Affinage

USF1

Upstream stimulatory factor 1 · UniProt P22415

Length
310 aa
Mass
33.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 40 papers cited in narrative 40 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

USF1 is a ubiquitously expressed bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor that binds E-box (CANNTG) elements as homodimers or heterodimers with USF2 to regulate a diverse network of metabolic, stress-response, developmental, and immune genes. Its DNA-binding affinity and target selectivity are controlled by phosphorylation from multiple kinases—p38 (Thr153), cyclin-CDK complexes (residues 143–197), PKC/PKA, GSK3 (Thr153/Ser186), CK2 (Thr100), and AKT—as well as by phosphorylation-dependent acetylation and dephosphorylation by PTP4A1 (Ser309), which collectively tune dimerization with USF2 and transcriptional output (PMID:11532965, PMID:10548544, PMID:25194820, PMID:19389701, PMID:36534975). Beyond canonical transcriptional activation, USF1 recruits histone-modifying complexes including PRMT1/PCAF/SRC-1 and hSET1A to establish active chromatin marks at insulator and promoter regions, and it stabilizes p53 protein through a non-transcriptional mechanism that blocks MDM2-mediated degradation (PMID:17846119, PMID:23754954, PMID:24831529). USF1 also competes with CLOCK:BMAL1 for E-box occupancy to modulate circadian gene expression, and its loss in mice activates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy, and compromises UV-induced DNA repair and pigmentation responses (PMID:23580255, PMID:26819196, PMID:21543418, PMID:22291606).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Identification of USF1 as the principal E-box-binding factor on the fatty acid synthase insulin response sequence established its role as a nutritionally regulated metabolic transcription factor.

    Evidence EMSA, antibody supershift, UV crosslinking, and western blotting showing USF1 protein induction in refed rat liver

    PMID:7499393

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which nutritional state increases USF1 protein was not determined
    • No direct demonstration of USF1 necessity for FAS transcription in vivo
  2. 1997 High

    Discovery that USF1 physically and functionally synergizes with TFII-I and can antagonize AhR·Arnt at overlapping E-box/XRE sites revealed that USF1 operates through cooperative and competitive protein–DNA interactions rather than acting alone.

    Evidence Domain deletion mapping of USF1–TFII-I synergy on the AdML promoter; competitive EMSA and mRNA analysis showing USF1 blocks CYP1A1 induction

    PMID:9374477 PMID:9384587

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for USF1–TFII-I and USF1–AhR competition not resolved
    • In vivo relevance of USF1-mediated CYP1A1 repression not tested
  3. 1998 High

    Demonstration that USF1 cooperates with Stat1 at the CIITA promoter and with Ets-1 at the HIV-1 LTR showed how USF1 integrates signaling inputs from diverse transcription factor partners to control immune and viral gene expression.

    Evidence Cooperative EMSA with cis-element mutations and reporter assays (Stat1); yeast one-hybrid, Co-IP surface mapping, and dominant-negative Ets-1 experiments

    PMID:9491997 PMID:9501094

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether USF1–Stat1 cooperativity extends genome-wide was unknown
    • Direct structural contacts between USF1 and Ets-1 were not mapped at residue resolution
  4. 1999 High

    Showing that cyclin A2/B1–Cdc2 phosphorylation of USF1 within residues 143–197 greatly increases DNA-binding activity provided the first evidence that cell-cycle kinases directly regulate USF1 function.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay with recombinant USF1, domain deletion mapping, EMSA

    PMID:10548544

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of USF1 was not demonstrated
    • Functional consequences on endogenous target gene expression were not tested
  5. 2001 High

    Use of Usf1 knockout mice established that p38-mediated phosphorylation of USF1 is essential for UV-induced activation of the tyrosinase promoter in melanocytes, linking USF1 to the stress-activated UV response in pigmentation.

    Evidence In vitro p38 kinase assay, Usf1−/− melanocytes failing to activate tyrosinase expression after UV, reporter assays

    PMID:11532965

    Open questions at the time
    • Exact p38 phosphorylation site on USF1 was not identified in this study
    • Whether other bHLH factors compensate partially in Usf1 KO was not assessed
  6. 2002 High

    Multiple studies revealed that PKC, PKA, and CK2 phosphorylate USF1 to increase its DNA-binding activity—and that phosphorylated USF1 can both activate (α-MHC, PAI-1) and repress (iNOS) target genes—demonstrating that phosphorylation is a general regulatory switch with context-dependent transcriptional outcomes.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays with purified USF1 (PKC/PKA/CK2), 2D gel phosphoprotein analysis in cardiomyocytes, EMSA/reporter assays for α-MHC and iNOS; wound-activated keratinocyte PAI-1 binding studies

    PMID:12063293 PMID:12225970 PMID:12235287

    Open questions at the time
    • Site-specific phosphorylation residues for PKC/PKA were not mapped
    • Mechanism discriminating activation from repression on different promoters was not defined
  7. 2003 High

    Identification of NF-Y as a USF1 partner on the HOXB4 promoter and discovery of a dominant-negative USF1 splice variant (USF1/BD) expanded the understanding of USF1 combinatorial regulation and autoregulatory potential.

    Evidence Co-IP and ChIP for NF-Y/USF complex at HOXB4; cDNA cloning and dimerization/reporter assays for USF1/BD isoform

    PMID:12791656 PMID:12851711

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative abundance and tissue distribution of USF1/BD isoform were not quantified
    • Whether NF-Y directly contacts USF1 or binds DNA adjacently was not resolved
  8. 2007 High

    Discovery that USF1 recruits PRMT1, PCAF, and SRC-1 to form a histone-modifying complex at the β-globin insulator established USF1 as a chromatin barrier factor, not merely a transcriptional activator.

