Affinage

TRIM25

E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25 · UniProt Q14258

Length
630 aa
Mass
71.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 39 papers cited in narrative 39 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TRIM25 (EFP) is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase that operates at the interface of antiviral innate immunity, RNA surveillance, and cell-growth control, exerting its effects both through substrate ubiquitination and through ligase-independent RNA binding (PMID:17392790, PMID:12075357, PMID:35736141). In the canonical antiviral arm, TRIM25 mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of the RIG-I CARDs at Lys172 via a SPRY domain–CARD interaction, a modification originally defined as required for MAVS engagement and IFN-β production (PMID:17392790); this reaction is scaffolded and tuned by accessory factors including the lncRNA Lnczc3h7a, which stabilizes the RIG-I–TRIM25 complex, and the NDR2 kinase acting as a non-catalytic scaffold (PMID:31036902, PMID:30775439), and is restrained by NLRP12 binding (PMID:30902577). A substantial body of work establishes that TRIM25 is itself a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein: it binds single- and double-stranded RNA through its SPRY domain and a lysine-rich linker, binds viral RNA in cells, and this RNA engagement modulates its ubiquitination activity, localization, and antiviral function (PMID:30342007, PMID:39353916). RNA-dependent regulation extends to liquid–liquid phase separation with G3BP1 in antiviral stress granules, which concentrates and enhances TRIM25 ligase activity (PMID:38750080), and to a pH-sensitive RNA-surveillance pathway in which acidic conditions raise TRIM25 RNA affinity to trigger turnover of exogenous mRNAs through the redundant nucleases N4BP1, KHNYN, and ZAP (PMID:40179174). TRIM25 also restricts viruses by ligase-independent mechanisms—binding influenza vRNPs to block viral RNA synthesis and destabilizing viral mRNAs—and partners with ZAP to enforce antiviral activity (PMID:29107643, PMID:35736141, PMID:28060952). Beyond immunity, TRIM25 was first characterized as an estrogen-responsive ligase driving proteasomal degradation of 14-3-3 sigma to promote cell-cycle progression and also functions as an ISG15 E3 ligase (PMID:12075357, PMID:16352599). It ubiquitinates a broad substrate set spanning oncogenic and tumor-suppressor pathways, including Keap1 (activating Nrf2 antioxidant defense) (PMID:31953436), PTEN (K63 ubiquitination restraining its membrane localization to activate AKT/mTOR) (PMID:33931764), PPARγ (PMID:30323259), ERG (PMID:27626314), RIP3 (K48-linked, suppressing necrosis) (PMID:33953350), and TRAF2 (K63-linked, enhancing NF-κB signaling) (PMID:32024699). TRIM25 activity is controlled post-translationally by USP15- and OTUD5-mediated deubiquitination that counter LUBAC-driven K48 degradation (PMID:24399297, PMID:32826889), by MAP3K13 phosphorylation at Ser12 that stabilizes the protein (PMID:31186535), and by neddylation at K117 that relieves RING steric hindrance to promote substrate engagement (PMID:38926803). Notably, clean genetic deletion established that endogenous TRIM25 is dispensable for RIG-I-dependent IFN responses—with RIPLET being the essential ligase—reframing TRIM25's antiviral role toward RNA-directed and substrate-directed mechanisms (PMID:31335993).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 23 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Established TRIM25's founding enzymatic identity: that it is a RING-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase coupling estrogen signaling to cell-cycle control by degrading a growth inhibitor.

    Evidence In vitro ubiquitination, antisense knockdown in MCF7 xenografts, and MEF knockout showing 14-3-3 sigma accumulation

    PMID:12075357

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define ubiquitin linkage type on 14-3-3 sigma
    • Did not address non-cell-cycle functions
  2. 2005 High

    Showed TRIM25 is bifunctional as both a ubiquitin and an ISG15 E3 ligase and is interferon-inducible, linking it to the IFN response before its RIG-I role was known.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown and RING-domain mutagenesis with ISGylation readout in 293T and MCF-7 cells

    PMID:16352599

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish physiological ISGylation targets beyond 14-3-3 sigma
    • Mechanism of E2 selection for ISG15 vs ubiquitin unresolved
  3. 2007 High

    Defined TRIM25 as the essential E3 ligase delivering K63-linked ubiquitin to RIG-I CARDs at Lys172, providing the molecular basis for RIG-I-driven antiviral interferon induction.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vivo ubiquitination, K172R mutagenesis, and Trim25-/- knockout with IFN-β phenotype

    PMID:17392790

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not anticipate redundancy with RIPLET
    • Did not resolve how the SPRY-CARD interaction is spatially coordinated with MAVS handoff
  4. 2007 Medium

    Resolved how TRIM25 ISG15 activity is autoregulated and how its expression is wired into IFN signaling, explaining its induction kinetics.

    Evidence K117R autoISGylation mutagenesis with UbcH6/UbcH8; ISRE/STAT1 EMSA and ChIP on the first intron

    PMID:17069755 PMID:17222803

    Open questions at the time
    • K117 was later found to also be a neddylation site, complicating interpretation
    • Autoregulatory loop not quantified in vivo
  5. 2011 Medium

    Extended TRIM25's substrate repertoire in estrogen-responsive growth control by identifying degradative targets beyond 14-3-3 sigma.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, knockdown/overexpression and cycloheximide chase for KLF5, ERα, and ATBF1

    PMID:17418098 PMID:21542805 PMID:22452784

    Open questions at the time
    • Linkage types and direct vs indirect ubiquitination not fully resolved
    • Physiological context restricted to overexpression/knockdown systems
  6. 2014 High

    Revealed that TRIM25 protein levels are gated by deubiquitination, defining a stability checkpoint that controls antiviral output.

