Affinage

MCM2

DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 · UniProt P49736

Round 2 corrected
Length
904 aa
Mass
101.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 55 papers cited in narrative 55 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MCM2 is a subunit of the heterohexameric MCM2-7 replicative helicase, essential for both the initiation and elongation phases of eukaryotic DNA replication, and serving dual roles as a histone H3-H4 chaperone that ensures symmetric parental histone inheritance during fork progression (PMID:2044961, PMID:10834843, PMID:30115746). During G1, ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1 loads MCM2-7 as a head-to-head double hexamer onto origin DNA, with the Mcm2-Mcm5 interface functioning as the DNA entry gate whose opening and closure are coupled to ATP hydrolysis and Cdt1 release (PMID:19896182, PMID:25085418, PMID:28191892). S-phase activation requires Mec1/ATR-dependent priming phosphorylation followed by DDK (Cdc7-Dbf4) phosphorylation of the MCM2 N-terminus—with Dbf4's HBRCT domain docking onto Mcm2 across the double-hexamer interface—to promote Cdc45-GINS recruitment and CMG complex assembly, converting the latent ring into an active helicase (PMID:9407029, PMID:35614055, PMID:33616038). Beyond replication, MCM2's histone-binding domain cooperates with ASF1 and FACT to recycle parental histones to lagging strands, supports stem cell differentiation by remodeling bivalent chromatin domains, and acts as a transcriptional repressor at cilia-inhibiting gene promoters in non-cycling cells to promote ciliogenesis (PMID:26167883, PMID:36354740, PMID:37850662, PMID:30329080).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1991 High

    Establishing that MCM2 encodes an essential DNA replication initiation factor answered the question of which gene products maintain minichromosome stability; MCM2's genetic interaction with MCM3 and its zinc-finger domain revealed it as part of a functionally linked replication module.

    Evidence Genetic analysis in S. cerevisiae including double-mutant lethality and overexpression suppression

    PMID:2044961

    Open questions at the time
    • Biochemical activity of MCM2 unknown
    • Whether MCM2 functions as part of a multi-subunit complex not yet shown
  2. 1995 High

    Demonstrating that MCM2 associates with chromatin specifically in G1/early S phase and is lost upon hyperphosphorylation established the paradigm of cell-cycle-regulated chromatin licensing.

    Evidence DNase I digestion, Triton X-100 extraction, and cell cycle fractionation of human BM28/MCM2

    PMID:7790346

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the kinase(s) responsible for MCM2 phosphorylation unknown
    • Mechanism of chromatin loading not defined
  3. 1997 High

    Identifying Cdc7-Dbf4 as the kinase that phosphorylates MCM2 and showing genetic suppression of mcm2-1 by dbf4 mutations placed DDK phosphorylation of MCM2 as the critical regulatory step at the G1/S transition.

    Evidence Suppressor screen, in vitro kinase assay, and genetic epistasis in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:9407029

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific phosphorylation sites on MCM2 not mapped
    • Whether phosphorylation is sufficient for helicase activation unclear
  4. 2000 High

    Showing that MCM depletion after initiation irreversibly blocks fork progression resolved the long-standing question of whether MCMs act only at initiation or also during elongation, establishing MCM2-7 as the replicative helicase.

    Evidence Conditional degron depletion of MCMs in S. cerevisiae with BrdU incorporation and DNA fiber analysis

    PMID:10834843

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct demonstration of helicase activity for the six-subunit complex in vitro
  5. 2001 High

    Discovering that MCM2 binds histones H3/H4 and assembles nucleosome-like structures in vitro—in addition to inhibiting Mcm4/6/7 helicase activity—revealed an unexpected histone-chaperone function separate from its helicase role.