    Evidence Co-IP of USF1–PRMT1 complex with H4R3 methyltransferase and HAT activities; siRNA knockdown causing local loss of euchromatin marks; dominant-negative USF1 peptide abolishing insulator barrier function

    PMID:17846119

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether USF1 recruits similar chromatin-modifying complexes genome-wide was not tested
    • Mechanism of USF1-dependent complex assembly was not structurally characterized
  9. 2009 High

    Demonstration that p38-mediated Thr153 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for USF1 acetylation after DNA damage and oxidative stress revealed a hierarchical PTM code that alters USF1 transcriptional properties.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis of Thr153, acetylation assays, nuclear fractionation, reporter assays

    PMID:19389701

    Open questions at the time
    • Acetyltransferase responsible for USF1 acetylation was not identified
    • Genome-wide consequences of phospho-acetylated USF1 were not mapped
  10. 2011 High

    GSK3 was identified as a USF1 kinase at Thr153/Ser186 that activates USF1 binding to E-boxes vacated by Max/Mnt upon PI3K inhibition, revealing a kinase-dependent E-box switching mechanism linking survival signaling to transcriptional output.

    Evidence In vitro GSK3 kinase assay with phosphosite mapping, ChIP for Max/Mnt/USF1 promoter switching, RNAi and apoptosis assays

    PMID:21873430

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether GSK3 and p38 phosphorylation of Thr153 are redundant or additive was not tested
    • Structural basis for Max-to-USF1 E-box exchange was not resolved
  11. 2012 High

    Usf1 knockout mice showed compromised nucleotide excision repair after UV irradiation through failure to upregulate CSA and HR23A, establishing a p53-independent role for USF1 in the DNA damage response.

    Evidence Usf1 KO mouse UV irradiation model, gene expression analysis and ChIP for NER gene promoters

    PMID:22291606

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct promoter mechanism (which E-boxes in CSA/HR23A) was not fully characterized
    • Whether USF1 also regulates other DNA repair pathways was not explored
  12. 2013 High

    Two discoveries—USF1 recruiting hSET1A to the HoxB4 promoter to govern H3K4me3 and ESC mesoderm differentiation, and USF1 competing with CLOCK:BMAL1 for genome-wide E-box occupancy—demonstrated that USF1 is both a chromatin organizer in development and a modulator of circadian transcription.

    Evidence ChIP for H3K4me3/hSET1A at HoxB4, dominant-negative and RNAi in ESC differentiation; genetic suppressor mapping plus genome-wide USF1 ChIP and saturation E-box binding in Clock mutant mice

    PMID:23580255 PMID:23754954

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether hSET1A recruitment is a general feature of all USF1-bound promoters was unknown
    • Full circadian transcriptome regulated by USF1 was not defined
  13. 2014 High

    USF1 was shown to stabilize p53 by physically preventing MDM2-mediated degradation through a mechanism independent of USF1's own DNA-binding domain, revealing a non-transcriptional tumor-suppressive function.

    Evidence Co-IP of USF1/p53/MDM2, Usf1 KO cells with enhanced p53 degradation, rescue by truncated USF1 lacking DNA-binding and transactivation domains

    PMID:24831529

    Open questions at the time
    • Domain on USF1 that directly contacts p53 and blocks MDM2 was not precisely mapped
    • Whether USF1–p53 interaction is regulated by USF1 PTMs was not tested
  14. 2014 High

    Identification of CK2 phosphorylation at Thr100 as a switch that inhibits USF1–USF2 heterodimerization and selectively modulates metabolic gene promoters (FAS, glucokinase but not HO-1) revealed how a single PTM can alter partner choice and target specificity.

    Evidence In vitro CK2 kinase assay, Thr100 point mutant, USF1–USF2 binding assay, reporter assays on multiple promoters

    PMID:25194820

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo metabolic consequences of CK2-USF1 phosphorylation were not tested in animal models
    • Structural basis for Thr100 effects on heterodimerization was not resolved
  15. 2016 High

    Usf1 knockout mice showed activated brown adipose tissue, enhanced thermogenesis, and improved cardiometabolic parameters, establishing USF1 as a negative regulator of energy expenditure and BAT function.

    Evidence Usf1 KO mice on high-fat diet, USF1 siRNA in brown adipocytes, LPL activity assays, comprehensive metabolic phenotyping

    PMID:26819196

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct USF1 target genes responsible for BAT suppression were not identified
    • Whether pharmacological USF1 inhibition recapitulates the KO phenotype was not tested
  16. 2019 High

    H. pylori infection was found to delocalize USF1 into cytoplasmic foci, disrupting nuclear USF1–p53 complexes and promoting MDM2-dependent p53 degradation, providing a pathogen exploitation mechanism for the USF1–p53 axis.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, Co-IP in infected cells, Usf1−/− mouse carcinogenesis model with genotoxin challenge

    PMID:31822580

    Open questions at the time
    • Bacterial effector responsible for USF1 cytoplasmic relocalization was not identified
    • Whether other pathogens exploit the same mechanism was not explored
  17. 2023 High

    PTP4A1 dephosphorylation of USF1 at Ser309 was shown to increase USF1 activity and induce anti-inflammatory A20 expression, attenuating NF-κB-driven vascular inflammation, establishing a phosphatase-dependent activation mechanism.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP at A20 promoter, shRNA/overexpression, Ptp4a1 KO and transgenic mice in ApoE−/− atherosclerosis model

    PMID:36534975

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase that phosphorylates S309 to oppose PTP4A1 was not identified
    • Full spectrum of USF1 targets regulated by S309 phosphorylation status was not mapped
  18. 2024 Medium

    USF1 knockdown in human macrophages impaired phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and actin content, and USF1 was shown to drive USP14 transcription promoting NLRC5 stabilization and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in atherosclerosis, extending USF1's functional role to innate immune cell biology and vascular remodeling.