    Evidence MS-based interactome, USP15-C269A catalytic mutant, knockdown with IFN and viral replication readouts

    PMID:24399297

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map the LUBAC-targeted lysines on TRIM25
    • Interplay with later-identified OTUD5 not addressed
  7. 2014 Medium

    Uncovered an RNA-cofactor role distinct from ubiquitination, showing TRIM25 directly binds pre-let-7 to activate uridylation, foreshadowing its identity as an RNA-binding protein.

    Evidence RNA pull-down with quantitative MS and in vitro uridylation assays

    PMID:25457611

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA-binding determinants not yet mapped
    • Relationship of this RNA role to ligase activity unclear
  8. 2015 High

    Demonstrated that viral RNA can subvert TRIM25 by blocking its deubiquitylation, defining a host-pathogen control point linked to viral fitness.

    Evidence Sequence-dependent sfRNA-TRIM25 binding, deubiquitylation assay, and DENV clade fitness comparison

    PMID:26138103

    Open questions at the time
    • TRIM25 RNA-binding interface for sfRNA not defined
    • Relationship to RIPLET redundancy not tested
  9. 2017 High

    Established TRIM25 as a required cofactor and ubiquitin source for ZAP-mediated translational restriction, broadening its antiviral mechanism beyond RIG-I.

    Evidence Genome-wide RNAi screen, RING and coiled-coil deletion mutants, ZAP ubiquitination and Sindbis translation inhibition assays

    PMID:28060952 PMID:28202764

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin linkage specificity on ZAP (K48 vs K63) mixed
    • Whether TRIM25-ZAP cooperation is IFN-dependent left open
  10. 2017 Medium

    Identified a ligase-independent nuclear antiviral activity, showing TRIM25 directly inhibits influenza RNA elongation by binding vRNPs.

    Evidence Nuclear fractionation, vRNP Co-IP, RNA synthesis assay with ligase-dead mutant

    PMID:29107643

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of vRNP recognition not defined
    • Quantitative contribution relative to IFN pathway unclear
  11. 2017 Medium

    Mapped the spatial choreography of RIG-I activation, placing TRIM25 at stress-granule-associated cytoplasmic dots from which ubiquitinated RIG-I transfers to mitochondrial MAVS.

    Evidence BiFC, super-resolution and live-cell imaging, Co-IP showing MAVS-TRIM25 competition for RIG-I

    PMID:27807226

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish whether condensation is required for activity
    • NS1 disruption of homocomplex not structurally resolved
  12. 2018 High

    Provided structural mechanism for viral antagonism, showing influenza NS1 binds the coiled-coil to mispositions the PRYSPRY domain and block substrate ubiquitination.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of coiled-coil-PRYSPRY and NS1 complexes with in vitro ubiquitination validation

    PMID:29739942

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of full-length TRIM25 on a substrate not solved
    • RING dimerization and chain synthesis shown unaffected, leaving substrate-positioning model partly inferential
  13. 2018 Medium

    Defined TRIM25 as a bona fide RNA-binding protein and connected RNA binding causally to its ligase activity, localization, and antiviral function.

    Evidence In vitro RNA binding (gel shift, filter binding), in vitro ubiquitination, localization and antiviral reporter assays with domain mutagenesis

    PMID:30342007

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise RNA-binding residues not yet resolved (addressed later)
    • RNA sequence/structure preference in cells undefined
  14. 2018 Medium

    Broadened TRIM25's oncogenic substrate network, identifying PPARγ degradation controlling adipocyte differentiation.

    Evidence Ubiquitination assay and TRIM25 knockout MEF differentiation phenotype

    PMID:30323259

    Open questions at the time
    • Linkage type on PPARγ not defined
    • Single-lab, limited cellular context
  15. 2019 High

    Overturned the founding paradigm by showing endogenous TRIM25 is dispensable for RIG-I-dependent IFN responses, with RIPLET being the essential ligase.

    Evidence CRISPR knockout of Trim25, Riplet, and Rig-i in mouse and human cells, IFN reporter and viral assays, plus in vivo IAV infection

    PMID:31335993

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the alternative antiviral mechanism explaining increased IAV susceptibility
    • Reconciliation with prior overexpression-based RIG-I data left to subsequent RNA-directed studies
  16. 2019 High

    Identified scaffolding and inhibitory partners (Lnczc3h7a, NDR2, NLRP12) that gate TRIM25-RIG-I complex assembly, refining how its activity is set in cells.

    Evidence RNA-IP and Co-IP with ubiquitination assays, in vivo lncRNA knockdown, and conditional knockout mice for NDR2 and NLRP12

    PMID:30775439 PMID:30902577 PMID:31036902

    Open questions at the time
    • These results coexist with the RIPLET-redundancy finding, leaving the in vivo weight of TRIM25-RIG-I unresolved
    • Stoichiometry of scaffold complexes undefined
  17. 2019 Medium

    Connected TRIM25 stability control to oncogenesis, showing MAP3K13 phosphorylation at Ser12 protects TRIM25 from degradation to drive Myc stabilization.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, ubiquitination assay, S12 mutagenesis, and xenograft tumor model (FBXW7α/Myc axis)

    PMID:31186535

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve which degradative ligase Ser12 phosphorylation counteracts
    • FBXW7α K412 ubiquitination linkage not characterized
  18. 2020 High

    Expanded TRIM25's pro-survival substrate axes, defining Keap1 degradation (Nrf2 activation), TRAF2 K63 ubiquitination (NF-κB), and an OTUD5 deubiquitination control node.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, knockout/knockdown with ER stress, NF-κB reporter, and xenograft readouts

    PMID:31953436 PMID:32024699 PMID:32826889

    Open questions at the time
    • Substrate selectivity rules among these competing targets undefined
    • How RNA binding influences these non-immune substrates not tested
  19. 2021 Medium

    Defined TRIM25's roles in cell-death and growth-signaling control through linkage-specific ubiquitination of RIP3 (K48, anti-necrosis) and PTEN (K63, AKT/mTOR activation).