    Evidence In vitro nucleosome assembly assay, helicase inhibition, and deletion mapping with mouse Mcm2

    PMID:11568184

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of histone binding not yet tested
    • Whether histone chaperoning occurs at the fork unknown
  6. 2006 High

    Isolation of the CMG (Cdc45-MCM2-7-GINS) complex as a stable entity with ATP-dependent helicase activity, and demonstration that DDK phosphomimetic MCM2 rescues replication, established that DDK-mediated MCM2 phosphorylation activates the CMG holohelicase.

    Evidence Immunoaffinity purification from Drosophila embryos with helicase assay; siRNA/phosphomimetic rescue in human cells

    PMID:16798881 PMID:16899510

    Open questions at the time
    • Complete reconstitution of CMG activation from purified components not yet achieved
    • Structural basis of Cdc45/GINS engagement unknown
  7. 2009 High

    Reconstitution of MCM2-7 double-hexamer loading revealed that two heptamers (Cdt1-Mcm2-7) are loaded cooperatively by ORC-Cdc6 as a head-to-head pair that encircles and slides along dsDNA, defining the architecture of the pre-replicative complex.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution with purified yeast proteins, electron microscopy, and DNA-binding assays

    PMID:19896182 PMID:19910535

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of second hexamer recruitment onto the first not resolved
    • Role of individual ATPase sites in loading not dissected
  8. 2011 High

    EM visualization of the Mcm2-Mcm5 gate in the MCM ring and its bridging by Cdc45/GINS in the CMG complex resolved how the open helicase ring is sealed for processive unwinding, placing the Mcm2-Mcm5 discontinuity as the DNA entry gate.

    Evidence Single-particle EM of Mcm2-7 and CMG complex from Drosophila

    PMID:21378962

    Open questions at the time
    • High-resolution structure of the gate transition not available
    • Mechanism of gate opening during loading not directly visualized
  9. 2014 High

    Chemical crosslinking of the Mcm2-Mcm5 gate blocked loading in vitro and was lethal in vivo, directly proving this interface is the unique DNA entry gate; systematic ATPase mutagenesis across all six subunits delineated which sites drive recruitment, Cdt1 release, and unwinding.

    Evidence Chemical crosslinking with reconstituted loading, Walker A/B mutagenesis of all MCM subunits, yeast genetics

    PMID:25085418 PMID:25087876

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational dynamics of gate opening during loading not captured in real time
  10. 2015 High

    Crystal structures of MCM2's histone-binding domain with H3-H4 tetramer and with ASF1-H3-H4 dimer revealed the molecular basis of MCM2's histone-chaperone function, showing MCM2 hijacks nucleosomal DNA-binding sites on H3-H4.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of MCM2-HBD/H3-H4 and MCM2-HBD/ASF1/H3-H4 complexes, mutagenesis

    PMID:26167883

    Open questions at the time
    • How histone transfer occurs at the moving fork not structurally resolved
    • Whether leading and lagging strand histone deposition use distinct mechanisms unknown
  11. 2017 High

    Near-atomic cryo-EM structures of the OCCM loading intermediate and the DNA-bound double hexamer revealed how ORC-Cdc6 engage MCM2-7, how Cdt1 wraps around Mcm2/4/6, and how DNA is threaded through the central channel with strand-specific contacts, providing the structural framework for origin licensing and initial strand separation.

    Evidence Cryo-EM at 3.9 Å (OCCM) and cryo-EM of double hexamer on dsDNA

    PMID:28191893 PMID:28191894 PMID:29078375

    Open questions at the time
    • Transition from double hexamer to two separated CMGs not structurally captured
    • Lagging-strand extrusion mechanism inferred but not directly observed
  12. 2018 High

    SCAR-seq in embryonic stem cells demonstrated that MCM2's histone-binding domain ensures symmetric segregation of parental H3-H4 to both sister chromatids, answering how epigenetic information is faithfully duplicated during replication.

    Evidence Genome-wide sister chromatid histone partitioning assay (SCAR-seq) with MCM2 histone-binding mutants in mouse ES cells

    PMID:30115746

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism discriminating leading vs. lagging strand histone deposition not fully defined
    • Contribution of other histone chaperones at the fork not disentangled
  13. 2019 Medium

    Discovery that MCM2 binds cilia-inhibiting gene promoters in non-cycling cells to repress transcription established a replication-independent transcriptional function for MCM2 in ciliogenesis.