    Evidence siRNA in human monocyte-derived macrophages with functional assays and transcriptomics; ChIP/reporter for USF1→USP14, Co-IP for USP14–NLRC5, shRNA rescue in ApoE−/− mice

    PMID:38424494 PMID:38578825

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether macrophage phenotypes are direct or secondary transcriptional effects is unclear
    • USF1→USP14→NLRC5 axis requires independent replication

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A comprehensive structural model of how multiple phosphorylation events (p38, CK2, GSK3, CDK, AKT, PKC/PKA, PTP4A1 dephosphorylation) are integrated on the same USF1 molecule to coordinate dimerization partner choice, DNA-binding selectivity, and chromatin modifier recruitment remains unresolved.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of USF1 or its complexes exists
  • Combinatorial PTM code on USF1 has not been systematically analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry in any single system
  • Genome-wide mapping of USF1 target genes as a function of specific PTM states has not been performed

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 14 GO:0003677 DNA binding 11 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 5
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1 R-HSA-9909396 Circadian clock 1
Partners
ETS1PCAFPRMT1PTP4A1SETD1ATFII-ITP53USF2
Complex memberships
USF1-NF-Y complexUSF1-PRMT1-PCAF-SRC-1 chromatin-modifying complexUSF1/USF2 heterodimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 40 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 USF1 binds cooperatively with Stat1 to the GAS/E-box motif in the CIITA promoter IV; Stat1 can only bind to the GAS site in the presence of USF1 at the adjacent E-box, establishing a cooperative protein-DNA interaction required for IFNγ-induced MHC class II expression. EMSA (cooperative binding assays), transactivation reporter assays, in vivo footprinting Immunity High 9491997
1997 USF1 physically and functionally interacts with TFII-I (a 120 kDa factor binding both Inr and E-box elements); domains of USF1 required for independent and synergistic transcriptional activation were mapped, and the two factors act synergistically to activate transcription through both Inr and E-box elements of the adenovirus major late promoter. cDNA cloning, ectopic expression, in vivo transcription assays, domain deletion analysis The EMBO journal High 9384587
2001 USF1 is phosphorylated and activated by the stress-responsive p38 kinase following UV irradiation, and is required for UV-induced activation of the Tyrosinase promoter in melanocytes; Usf1 knockout melanocytes fail to activate Tyrosinase expression in response to UV. In vitro kinase assay (p38 phosphorylation of USF1), USF1 knockout mouse melanocytes, reporter gene assays, functional UV response assays The EMBO journal High 11532965
1998 USF1 directly interacts with Ets-1 through their DNA-binding domains; the USF1–Ets1 complex binds adjacent E-box and Ets sites in the HIV-1 LTR distal enhancer and synergizes for DNA binding and transactivation in T cells. A dominant-negative Ets-1 mutant inhibits USF1-mediated transactivation in an Ets-site-independent but USF1-binding-surface-dependent manner. Yeast one-hybrid screen, co-IP/pulldown (binding surface mapping), reporter assays with site-directed mutations, dominant-negative constructs The EMBO journal High 9501094
1995 USF1 and USF2 are the major proteins binding the E-box-containing insulin response sequence (IRS) of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) promoter; USF1 protein level is dramatically increased in liver of refed rats (regulated by nutritional state), while a 17-kDa USF1-related protein is inversely regulated, suggesting USF1 mediates insulin/nutritional regulation of FAS transcription. Gel shift competition assay, USF antibody supershift, UV cross-linking, western blotting (nutritional regulation) The Journal of biological chemistry High 7499393
2007 USF1 directly interacts with the histone H4R3-specific methyltransferase PRMT1, and forms a complex with PRMT1, PCAF, and SRC-1 having both H4R3 methyltransferase and HAT activities. USF1 siRNA knockdown causes localized loss of H4R3 methylation and euchromatin-associated histone modifications at the chicken beta-globin insulator, and a dominant-negative USF1 peptide abolishes insulator barrier function. Co-immunoprecipitation, histone methyltransferase assay, HAT assay, siRNA knockdown with ChIP, dominant-negative peptide functional assay Molecular and cellular biology High 17846119
2004 UV-induced activation of POMC and MC1R promoters is mediated by USF1 through p38 stress-activated kinase signaling; melanocytes from Usf1−/− mice exhibit a defective UV response and fail to activate POMC and MC1R expression after UV irradiation. Knockout mouse melanocytes (USF1−/−), reporter assays, RT-PCR for gene expression The Journal of biological chemistry High 15358786
2009 In response to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cellular infection, USF1 is acetylated in a phospho-Thr-153-dependent fashion (p38-mediated phosphorylation on Thr-153 is a prerequisite for acetylation). Phospho-acetylated USF1 is nuclear, binds DNA, but displays altered (reduced) transcriptional activation properties toward pigmentation and cell cycle genes. In vitro kinase assay (p38 on USF1 Thr-153), acetylation assays, site-directed mutagenesis, nuclear fractionation, reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 19389701
