ULK1 stability, ULK1-inhibitor rescue

    PMID:39561008

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link to the TRIM27/ULK1 circuit not formally tested
    • Single lab
  15. 2024 Medium

    Identified de-SUMOylation by SENP2 as an activating modification that destabilizes p21 and accelerates G1/S transition.

    Evidence SUMOylation/de-SUMOylation assays, SENP2 Co-IP, kinase activity and p21 stability assays in lung cancer cells

    PMID:38908669

    Open questions at the time
    • SUMO site on NDR2 and mechanism of activity gain not mapped
    • Single context
  16. 2025 High

    Refined ciliary trafficking: NDR2 phosphorylates Rabin8 Ser-272 at trans-Golgi exit sites with VAMP7 to support rhodopsin transport carrier formation in photoreceptors.

    Evidence Transgenic Xenopus rods with phospho-mimetic/null Rabin8, VAMP7 Co-IP, live/confocal imaging

    PMID:39774853

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of Golgi-exit-site versus peroxisomal NDR2 pools for Rabin8 phosphorylation unresolved
  17. 2025 High

    Established a kinase-independent Hippo-inhibitory mechanism: STK38L competitively binds MOB1 to disrupt the LATS-MOB1 complex and activate YAP, conserved to Drosophila and required for ovarian tumor growth.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, kinase-dead mutant, Drosophila Tricornered wing assay, ovarian cancer viability and TEAD-inhibitor assays

    PMID:42128666

    Open questions at the time
    • How the kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions are balanced in a cell unresolved
  18. 2025 Medium

    Linked NDR2 to autophagosome biogenesis (ATG9A-dependent), lysosomal fusion, and Golgi repositioning during migration, broadening its vesicular-trafficking role.

    Evidence siRNA/shRNA depletion, LC3-II Western, chloroquine fusion assay, Golgi/filopodia imaging in NSCLC cells

    PMID:41390758

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vitro reconstitution
    • Direct substrates in autophagosome/Golgi steps unidentified
  19. 2025 Medium

    Confirmed the neuronal integrin role at the synapse: NDR2 maintains phospho-β1-integrin to support synaptic density and CA1 LTP.

    Evidence Ndr2-null mice, phospho-β1-integrin immunostaining, synaptic density, LTP electrophysiology with RGD rescue

