Affinage

MTF1

Myelin transcription factor 1 · UniProt Q01538

Length
1121 aa
Mass
122.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 39 papers cited in narrative 39 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MTF1 is the master metal-responsive transcription factor that senses intracellular zinc and other heavy metals and activates a transcriptional program governing metal homeostasis, detoxification, and stress protection (PMID:8467794, PMID:8108390). It is a six-finger Cys2His2 zinc-finger protein with separable C-terminal acidic, proline-rich, and serine/threonine-rich transactivation domains, and is required for both basal and metal-induced transcription through metal response elements (MREs) of its target genes, including the metallothioneins, the zinc exporters ZnT1 and ZnT2, ferroportin (FPN1), and the copper transporter ATP7B (PMID:8467794, PMID:7610056, PMID:10952993, PMID:20688958, PMID:20133611, PMID:31596515). Metal sensing is encoded structurally: rather than a single low-affinity sensor finger, the noncanonical inter-finger linker RGEYT between zinc fingers 1 and 2 confers zinc dependence, and its replacement with a canonical linker renders DNA binding, nuclear import, and target transcription constitutive (PMID:15122909, PMID:16847313). Zinc availability also controls subcellular distribution, with a nonconventional NLS in zinc fingers 1–3 driving nuclear import and an NES in the acidic activation domain governing export and metal inducibility (PMID:19797083). Once nuclear and DNA-bound, MTF1 assembles a zinc-dependent coactivator complex with p300/CBP and Sp1 through its acidic domain, and this complex is required to evict nucleosomes and remodel histone marks at target promoters (PMID:18458062, PMID:21035574). Its activity is further tuned by phosphorylation, homodimerization through a C-terminal cysteine cluster that copper stabilizes via intermolecular disulfides, and inhibitory phosphorylation by the Hippo kinases LATS1/2, which are themselves directly inhibited by zinc, forming a zinc–LATS–MTF1 axis (PMID:11923282, PMID:22057392, PMID:35027733). Beyond metal buffering, MTF1 acts as a copper-responsive driver of myogenic differentiation by binding myogenic promoters together with MYOD1 (PMID:31690123), is essential for embryonic liver formation and hematopoiesis (PMID:9582278, PMID:15226267), and operates in disease and physiological circuits including a catabolic ZIP8–MTF1–HIF-2α feedback loop in osteoarthritis cartilage destruction (PMID:24529376, PMID:26241779). A homozygous ATP7B promoter variant that disrupts an MTF1 binding site reduces copper-induced ATP7B expression and underlies a form of Wilson Disease (PMID:30087448).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 24 steps
  1. 1993 High

    Established the molecular identity of MTF-1 as a zinc-finger transcriptional activator acting through MRE sites, defining the central player in metal-induced transcription.

    Evidence cDNA cloning of mouse MTF-1, EMSA, and reporter assays in rodent/primate cells

    PMID:8467794

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of zinc sensing not defined
    • Target gene repertoire beyond MT-I unknown
  2. 1994 High

    Demonstrated MTF-1 is genetically required for induction by a broad panel of metals and conserved across human and mouse, framing it as the obligate metal-response transducer rather than one of several redundant factors.

    Evidence Antisense MTF-1, MRE-reporter stable transfection, complementation, and human cloning/functional comparison

    PMID:8065932 PMID:8108390

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether zinc acts directly on MTF-1 or via an inhibitor not resolved
    • Basis of human vs mouse activity difference unknown
  3. 1995 High

    Mapped the transactivation architecture, separating constitutive C-terminal activation domains from the zinc-responsive DNA-binding region, localizing inducibility within intact protein context.

    Evidence Deletion/chimeric GAL4 and VP16 fusion reporter assays

    PMID:7610056

    Open questions at the time
    • How metal signal is integrated across domains unclear
    • Coactivator partners not identified
  4. 1998 High

    Established the physiological necessity of MTF-1 in vivo, showing it is essential for embryonic liver development and metallothionein/antioxidant gene expression.

    Evidence Constitutive knockout mouse with target-gene profiling and fibroblast cytotoxicity assays

    PMID:9582278

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-autonomy of liver defect not yet shown
    • Adult tissue functions masked by embryonic lethality
  5. 2000 High

    Extended the regulon beyond metallothioneins to zinc transporters, showing MTF-1 directly controls ZnT1 and thus zinc efflux machinery.

    Evidence MTF-1-null fibroblasts, EMSA on ZnT1 MREs, Northern blot

    PMID:10952993

    Open questions at the time
    • Full transporter regulon not enumerated
  6. 2001 High

    Confirmed deep functional conservation in Drosophila and defined cooperation with USF1 and dependence on dietary zinc in mammalian visceral endoderm.

    Evidence Drosophila RNAi/EMSA and mouse MTF-1/USF1 null embryos with zinc-deficient diet

    PMID:11230134 PMID:11416130

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of USF1 cooperation unresolved
    • Molecular basis of zinc sensing still open
  7. 2002 Medium

    Showed phosphorylation by PKC, tyrosine kinase, and CK2 is required for metal-inducible activation independent of DNA binding, adding a kinase layer to activity control.

    Evidence Kinase inhibitor studies with reporter and phosphorylation analysis

    PMID:11923282

    Open questions at the time
    • Pharmacological inhibitors lack target specificity
    • Direct phosphosites and responsible phosphatases not mapped
  8. 2003 High

    Defined MTF-1 as essential for the complete metallothionein response and copper homeostasis in a whole organism, linking it to both copper excess and starvation phenotypes.

    Evidence Drosophila homologous-recombination knockout with MT profiling and copper stress assays

    PMID:12505988

    Open questions at the time
    • How a single factor mediates opposite copper states not yet explained
  9. 2004 High

    Established cell-autonomous liver requirement and tissue-specific roles in detoxification and hematopoiesis, and began resolving the structural basis of metal sensing across the six zinc fingers.