1999 DNA-binding activity of USF1 is greatly increased by phosphorylation by cyclin A2-p34(cdc2) or cyclin B1-p34(cdc2) complexes in vitro; the phosphorylation site was localized to residues 143–197, a region outside the minimal DNA-binding domain but overlapping the USF-specific region. In vitro kinase assay (cyclinA2/B1-cdc2 with recombinant USF1), EMSA (DNA binding), deletion/phosphorylation mapping The Biochemical journal High 10548544
2013 USF1 competes with the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex for binding to E-box sites in circadian target genes. A SNP in the Usf1 promoter elevates USF1 transcript and protein, which suppresses the ClockΔ19 mutant behavioral phenotype. Saturation binding experiments show reduced affinity of the CLOCKΔ19:BMAL1 complex for E-box sites, permitting increased USF1 genome-wide occupancy. Genetic suppressor mapping, SNP identification, quantitative ChIP (genome-wide USF1 occupancy), saturation binding experiments, behavioral circadian phenotyping eLife High 23580255
2014 USF1 stabilizes p53 protein by preventing MDM2-mediated p53 degradation; loss of USF1 enhances p53–MDM2 complex formation, leading to proteasomal degradation of p53. A USF1 truncated protein lacking its DNA-binding and transactivation domains is sufficient to restore p53 stability, indicating a non-transcriptional mechanism. Co-immunoprecipitation (USF1/p53/MDM2), Usf1 KO mouse cells, siRNA knockdown, re-expression of truncated USF1, Nutlin-3 comparison, western blotting PLoS genetics High 24831529
2019 H. pylori delocalizes USF1 into cytoplasmic foci near cell membranes, prevents nuclear USF1/p53 complex formation, and promotes MDM2-mediated degradation of p53. USF1 physically interacts with p53 in the nucleus; this complex is disrupted by H. pylori infection, impairing p53 transcriptional function and promoting genetic instability. Immunofluorescence (subcellular localization), Co-IP (USF1/p53), Usf1−/− mouse in vivo carcinogenesis model, genotoxin (camptothecin) challenge Gut High 31822580
2013 USF1 recruits the hSET1A histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex to the HoxB4 promoter, governing H3K4me3 modifications and transcription preinitiation complex assembly. Disruption of USF1 by dominant-negative AUSF1 or siRNA against hSET1A reduces mesoderm marker expression and inhibits lineage differentiation; ectopic USF1 in ESCs promotes mesoderm/hematopoietic differentiation. ChIP (H3K4me3, USF1, hSET1A at HoxB4 promoter), dominant-negative overexpression, RNAi knockdown, ESC differentiation assays PLoS genetics High 23754954
2002 USF1 binds to the E-box motif at −160 to −165 in the PAI-1 proximal promoter in wound-activated keratinocytes; E-box binding activity increases within 2 hours of monolayer scrape injury; USF1 isolated by PAI-1 promoter-DNA affinity chromatography is almost exclusively phosphorylated. Antisense PAI-1 knockdown significantly impairs keratinocyte migration. EMSA, UV crosslinking, DNA affinity chromatography, immunocytochemistry (USF1 localization), antisense knockdown (migration assay) Journal of cell science Medium 12235287
2002 USF1 (and USF2) bind to an E-box at −893/−888 of the murine iNOS promoter and trans-repress basal and IL-1β-induced iNOS transcription in mesangial cells; mutation of the E-box augments iNOS response to IL-1β, and cotransfection of dominant-negative USF-2 or E-box decoys augments IL-1β stimulation of iNOS promoter activity. Site-directed mutagenesis, EMSA (supershift), cotransfection of USF expression vectors and dominant-negative mutants, luciferase reporter assay American journal of physiology. Cell physiology High 12225970
1997 USF1 competitively binds to the xenobiotic response element (XRE) of the rabbit CYP1A1 gene, overlapping the AhR·Arnt binding site, and antagonizes AhR·Arnt-mediated CYP1A1 induction; transfection of USF1 expression vector blocks AhR/Arnt interaction with XRE and suppresses CYP1A1 mRNA induction. Supershift EMSA, competition gel shift, transfection with USF1 expression vector, S1 nuclease protection assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 9374477
2001 USF1 interacts with the MTF-1 metalloregulatory factor to cooperatively regulate MT-I gene expression in response to zinc in visceral endoderm cells; USF1 binds an E-box1 sequence at −223 bp in the MT-I promoter, and MTF-1 is absolutely essential while USF1 is required for optimal expression. USF1 and MTF1 knockout mouse embryos (genetic epistasis), promoter reporter assays, zinc deprivation/repletion The EMBO journal High 11230134
2012 USF1 is required for UV-induced upregulation of DNA repair genes CSA and HR23A (TCR and GGR NER components) through a p53-independent mechanism; Usf1 knockout mice display compromised DNA repair after UV irradiation. In vitro and in vivo UV irradiation assays, Usf1 KO mouse model, gene expression analysis, ChIP PLoS genetics High 22291606
2002 USF1 binds to the E-box at −47 in the cardiac α-MHC promoter (hemodynamic response element); phosphorylation of USF1 by PKC or PKA in vitro increases its DNA-binding activity to the HME. PKC-mediated phosphorylation also causes USF1 multimerization. In vivo, USF1 is phosphorylated in spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes, correlating with enhanced HME binding and α-MHC promoter activity. In vitro kinase assay (PKC, PKA, CK2 with purified rat USF1), gel shift assay, 2D gel electrophoresis of in vivo phosphorylated USF1, luciferase reporter assay American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology High 12063293