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination with K501R and K266 mutagenesis, knockout necrosis assay, and PTEN localization/phosphatase assays

    PMID:33931764 PMID:33953350

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue specificity of these substrate choices unclear
    • Single-lab findings without reciprocal validation
  20. 2022 Medium

    Demonstrated that TRIM25 restricts viruses by ligase-independent RNA destabilization and by direct ubiquitination of stress-granule/RNA-metabolism substrates, establishing RNA-directed antiviral mechanisms separate from RIG-I.

    Evidence ΔRBD/ΔRING mutants and tethering assays for IAV mRNA decay; R54P substrate-trap MS identifying G3BP1/2, UPF1, NME1, PABPC4; EBOV vRNP/NP ubiquitination

    PMID:35533151 PMID:35736141 PMID:36067236

    Open questions at the time
    • Endonuclease(s) executing TRIM25-directed RNA decay not yet identified here
    • Which substrates are functionally dominant for restriction unresolved
  21. 2024 High

    Resolved the molecular determinants and condensation behavior of TRIM25 RNA binding, mapping RNA-binding residues, demonstrating viral-RNA binding by iCLIP2, and showing dsRNA-driven phase separation with G3BP1 enhances ligase activity.

    Evidence iCLIP2 and biophysical mapping with TRIM25-m9 mutant; LLPS assays, live-cell imaging, ubiquitination and viral replication assays

    PMID:38750080 PMID:39353916

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo requirement of condensation for restriction not genetically dissected
    • Link between RNA-binding map and specific substrate ubiquitination incomplete
  22. 2024 Medium

    Showed neddylation at K117 is a positive activating modification, relieving RING steric hindrance to promote substrate engagement and TFEB-driven autophagy.

    Evidence UBC12 neddylation, K117 mutagenesis, molecular dynamics, ubiquitination assay, and xenograft model in TNBC

    PMID:38926803

    Open questions at the time
    • K117 is also an autoISGylation site, and crosstalk between these modifications is unresolved
    • Structural model relies partly on docking/MD rather than experimental structure
  23. 2025 High

    Established TRIM25 as a pH-sensitive sensor of exogenous RNA that triggers mRNA turnover, with direct relevance to mRNA-therapeutic evasion via nucleoside modification.

    Evidence Genome-wide CRISPR screen, pH-dependent RNA-affinity measurements, mRNA stability assays, and knockout of N4BP1/KHNYN/ZAP

    PMID:40179174

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of pH-dependent affinity switch not defined
    • Whether endogenous RNA turnover uses the same mechanism unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how TRIM25 integrates its RNA-sensing, condensate, and ligase activities into a unified in vivo function, and what its dominant physiological role is given that it is dispensable for RIG-I-dependent IFN yet broadly active across antiviral and oncogenic substrate networks.
  • No structure of full-length TRIM25 engaging RNA and substrate together
  • Quantitative ranking of physiologically dominant substrates lacking
  • Crosstalk among K117 neddylation/ISGylation and Ser12 phosphorylation not integrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016874 ligase activity 7 GO:0003723 RNA binding 5 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0031386 protein tag activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 7 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 4 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
G3BP1G3BP2NLRP12OTUD5RIG-ITRAF2USP15ZAP
Complex memberships
RIG-I–TRIM25 complexantiviral stress granules (with G3BP1)