    Evidence ChIP, siRNA in non-cycling human fibroblasts, zebrafish morpholino depletion with cilia length measurement

    PMID:30329080

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of transcriptional repression by MCM2 at promoters undefined
    • Whether other MCM subunits share this non-replicative function untested
    • Independent replication in additional model systems needed
  14. 2022 High

    Cryo-EM of DDK bound to the MCM2-7 double hexamer showed that Dbf4-HBRCT docks on Mcm2 and DDK rotates around this anchor to phosphorylate Mcm4 on the opposite hexamer as well as Mcm2 and Mcm6, explaining how a single kinase activates an entire double hexamer.

    Evidence Cryo-EM structure of DDK-MCM2-7 double hexamer complex with biochemical validation

    PMID:35614055

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether DDK phosphorylation events are ordered or stochastic in vivo not resolved
    • Structural basis of CMG conversion step after phosphorylation still incomplete
  15. 2023 High

    Identification of FACT subunit Spt16 as a direct interactor of MCM2-7 that forms a ternary complex with MCM2-HBD and H3/H4 resolved how parental histones are recycled to the lagging strand, completing the mechanistic picture of MCM2-mediated epigenome duplication.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, and strand-specific histone recycling assays in budding yeast

    PMID:37850662

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FACT-MCM2 interaction is conserved in metazoans at the structural level not shown
    • Quantitative contribution of FACT versus other chaperones to lagging-strand histone deposition unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural mechanism by which the double hexamer separates into two active CMGs, how MCM2's histone-binding and helicase functions are coordinated at individual forks in real time, and the molecular basis of MCM2's replication-independent transcriptional repression.
  • No structure of the double-hexamer-to-CMG transition
  • Real-time single-molecule visualization of coupled histone transfer and unwinding lacking
  • Mechanism of MCM2-mediated transcriptional repression at cilia gene promoters undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0042393 histone binding 5 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 5 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 3
Localization
GO:0005694 chromosome 5 GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication 9 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 6 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 4
Partners
ASF1CDC45CDC7CDT1DBF4HBO1PTENSPT16
Complex memberships
CMG (Cdc45-MCM2-7-GINS)MCM2-7 double hexamerMCM2-7 hexamerOCCM (ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1-MCM2-7)