2014 Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates USF1 at threonine 100 (identified by deletion and point mutants); inhibition of CK2 kinase activity enhances USF1–USF2 heterodimerization and stimulates transcription from glucokinase and fatty acid synthase promoters but not the heme oxygenase-1 promoter. In vitro CK2 kinase assay, deletion and point mutant mapping (Thr100), USF1-USF2 binding assay, transactivation reporter assay Cellular signalling High 25194820
2017 CK2 phosphorylation of USF1 modulates USF1–PDX-1 interaction and represses PDX-1 promoter transcription; inhibition of CK2 abrogates USF1 binding to the PDX-1 promoter and relieves USF1-mediated transrepression, enhancing insulin expression and secretion from primary islets. Transactivation assay, promoter binding assay with phosphomutant USF1, CK2 inhibitors, Co-IP (USF1–PDX1 interaction), primary islet insulin secretion assay Scientific reports Medium 29180680
2016 USF1 deficiency in mice activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and enhances adrenergic thermogenesis; USF1 silencing in brown adipocytes amplifies the adrenergic response. Usf1 inactivation directs triglycerides from circulation to BAT via a lipoprotein lipase-dependent mechanism, increasing energy expenditure and improving cardiometabolic health. Usf1 knockout mice (diet-induced dyslipidemia model), USF1 siRNA in brown adipocytes (adrenergic response), lipoprotein lipase activity assays, metabolic phenotyping, mitochondrial complex quantification Science translational medicine High 26819196
2003 USF1 and USF2 bind to an E-box (CAGCTG) in the first intron of the FcεRI alpha chain gene; this complex activates FcεRI alpha chain expression. Overexpression of USF2 antisense repressed FcεRI alpha chain promoter activity and decreased alpha chain mRNA levels in mast cell lines. EMSA with antibody supershift and in vitro translated USF1/USF2, reporter assay (orientation/position dependence), USF2 antisense overexpression European journal of immunology Medium 11180124
2011 USF1 is activated by GSK3 phosphorylation (at Thr-153 and Ser-186); upon PI3K inhibition, Max/Mnt complexes dissociate from target gene promoters and USF1 (and MITF) bind E-boxes to induce proapoptotic and cell cycle arrest genes. siRNA against USF1 reduces transcriptional induction of these genes and protects cells from apoptosis. ChIP (Max, Mnt, USF1, MITF binding), RNAi (USF1, MITF, FoxO3a), in vitro GSK3 phosphorylation (Thr153/Ser186 identified), PI3K inhibitor treatment The Journal of biological chemistry High 21873430
2008 Retinoic acid triggers a feed-forward transcriptional loop in which CREB directly mediates early-phase MKP1 induction, and CREB indirectly induces USF1, which then mediates the later phase of MKP1 stimulation; both CREB and USF1 bind the MKP1 promoter (confirmed by ChIP and gel shift). Silencing USF1 with siRNA blocks the late-phase biological effects of retinoic acid on HIV-infected podocytes. Gel shift assay, ChIP (USF1 binding to MKP1 promoter), luciferase reporter with CRE/Ebox mutations, siRNA knockdown (USF1, CREB, MKP1) Molecular and cellular biology High 18625721
2007 v-Src recruits HDAC1 into a USF1–Sp1–Sp3 complex at the SSeCKS alpha promoter to repress its transcription; v-Src does not alter USF1 binding at the E-box but increases Sp1/Sp3 binding at the GC-box. HDAC inhibitor treatment restores SSeCKS transcript levels; knockdown of HDAC1 is necessary and sufficient for repression of alpha promoter activity. Promoter deletion analysis, ChIP (HDAC1, USF1, Sp1/Sp3 recruitment), HDAC inhibitor (TSA) rescue, Co-IP, siRNA knockdown of HDAC1 The Journal of biological chemistry High 17626016
2016 USF1 acetylation (induced by HDAC2/3 inhibitor apicidin) increases USF1 association with HDAC2/3 and with the ADAM10 promoter, thereby increasing ADAM10 transcription; USF1 knockdown prevents apicidin-mediated ADAM10 upregulation. ERK signaling is required for apicidin's effect on ADAM10 but does not affect USF1 phosphorylation. Luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown (USF1, HDAC2/3), Co-IP (USF1–HDAC2/3 interaction), ChIP (USF1 binding to ADAM10 promoter), ERK inhibitor experiments FASEB journal Medium 28003340
2023 PTP4A1 dephosphorylates USF1 at S309, which increases USF1 transcriptional activity and induces A20 (TNFAIP3) expression, thereby inhibiting NF-κB-mediated vascular inflammation. Loss of PTP4A1 reduces USF1 activity and exacerbates atherogenesis in ApoE−/− mice. shRNA knockdown, overexpression, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP (USF1 binding to A20 promoter), Co-IP, Ptp4a1 KO and transgenic mice, in vivo atherosclerosis model Cardiovascular research High 36534975
2003 USF1 and USF2 bind to the E-box (CACGTG) in the FAS promoter insulin response sequence; USF binding sites are required for thymidylate synthase (TS) transcriptional regulation; a SNP in the second repeat of the 3R allele abolishes USF binding and reduces TS transcriptional activation. EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (in vivo USF binding to TS tandem repeats), mutagenesis of USF sites, reporter assays Cancer research High 12782596