    PMID:40439020

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct synaptic integrin substrate phosphorylation by NDR2 not biochemically isolated
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the diverse post-translational inputs (phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination) and distinct subcellular pools (peroxisome, Golgi exit sites, endosomes) are integrated to select among NDR2's many substrates and its kinase-independent MOB1 function remains unresolved.
  • No unifying model linking modification state to substrate choice
  • Spatial coordination of multiple localized pools undefined
  • Kinase-dependent versus kinase-independent function switching uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 7 GO:0016740 transferase activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1 GO:0005777 peroxisome 1 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2
Partners
MOB1MOB2RABIN8RIG-ISMURF1TRIM25TRIM27ULK1
Complex memberships
RIG-I/TRIM25 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 Human NDR2 is excluded from the nucleus and exhibits a punctate cytoplasmic distribution, distinct from NDR1's nuclear localization. NDR2 forms stable complexes with human Mob2 (homologous to S. cerevisiae Mob1/Mob2), and this association dramatically stimulates NDR2 catalytic activity. Immunoprecipitation from Jurkat T-cells, co-localization in HeLa cells, kinase activity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 15067004
2004 NDR2 is activated by multi-site phosphorylation: Ser-282 is autophosphorylated in vivo (activation segment), while Thr-442 (hydrophobic motif) is targeted by an upstream kinase. S100B, an EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein, stimulates NDR2 autophosphorylation in vitro. NDR2 exhibits predominantly cytoplasmic localization. In vitro kinase assay, phospho-site mutagenesis, okadaic acid treatment, subcellular fractionation/immunofluorescence The Journal of biological chemistry High 15037617
2004 NDR2 associates with the actin cytoskeleton in somata, neurites, filopodia, spines, and cell contacts in PC12 cells and cortical neurons. Overexpression of NDR2 causes decreased cell spreading and changes in neurite outgrowth associated with protein serine phosphorylation. EGFP fusion protein expression, co-precipitation, pull-down assay, transfection in PC12 cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15308672
2005 NDR2 is incorporated into HIV-1 virions and cleaved by HIV-1 protease both within virions and producer cells. Truncation at the protease cleavage site inhibited NDR2 enzymatic activity and altered its subcellular localization. Virion incorporation assay, in vitro/in cell HIV-1 protease cleavage, kinase activity assay, subcellular localization imaging Virology Medium 15582665
2006 NDR2 directly phosphorylates ARK5 at conserved Thr-211 on its activation T-loop during IGF-1 signaling, thereby activating ARK5 to promote cell survival and invasion. NDR2 activation itself requires phosphorylation at Thr-75 (S100B binding, Ca2+- and PLC-γ-dependent), Ser-282 (autophosphorylation, most critical), and Thr-442 (PDK-1 dependent). In vitro kinase assay, phospho-site mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, IGF-1 stimulation in colorectal cancer cell lines The Journal of biological chemistry High 16488889
2013 NDR2 phosphorylates Rabin8 (a Rab8 GEF) at Ser-272, which switches Rabin8's binding specificity from phosphatidylserine (on pericentrosomal vesicles) to Sec15 (exocyst component), promoting Rab8 activation and ciliary membrane formation. Loss of this phosphorylation impairs preciliary membrane assembly and ciliogenesis. In vitro kinase assay, phospho-mimetic and phospho-null Rabin8 mutants, binding assays, ciliogenesis assay, immunofluorescence The EMBO journal High 23435566
2014 NDR2 controls integrin-dependent dendritic and axonal growth in hippocampal neurons by inducing phosphorylation of β1-integrin at Thr788/789, stimulating PKC- and CaMKII-dependent activation of β1-integrins, and promoting their exocytosis. NDR2 associates with integrin-positive early and recycling endosomes in primary hippocampal neurons. Kinase assay, phospho-β1-integrin detection, exocytosis assay, endosomal co-localization, Ndr2-null mutant mice analysis The Journal of neuroscience High 24719112
2017 NDR2 localizes to peroxisomes via a C-terminal PTS1-like sequence (Gly-Lys-Leu), binds the PTS1 receptor Pex5p, and is exposed on the cytosolic surface of peroxisomes. This peroxisomal localization is required for NDR2's function in promoting primary cilium formation, as an NDR2 mutant lacking the C-terminal Leu (NDR2-ΔL) fails to rescue ciliogenesis after NDR2 knockdown. Co-localization with peroxisome markers, Pex5p binding assay, topology analysis, ciliogenesis rescue assay, PEX gene knockdown The Journal of biological chemistry High 28122914
2018 NDR2 phosphorylates Filamin A (FLNa) at Ser-2152 upon TCR stimulation in T cells, promoting dissociation of FLNa from LFA-1 and enabling subsequent Talin and Kindlin-3 association that stabilizes the open (active) conformation of LFA-1. Ndr2-deficient T cells show impaired TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation. Kinase assay, phospho-specific antibody detection, co-immunoprecipitation, LFA-1 conformation assay, Ndr2 KO T cell analysis Frontiers in immunology High 30568657
2018 NDR2 interacts directly with GEF-H1 (which contains the NDR phosphorylation consensus motif HXRXXS/T), leading to GEF-H1 phosphorylation, RhoB inactivation, YAP activation, and cytokinesis defects. This pathway operates downstream of RASSF1A loss in human bronchial epithelial cells. siRNA/shRNA depletion, co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assay, epistasis (RASSF1A/NDR2/GEF-H1/RhoB/YAP), cytokinesis assay Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 30979377