Evidence

Reading pass · 39 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 TRIM25 (EFP) is a RING-finger-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I CARDs at Lys172, which is required for RIG-I downstream signaling, MAVS binding, and antiviral interferon production. The C-terminal SPRY domain of TRIM25 interacts with the N-terminal CARDs of RIG-I to deliver the ubiquitin moiety. Gene targeting confirmed TRIM25 is essential for RIG-I ubiquitination and IFN-β production in response to RNA virus infection. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo ubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K172R), gene knockout (Trim25-/- cells), reporter assays Nature High 17392790
2002 EFP (TRIM25) is a RING-finger-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets 14-3-3 sigma for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, thereby promoting G2→S cell cycle progression and breast cancer cell proliferation. Loss of EFP in MEFs leads to accumulation of 14-3-3 sigma and reduced cell growth. In vitro ubiquitination assay, antisense knockdown in MCF7 xenografts, MEF knockout analysis, cell proliferation assays Nature High 12075357
2005 EFP (TRIM25) functions as an ISG15 E3 ligase for 14-3-3 sigma, in addition to its ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. EFP's RING domain is required for ISGylation activity, and EFP expression is interferon-inducible. RNAi knockdown of EFP decreased ISGylation of 14-3-3 sigma in 293T cells and MCF-7 cells upon interferon treatment. siRNA knockdown, in vivo ISGylation assay, RING domain mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 16352599
2007 EFP (TRIM25) undergoes autoISGylation at Lys117, mediated by UbcH6 and UbcH8 E2 enzymes and dependent on the RING domain. AutoISGylation of EFP negatively regulates its ISG15 E3 ligase activity toward 14-3-3 sigma (ISGylation-resistant mutant EFP-K117R shows enhanced ISGylation of 14-3-3 sigma). Site-directed mutagenesis (K117R), in vivo ISGylation assay, E2 co-expression experiments Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 17222803
2007 EFP (TRIM25) mRNA and protein are upregulated by Type I IFN in HeLa and HepG2 cells; the first intron contains a functional ISRE that binds STAT1 (verified by EMSA and ChIP). EFP protein is conjugated with both ubiquitin and ISG15 in an IFN-dependent manner. Luciferase reporter assay, EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Western blot Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 17069755
2011 EFP (TRIM25) mediates estrogen-induced degradation of KLF5 protein; EFP interacts with and ubiquitinates KLF5, and EFP knockdown increases KLF5 protein levels while overexpression decreases them even when protein synthesis is blocked. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, cycloheximide chase The Biochemical journal Medium 21542805
2007 EFP (TRIM25) interacts with ERα, ubiquitinates it, and promotes its degradation. In the presence of estrogen, EFP-ERα interaction is enhanced, leading to robust interaction with co-activator Tip60 and activation of ERα transcriptional activity. A dominant negative RING-deleted EFP prolonged ERα half-life and inhibited ERα-mediated transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro and in vivo ubiquitination assay, dominant-negative mutagenesis, transcriptional reporter assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 17418098
2012 EFP (TRIM25) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating oestrogen-induced degradation of the tumor suppressor ATBF1. EFP interacts with and ubiquitinates ATBF1; knockdown of EFP increases ATBF1 levels and overexpression decreases them. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression experiments The Biochemical journal Medium 22452784
2014 USP15 deubiquitylates TRIM25, preventing LUBAC-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TRIM25. USP15 was identified as a TRIM25 interaction partner by protein purification and mass spectrometry. Catalytically inactive USP15 failed to stabilize TRIM25. USP15 knockdown enhanced TRIM25 ubiquitination, reduced IFN production, and enhanced viral replication. Protein purification, mass spectrometry, Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, catalytic mutant (USP15-C269A), IFN reporter assay Science signaling High 24399297
2015 Dengue virus subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) binds TRIM25 in a sequence-dependent manner and prevents its deubiquitylation, which is critical for sustained and amplified RIG-I-induced type I IFN expression. PR-2B DENV-2 produced more sfRNA relative to genomic RNA and showed greater epidemiological fitness via this mechanism. RNA-protein binding assay, ubiquitination/deubiquitylation assay, viral fitness comparison between DENV clades Science (New York, N.Y.) High 26138103
2015 TRIM25 has a dual role in the p53/Mdm2 circuit: TRIM25 inhibits ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of both p53 and Mdm2, increasing their abundance. Despite increased p53 levels, TRIM25 inhibits p53 transcriptional activity by interfering with p300-Mdm2 interaction (a critical step for p53 polyubiquitination). TRIM25 knockdown increases p53 acetylation and p53-dependent cell death. In medaka, TRIM25 knockdown-induced apoptosis was rescued by co-knockdown of p53. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, genetic epistasis (medaka knockdown rescue), p53 transcriptional activity assay, apoptosis assay Oncogene Medium 25728675
2014 TRIM25 acts as an RNA-specific cofactor for Lin28a/TuT4-mediated uridylation: it binds to the conserved terminal loop (CTL) of pre-let-7 and activates TuT4, allowing more efficient Lin28a-mediated uridylation. This function was identified via RNA pull-downs coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry. RNA pull-down, quantitative mass spectrometry, uridylation assay, RNA binding experiments Cell reports Medium 25457611
2017 TRIM25 enhances ZAP's antiviral activity by interacting with ZAP through the SPRY domain. Both TRIM25's RING domain (ligase activity) and coiled-coil domain (oligomerization) are required. TRIM25 increases K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitination of ZAP and is critical for ZAP's ability to inhibit translation of incoming Sindbis virus genome. Co-immunoprecipitation, genome-wide RNAi screen, RING and coiled-coil domain deletion mutants, viral replication assay, translation inhibition assay PLoS pathogens High 28060952