Evidence

Reading pass · 55 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1991 MCM2 and MCM3 encode structurally related proteins essential for ARS-specific minichromosome maintenance and initiation of DNA replication in S. cerevisiae; MCM2 contains a putative zinc-finger domain essential for function, and genetic studies show MCM2 and MCM3 play interacting roles in DNA replication. Genetic analysis, double-mutant lethality, overexpression suppression, sequence analysis Genes & development High 2044961
1993 Fission yeast nda1+ and nda4+, orthologues of budding yeast MCM2 and CDC46, are essential for S-phase initiation; mutations cause a reversible cell cycle block at the onset of DNA synthesis. Complementation cloning, temperature-sensitive mutant analysis, DNA content analysis, gene disruption Molecular biology of the cell High 8298187
1995 Human BM28 (MCM2) is chromatin-associated in G1/early S phase (DNase I-sensitive), is progressively lost from chromatin as S phase proceeds, and undergoes cell-cycle-regulated changes in electrophoretic mobility consistent with phosphorylation; hyperphosphorylation of the fast-migrating form correlates with chromatin dissociation. Triton X-100 extraction, DNase I digestion, cell cycle fractionation, immunoblotting The Journal of cell biology High 7790346
1997 Cdc7-Dbf4 kinase physically interacts with Mcm2 and phosphorylates Mcm2 (and other MCM2-7 members) in vitro; a dbf4 suppressor mutation restores DNA synthesis initiation to mcm2-1 mutants, placing Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylation of Mcm2 as a critical step at the G1-to-S transition. Suppressor screen, in vitro kinase assay, genetic epistasis, physical interaction assay Genes & development High 9407029
2000 MCM complexes are required not only for initiation but also for elongation of DNA replication forks in S. cerevisiae; depletion of MCMs after initiation irreversibly blocks replication fork progression. Conditional degron mutants, BrdU incorporation, DNA fiber analysis Science (New York, N.Y.) High 10834843
2001 Mouse Mcm2 inhibits the DNA helicase activity of the Mcm4,6,7 complex; the C-terminal half of Mcm2 binds Mcm4 to disassemble the Mcm4,6,7 hexamer; the N-terminal region contains major Cdc7-mediated phosphorylation sites; and Mcm2 can assemble a nucleosome-like structure in vitro with H3/H4 histones, with the N-terminal region required for histone binding. In vitro helicase inhibition assay, deletion mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay, nucleosome assembly assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 11568184
2001 MCM2 interacts directly with the histone acetyltransferase HBO1 (a MYST family member); an N-terminal domain of MCM2 is required for HBO1 binding; the C2HC zinc finger of HBO1 mediates the interaction; reverse yeast two-hybrid and suppressor analysis confirm direct interaction. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding, co-immunoprecipitation, reverse two-hybrid, suppressor mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 11278932
2002 Budding yeast Cdt1 interacts with the Mcm2-7 complex, and nuclear accumulation of Cdt1 and Mcm2-7 during G1 is interdependent; CDKs exclude both Cdt1 and Mcm2-7 from the nucleus later in the cell cycle. Co-immunoprecipitation, cell cycle fractionation, genetic interaction Nature cell biology High 11836525
2002 In Xenopus, Mcm10 binds chromatin downstream of Mcm2-7 pre-RC assembly (requires chromatin-bound Mcm2-7) and is required for subsequent Cdc45 loading, RPA binding, and origin unwinding. Xenopus egg extract depletion/add-back, chromatin binding assays Molecular cell High 11864598
2004 ORC ATP hydrolysis (requiring Orc1 and Orc4 subunits) drives reiterative loading of multiple Mcm2-7 complexes at origins; blocking ORC ATPase prevents repeated Mcm2-7 loading. In vitro reconstitution of pre-RC, ATPase-deficient ORC mutants, biochemical loading assays Molecular cell High 15610739
2005 The ATPase activity of MCM2-7 (specifically Walker A motif mutations in MCM6 and MCM7) is dispensable for chromatin loading and pre-RC assembly but is essential for origin DNA unwinding during replication. Reconstituted Xenopus MCM2-7 from purified recombinant proteins, Walker A mutagenesis, chromatin loading assay, DNA replication assay in MCM-depleted extracts The EMBO journal High 16369567