2019 NDR2 directly associates with both RIG-I and TRIM25, facilitating formation of the RIG-I/TRIM25 complex and enhancing TRIM25-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I, which is required for antiviral innate immune signaling. NDR2 conditional knockout mice (Lysm+NDR2f/f) show impaired antiviral immune response. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, NDR2 KO/overexpression, kinase-inactive mutant overexpression, antiviral cytokine measurement Science advances High 30775439
2018 NDR2 inhibits IL-17 signaling by interacting with Smurf1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting Smurf1-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of MEKK2, thereby suppressing IL-17-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation. siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, cytokine expression measurement Molecular immunology Medium 30504095
2019 NDR2 can be acetylated at K463 in cells; SIRT1 acts as the major deacetylase for NDR2, while p300 and CBP function as acetyltransferases. In SIRT1-deficient cells, HDAC6 and HDAC1/2 can deacetylate NDR2. Mass spectrometry identification of acetylation site, co-immunoprecipitation with deacetylases/acetyltransferases, acetylation assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 31427083
2022 TRIM27 catalyzes non-degradative K6- and K11-linked ubiquitination of STK38L/NDR2 during starvation-induced autophagy. This ubiquitination activates STK38L, which then phosphorylates ULK1 at Ser495, rendering ULK1 permissive for TRIM27-mediated K48-linked hyper-ubiquitination and degradation of ULK1, thereby restraining autophagy amplitude. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay (K6/K11/K48 linkage-specific), phosphorylation assay (ULK1-Ser495), STK38L KO/overexpression, autophagy flux assay, Trim27 KO mice The EMBO journal High 35670107
2022 STK38L, induced by serum response factor (SRF) downstream of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling, phosphorylates IRF3 at Ser303, preventing IRF3 proteasomal degradation in the resting (non-infected) state and ensuring sufficient IRF3 for antiviral response upon infection. STK38L-deficient mice exhibit compromised innate antiviral responses. Phosphorylation assay (IRF3-Ser303), STK38L KO mice, serum deprivation/LPA treatment, antiviral response measurement Cell reports High 36417850
2024 NDR2 promotes SENP2-mediated de-SUMOylation, which improves NDR2 kinase activity, leading to instability of p21 and acceleration of G1/S cell cycle transition in lung cancer cells. SUMOylation assay, SENP2 co-immunoprecipitation, NDR2 kinase activity assay, p21 protein stability assay, siRNA knockdown European journal of pharmacology Medium 38908669
2024 NDR2 negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis through a mechanism involving enhancement of autophagy and mitophagy via ULK1 instability. Myeloid-specific NDR2-deficient mice show lower bone mass and exacerbated bone loss, and this phenotype is rescued by a ULK1 inhibitor. NDR2 KO/overexpression, myeloid-specific conditional KO mice, mitophagy/autophagy assays, ULK1 stability assay, in vivo bone phenotyping, ULK1 inhibitor rescue JCI insight Medium 39561008
2025 NDR2 phosphorylates Rabin8 at S272 at the trans-Golgi/Golgi exit sites (GESs), where NDR2 co-localizes with Rabin8 and the RTC-associated R-SNARE VAMP7. Phospho-mimetic Rabin8-S272E integrates into rhodopsin transport carriers (RTCs) and supports Rab8 GEF activity for ciliary trafficking; non-phosphorylatable S272A causes GES enlargement and impairs rhodopsin Golgi-to-cilia trafficking. Xenopus laevis transgenic rod photoreceptors expressing GFP-Rabin8 mutants, co-immunoprecipitation with VAMP7, live/confocal imaging, phospho-mimetic/null mutagenesis Journal of cell science High 39774853
2025 STK38L (NDR2) inhibits the Hippo pathway by competitively binding to MOB1 and disrupting the LATS-MOB1 complex, in a manner independent of STK38L kinase activity. This mechanism is conserved in Drosophila, where the ortholog Tricornered similarly impairs Warts-Mats complex formation. STK38L is required for ovarian tumor growth, and its amplification correlates with YAP activation. Co-immunoprecipitation (MOB1/LATS/STK38L), kinase-dead mutant analysis, Drosophila wing size assay (Tricornered), ovarian cancer cell viability assay, TEAD inhibitor sensitivity assay Genes & development High 42128666
2025 NDR2 participates in autophagosome biogenesis in NSCLC cells in an ATG9A-dependent manner, as shown by increased LC3-II expression. NDR2 is also required for lysosomal trafficking/fusion with autophagosomes. NDR2 silencing disrupts Golgi repositioning to the leading edge during cell migration under serum deprivation, impairing filopodia formation and cell polarization. siRNA/shRNA NDR2 depletion, LC3-II Western blot, chloroquine autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibition assay, Golgi repositioning imaging, filopodia quantification Cell death discovery Medium 41390758
2025 NDR2 deficiency in hippocampal neurons reduces phosphorylated β1-integrin (Thr788/789) at synaptic sites, leading to decreased synaptic density and reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1; this LTP deficit can be rescued by RGD peptide-mediated integrin activation, suggesting NDR2 regulates synapse formation and plasticity via integrin-dependent mechanisms. NDR2 null mutant mice, phospho-β1-integrin immunostaining, synaptic density quantification, electrophysiology (LTP), RGD peptide rescue, primary hippocampal neuron cultures Journal of neurochemistry Medium 40439020
2017 STK38L depletion in KRAS-dependent PDAC cell lines induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, accompanied by increased LATS2 expression and p21 upregulation. LATS2 depletion partially rescues the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of STK38L depletion, placing STK38L upstream of LATS2 in this context. RNAi knockdown, apoptosis assay, proliferation assay, LATS2/p21 protein expression, epistasis rescue (double KD) Oncotarget Medium 29108249