2003 USF1 activates the COX-2 gene promoter through a proximal CRE/E-box element at −56 to −48; MEK/ERK1/2 signaling (activated by H. pylori virulence factors outside the cagPAI) mediates H. pylori-dependent USF1/-2 activation of the COX-2 promoter. Promoter deletion and functional reporter assay, EMSA (USF1/2 binding identification), MEK/ERK inhibitor studies Cellular microbiology Medium 14531897
2000 USF1 and USF2 are major transcription factors binding the FMR1 promoter in brain and testis extracts; methylation of the FMR1 promoter affects binding of USF1 and USF2 (and abolishes alpha-Pal/Nrf-1 binding), providing a mechanism by which methylation silences FMR1 transcription beyond histone deacetylation. EMSA with brain and testis nuclear extracts, antibody supershift, promoter methylation and binding assays, reporter gene assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11058604
2003 NF-Y interacts biochemically with USF1/USF2 on the HOXB4 promoter; formation of the NF-Y/USF1/USF2 complex is required for full HOXB4 promoter activity in hematopoietic cells. NF-Y occupancy decreases with granulocytic differentiation as shown by ChIP. Co-immunoprecipitation (NF-Y/USF1/2 interaction), ChIP (NF-Y occupancy at HOXB4 promoter), reporter assays with binding site mutations Blood High 12791656
2000 USF1 and USF2 bind to the HOXB4 promoter E-box (HXRE-2) and activate HOXB4 transcription through the MAP kinase pathway; USF1 and USF2 (but not MITF) induce the HOXB4 promoter in response to cytokines promoting stem cell self-renewal in both K562 and CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Yeast one-hybrid screen, EMSA, cotransfection reporter assays in K562 and primary CD34+ cells, E-box mutation analysis The Journal of experimental medicine Medium 11085749
2004 USF1 (and ERα) are components of a multi-protein complex at the ERα minimal promoter; USF1 directly binds the imperfect E-box in the ERα minimal promoter (by EMSA), and ERα interacts with USF1 in vitro (GST pulldown); combined expression of Sp1, USF1, and ERα synergistically transactivates the ERα minimal promoter in MCF-7 cells. EMSA, GST pulldown (ERα–USF1 interaction), cotransfection reporter assay Breast cancer research and treatment Medium 15111769
2011 USF1 plays a critical role in diabetic kidney disease; high glucose inhibits AMPK activity and increases USF1 nuclear translocation; USF1 knockout diabetic mice display significantly less albuminuria and mesangial matrix expansion, and reduced TGF-β1 and renin expression. AMPK activation with AICAR reduces nuclear USF1 accumulation. USF1 KO mouse × Akita diabetic mouse (loss-of-function + disease model), AMPK activation/inhibition in mesangial cells, nuclear fractionation (USF1 localization) American journal of physiology. Renal physiology High 21543418
2024 USF1 knockdown in human macrophages decreases phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and actin content, and alters expression of adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling genes; loss of USF1 increases macrophage cell size and alters morphology, phenocopying aging-related macrophage functional decline. siRNA knockdown of USF1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages, phagocytosis assay, chemotaxis assay, actin content measurement, transcriptomics Cell reports Medium 38578825
2024 USF1 transcriptionally activates USP14, which promotes deubiquitination and stabilization of NLRC5, leading to Smad2/3 pathway activation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in atherosclerosis. USF1 knockdown inhibits EndMT and delays atherosclerosis progression in ApoE−/− mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assay (USF1→USP14 promoter), ChIP (USF1 binding to USP14 promoter), Co-IP (USP14–NLRC5 interaction), shRNA knockdown rescue experiments, in vivo ApoE−/− mouse atherosclerosis model Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) High 38424494
2003 A novel alternatively spliced isoform of human USF1 (USF1/BD), lacking the N-terminal transactivation domain, localizes to the nucleus and represses the angiotensinogen gene promoter; USF1/BD can form homodimers and heterodimers with USF1(wt) and bind E-box DNA in vitro. cDNA cloning, nuclear localization (ectopic expression), in vitro translation/dimerization assay, EMSA, reporter assay International journal of molecular medicine Medium 12851711
2018 AKT-mediated phosphorylation of USF1 (induced by insulin via PI3K/AKT) enhances USF1 binding to the WBP2 promoter E-box and increases WBP2 transcription; USF1 is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues and promotes cancer cell proliferation. Yeast one-hybrid (USF1 as E-box binder of WBP2 promoter), ChIP (USF1 binding to WBP2 promoter), tandem mass spectrometry (USF1 phosphorylation), reporter assay, insulin stimulation with AKT inhibitor FASEB journal Medium 30183375
2022 USF1 drives transcription of the lncRNA FASRL through a superenhancer; FASRL in turn binds to and increases activity of ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1), the fatty acid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme, promoting lipid accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. ChIP (USF1 binding to FASRL superenhancer), reporter assay, RNA pulldown (FASRL–ACACA interaction), in vitro and in vivo proliferation assays Advanced science Medium 36307901