    Evidence Conditional Cre-lox knockouts with co-cultivation; in vitro single-finger Co(II)/Zn(II) affinity measurements; tBHQ/null-cell complementation with zinc imaging

    PMID:14998373 PMID:15122909 PMID:15226267

    Open questions at the time
    • No individual finger has affinity matching free zinc, leaving the sensing mechanism unexplained by affinity alone
    • Link between labile zinc pools and MTF-1 activation incomplete
  10. 2005 High

    Resolved the bidirectional copper logic, showing MTF-1 activates the Ctr1B importer on copper depletion and metallothioneins on excess via differential MRE usage.

    Evidence Drosophila knockout with promoter MRE mutational reporter analysis

    PMID:15833915

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence determinants of MRE selectivity not defined at this stage
  11. 2006 High

    Identified the noncanonical RGEYT inter-finger linker as the structural zinc switch, explaining how metal modulates DNA binding and nuclear translocation.

    Evidence Linker-swap mutagenesis with DNA binding, translocation, and reporter assays; NO/MT-knockout and zebrafish translocation imaging

    PMID:16423564 PMID:16847313 PMID:17269467

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational mechanism of linker-mediated finger interaction not structurally resolved
    • NO-zinc release pathway shown only in endothelial cells
  12. 2008 High

    Defined the zinc-dependent coactivator complex, showing the acidic domain recruits p300/CBP alongside Sp1 to drive transcription, and harbors an embedded NES.

    Evidence Co-IP, p300 siRNA, acidic-domain mutagenesis, NMR, reporter assays

    PMID:18458062

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and assembly order of the complex unknown
  13. 2009 High

    Mapped the nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking signals (NLS in ZF1–3, NES in acidic domain) and pinned the human/mouse inducibility difference to a 3-aa NES variation.

    Evidence Domain swap/deletion mutants, fractionation, chimeric human-mouse constructs

    PMID:19797083

    Open questions at the time
    • Import/export machinery (receptors) not identified
  14. 2010 High

    Broadened the regulon (FPN1, ZnT2) and resolved the chromatin-level mechanism, showing the MTF-1–p300 complex is required for nucleosome eviction and histone-mark changes.

    Evidence Nuclear translocation/siRNA/promoter mutagenesis for FPN1 and ZnT2; ChIP and MNase with p300-non-recruiting MTF-1 mutant for chromatin remodeling

    PMID:20133611 PMID:20688958 PMID:21035574

    Open questions at the time
    • ZnT2 role inferred from MRE mutation rather than direct MTF-1 knockout
    • Order of coactivator recruitment vs nucleosome loss not resolved
  15. 2011 High

    Established copper-stabilized homodimerization via a C-terminal cysteine cluster and linked MTF-1 to organismal stress/mitochondrial protection through genetic interaction with parkin.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP and cysteine-cluster mutagenesis; Drosophila parkin epistasis with cross-species transgene rescue; C-terminal domain mapping of Ctr1B regulation

    PMID:21383066 PMID:22057392 PMID:22138226

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphosite (T127) target-gene selectivity mechanistically unresolved
    • How copper-dependent dimerization couples to specific target activation unclear
  16. 2012 High

    Explained metal-specific transcriptional outputs, showing MTF-1 selects distinct genomic binding sites for zinc, copper, and cadmium, with single MRE nucleotides dictating specificity.

    Evidence Genome-wide ChIP under different metal stresses with promoter reporter mutagenesis in Drosophila

    PMID:23012419

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of metal-specific site discrimination not determined
    • Conservation of selectivity in mammals untested here
  17. 2013 Medium

    Placed MTF-1 downstream of lysosomal zinc release, integrating it into a TRPML1–zinc–ZnT4 organellar homeostasis pathway.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of MTF-1 and TRPML1 with lysosomal size and zinc staining

    PMID:23368743

    Open questions at the time
    • Epistasis established but molecular coupling to MTF-1 only partial
    • Direct MTF-1 targets in this pathway not defined
  18. 2014 High

    Defined a pathogenic role in osteoarthritis, showing a zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis drives matrix-degrading enzyme expression and cartilage destruction.

    Evidence Cartilage-specific adenoviral overexpression and conditional knockout in mouse OA model with gene-expression analysis

    PMID:24529376

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct MTF-1 binding at MMP/ADAMTS promoters not detailed
  19. 2015 High

    Revealed a feed-forward disease circuit in which HIF-2α and the zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis reciprocally amplify catabolic signaling.

    Evidence Triple conditional knockouts (HIF-2α, ZIP8, MTF1) with overexpression and microarray

    PMID:26241779

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect regulation of HIF-2α by MTF1 not dissected
  20. 2016 Medium

    Framed MTF1 as the apex of a zinc-buffering hierarchy whose induction of MT/ZnT1 dampens the transcriptomic response of other zinc-sensitive genes.

    Evidence MTF1 siRNA with transcriptome profiling and metallothionein overexpression in Caco-2 cells

    PMID:26824222

    Open questions at the time
    • Single cell line
    • Direct vs buffering-mediated effects not separated for all genes
  21. 2018 Medium

    Connected MTF1 to human disease and cancer biology, linking an ATP7B promoter MRE variant to Wilson Disease and MTF1 loss to suppressed EMT in ovarian cancer.