2017 TRIM25 is required for the antiviral activity of ZAP; TRIM25 E3 ligase activity is required for this function. TRIM25 mediates ZAP ubiquitination and modulates ZAP's target RNA-binding activity. Downregulation of endogenous ubiquitin or overexpression of OTUB1 deubiquitinase impaired ZAP's antiviral activity. siRNA knockdown, E3 ligase mutant, ubiquitination assay, RNA-binding assay, viral replication assay Journal of virology Medium 28202764
2017 Nuclear TRIM25 specifically binds to influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) and inhibits viral RNA synthesis independently of its ubiquitin ligase activity and the interferon pathway. TRIM25 does not block initiation of viral mRNA synthesis but prevents movement of RNA into the polymerase complex (blocks RNA chain elongation). NS1 can inhibit this nuclear TRIM25 function. Nuclear fractionation, Co-IP with vRNPs, RNA synthesis assay, ubiquitin ligase-dead mutant, viral replication assay Cell host & microbe Medium 29107643
2018 Crystal structure of the human TRIM25 coiled-coil–PRYSPRY module and of complexes with influenza NS1 revealed that NS1 binding to the coiled-coil domain interferes with correct positioning of the PRYSPRY domain required for substrate ubiquitination, explaining how NS1 suppresses RIG-I ubiquitination. NS1 binding does not affect RING dimerization or unanchored K63-linked poly-Ub chain synthesis. X-ray crystallography, in vitro ubiquitination assay, structural mutagenesis Nature communications High 29739942
2018 TRIM25 binds both single-stranded and double-stranded RNA. Multiple regions including the C-terminal SPRY domain and a lysine-rich linker motif contribute to RNA binding. RNA binding modulates TRIM25's ubiquitination activity in vitro, its subcellular localization in cells, and its antiviral activity. In vitro RNA binding assay (gel shift, filter binding), in vitro ubiquitination assay, subcellular fractionation/localization, antiviral reporter assay, domain mutagenesis Journal of molecular biology Medium 30342007
2018 TRIM25 interacts with G3BP2 and modulates p53 via the G3BP2/RanBP2-mediated p53 nuclear export mechanism in prostate cancer. TRIM25 knockdown activates p53 downstream cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis, while overexpression promotes proliferation. TRIM25 is required for G3BP2/RanBP2-mediated sumoylation of p53 leading to its cytoplasmic localization. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, apoptosis/cell cycle assays, xenograft model Oncogene Medium 29379164
2017 Upon viral infection, TRIM25 is redistributed into cytoplasmic dots associated with stress granules, while RIG-I associates with TRIM25/stress granules and then with mitochondrial MAVS. MAVS competes with TRIM25 for RIG-I binding, suggesting that upon TRIM25-mediated K63-ubiquitination, RIG-I moves from TRIM25 to MAVS at mitochondria. Influenza NS1 inhibits TRIM25 homocomplex formation but not RIG-I/TRIM25 heterocomplex formation. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), super-resolution microscopy, live-cell imaging, Co-IP Journal of virology Medium 27807226
2019 NLRP12 binds TRIM25 through its nucleotide-binding domain, preventing TRIM25-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination and activation of RIG-I. NLRP12 also enhances RNF125-mediated K48-linked degradative ubiquitination of RIG-I. VSV infection downregulates NLRP12 to allow RIG-I activation. Myeloid-specific Nlrp12-deficient mice show heightened IFN and TNF responses and are more resistant to VSV. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, conditional knockout mice, viral infection assay Cell host & microbe High 30902577
2019 TRIM25 deletion does not affect the IFN response to influenza A/B, Sendai virus, or RIG-I agonists in mouse or human cell lines, and does not affect RIG-I ubiquitination endogenously, in contrast to RIPLET deletion which completely abrogates RIG-I-dependent IFN responses. Despite this, TRIM25 loss increases susceptibility to IAV infection in vivo, suggesting an alternative antiviral role. CRISPR knockout (Trim25, Riplet, Rig-i), IFN reporter assay, viral replication assay, in vivo mouse infection Immunology and cell biology High 31335993
2019 MAP3K13 phosphorylates TRIM25 at Ser12, decreasing its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Stabilized TRIM25 then ubiquitinates FBXW7α at Lys412, preventing Myc ubiquitination and promoting Myc protein stability and tumor development. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, ubiquitination assay, phosphorylation site mutagenesis, xenograft tumor model Cell death and differentiation Medium 31186535
2019 The lncRNA Lnczc3h7a binds to both TRIM25 and activated RIG-I, serving as a molecular scaffold that stabilizes the RIG-I–TRIM25 complex at early stages of viral infection. This facilitates TRIM25-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and promotes downstream antiviral signaling. Depletion of Lnczc3h7a impairs RIG-I signaling in vitro and in vivo. RNA immunoprecipitation, Co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination assay, lncRNA knockdown in vivo Nature immunology Medium 31036902
2020 TRIM25 directly ubiquitinates Keap1, leading to its proteasomal degradation and consequent Nrf2 activation, which bolsters antioxidant defense and promotes ER-associated degradation and cell survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Depletion of TRIM25 causes ER stress and attenuates tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, TRIM25 knockout/knockdown, xenograft model, ER stress assays Nature communications High 31953436
2020 OTUD5 deubiquitinase deubiquitinates TRIM25, altering its ubiquitination level. OTUD5 depletion leads to enhanced TRIM25 transcriptional activity and inhibited PML expression, promoting tumor growth. RNAi screen, Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, xenograft model Nature communications Medium 32826889
2020 TRIM25 interacts with TRAF2 and promotes K63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF2, enhancing TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. TRIM25 bridges the interaction between TRAF2 and TAK1 or IKKβ. Knockdown of TRIM25 reduces NF-κB signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, NF-κB reporter assay Journal of immunology Medium 32024699