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 Activation of the MHC class II transactivator CIITA by interferon-gamma requires cooperative interaction between Stat1 and USF-1. Immunity 306 9491997
2003 A novel single nucleotide polymorphism within the 5' tandem repeat polymorphism of the thymidylate synthase gene abolishes USF-1 binding and alters transcriptional activity. Cancer research 305 12782596
2004 Familial combined hyperlipidemia is associated with upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1). Nature genetics 242 14991056
1997 Cloning of an inr- and E-box-binding protein, TFII-I, that interacts physically and functionally with USF1. The EMBO journal 175 9384587
2001 The Usf-1 transcription factor is a novel target for the stress-responsive p38 kinase and mediates UV-induced Tyrosinase expression. The EMBO journal 173 11532965
2009 The variant rs1867277 in FOXE1 gene confers thyroid cancer susceptibility through the recruitment of USF1/USF2 transcription factors. PLoS genetics 132 19730683
2009 A systems genetics approach implicates USF1, FADS3, and other causal candidate genes for familial combined hyperlipidemia. PLoS genetics 126 19750004
1998 Cooperative interaction of ets-1 with USF-1 required for HIV-1 enhancer activity in T cells. The EMBO journal 118 9501094
1995 Upstream stimulatory factors bind to insulin response sequence of the fatty acid synthase promoter. USF1 is regulated. The Journal of biological chemistry 104 7499393
2007 USF1 recruits histone modification complexes and is critical for maintenance of a chromatin barrier. Molecular and cellular biology 101 17846119
2004 UV-induced expression of key component of the tanning process, the POMC and MC1R genes, is dependent on the p-38-activated upstream stimulating factor-1 (USF-1). The Journal of biological chemistry 101 15358786
2008 Whole-genome maps of USF1 and USF2 binding and histone H3 acetylation reveal new aspects of promoter structure and candidate genes for common human disorders. Genome research 86 18230803
2001 The transcription factors MTF-1 and USF1 cooperate to regulate mouse metallothionein-I expression in response to the essential metal zinc in visceral endoderm cells during early development. The EMBO journal 83 11230134
2000 Interaction of the transcription factors USF1, USF2, and alpha -Pal/Nrf-1 with the FMR1 promoter. Implications for Fragile X mental retardation syndrome. The Journal of biological chemistry 77 11058604
2019 USF1 defect drives p53 degradation during Helicobacter pylori infection and accelerates gastric carcinogenesis. Gut 74 31822580
2003 Helicobacter pylori stimulates host cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcription: critical importance of MEK/ERK-dependent activation of USF1/-2 and CREB transcription factors. Cellular microbiology 71 14531897
2005 USF1 and dyslipidemias: converging evidence for a functional intronic variant. Human molecular genetics 69 16076849
2019 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 facilitates the tumorigenesis and stemness of gastric carcinoma via regulation of miR-708-5p/USF1 pathway. Cell proliferation 68 31468594
2013 Usf1, a suppressor of the circadian Clock mutant, reveals the nature of the DNA-binding of the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex in mice. eLife 65 23580255
2004 Variation in USF1 shows haplotype effects, gene : gene and gene : environment associations with glucose and lipid parameters in the European Atherosclerosis Research Study II. Human molecular genetics 65 15175273
2016 USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health. Science translational medicine 64 26819196
2003 NF-Y cooperates with USF1/2 to induce the hematopoietic expression of HOXB4. Blood 63 12791656
2013 USF1 and hSET1A mediated epigenetic modifications regulate lineage differentiation and HoxB4 transcription. PLoS genetics 52 23754954
2001 Upstream stimulating factor-1 (USF1) and USF2 bind to and activate the promoter of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene. Journal of cellular biochemistry 51 11241666
2019 Knockdown of USF1 Inhibits the Vasculogenic Mimicry of Glioma Cells via Stimulating SNHG16/miR-212-3p and linc00667/miR-429 Axis. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 50 30743215
1997 The basic helix-loop-helix-zipper transcription factor USF1 regulates expression of the surfactant protein-A gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 9287355
2024 Aging-related defects in macrophage function are driven by MYC and USF1 transcriptional programs. Cell reports 46 38578825
2006 Risk alleles of USF1 gene predict cardiovascular disease of women in two prospective studies. PLoS genetics 46 16699592
1999 DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF-1) is regulated by cyclin-dependent phosphorylation. The Biochemical journal 45 10548544
2022 Upregulation of Superenhancer-Driven LncRNA FASRL by USF1 Promotes De Novo Fatty Acid Biosynthesis to Exacerbate Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 43 36307901
2017 The Role of HOTAIR/miR-148b-3p/USF1 on Regulating the Permeability of BTB. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 43 28701916
2002 Epithelial monolayer wounding stimulates binding of USF-1 to an E-box motif in the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene. Journal of cell science 43 12235287
2019 USF1-induced upregulation of LINC01048 promotes cell proliferation and apoptosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by binding to TAF15 to transcriptionally activate YAP1. Cell death & disease 41 30931936
1997 Inhibition of the transcription of CYP1A1 gene by the upstream stimulatory factor 1 in rabbits. Competitive binding of USF1 with AhR.Arnt complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 41 9374477
2018 Suppression of metastasis through inhibition of chitinase 3-like 1 expression by miR-125a-3p-mediated up-regulation of USF1. Theranostics 39 30214629
2009 Target gene specificity of USF-1 is directed via p38-mediated phosphorylation-dependent acetylation. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 19389701
2009 Genetic association and interaction analysis of USF1 and APOA5 on lipid levels and atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 39 19910639
2000 Hematopoietic expression of HOXB4 is regulated in normal and leukemic stem cells through transcriptional activation of the HOXB4 promoter by upstream stimulating factor (USF)-1 and USF-2. The Journal of experimental medicine 39 11085749
2008 Retinoic acid utilizes CREB and USF1 in a transcriptional feed-forward loop in order to stimulate MKP1 expression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected podocytes. Molecular and cellular biology 38 18625721
2007 Regulation of IL-10 expression by upstream stimulating factor (USF-1) in glioma-associated microglia. Journal of neuroimmunology 36 17289164
2001 Promoter I of the ovine acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha gene: an E-box motif at -114 in the proximal promoter binds upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1 and USF-2 and acts as an insulin-response sequence in differentiating adipocytes. The Biochemical journal 35 11583573
2014 p53 requires the stress sensor USF1 to direct appropriate cell fate decision. PLoS genetics 34 24831529
2007 v-Src-mediated down-regulation of SSeCKS metastasis suppressor gene promoter by the recruitment of HDAC1 into a USF1-Sp1-Sp3 complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 17626016
2004 Regulation of the estrogen receptor alpha minimal promoter by Sp1, USF-1 and ERalpha. Breast cancer research and treatment 34 15111769
2011 The E-box binding factors Max/Mnt, MITF, and USF1 act coordinately with FoxO to regulate expression of proapoptotic and cell cycle control genes by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 21873430
2020 The transcription factor USF1 promotes glioma cell invasion and migration by activating lncRNA HAS2-AS1. Bioscience reports 31 32776110
2004 Upstream stimulatory factors, USF1 and USF2, bind to the human haem oxygenase-1 proximal promoter in vivo and regulate its transcription. The Biochemical journal 31 15242350
1996 Mouse USF1 gene cloning: comparative organization within the c-myc gene family. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 30 8875887
2002 Role of USF1 phosphorylation on cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter activity. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 29 12063293
2011 Role of the USF1 transcription factor in diabetic kidney disease. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 28 21543418