    Evidence Whole-genome sequencing/reporter assay for ATP7B variant; CRISPR knockout with EMT marker and migration/invasion assays

    PMID:30087448 PMID:30588241

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct MTF1 binding to ATP7B promoter not confirmed by EMSA in the disease study
    • Mechanistic link from MTF1 loss to ERK/AKT signaling not established
  22. 2019 High

    Established MTF1 as a copper-responsive differentiation factor, binding copper through a C-terminal tetra-cysteine motif and partnering with MYOD1 at myogenic promoters, and confirmed direct ATP7B activation.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, MTF1-MYOD1 Co-IP, atomic absorption spectroscopy, knockdown/knockout for myogenesis; EMSA and reporter assay for ATP7B

    PMID:31596515 PMID:31690123

    Open questions at the time
    • How copper binding switches MTF1 between metal-stress and differentiation programs unresolved
  23. 2021 Medium

    Expanded the MTF1 regulon into neuronal physiology, showing direct activation of NCX1 in ischemic neuroprotection and Cacna1h in stress-related neural circuits.

    Evidence ChIP and in vivo siRNA in rat ischemia (NCX1); COCH-neuron targeting, electrophysiology, and circuit tracing (Cacna1h)

    PMID:33931586 PMID:34965426

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-model studies
    • Upstream metal/signaling triggers in neurons not fully defined
  24. 2022 High

    Defined an upstream zinc-LATS-MTF1 regulatory axis, identified a mitochondrial copper-delivery target (PiC2/SLC25A3), and established m6A control of MTF1 mRNA stability, adding kinase, target, and post-transcriptional layers.

    Evidence In vitro LATS kinase assay with zinc-LATS binding and metal-response reporters; ChIP/KO/Co-IP for PiC2-COX; m6A quantification and 3'UTR mutational stability assays