2006 Cdc7 phosphorylates human MCM2 at multiple N-terminal sites (at least three Cdc7 sites, plus Cdk2/Cdk1 S/P sites and a CK2 site); Cdc7-phosphorylated MCM2 isoforms are predominantly not stably associated with chromatin; all sites identified in vitro are phosphorylated in cells. In vitro kinase assay, mass spectrometry, phospho-specific antibodies, cell cycle immunoblotting The Journal of biological chemistry High 16446360
2006 Cdc7/Dbf4 phosphorylation of human MCM2 is essential for initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells; phosphomimetic MCM2 (MCM2E) increases ATPase activity of the MCM2-7 complex and rescues replication after MCM2 siRNA knockdown, whereas non-phosphorylatable MCM2 (MCM2A) cannot. siRNA knockdown, phosphomimetic/non-phosphorylatable mutants, in vitro ATPase assay, immunofluorescence, automated cell imaging Molecular biology of the cell High 16899510
2006 The Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) complex was isolated from Drosophila embryo extracts as a stable, high-molecular-weight complex with associated ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity; RNAi of GINS and Cdc45 blocks S-phase transition. Immunoaffinity chromatography, helicase assay, RNAi knockdown Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16798881
2007 Excess chromatin-bound Mcm2-7 licenses dormant replication origins in human cells that are normally suppressed by checkpoint activity; RNAi reduction of Mcm2-7 suppresses dormant origin use and sensitizes cells to replication inhibitors without affecting normal replication rates. RNAi knockdown, DNA fiber analysis, BrdU incorporation, replication inhibitor challenge Genes & development High 18079179
2007 Orc6 is required for dynamic recruitment of Cdt1 during repeated Mcm2-7 loading; two regions of Orc6 bind Cdt1 directly; an ORC lacking Orc6 fails to load Mcm2-7; a Cdt1-Orc6-CTD fusion restores single-round but not multiple-round Mcm2-7 loading. In vitro reconstitution, direct binding assays, Orc6 depletion, fusion protein complementation Genes & development High 18006685
2009 Mcm2-7 is loaded as a head-to-head double hexamer around double-stranded DNA during pre-RC formation; single heptamers of Cdt1•Mcm2-7 are cooperatively loaded; once loaded, Mcm2-7 double hexamers can slide passively along dsDNA. In vitro reconstitution with purified yeast proteins, electron microscopy, biochemical DNA-binding assays Cell High 19896182
2009 MCM2-7 forms a double hexamer during pre-RC formation in vitro; before loading it is a single hexamer in solution; loaded MCM2-7 encircles DNA and can slide non-directionally; loading requires ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, origin DNA, and ATP hydrolysis. In vitro reconstitution, electron microscopy, biochemical loading assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19910535
2009 Assembly of the human CMG complex (Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS) occurs only after G1/S and requires CDK and Cdc7 kinase activity, as well as RecQL4, Ctf4/And-1, and Mcm10 proteins; TopBP1 is not required for CMG formation in human cells. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in HeLa cells, siRNA depletion, CDK inhibitor treatment Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19805216
2009 Incorporation of Mcm2-7 into the pre-RC changes the level and specificity of DDK (Cdc7-Dbf4) phosphorylation; DDK preferentially targets a conformationally distinct, tightly origin-DNA-linked subpopulation of Mcm2-7; DDK association requires prior phosphorylation of the pre-RC. In vitro kinase assay with pre-RC, origin DNA-binding assays, biochemical fractionation Genes & development High 19270162
2009 MCM10 is essential for the integrity of the RECQ4-MCM replicative helicase complex; MCM10 interacts directly with RECQ4 and regulates its DNA unwinding activity; the RECQ4 chromatin complex contains MCM10, MCM2-7, CDC45, and GINS. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, direct binding assay, helicase assay The EMBO journal High 19696745