2021 TRIM25 directly interacts with RIP3 through its SPRY domain and mediates K48-linked polyubiquitination of RIP3 at Lys501 via its RING domain, promoting proteasomal degradation of RIP3 and inhibiting TNF-induced cell necrosis. TRIM25 deficiency inhibits RIP3 ubiquitination and promotes necrosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K501R), TRIM25 knockout, cell necrosis assay Cell death and differentiation Medium 33953350
2021 TRIM25 activates AKT/mTOR signaling in NSCLC by binding PTEN and mediating K63-linked ubiquitination at K266, which prevents PTEN plasma membrane translocation and reduces its phosphatase activity, thereby accumulating PI(3,4,5)P3. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K266), PTEN localization assay, phosphatase activity assay Acta pharmacologica Sinica Medium 33931764
2018 TRIM25 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase of PPARγ that directly ubiquitinates PPARγ, leading to its proteasome-dependent degradation. Stable TRIM25 expression suppresses adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells; TRIM25 knockout MEFs show increased adipocyte differentiation capability. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, TRIM25 knockout MEFs, adipocyte differentiation assay Experimental & molecular medicine Medium 30323259
2022 TRIM25 interacts with the EBOV vRNP, undergoes autoubiquitination, and ubiquitinates viral nucleoprotein (NP). TRIM25 is recruited to incoming vRNPs shortly after cell entry and causes dissociation of NP from vRNA. TRIM25 antiviral activity against EBOV requires ZAP and is modulated by CpG content of viral genome. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, confocal microscopy (TRIM25 recruitment to vRNPs), TRIM25 knockout, ISG screen PLoS pathogens Medium 35533151
2022 TRIM25 binds and destabilizes influenza A virus mRNAs independently of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and independently of the RIG-I/IFN pathway. Direct tethering of TRIM25 to RNA is sufficient to downregulate the targeted RNA. TRIM25 RNA-binding-deficient mutant (ΔRBD) and RING-dead mutant still inhibited IAV replication. TRIM25 is not required for RIG-I pathway activation by IAV-derived 5'-triphosphate RNA. TRIM25 mutant analysis (ΔRBD, ΔRING), tethering assay, viral replication assay, IFN pathway reporter assay, RNA stability assay Nucleic acids research Medium 35736141
2022 TRIM25 ubiquitinates multiple substrates identified by a substrate-trapping R54P catalytic mutant, including G3BP1/2 (stress granule formation), UPF1 (NMD), NME1 (nucleoside synthesis), and PABPC4 (mRNA translation/stability). The R54P mutation abolishes TRIM25 inhibition of alphaviruses independently of the host IFN response, indicating direct ubiquitination-dependent antiviral activity. Substrate-trapping mutagenesis (R54P), mass spectrometry, knockdown of interactors, viral replication assay PLoS pathogens Medium 36067236
2024 TRIM25 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and co-condenses with the stress granule core protein G3BP1 in a dsRNA-dependent manner. This co-condensation into antiviral stress granules significantly enhances TRIM25's ubiquitination activity toward multiple antiviral proteins localized in SGs, and is critical for activating the RIG-I signaling pathway to restrain RNA virus infection. LLPS assay, co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging, ubiquitination assay, TRIM25 knockout, viral replication assay Nature communications Medium 38750080
2024 TRIM25's RNA-binding residues were comprehensively mapped using biophysical techniques, identifying key residues required for RNA interaction. A RNA-binding-deficient mutant (TRIM25-m9) was developed. iCLIP2 in virus-infected and uninfected cells showed TRIM25 binds specifically to viral RNA, and RNA binding is critical for TRIM25 antiviral activity. iCLIP2, biophysical RNA-binding assays, mutagenesis (TRIM25-m9), antiviral activity assay Nature communications High 39353916
2025 TRIM25 is a key suppressor of exogenous (LNP-delivered) mRNA turnover; it is activated by acidic pH (protons released from ruptured endosomes), increasing its RNA affinity and inducing turnover of both linear and circular exogenous mRNAs. The endoribonucleases N4BP1 and KHNYN and antiviral protein ZAP act redundantly downstream of TRIM25 in this surveillance pathway. N1-methylpseudouridine modification reduces TRIM25's RNA binding, enabling RNAs to evade suppression. Genome-wide CRISPR screen, RNA binding assay at varying pH, mRNA stability assay, KO of pathway components Science (New York, N.Y.) High 40179174
2021 TRIM25 inhibits IBDV replication by specifically interacting with and mediating K27-linked polyubiquitination of viral structural protein VP3 at Lys854, promoting its proteasomal degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K854R), viral replication assay in vitro and in vivo PLoS pathogens Medium 34516573
2019 NDR2 kinase directly associates with both RIG-I and TRIM25, facilitating the RIG-I–TRIM25 complex and enhancing TRIM25-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I. Both wild-type and kinase-inactive NDR2 potentiate antiviral IFN production, indicating the scaffolding rather than kinase activity mediates this effect. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, conditional knockout mice (Lysm+NDR2f/f), viral replication assay Science advances Medium 30775439
2016 TRIM25 (EFP) ubiquitinates and promotes degradation of ERG transcription factor in prostate cancer. TRIM25 binds full-length ERG and N-terminally truncated TMPRSS2-ERG fusion variants. TRIM25 polyubiquitinates ERG in vitro; inactivation of TRIM25 stabilizes ERG. ERG upregulates TRIM25 expression, creating a regulatory feedback. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay, TRIM25 inactivation, ERG protein stability assay Oncotarget Medium 27626314
2024 UBC12 transfers NEDD8 to TRIM25 at K117, and this neddylation modification reduces steric hindrance in the TRIM25 RING domain, facilitating TRIM25 binding to ubiquitylated substrates. Neddylated TRIM25 then promotes K63-polyubiquitination of TFEB, increasing TFEB nuclear translocation and autophagy gene transcription, thereby reducing TNBC sensitivity to paclitaxel. Co-IP, Western blot, molecular docking and dynamics simulation, ubiquitination assay, site mutagenesis (K117), xenograft model Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 38926803