    PMID:35027733 PMID:36149370 PMID:36438658

    Open questions at the time
    • LATS phosphosites on MTF1 not all mapped
    • m6A regulation shown in single context
    • PiC2 study from single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How metal occupancy of specific zinc fingers and linkers, coactivator assembly, dimerization state, and upstream kinase inputs are integrated into a structural model that explains metal-specific MRE selection in mammals remains unresolved.
  • No full-length structural model of metal-bound MTF1 on DNA
  • Mechanism translating metal identity into mammalian target-site choice undefined
  • Interplay of phosphorylation, dimerization, and m6A in vivo not integrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 7 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5 GO:0140299 molecular sensor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 5 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
EP300LATS1LATS2METTL3MYOD1SP1USF1
Complex memberships
MTF1 homodimerMTF1-p300/CBP-Sp1 coactivator complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 39 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1993 Mouse MTF-1 was cloned as a 72.5 kDa protein containing six zinc fingers and separate acidic, proline-rich transcriptional activation domains; ectopic expression strongly enhances transcription driven by MRE consensus sites or the MT-I promoter, and MTF-1–DNA complex formation is elevated several-fold in zinc-treated cells. cDNA cloning, bandshift (EMSA) assay, transfection reporter assay in primate/rodent cells The EMBO journal High 8467794
1994 MTF-1 is required for metal-induced transcription via MREs; antisense MTF-1 prevents induction by all tested metals (zinc, cadmium, bismuth, silver, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel), and ectopic MTF-1 causes constitutive MRE-reporter expression. Regulation is proposed to involve zinc releasing MTF-1 from an inhibitor. Stable transfection of MRE-reporter construct, antisense MTF-1 expression, cell fusion complementation assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8108390
1994 Human MTF-1 was cloned as a 753 amino acid protein with 93% identity to mouse MTF-1, containing six zinc fingers; both species' proteins bind to MRE consensus sequences when expressed in mammalian cells, but human MTF-1 is more effective than mouse MTF-1 in mediating zinc-induced transcription. cDNA cloning, transfection reporter assay, chromosomal mapping Nucleic acids research High 8065932
1995 Functional domain mapping of MTF-1 revealed three C-terminal transactivation domains (acidic, proline-rich, serine/threonine-rich) that function constitutively when fused to GAL4. The zinc finger region confers limited (3–4 fold) zinc-responsive transcription when fused to VP16, and the acidic/proline-rich activation domains also contribute to metal inducibility only in intact MTF-1 context. Deletion and chimeric mutant analysis, GAL4 fusion reporter assays, transfection in mammalian cells Nucleic acids research High 7610056
1998 MTF-1 null mice die in utero at ~E14 with liver degeneration; MTF-1−/− embryos fail to transcribe metallothionein I/II genes and show diminished gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase transcripts; primary MTF-1−/− fibroblasts show increased susceptibility to cadmium and hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity. Targeted gene disruption (knockout mouse), RT-PCR/Northern blot of target genes, cytotoxicity assays in primary fibroblasts The EMBO journal High 9582278
2000 MTF-1 is essential for both basal and metal (zinc and cadmium)-induced transcription of the ZnT1 (zinc transporter 1) gene; MTF-1 binds in vitro to the two MRE sequences in the ZnT1 promoter, demonstrated using MTF-1-null mouse embryo fibroblasts. In vitro DNA-binding assay (EMSA), MTF-1-null fibroblasts, Northern blot The Journal of biological chemistry High 10952993
2001 Drosophila MTF-1 (dMTF-1) binds to conserved MREs and requires zinc for DNA binding, similar to mammalian MTF-1; dMTF-1 RNAi abolishes metal induction of both Drosophila metallothionein genes MtnA and MtnB, confirming its essential role in MT gene regulation. Transfection assays, EMSA, double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) in Drosophila cells Molecular and cellular biology High 11416130
2001 MTF-1 cooperates with USF1 for optimal MT-I gene expression in visceral endoderm cells; MTF-1 is absolutely required for upregulation of MT-I in visceral endoderm, and this expression depends on maternal dietary zinc as the signaling ligand. MTF-1 null mutant mouse embryos, USF1 null mutant analysis, zinc-deficient diet experiments The EMBO journal High 11230134
2002 MTF-1 phosphorylation plays a critical role in its activation by zinc and cadmium; protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase, and casein kinase II are essential for metal-inducible transcriptional activation, while cAMP-dependent PKA is not directly involved. Phosphorylation does not regulate MTF-1 DNA binding; PKC inhibition results in elevated MTF-1 phosphorylation, suggesting specific dephosphorylation contributes to activation. Kinase inhibitor studies, transcriptional reporter assays, phosphorylation analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11923282
2003 Drosophila MTF-1 knockout (by homologous recombination) abolishes basal and metal-induced expression of all four Drosophila metallothionein genes (MtnA, MtnB, MtnC, MtnD); MTF-1 null larvae are sensitive to both copper excess and copper starvation, with copper depletion blocking metamorphosis. Homologous recombination knockout in Drosophila, Northern blot/RT-PCR of MT genes, copper stress assays The EMBO journal High 12505988
2004 MTF-1 is essential for embryonic liver formation (cell-autonomous defect demonstrated by co-cultivation failure) and for heavy metal detoxification in adult liver; conditional liver/bone marrow knockout mice are viable but highly susceptible to cadmium; MTF-1 deficiency in hematopoietic system causes severe lymphocyte underrepresentation. Conditional Cre-lox knockout (liver/bone marrow specific), co-cultivation assay of null vs. wild-type hepatocytes, cadmium challenge FASEB journal High 15226267
2004 The individual zinc finger domains of MTF1 have differential metal ion affinities; the order from highest to lowest affinity is ZF4 > ZF2 ≈ ZF5 > ZF6 ≈ ZF3 ≈ ZF1, with domains at both termini showing lower intrinsic affinities than central domains; none of the six Cys2His2 zinc fingers has sufficiently low affinity to serve as a sensor of free micromolar zinc concentrations. In vitro cobalt(II)/zinc(II) metal ion affinity measurements with isolated single zinc finger peptides and His-to-Cys point mutants in full six-finger context Biochemistry High 15122909