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 37 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Identification of new genes ndr2 and ndr3 which are related to Ndr1/RTP/Drg1 but show distinct tissue specificity and response to N-myc. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 108 10581191
2004 Human Mob proteins regulate the NDR1 and NDR2 serine-threonine kinases. The Journal of biological chemistry 85 15067004
2013 NDR2-mediated Rabin8 phosphorylation is crucial for ciliogenesis by switching binding specificity from phosphatidylserine to Sec15. The EMBO journal 84 23435566
2004 Regulation of NDR2 protein kinase by multi-site phosphorylation and the S100B calcium-binding protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 15037617
2022 TRIM27 cooperates with STK38L to inhibit ULK1-mediated autophagy and promote tumorigenesis. The EMBO journal 56 35670107
2010 Exonic SINE insertion in STK38L causes canine early retinal degeneration (erd). Genomics 53 20887780
2004 Neuronal functions of the novel serine/threonine kinase Ndr2. The Journal of biological chemistry 51 15308672
2014 The serine/threonine kinase Ndr2 controls integrin trafficking and integrin-dependent neurite growth. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 46 24719112
2019 NDR2 promotes the antiviral immune response via facilitating TRIM25-mediated RIG-I activation in macrophages. Science advances 43 30775439
2018 Induction of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by miR-493-3p directly targeting AKT2, STK38L, HMGA2, ETS1 and E2F5. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 37 30392041
2005 HIV-1 incorporates and proteolytically processes human NDR1 and NDR2 serine-threonine kinases. Virology 36 15582665
2011 Photoreceptor cell death, proliferation and formation of hybrid rod/S-cone photoreceptors in the degenerating STK38L mutant retina. PloS one 31 21980341
2019 NDR2 kinase contributes to cell invasion and cytokinesis defects induced by the inactivation of RASSF1A tumor-suppressor gene in lung cancer cells. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 30 30979377
2006 NDR2 acts as the upstream kinase of ARK5 during insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 16488889
2018 Filamin A Phosphorylation at Serine 2152 by the Serine/Threonine Kinase Ndr2 Controls TCR-Induced LFA-1 Activation in T Cells. Frontiers in immunology 28 30568657
2019 Two novel genetic variants in the STK38L and RAB27A genes are associated with glioma susceptibility. International journal of cancer 19 30714141
2018 Hippo kinase NDR2 inhibits IL-17 signaling by promoting Smurf1-mediated MEKK2 ubiquitination and degradation. Molecular immunology 18 30504095
2017 Localization of Protein Kinase NDR2 to Peroxisomes and Its Role in Ciliogenesis. The Journal of biological chemistry 13 28122914
2018 Ndr2 Kinase Controls Neurite Outgrowth and Dendritic Branching Through α1 Integrin Expression. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 12 29559888
2019 SIRT1 and p300/CBP regulate the reversible acetylation of serine-threonine kinase NDR2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 31427083
2023 Hypoxia-induced activation of NDR2 underlies brain metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cell death & disease 10 38092743
2017 STK38L kinase ablation promotes loss of cell viability in a subset of KRAS-dependent pancreatic cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 10 29108249
2024 NDR2 is critical for osteoclastogenesis by regulating ULK1-mediated mitophagy. JCI insight 7 39561008
2018 Analysis of novel domain-specific mutations in the zebrafish ndr2/cyclops gene generated using CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs. Journal of genetics 7 30555080
2021 Transgenic modeling of Ndr2 gene amplification reveals disturbance of hippocampus circuitry and function. iScience 6 34381982
2024 SENP2-NDR2-p21 axis modulates lung cancer cell growth. European journal of pharmacology 5 38908669
2023 Silencing of dentate gyrus inhibits mossy fiber sprouting and prevents epileptogenesis through NDR2 kinase in pentylenetetrazole kindling rat model of TLE. PloS one 4 37043471
2022 LPA maintains innate antiviral immunity in a pro-active state via STK38L-mediated IRF3 Ser303 phosphorylation. Cell reports 4 36417850
2020 Zebrafish Cdx1b modulates epithalamic asymmetry by regulating ndr2 and lft1 expression. Developmental biology 4 33197427
2025 Rabin8 phosphorylated by NDR2, the canine early retinal degeneration gene product, directs rhodopsin Golgi-to-cilia trafficking. Journal of cell science 3 39774853
2024 Role of STK38L in atrial fibrillation-associated myocardial fibrosis: findings from RNA-seq analysis. Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy 3 39513131
2016 [Role of PLAT, PKHD1L1, STK38L and TEAD1 genes Alu-polymorphism for longevity]. Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii 2 28556638
2025 NDR2 kinase: A review of its physiological role and involvement in carcinogenesis. International journal of biological macromolecules 1 40311964
2025 The Serine/Threonine Kinase NDR2 Regulates Integrin Signaling, Synapse Formation, and Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus. Journal of neurochemistry 1 40439020
2025 NDR2 Kinase Regulates Microglial Metabolic Adaptation and Inflammatory Response: Critical Role in Glucose-Dependent Functional Plasticity. International journal of molecular sciences 1 41226665
2025 NDR2 regulates non-small cell lung cancer cell migration under starvation by supporting autophagosome biogenesis through LC3 and ATG9A regulation. Cell death discovery 1 41390758
2026 STK38/L promote tissue growth and cancer by inhibiting the Hippo pathway. Genes & development 0 42128666

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