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2007 TRIM25 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RIG-I-mediated antiviral activity. Nature 1426 17392790
2017 Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases. Journal of clinical periodontology 377 28266114
2013 Diabetes and periodontal diseases: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. Journal of periodontology 374 23631572
2013 Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. Journal of periodontology 363 23631582
2015 Dengue subgenomic RNA binds TRIM25 to inhibit interferon expression for epidemiological fitness. Science (New York, N.Y.) 341 26138103
2002 Efp targets 14-3-3 sigma for proteolysis and promotes breast tumour growth. Nature 322 12075357
2013 Diabetes and periodontal diseases: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. Journal of clinical periodontology 311 23627322
2013 Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. Journal of clinical periodontology 264 23627332
2005 The interferon-inducible ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) EFP also functions as an ISG15 E3 ligase. The Journal of biological chemistry 243 16352599
2020 TRIM25 promotes the cell survival and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Nature communications 227 31953436
2013 Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAPWorkshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. Journal of periodontology 226 29537596
2017 TRIM25 Enhances the Antiviral Action of Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP). PLoS pathogens 177 28060952
2019 The long noncoding RNA Lnczc3h7a promotes a TRIM25-mediated RIG-I antiviral innate immune response. Nature immunology 162 31036902
2018 Molecular mechanism of influenza A NS1-mediated TRIM25 recognition and inhibition. Nature communications 157 29739942
2014 The ubiquitin-specific protease USP15 promotes RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by deubiquitylating TRIM25. Science signaling 139 24399297
2017 TRIM25 Is Required for the Antiviral Activity of Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein. Journal of virology 125 28202764
2017 TRIM25 in the Regulation of the Antiviral Innate Immunity. Frontiers in immunology 123 29018447
2017 Nuclear TRIM25 Specifically Targets Influenza Virus Ribonucleoproteins to Block the Onset of RNA Chain Elongation. Cell host & microbe 101 29107643
2018 TRIM25 enhances cell growth and cell survival by modulating p53 signals via interaction with G3BP2 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 96 29379164
2016 The RNA- and TRIM25-Binding Domains of Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Are Essential for Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Interleukin-1β Secretion. Journal of virology 88 26865721
2019 RIPLET, and not TRIM25, is required for endogenous RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses. Immunology and cell biology 85 31335993
2019 NLRP12 Regulates Anti-viral RIG-I Activation via Interaction with TRIM25. Cell host & microbe 82 30902577
2023 EETs alleviate alveolar epithelial cell senescence by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through the Trim25/Keap1/Nrf2 axis. Redox biology 81 37269686
2017 Subcellular Localizations of RIG-I, TRIM25, and MAVS Complexes. Journal of virology 79 27807226
2019 Blockade of miR-3614 maturation by IGF2BP3 increases TRIM25 expression and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation. EBioMedicine 77 30797711
2018 TRIM25 Binds RNA to Modulate Cellular Anti-viral Defense. Journal of molecular biology 75 30342007
2019 Nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antagonizes the antiviral activity of TRIM25 by interfering with TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination. Veterinary microbiology 72 31176400
2018 Paramyxovirus V Proteins Interact with the RIG-I/TRIM25 Regulatory Complex and Inhibit RIG-I Signaling. Journal of virology 72 29321315
2015 TRIM25 has a dual function in the p53/Mdm2 circuit. Oncogene 72 25728675
2014 Trim25 Is an RNA-Specific Activator of Lin28a/TuT4-Mediated Uridylation. Cell reports 71 25457611
1995 Molecular cloning, structure, and expression of mouse estrogen-responsive finger protein Efp. Co-localization with estrogen receptor mRNA in target organs. The Journal of biological chemistry 71 7592654
2015 Stall no more at polyproline stretches with the translation elongation factors EF-P and IF-5A. Molecular microbiology 67 26416626
2020 A RIG-I-like receptor directs antiviral responses to a bunyavirus and is antagonized by virus-induced blockade of TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination. The Journal of biological chemistry 65 32471869
2019 The MAP3K13-TRIM25-FBXW7α axis affects c-Myc protein stability and tumor development. Cell death and differentiation 63 31186535
2021 SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Targets TRIM25-Mediated RIG-I Activation to Suppress Innate Immunity. Viruses 62 34452305
2017 Type I IFN augments IL-27-dependent TRIM25 expression to inhibit HBV replication. Cellular & molecular immunology 61 28194021
2000 Efp as a primary estrogen-responsive gene in human breast cancer. FEBS letters 61 10781795
2021 TRIM25 regulates oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer by promoting EZH2 stability. Cell death & disease 57 33966039
2020 TRIM25 and its emerging RNA-binding roles in antiviral defense. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 55 31990130
2017 An eFP browser for visualizing strawberry fruit and flower transcriptomes. Horticulture research 55 28674614
2016 TRIM25 blockade by RNA interference inhibited migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through TGF-β signaling. Scientific reports 54 26754079
2016 The role of Trim25 in development, disease and RNA metabolism. Biochemical Society transactions 49 27528750
2021 TRIM25 activates AKT/mTOR by inhibiting PTEN via K63-linked polyubiquitination in non-small cell lung cancer. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 48 33931764
2021 E3 ligase TRIM25 ubiquitinates RIP3 to inhibit TNF induced cell necrosis. Cell death and differentiation 48 33953350
2007 Negative regulation of ISG15 E3 ligase EFP through its autoISGylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 48 17222803
2020 JP3, an antiangiogenic peptide, inhibits growth and metastasis of gastric cancer through TRIM25/SP1/MMP2 axis. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 47 32576271
2020 OTUD5 cooperates with TRIM25 in transcriptional regulation and tumor progression via deubiquitination activity. Nature communications 46 32826889
2015 Overexpression of TRIM25 in Lung Cancer Regulates Tumor Cell Progression. Technology in cancer research & treatment 46 26113559
2020 TRIM25 Promotes TNF-α-Induced NF-κB Activation through Potentiating the K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TRAF2. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 45 32024699
2021 TRIM25 inhibits infectious bursal disease virus replication by targeting VP3 for ubiquitination and degradation. PLoS pathogens 44 34516573
2019 NDR2 promotes the antiviral immune response via facilitating TRIM25-mediated RIG-I activation in macrophages. Science advances 43 30775439
2021 Long noncoding RNA AVAN promotes antiviral innate immunity by interacting with TRIM25 and enhancing the transcription of FOXO3a. Cell death and differentiation 42 33990776