2009 Cyclin E-Cdk2 promotes Mcm2 loading onto chromatin in part by driving Cdc7 accumulation; phosphorylation of Mcm2 by Cdc7 is required for Mcm2 chromatin loading during cell cycle re-entry from quiescence; a phosphomimetic Mcm2 mutant bypasses the Cdc7 requirement for loading. Chromatin fractionation, immunoblotting, dominant-negative Cdk2 expression, phosphomimetic/non-phosphorylatable mutants Molecular cell High 19647517
2009 In budding yeast, Dbf4 recruits Cdc7 to Mcm2 (Dbf4 alone binds Mcm2 tightly; Cdc7 alone binds weakly); DDK phosphorylates Mcm2 at Ser-164 and Ser-170; phosphorylation of Ser-170 is essential for cell growth and is bypassed by the mcm5-bob1 mutation. In vitro binding assay, in vitro kinase assay, yeast genetics, phosphosite mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 19692334
2010 Drosophila MCM2-7 helicase is activated in the CMG complex with Cdc45 and GINS; CMG formation elevates ATP hydrolysis rates by ~100-fold, enables helicase activity on circular templates, and improves DNA substrate affinity; GINS binds specifically to MCM4. Recombinant protein reconstitution, ATPase assay, helicase assay, pairwise binding assays Molecular cell High 20122406
2010 Mec1 (ATR orthologue) and other kinases prime Mcm2-7 by phosphorylating S/T-Q and S/T-P motifs on Mcm4 and Mcm6; this priming phosphorylation is required for subsequent DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2-7 and for normal S-phase; Mrc1 facilitates Mec1-dependent priming on chromatin-bound Mcm2-7. Phosphomimetic mutations, genetic epistasis, in vitro kinase assay, S-phase progression analysis Molecular cell High 21070963
2010 MCM-BP can disassemble the MCM2-7 complex and functions as an unloader of MCM2-7 from chromatin at the end of S phase; MCM-BP accumulates in nuclei in late S phase, and its immunodepletion inhibits replication-dependent MCM dissociation without affecting pre-RC formation or DNA replication. Xenopus egg extract depletion, immunopurification, chromatin fractionation, recombinant protein assay Genes & development High 21196493
2011 Electron microscopy of Mcm2-7 reveals two conformations: a lock-washer spiral and a planar gapped ring, with Mcm2 and Mcm5 flanking a breach; GINS and Cdc45 bridge this gap in the CMG complex to form a topologically closed assembly with a large interior channel; nucleotide binding further seals the Mcm2-Mcm5 discontinuity. Single-particle electron microscopy of Mcm2-7 and CMG complex Nature structural & molecular biology High 21378962
2011 Human Ctf4 interacts with multiple components of the CMG complex; the hCtf4-CMG complex contains a homodimeric Ctf4 and monomeric CMG; homodimeric Ctf4 acts as a platform linking polymerase α to the CMG complex; the hCtf4-CMG complex has more salt-resistant helicase activity than CMG alone. In vitro interaction of purified proteins, co-infection in insect cells, HeLa chromatin immunoprecipitation, helicase assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24255107
2011 Charge complementarity between Cdt1 and Mcm6 C-terminal domains mediates Cdt1-MCM2-7 interaction; NMR structure of the Cdt1(410-440)/MCM6(708-821) complex reveals the binding interface; alanine substitutions at conserved interacting residues in yeast are defective in DNA replication and Mcm2 chromatin loading. NMR structure determination, site-directed mutagenesis, yeast genetics, chromatin loading assay Nucleic acids research High 22140117
2011 GINS and Sld3 compete for binding to Mcm2-7 and Cdc45; Sld3 forms a ternary CMS complex (Cdc45-Mcm2-7-Sld3), and GINS displaces Sld3 to form the CMG complex, consistent with a model in which GINS trades places with Sld3 to activate the replication fork helicase. In vitro binding assays, size exclusion chromatography, competition assays with purified proteins The Journal of biological chemistry High 21362622
2012 TIM and TIPIN (replication fork regulators) interact predominantly with MCM3-7 subunits; the Rb N-terminal fragment binds MCM3, MCM6, and MCM7; these interactions were determined by co-immunoprecipitation from co-expressed insect cells. Co-immunoprecipitation from co-expressed Sf9 insect cells Journal of biochemistry Medium 20299328