2005 Role of USF1 and USF2 as potential repressor proteins for human intestinal monocarboxylate transporter 1 promoter. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 27 15691871
2021 miR-210-3p Promotes Lung Cancer Development and Progression by Modulating USF1 and PCGF3. OncoTargets and therapy 26 34140779
2016 Histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin increases expression of the α-secretase ADAM10 through transcription factor USF1-mediated mechanisms. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 26 28003340
2008 Association analysis of allelic variants of USF1 in coronary atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 25 18276913
2024 USF1 transcriptionally activates USP14 to drive atherosclerosis by promoting EndMT through NLRC5/Smad2/3 axis. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 24 38424494
2019 Transcriptional Regulation Factors of the Human Mitochondrial Aspartate/Glutamate Carrier Gene, Isoform 2 (SLC25A13): USF1 as Basal Factor and FOXA2 as Activator in Liver Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 24 30995827
2014 Association of USF1 and APOA5 polymorphisms with familial combined hyperlipidemia in an Italian population. Molecular and cellular probes 24 25308402
2005 The roles of Sp1, Sp3, USF1/USF2 and NRF-1 in the regulation and three-dimensional structure of the Fragile X mental retardation gene promoter. The Biochemical journal 24 15479157
2007 USF1 gene variants, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in European Americans: analysis of two US cohort studies. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 23 17885212
2004 Pea3 transcription factor cooperates with USF-1 in regulation of the murine bax transcription without binding to an Ets-binding site. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 15466854
2022 USF1/CD90 signaling in maintaining glioblastoma stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages adhesion. Neuro-oncology 22 35287174
2022 USF1-ATRAP-PBX3 Axis Promote Breast Cancer Glycolysis and Malignant Phenotype by Activating AKT/mTOR Signaling. International journal of biological sciences 22 35414770
2008 Genetic variants in the USF1 gene are associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in women: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002. European journal of endocrinology 22 18593823
2020 USF1-induced overexpression of long noncoding RNA WDFY3-AS2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via targeting miR-491-5p/ZNF703 axis. Molecular carcinogenesis 21 32275336
2008 Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) in risk of type 2 diabetes: association study in 2000 Dutch Caucasians. Molecular genetics and metabolism 21 18445538
2008 USF1/2 transcription factor DNA-binding activity is induced during rat Sertoli cell differentiation. Biology of reproduction 21 18768914
2004 A promoter polymorphism in the central MHC gene, IKBL, influences the binding of transcription factors USF1 and E47 on disease-associated haplotypes. Gene expression 21 15473256
2005 Common polymorphisms in the USF1 gene are not associated with type 2 diabetes in French Caucasians. Diabetes 20 16186412
2001 A complex composed of USF1 and USF2 activates the human FcepsilonRI alpha chain expression via a CAGCTG element in the first intron. European journal of immunology 19 11180124
2014 Upstream Transcription Factor 1 (USF1) allelic variants regulate lipoprotein metabolism in women and USF1 expression in atherosclerotic plaque. Scientific reports 18 24722012
2012 USF-1 is critical for maintaining genome integrity in response to UV-induced DNA photolesions. PLoS genetics 18 22291606
2000 Growth state-dependent binding of USF-1 to a proximal promoter E box element in the rat plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene. Experimental cell research 18 11010817
2023 Endothelial PTP4A1 mitigates vascular inflammation via USF1/A20 axis-mediated NF-κB inactivation. Cardiovascular research 17 36534975
2020 USF1-mediated upregulation of lncRNA GAS6-AS2 facilitates osteosarcoma progression through miR-934/BCAT1 axis. Aging 17 32269179
2017 Functional interplay between the transcription factors USF1 and PDX-1 and protein kinase CK2 in pancreatic β-cells. Scientific reports 17 29180680
2007 USF1 gene variants contribute to metabolic traits in men in a longitudinal 32-year follow-up study. Diabetologia 17 18097648
2002 USF-1 and USF-2 trans-repress IL-1beta-induced iNOS transcription in mesangial cells. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 17 12225970
2018 Phosphorylation of E-box binding USF-1 by PI3K/AKT enhances its transcriptional activation of the WBP2 oncogene in breast cancer cells. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 16 30183375
2014 Requirement of the transcription factor USF1 in bovine oocyte and early embryonic development. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 16 25385722
2012 Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) polymorphisms associate with Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathological lesions: Tampere Autopsy Study. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) 16 22390463
2007 Associations between USF1 gene variants and cardiovascular risk factors in the Quebec Family Study. Clinical genetics 16 17309647
2019 Transcription Factor USF1 Is Required for Maintenance of Germline Stem Cells in Male Mice. Endocrinology 15 30759202
2014 Suppression of adipogenesis by valproic acid through repression of USF1-activated fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. The Biochemical journal 15 24511897
2003 HOXB7 expression is regulated by the transcription factors NF-Y, YY1, Sp1 and USF-1. Biochimica et biophysica acta 15 12697323
2003 Cloning and characterization of a novel splicing isoform of USF1. International journal of molecular medicine 15 12851711
2018 USF1 deficiency alleviates inflammation, enhances cholesterol efflux and prevents cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Lipids in health and disease 14 30545366
2009 Gene-gene interaction between APOA5 and USF1: two candidate genes for the metabolic syndrome. Obesity facts 14 20054229
1997 Characterization of UEF-4, a DNA-binding protein required for transcriptional synergism between two AP-1 sites in the human urokinase enhancer. The Journal of biological chemistry 14 9295342
1997 Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) suppresses induction of CYP1A1 mRNA by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in HepG2 cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 14 9388470
2020 TUG1 long non-coding RNA enlists the USF1 transcription factor to overexpress ROMO1 leading to hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis. MedComm 13 34766130
2014 The upstream stimulatory factor USF1 is regulated by protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation. Cellular signalling 13 25194820
2013 Molecular characterization, expression patterns, and association analysis with carcass traits of porcine USF1 gene. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 13 23666615
2016 USF1 prompt melanoma through upregulating TGF-β signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 12 27649659
2016 miR-483 is a self-regulating microRNA and can activate its own expression via USF1 in HeLa cells. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 12 27693430
2010 NF-Y and USF1 transcription factor binding to CCAAT-box and E-box elements activates the CP27 promoter. Gene 12 21078375
2018 Interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) promotes melanoma invasiveness and is transcriptionally up-regulated by upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1). The Journal of biological chemistry 11 29871931
2017 Upstream stimulating factor1 (USF1) enhances the proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells mainly by activating the transcription of mucin13 (MUC13). Die Pharmazie 11 29441861
2014 Leishmania donovani activates uncoupling protein 2 transcription to suppress mitochondrial oxidative burst through differential modulation of SREBP2, Sp1 and USF1 transcription factors. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 11 24417972
2008 Interaction of USF1/USF2 and alpha-Pal/Nrf1 to Fmr-1 promoter increases in mouse brain during aging. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 18782566
1990 A yeast homolog of the human UEF stimulates transcription from the adenovirus 2 major late promoter in yeast and in mammalian cell-free systems. Nucleic acids research 10 2204028