2018 The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 regulates adipocyte differentiation via proteasome-mediated degradation of PPARγ. Experimental & molecular medicine 41 30323259
2021 LncRNA XIST upregulates TRIM25 via negatively regulating miR-192 in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 40 33858324
2019 RNA Helicase LGP2 Negatively Regulates RIG-I Signaling by Preventing TRIM25-Mediated Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain Ubiquitination. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 40 31237466
2019 An 'eFP-Seq Browser' for visualizing and exploring RNA sequencing data. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 40 31350781
2014 eIF5A and EF-P: two unique translation factors are now traveling the same road. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 40 24402910
2011 Oestrogen causes degradation of KLF5 by inducing the E3 ubiquitin ligase EFP in ER-positive breast cancer cells. The Biochemical journal 40 21542805
2024 Suppression of ITPKB degradation by Trim25 confers TMZ resistance in glioblastoma through ROS homeostasis. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 39 38438346
2007 Ligand-dependent transcription of estrogen receptor alpha is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase EFP. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 39 17418098
2022 TRIM25 and ZAP target the Ebola virus ribonucleoprotein complex to mediate interferon-induced restriction. PLoS pathogens 37 35533151
2022 TRIM25 inhibits influenza A virus infection, destabilizes viral mRNA, but is redundant for activating the RIG-I pathway. Nucleic acids research 37 35736141
2014 Activation of duck RIG-I by TRIM25 is independent of anchored ubiquitin. PloS one 37 24466302
2016 The ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 targets ERG for degradation in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 35 27626314
2006 A ubiquitin E3 ligase Efp is up-regulated by interferons and conjugated with ISG15. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 17069755
2022 Elucidation of TRIM25 ubiquitination targets involved in diverse cellular and antiviral processes. PLoS pathogens 34 36067236
2012 Oestrogen causes ATBF1 protein degradation through the oestrogen-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase EFP. The Biochemical journal 34 22452784
2010 Knockdown of Efp by DNA-modified small interfering RNA inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth. Cancer gene therapy 34 20467453
2005 Expression of estrogen-responsive finger protein (Efp) is associated with advanced disease in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecologic oncology 34 16140366
2024 Morusin Alleviates Aortic Valve Calcification by Inhibiting Valve Interstitial Cell Senescence Through Ccnd1/Trim25/Nrf2 Axis. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 33 38502885
2024 Neddylation activated TRIM25 desensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to paclitaxel via TFEB-mediated autophagy. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 33 38926803
2020 Translation elongation factor P (EF-P). FEMS microbiology reviews 32 32011712
2019 Zebrafish TRIM25 Promotes Innate Immune Response to RGNNV Infection by Targeting 2CARD and RD Regions of RIG-I for K63-Linked Ubiquitination. Frontiers in immunology 31 31849979
2024 TRIM25 promotes glioblastoma cell growth and invasion via regulation of the PRMT1/c-MYC pathway by targeting the splicing factor NONO. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 29 38303029
2010 Expression of Efp, VEGF and bFGF in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial tissue. Oncology reports 29 20127022
2018 EF-P Posttranslational Modification Has Variable Impact on Polyproline Translation in Bacillus subtilis. mBio 28 29615499
2000 Peptide bond synthesis: function of the efp gene product. Biological chemistry 28 10987361
2020 Hsa_circ_0026134 expression promoted TRIM25- and IGF2BP3-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via sponging miR-127-5p. Bioscience reports 27 32648571
2017 Nitroxoline shows antimyeloma activity by targeting the TRIM25/p53 axle. Anti-cancer drugs 26 28301380
2017 TRIM25 is associated with cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung carcinoma A549 cell line via downregulation of 14-3-3σ. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 25 28867193
2023 Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes MAN1B1 expression by enhancing stability of GRP78 via TRIM25 to facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis. British journal of cancer 24 36635499
2022 The Role of ZAP and TRIM25 RNA Binding in Restricting Viral Translation. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 24 35800389
2024 TRIM25 predominately associates with anti-viral stress granules. Nature communications 23 38750080
2023 The role of TRIM25 in the occurrence and development of cancers and inflammatory diseases. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 23 37437700
2017 The ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting metastasis associated 1 protein. IUBMB life 23 28861931
2016 Safety pharmacology studies using EFP and impedance. Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods 23 27084108
2023 TRIM25 promotes temozolomide resistance in glioma by regulating oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death via the ubiquitination of keap1. Oncogene 22 37188737
2021 TRIM25 and DEAD-Box RNA Helicase DDX3X Cooperate to Regulate RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Immunity. International journal of molecular sciences 21 34445801
2025 Exogenous RNA surveillance by proton-sensing TRIM25. Science (New York, N.Y.) 20 40179174
2022 Human metapneumovirus M2-2 protein inhibits RIG-I signaling by preventing TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination. Frontiers in immunology 20 36045682
2023 TRIM25 inhibits HBV replication by promoting HBx degradation and the RIG-I-mediated pgRNA recognition. Chinese medical journal 19 36975005
2021 Ectopic Expression of TRIM25 Restores RIG-I Expression and IFN Production Reduced by Multiple Enteroviruses 3Cpro. Virologica Sinica 19 34170466
2018 Efp promotes in vitro and in vivo growth of endometrial cancer cells along with the activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. PloS one 19 30586414
2024 Resolution of ribosomal stalling by EF-P and ABCF ATPases YfmR and YkpA/YbiT. Nucleic acids research 18 38943426
2024 The molecular dissection of TRIM25's RNA-binding mechanism provides key insights into its antiviral activity. Nature communications 17 39353916
2022 Trim25 restricts rabies virus replication by destabilizing phosphoprotein. Cell insight 17 37193556
2019 Altered expression of microRNA-365 is related to the occurrence and development of non-small-cell lung cancer by inhibiting TRIM25 expression. Journal of cellular physiology 17 31099423
2015 Molecular characterization, tissue distribution and expression analysis of TRIM25 in Gallus gallus domesticus. Gene 17 25682934
1999 Molecular cloning of rat efp: expression and regulation in primary osteoblasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 10425199
2004 Systemic distribution of estrogen-responsive finger protein (Efp) in human tissues. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 16 15130519

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