2004 Induction of metallothionein-I by phenolic antioxidants (tBHQ) requires MTF-1 and zinc; tBHQ activates MT1 through zinc-dependent MTF-1 binding to MREs, and tBHQ mobilizes intracellular zinc pools as demonstrated by fluorescence imaging; MTF-1-null cells are not rescued by tBHQ unless MTF-1 is re-expressed. MTF-1 null cell reconstitution, MRE-reporter assay, intracellular zinc fluorescence imaging, ZnT1-overexpressing cells The Biochemical journal High 14998373
2005 In Drosophila, MTF-1 mediates transcriptional activation of Ctr1B (copper importer) upon copper depletion, in addition to activating metallothioneins upon copper excess; both responses depend on MRE motifs in the respective gene promoters, establishing MTF-1 as a bidirectional regulator of copper homeostasis. Reporter gene assay, MTF-1 knockout Drosophila, promoter MRE mutation analysis Genes & development High 15833915
2006 The unique linker peptide RGEYT between zinc fingers 1 and 2 of MTF-1 is essential for zinc-sensing; replacing it with the canonical TGEKP linker results in constitutive DNA binding, nuclear translocation, and MT-I transcription regardless of zinc. The linker between ZF3 and ZF4 (TGKT) also contributes to zinc sensitivity. This establishes that zinc modulates linker-mediated zinc finger interactions to control MTF-1 activity. Linker swap mutagenesis, nuclear translocation assays, in vitro DNA binding, MT-I reporter gene assays in mammalian cells Molecular and cellular biology High 16847313
2006 Nitric oxide donors (SNAP) cause nuclear translocation of MTF-1 in mouse lung endothelial cells; this NO-induced translocation requires metallothionein, as it does not occur in MT-knockout cells, indicating that NO releases zinc from MT zinc-thiolate clusters, raising labile zinc that activates MTF-1. EGFP-MTF-1 fusion nuclear translocation assay, MT-knockout endothelial cells, Western blot for MT protein Vascular pharmacology Medium 16423564
2007 In zebrafish, zinc and cadmium mediate cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of MTF-1–EGFP fusion protein in liver cells; recombinant zebrafish MTF-1 binds to MREs in the MT gene promoter in response to zinc and cadmium, as demonstrated by EMSA. EGFP-MTF-1 nuclear translocation fluorescence assay, recombinant protein EMSA, whole-mount in situ hybridization Environmental toxicology and chemistry Medium 17269467
2008 Zinc treatment induces formation of a multiprotein coactivator complex containing MTF-1, histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP, and transcription factor Sp1; the acidic domain of MTF-1 is required to recruit p300 (but not Sp1); p300 knockdown reduces zinc-dependent MT-I transcription; the acidic domain also contains a nuclear exclusion signal (NES) with leucine residues critical for p300 recruitment and MT-I activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown of p300, acidic domain mutagenesis (L→A), NMR characterization of isolated acidic domain, reporter gene assays Molecular and cellular biology High 18458062
2009 Within the MTF-1 DNA-binding domain, zinc fingers 1–3 (aa 137–228 in human MTF-1) harbor a nonconventional nuclear localization signal that confers constitutive nuclear localization on a cytoplasmic marker; the acidic activation domain contains a classical NES controlling cytoplasmic export; the acidic domain confers metal inducibility in distinct cell types when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. A 3-aa difference in the NES explains the stronger metal inducibility of human vs. mouse MTF-1. Domain deletion/swap mutants fused to cytoplasmic marker, subcellular fractionation, reporter assays, chimeric human-mouse MTF-1 constructs Molecular and cellular biology High 19797083
2010 Zinc and cadmium induce FPN1 (ferroportin) transcription through MTF-1; zinc causes MTF-1 nuclear translocation and binding to the FPN1 promoter; two functional MTF-1 binding sites in the mouse FPN1 promoter are required for zinc/cadmium-dependent expression; MTF-1 silencing reduces FPN1 transcription in response to zinc but not iron; Fpn1 protein can transport zinc and protects zinc-sensitive cells from zinc toxicity. MTF-1 nuclear translocation assay, siRNA silencing of MTF-1, promoter MRE site mutagenesis, reporter assay, zinc transport functional assay Blood High 20688958
2010 MTF-1 mediates zinc-dependent regulation of ZnT2 expression in pancreatic acinar cells via an MRE downstream of the ZnT2 transcription start site; STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor regulate ZnT2 via upstream STAT5 binding sites; ZnT2 knockdown increases cytoplasmic zinc and decreases zymogen granule zinc. Promoter deletion/mutation analysis, siRNA knockdown of ZnT2, fluorophore zinc measurement, reporter assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 20133611
2010 MTF-1 is essential for zinc-induced epigenetic changes at the MT-I promoter, including rapid decrease in Lys4-trimethylated and Lys9-acetylated histone H3 and loss of total histone H3 (nucleosome removal); an MTF-1 deletion mutant that binds promoter but cannot recruit p300 does not affect histone H3 in response to zinc, indicating nucleosome disruption requires an active MTF-1-coactivator complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for histone modifications, micrococcal nuclease sensitivity assay, MTF-1-null cells, p300-non-recruiting MTF-1 mutant Biochimica et biophysica acta High 21035574
2011 Human MTF-1 homodimerizes via a conserved C-terminal cysteine cluster (632CQCQCAC638); dimer formation in vivo is important for basal and especially metal-induced transcriptional activity; copper stabilizes the dimer via intermolecular disulfide bonds and synergizes with zinc to boost MTF-1-dependent transcription; neither nuclear translocation nor DNA binding is impaired by cysteine-to-alanine mutation of this cluster. Co-immunoprecipitation (dimerization assay), cysteine cluster mutagenesis (C→A), reporter gene assays, copper treatment Biochimica et biophysica acta High 22057392
2011 In Drosophila, MTF-1 partially rescues the parkin mutant phenotype (improved lifespan, motility, muscle/mitochondrial structure, female fertility); double mutant parkin/MTF-1 is synthetically lethal, placing MTF-1 in a complementary pathway to Parkin in metal homeostasis, oxidative stress, and cellular stress response. Drosophila genetic epistasis (double mutant), MTF-1 overexpression transgene, human MTF-1 transgene rescue, muscle/mitochondrial morphology assays Molecular and cellular biology High 21383066
2011 MTF-1 activates Drosophila Ctr1B (copper importer) upon copper starvation through a C-terminal region including a cysteine-rich metallothionein-like domain; the C-terminus is autorepressive in the absence of copper; a phosphorylation site mutant (T127A) differentially affects target genes; constitutively active C-terminally truncated MTF-1 indiscriminately activates both metallothionein genes and Ctr1B. GAL4 fusion domain mapping, transgenic fly expression of truncated MTF-1 variants, phenotypic analysis The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology Medium 22138226