2012 The Mcm4(Chaos3) allele disrupts MCM4:MCM6 interaction and triggers miR-34-mediated downregulation of MCM2-7 mRNAs via a Dicer1/Drosha-dependent pathway; MCM3 also acts as a negative regulator of MCM2-7 in vivo by complexing with MCM5 via a nuclear-export-signal-like domain, blocking chromatin recruitment. Mouse genetics, microRNA profiling, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin fractionation Nucleic acids research High 22362746
2013 CDK2/cyclinA phosphorylation of MCM4 inhibits the DNA-binding ability of the MCM2-7 complex; changing six Ser/Thr residues in the MCM4 N-terminus to alanine renders MCM2-7 insensitive to CDK-mediated inhibition of DNA binding. In vitro phosphorylation, gel-shift DNA-binding assay, mutagenesis Journal of biochemistry High 23864661
2013 An ORC/Cdc6/MCM2-7 (OCM) intermediate forms after Cdt1 release and ATP hydrolysis; OCM (not the initial OCCM) is competent for MCM2-7 dimerization and double-hexamer assembly; Orc1 and Cdc6 ATPase activities both promote OCM formation; CDK phosphorylation of ORC inhibits OCM formation to enforce once-per-cell-cycle replication. In vitro reconstitution, mutant analysis of ATP hydrolysis, biochemical complex isolation Molecular cell High 23603117
2013 The ORC/Cdc6/MCM2-7 (OCM) complex facilitates MCM2-7 dimerization; MCM2-7 hexamer-interface mutants arrest after OCM formation but before double-hexamer assembly, identifying MCM2-7 dimerization as a distinct and limiting step in pre-RC assembly. In vitro reconstitution, hexamer-interface mutagenesis, biochemical complex analysis, yeast genetics Nucleic acids research High 24234446
2013 Ciprofloxacin preferentially inhibits the DNA helicase activity of Mcm2-7 at concentrations that have little effect on other helicases; an mcm4(chaos3) mutation confers increased ciprofloxacin resistance, directly linking the drug target to Mcm2-7. In vitro helicase assay, yeast and human cell proliferation assay, structural analogue screen Bioscience reports High 24001138
2014 Mcm2-7 ATPase motif mutations show that ATP binding and hydrolysis are required for helicase loading, with specific ATPase sites required for initial Mcm2-7 recruitment or Cdt1 release; a subset of ATPase mutants complete loading but cannot initiate replication, failing in DNA association maintenance, GINS recruitment, or DNA unwinding. Walker A/B mutagenesis of all six Mcm subunits, in vitro helicase loading assay, DNA unwinding assay Molecular cell High 25087876
2014 ORC-Cdc6 loads single Cdt1-Mcm2-7 heptamers, then Cdt1 release and ORC-Cdc6-Mcm2-7 complex formation precede recruitment of a second Mcm2-7 hexamer; structural EM evidence for ORC-Cdc6-Mcm2-7 and ORC-Cdc6-Mcm2-7-Mcm2-7 intermediates; the loaded double hexamer head-to-head interface creates a binding site for S-phase kinase. Electron microscopy, in vitro reconstitution, biochemical intermediate analysis Genes & development High 25319829
2014 The Mcm2-Mcm5 interface serves as the unique DNA entry gate during regulated helicase loading; chemical crosslinking of this gate blocks ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1-dependent loading and triggers ATPase-driven complex disassembly in vitro; Mcm2/Mcm5 gate opening is essential for chromatin loading and cell cycle progression in vivo. Chemical biology (crosslinking), in vitro loading assay, ATPase assay, yeast genetics Genes & development High 25085418
2015 Human MCM2 chaperones histones H3-H4 via its histone-binding domain (HBD); crystal structure shows an H3-H4 tetramer bound by two MCM2 HBDs hijacking nucleosomal DNA-binding sites; a second structure shows MCM2 and ASF1 co-chaperoning an H3-H4 dimer; MCM2 HBD mutation impairs MCM2-7 histone-chaperone function and normal cell proliferation. Crystal structure determination, mutational analysis, cell proliferation assay Nature structural & molecular biology High 26167883
2015 DNA translocases including RNA polymerase can push Mcm2-7 double hexamers along DNA after loading; displaced Mcm2-7 can still support DNA replication initiation distal to the loading site; in yeast defective for transcription termination, RNA polymerase collisions redistribute Mcm2-7 and shift replication initiation sites. In vitro translocase-Mcm2-7 interaction assay, DNA replication assay, genome-wide Mcm2-7 mapping, yeast genetics Molecular cell High 26656162