2012 In Drosophila, MTF-1 selects different genomic DNA binding sites depending on the specific metal challenge (zinc vs. copper vs. cadmium), explaining metal-specific transcriptional responses; a single nucleotide in the MRE binding site can determine metal-specific transcription activation. Genome-wide MTF-1 ChIP mapping under different metal stresses, promoter reporter mutagenesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 23012419
2013 MTF-1 knockdown ameliorates zinc-induced lysosomal enlargement in TRPML1-deficient cells, placing MTF-1 downstream of TRPML1-mediated zinc release into the cytoplasm in a pathway involving ZnT4-mediated zinc compartmentalization. siRNA knockdown of MTF-1 and TRPML1, LysoTracker and zinc staining, lysosomal size quantification The Biochemical journal Medium 23368743
2014 In osteoarthritis, ZIP8-mediated zinc influx activates MTF-1, which drives expression of matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, MMP13, ADAMTS5); genetic modulation of Mtf1 in mouse cartilage (intra-articular adenoviral expression or conditional knockout) alters OA pathogenesis, establishing the zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis as a catabolic regulator. Adenoviral overexpression and conditional knockout of Mtf1 in mouse cartilage, intra-articular injection model of OA, gene expression analysis Cell High 24529376
2015 HIF-2α activates the zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis in chondrocytes by upregulating ZIP8, increasing zinc influx, and activating MTF1; reciprocally, the zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis transcriptionally regulates HIF-2α, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies catabolic signaling in OA cartilage destruction. Conditional knockout mice for HIF-2α, ZIP8, and MTF1 in cartilage; adenoviral overexpression; microarray and gene expression assays Osteoarthritis and cartilage High 26241779
2016 MTF1 controls a buffering hierarchy in zinc homeostasis: it activates metallothioneins and ZnT1 whose products buffer intracellular zinc, thereby dampening transcriptomic responses of other zinc-regulated genes; MTF1 knockdown increases the number and magnitude of zinc-responsive gene changes, while metallothionein overexpression curtails responses of zinc-repressed genes. siRNA knockdown of MTF1 in Caco-2 cells, transcriptome profiling, metallothionein overexpression, promoter reporter assay Metallomics Medium 26824222
2018 MTF1 knockout in ovarian cancer cells (CRISPR/Cas9) inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), upregulates E-cadherin and cytokeratin 7, downregulates Snai2 and β-catenin, reduces cell proliferation/migration/invasion, upregulates KLF4, and attenuates ERK1/2 and AKT survival signaling. CRISPR/Cas9 lentiviral knockout, EMT marker expression, migration/invasion assays Journal of Cancer Medium 30588241
2018 A homozygous promoter variant in ATP7B that disrupts an MTF1 binding site causes reduced ATP7B expression in response to copper and likely causes Wilson Disease, demonstrating that MTF1 directly regulates ATP7B transcription in response to copper. Whole genome sequencing, bioinformatic MRE site analysis, in vitro reporter assay for promoter activity European journal of human genetics Medium 30087448
2019 MTF1 binds specifically to MREe in the ATP7B promoter (validated by EMSA), and this interaction increases ATP7B promoter-driven reporter gene expression, establishing MTF1 as a direct transcriptional activator of ATP7B. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), MatInspector binding prediction, luciferase reporter assay Annals of human genetics Medium 31596515
2019 MTF1 promotes myogenesis in response to copper; upon myogenesis initiation, MTF1 expression and nuclear localization increase; Mtf1 knockdown impairs differentiation; copper binds stoichiometrically to a C-terminal tetra-cysteine motif of MTF1; MTF1 binds chromatin at myogenic gene promoters and forms a complex with MYOD1 at these sites; copper supplementation stimulates MTF1 chromatin binding. shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown, immunofluorescence, ChIP-seq, subcellular fractionation, atomic absorption spectroscopy, co-immunoprecipitation of MTF1-MYOD1 complex FASEB journal High 31690123
2021 MTF-1 translocates to the nucleus in brain ischemia and directly binds the MRE at −23/−17 bp of the Ncx1 brain promoter, activating NCX1 transcription; MTF-1 silencing prevents RLIP-induced NCX1 upregulation and reduces neuroprotection (enlarged infarct volume), placing MTF-1 as an upstream activator of NCX1 in ischemic neuroprotection. MTF-1 siRNA silencing in rat ischemia model, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for MTF-1 binding to Ncx1 promoter, infarct volume measurement Cell death & disease Medium 33931586
2021 MTF1 activates Cacna1h transcription in hippocampal COCH neurons; elevated Cacna1h expression enables burst action potential firing in COCH neurons and mediates social-stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors via direct synaptic input to lateral septal GABAergic neurons. Genetic targeting of COCH neurons, MTF1 activity assays, electrophysiology, circuit tracing Cell reports Medium 34965426
2022 The Hippo pathway kinases LATS1/2 phosphorylate and inhibit MTF1, reducing heavy metal response gene transcription and cellular protection; LATS activity is itself inhibited by accumulated zinc that directly binds and inhibits LATS; this reveals a zinc–LATS–MTF1 regulatory axis where zinc both activates MTF1 transcription (by relieving LATS inhibition) and inhibits LATS. Hippo pathway kinase overexpression/knockout, in vitro phosphorylation of MTF1 by LATS, heavy metal response gene reporter assays, zinc-LATS direct binding assay Nature cell biology High 35027733
2022 PiC2 (SLC25A3), the mitochondrial Cu+ transporter, is a transcriptional target of MTF1; PiC2 expression is induced during myogenesis and by copper supplementation in an MTF1-dependent manner; PiC2 co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with COX, suggesting it participates upstream in copper delivery to cytochrome c oxidase. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of PiC2, ChIP for MTF1 at PiC2 promoter, Co-IP of PiC2 and COX, in vitro Cu+-transfer assay Frontiers in molecular biosciences Medium 36438658
2022 METTL3 acetylation (induced by sulfatide) reduces METTL3 binding to MTF1 mRNA, decreasing m6A methylation of MTF1 mRNA, prolonging its half-life and increasing MTF1 protein expression; mutation of 7 m6A methylation sites in the 3'UTR of MTF1 mRNA enhanced its stability, establishing m6A modification as a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism controlling MTF1 expression. m6A quantification, METTL3 acetylation assay, MTF1 mRNA stability assay (half-life measurement), 3'UTR mutation reporter Chemistry & biodiversity Medium 36149370

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1993 Cloned transcription factor MTF-1 activates the mouse metallothionein I promoter. The EMBO journal 336 8467794
2000 The transcription factor MTF-1 mediates metal regulation of the mouse ZnT1 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 325 10952993
2014 Regulation of the catabolic cascade in osteoarthritis by the zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis. Cell 304 24529376
1994 Regulation of metallothionein genes by heavy metals appears to be mediated by a zinc-sensitive inhibitor that interacts with a constitutively active transcription factor, MTF-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 289 8108390
2012 The taste of heavy metals: gene regulation by MTF-1. Biochimica et biophysica acta 272 22289350
1998 Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the metal-responsive transcriptional activator MTF-1. The EMBO journal 210 9582278
2007 Understanding the mechanisms of zinc-sensing by metal-response element binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 186 17462582
1994 Cloning, chromosomal mapping and characterization of the human metal-regulatory transcription factor MTF-1. Nucleic acids research 159 8065932
2002 Regulation of metallothionein transcription by the metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1: identification of signal transduction cascades that control metal-inducible transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 142 11923282
2001 Metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1): structure, function, and regulation. Antioxidants & redox signaling 140 11554446
2002 Inhibitors of histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase synergistically activate the methylated metallothionein I promoter by activating the transcription factor MTF-1 and forming an open chromatin structure. Molecular and cellular biology 137 12417732
1995 Functional domains of the heavy metal-responsive transcription regulator MTF-1. Nucleic acids research 127 7610056
2005 Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) handles both extremes, copper load and copper starvation, by activating different genes. Genes & development 126 15833915
2001 The Drosophila homolog of mammalian zinc finger factor MTF-1 activates transcription in response to heavy metals. Molecular and cellular biology 124 11416130
1991 The yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase specificity factor, MTF1, is similar to bacterial sigma factors. The Journal of biological chemistry 121 1939277
2010 Induction of FPN1 transcription by MTF-1 reveals a role for ferroportin in transition metal efflux. Blood 112 20688958
2003 Knockout of 'metal-responsive transcription factor' MTF-1 in Drosophila by homologous recombination reveals its central role in heavy metal homeostasis. The EMBO journal 112 12505988
2001 Putting its fingers on stressful situations: the heavy metal-regulatory transcription factor MTF-1. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 112 11746217
2010 STAT5-glucocorticoid receptor interaction and MTF-1 regulate the expression of ZnT2 (Slc30a2) in pancreatic acinar cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 20133611
2001 Target gene search for the metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1. Nucleic acids research 97 11266553
2001 The transcription factors MTF-1 and USF1 cooperate to regulate mouse metallothionein-I expression in response to the essential metal zinc in visceral endoderm cells during early development. The EMBO journal 83 11230134
2004 Metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is essential for embryonic liver development and heavy metal detoxification in the adult liver. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 82 15226267
2016 Zinc sensing by metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF1) controls metallothionein and ZnT1 expression to buffer the sensitivity of the transcriptome response to zinc. Metallomics : integrated biometal science 79 26824222
1999 Characterization of the transcription factor MTF-1 from the Japanese pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) reveals evolutionary conservation of heavy metal stress response. Biological chemistry 67 10195425
2019 The classic metal-sensing transcription factor MTF1 promotes myogenesis in response to copper. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 65 31690123
2013 Zinc-dependent lysosomal enlargement in TRPML1-deficient cells involves MTF-1 transcription factor and ZnT4 (Slc30a4) transporter. The Biochemical journal 64 23368743
2008 Zinc-induced formation of a coactivator complex containing the zinc-sensing transcription factor MTF-1, p300/CBP, and Sp1. Molecular and cellular biology 63 18458062
2015 Metal responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) regulates zinc dependent cellular processes at the molecular level. Acta biochimica Polonica 58 26336656
2007 Expression pattern of metallothionein, MTF-1 nuclear translocation, and its dna-binding activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) induced by zinc and cadmium. Environmental toxicology and chemistry 57 17269467
2004 Metal ion affinities of the zinc finger domains of the metal responsive element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF1). Biochemistry 57 15122909
2004 Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) and heavy metal stress response in Drosophila and mammalian cells: a functional comparison. Biological chemistry 57 15318808
2001 The "metal transcription factor" MTF-1: biological facts and medical implications. Swiss medical weekly 56 11835113
2022 The Hippo pathway kinases LATS1 and LATS2 attenuate cellular responses to heavy metals through phosphorylating MTF1. Nature cell biology 53 35027733
2018 Knockout of MTF1 Inhibits the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Journal of Cancer 53 30588241
2006 The zinc-sensing mechanism of mouse MTF-1 involves linker peptides between the zinc fingers. Molecular and cellular biology 51 16847313
2021 Cadmium induced cerebral toxicity via modulating MTF1-MTs regulatory axis. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 50 33965856
2001 Ratiometric pulsed alkylation/mass spectrometry of the cysteine pairs in individual zinc fingers of MRE-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) as a probe of zinc chelate stability. Biochemistry 50 11735399
2012 Single nucleotide in the MTF-1 binding site can determine metal-specific transcription activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 49 23012419
2009 Divalent metal-dependent regulation of hepcidin expression by MTF-1. FEBS letters 49 20026331
2008 Cytotoxicities and induction of metallothionein (MT) and metal regulatory element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) messenger RNA levels in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) ZFL and SJD cell lines after exposure to various metal ions. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 47 18639347
2004 Metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) selects different types of metal response elements at low vs. high zinc concentration. Biological chemistry 46 15318811
2006 Nitric oxide-induced nuclear translocation of the metal responsive transcription factor, MTF-1 is mediated by zinc release from metallothionein. Vascular pharmacology 44 16423564
2011 The parkin mutant phenotype in the fly is largely rescued by metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1). Molecular and cellular biology 43 21383066
2003 Heat and heavy metal stress synergize to mediate transcriptional hyperactivation by metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 12805380
2000 Characterization of the MTF-1 transcription factor from zebrafish and trout cells. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 41 11007174
2009 Metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) activity is regulated by a nonconventional nuclear localization signal and a metal-responsive transactivation domain. Molecular and cellular biology 40 19797083
2015 Reciprocal activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and the zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis amplifies catabolic signaling in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 39 26241779
2008 Overexpression of metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) in Drosophila melanogaster ameliorates life-span reductions associated with oxidative stress and metal toxicity. Neurobiology of aging 39 18775584
2002 Molecular cloning and developmental expression of zinc finger transcription factor MTF-1 gene in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 39 11866436
2004 Induction of metallothionein I by phenolic antioxidants requires metal-activated transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) and zinc. The Biochemical journal 38 14998373
2001 Ribosomal protein S25 mRNA partners with MTF-1 and La to provide a p53-mediated mechanism for survival or death. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 11741912
2000 Roles of zinc fingers and other regions of the transcription factor human MTF-1 in zinc-regulated DNA binding. Journal of cellular physiology 37 11056018
2020 Functional analysis of MTF-1 and MT promoters and their transcriptional response to zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Chemosphere 36 31918101
2022 The mitochondrial Cu+ transporter PiC2 (SLC25A3) is a target of MTF1 and contributes to the development of skeletal muscle in vitro. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 35 36438658
2000 Novel responses of ZRF, a variant of human MTF-1, to in vivo treatment with heavy metals. Biochimica et biophysica acta 34 11004505
1996 Differential sensitivity of zinc finger transcription factors MTF-1, Sp1 and Krox-20 to CpG methylation of their binding sites. Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 31 8929813
2011 A conserved cysteine cluster, essential for transcriptional activity, mediates homodimerization of human metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). Biochimica et biophysica acta 30 22057392
2009 Mitochondrial transcription factor Mtf1 traps the unwound non-template strand to facilitate open complex formation. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 20008320
2012 Zinc-induced Dnmt1 expression involves antagonism between MTF-1 and nuclear receptor SHP. Nucleic acids research 29 22362755
2000 Role for copper in transient oxidation and nuclear translocation of MTF-1, but not of NF-kappa B, by the heme-hemopexin transport system. Antioxidants & redox signaling 28 11213479
2002 Mutations in the yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase specificity factor, Mtf1, verify an essential role in promoter utilization. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 12021282
1995 Analysis of the heavy metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1 from human and mouse. Somatic cell and molecular genetics 24 8619126
2022 Reduced N6-Methyladenosine Mediated by METTL3 Acetylation Promotes MTF1 Expression and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth. Chemistry & biodiversity 21 36149370
2011 Dissection of Drosophila MTF-1 reveals a domain for differential target gene activation upon copper overload vs. copper starvation. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 21 22138226
2004 Regulation of malignant progression by the hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors HIF-1alpha and MTF-1. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 21 15544971
2023 The biological significance of cuproptosis-key gene MTF1 in pan-cancer and its inhibitory effects on ROS-mediated cell death of liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Discover oncology 20 37380924
2021 A circuit of COCH neurons encodes social-stress-induced anxiety via MTF1 activation of Cacna1h. Cell reports 20 34965426
2018 An MTF1 binding site disrupted by a homozygous variant in the promoter of ATP7B likely causes Wilson Disease. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 20 30087448
2011 Hypoxia acts through multiple signaling pathways to induce metallothionein transactivation by the metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 20 22087877
1995 Import of transcription factor MTF1 into the yeast mitochondria takes place through an unusual pathway. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 7744847
2023 Copper induces liver lipotoxicity disease by up-regulating Nrf2 expression via the activation of MTF-1 and inhibition of SP1/Fyn pathway. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 19 37182554
2021 The hypoxia sensitive metal transcription factor MTF-1 activates NCX1 brain promoter and participates in remote postconditioning neuroprotection in stroke. Cell death & disease 19 33931586
2010 The zinc-sensing transcription factor MTF-1 mediates zinc-induced epigenetic changes in chromatin of the mouse metallothionein-I promoter. Biochimica et biophysica acta 19 21035574
2006 Superinduction of metallothionein I by inhibition of protein synthesis: role of a labile repressor in MTF-1 mediated gene transcription. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 19 16615093
2005 Predisposition to mouse thymic lymphomas in response to ionizing radiation depends on variant alleles encoding metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (Mtf-1). Oncogene 19 15516976
1993 A point mutation in the core subunit gene of yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase is suppressed by a high level of specificity factor MTF1. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 19 8384295
2019 MTF1 binds to metal-responsive element e within the ATP7B promoter and is a strong candidate in regulating the ATP7B expression. Annals of human genetics 18 31596515
2005 Zinc-sensitive genes as potential new target genes of the metal transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 18 15864330
2022 miRNA-22 Upregulates Mtf1 in Dorsal Horn Neurons and Is Essential for Inflammatory Pain. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 17 35242280
2020 MicroRNA-25-3p therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting the IL-1β/ZIP8/MTF1 signaling pathway with a novel thermo-responsive vector. Annals of translational medicine 17 33313245
2014 Zn-responsive proteome profiling and time-dependent expression of proteins regulated by MTF-1 in A549 cells. PloS one 16 25162517
2022 Cadmium Through Disturbing MTF1-Mediated Metal Response Induced Cerebellar Injury. Neurotoxicity research 15 35895249
1999 The heavy metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is not required for neural differentiation. Biological chemistry 15 10430037
2012 Efficient metal-specific transcription activation by Drosophila MTF-1 requires conserved cysteine residues in the carboxy-terminal domain. Biochimica et biophysica acta 14 22484022
2000 Characterization of the mouse gene for the heavy metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1. Cell stress & chaperones 14 11005378
2025 Epigallocatechin Gallate Promotes Cuproptosis via the MTF1/ATP7B Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 12 40136640
2022 Comparative cisplatin reactivity towards human Zn7-metallothionein-2 and MTF-1 zinc fingers: potential implications in anticancer drug resistance. Metallomics : integrated biometal science 12 36026541
2022 The Difference in Zinc Concentrations Required for Induction among Metallothionein Isoforms Can Be Explained by the Different MTF1 Affinities to MREs in Its Promoter. International journal of molecular sciences 12 36613726
2008 Dumpy-30 family members as determinants of male fertility and interaction partners of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) in Drosophila. BMC developmental biology 12 18588663
2020 Functional Analysis of Two Zinc (Zn) Transporters (ZIP3 and ZIP8) Promoters and Their Distinct Response to MTF1 and RREB1 in the Regulation of Zn Metabolism. International journal of molecular sciences 11 32858813
2021 MTF1 Is Essential for the Expression of MT1B, MT1F, MT1G, and MT1H Induced by PHMG, but Not CMIT, in the Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Toxics 10 34564354
2010 Comparative analysis of MTF-1 binding sites between human and mouse. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 10 20383712
2008 Characterization of metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) from the giant rodent capybara reveals features in common with human as well as with small rodents (mouse, rat). Short communication. Chemistry & biodiversity 10 18729110
2019 A T > G Mutation in the NR5A2 Gene Is Associated With Litter Size in Hu Sheep Through Upregulation of Promoter Activity by Transcription Factor MTF-1. Frontiers in genetics 9 31708965
2007 Mtf-1 lymphoma-susceptibility locus affects retention of large thymocytes with high ROS levels in mice after gamma-irradiation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 17210131
2007 [Mechanism of metallothionein gene activation mediated by heavy-metal dependent transcription factor MTF-1]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 9 17409697
2020 The C-terminal tail of the yeast mitochondrial transcription factor Mtf1 coordinates template strand alignment, DNA scrunching and timely transition into elongation. Nucleic acids research 8 31980825
2020 The C-terminal tails of the mitochondrial transcription factors Mtf1 and TFB2M are part of an autoinhibitory mechanism that regulates DNA binding. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 32241911
2015 Yeast Mitochondrial Transcription Factor Mtf1 Determines the Precision of Promoter-Directed Initiation of RNA Polymerase Rpo41. PloS one 8 26332125
2012 Targeting mitochondrial transcription in fission yeast with ETB, an inhibitor of HSP60, the chaperone that binds to the mitochondrial transcription factor Mtf1. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 8 23035257

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for MTF1? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.