2015 PTEN physically associates with MCM2, dephosphorylates MCM2 at Ser-41, and restricts replication fork progression under replicative stress; PTEN disruption results in unrestrained fork progression similar to the phosphomimetic MCM2-S41D mutant; PTEN is required for prevention of chromosomal aberrations under replication stress. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphatase assay, DNA fiber analysis, phosphomimetic mutants, chromosomal aberration assay Cell reports High 26549452
2017 Cryo-EM structure of the OCCM (ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1-Mcm2-7) at 3.9 Å shows flexible Mcm2-7 winged-helix domains engaging ORC-Cdc6; Cdt1 embraces Mcm2, Mcm4, and Mcm6 with a three-domain configuration; DNA passes through both rings; Orc4 α-helix and positively charged loops of Orc2/Cdc6 contact origin DNA; the Mcm2-7 C-tier ring is topologically closed by an Mcm5 loop around Mcm2 while the N-tier Mcm2-Mcm5 interface remains open. Cryo-EM structure determination at 3.9 Å Nature structural & molecular biology High 28191893
2017 Cryo-EM of Mcm2-7 double hexamer on dsDNA shows DNA is zigzagged inside the central channel; PS1 loops of Mcm3, 4, 6, 7 (but not 2 and 5) engage the lagging strand with ~1 base per subunit step size; the staggered hexamers position each DNA strand against the Mcm2-Mcm5 gates, suggesting lagging-strand extrusion initiates at the zinc-finger domain interface. Cryo-EM structure of Mcm2-7 double hexamer on dsDNA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29078375
2017 The yeast MCM hexamer and Cdt1-MCM heptamer adopt left-handed coil structures with a 10-15 Å gap between Mcm5 and Mcm2; Cdt1 wraps around the N-terminal regions of Mcm2, Mcm6, and Mcm4; the Mcm5 WHD occludes the central channel; these open-ring precursor structures suggest a spring-action model for helicase loading and origin melting. Cryo-EM structure determination of yeast MCM hexamer and Cdt1-MCM heptamer Nature structural & molecular biology High 28191894
2017 Single-molecule FRET and colocalization spectroscopy show that Mcm2-7 rings are open during initial DNA association and close sequentially (concomitant with Cdt1 release); Mcm2-7 ATP hydrolysis is coupled to ring closure and Cdt1 release; the first Mcm2-7 must load before the second can be recruited. Single-molecule FRET, colocalization single-molecule spectroscopy (CoSMoS) Nature structural & molecular biology High 28191892
2018 MCM2, as part of the replicative helicase, ensures symmetric inheritance of parental histone H3-H4 to both sister chromatids; histone-binding mutations in MCM2 increase leading-strand bias of parental histone segregation and exacerbate histone PTM asymmetry between sister chromatids. SCAR-seq (sister chromatid analysis of replication), histone PTM partition measurement in embryonic stem cells Science (New York, N.Y.) High 30115746
2018 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) stably interacts with multiple MCM2-7 subunits; all six MCM2-7 subunits are O-GlcNAcylated predominantly in the chromatin-bound fraction; OGT silencing decreases chromatin binding of MCM2, MCM6, and MCM7, and destabilizes MCM2/6 and MCM4/7 interactions in chromatin. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, siRNA silencing, chromatin fractionation Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 30069701
2019 A conserved Mcm4 motif is required for stable MCM2-7 double-hexamer formation; mutations permitting loading of two Mcm2-7 complexes but blocking double-hexamer stability demonstrate that double-hexamer formation is required for extensive origin DNA unwinding but not initial DNA melting or recruitment of Cdc45, GINS, or Mcm10. Single-molecule assays, biochemical reconstitution, kinetic analysis eLife High 31385807
2019 MCM2 has a non-replicative role in ciliogenesis in non-cycling human fibroblasts and zebrafish; MCM2 binds to transcription start sites of cilia-inhibiting genes in post-mitotic cells, and its loss promotes transcription of these genes, causing cilia shortening and centriole overduplication. ChIP, siRNA knockdown in non-cycling fibroblasts, zebrafish morpholino depletion, cilia length measurement Nucleic acids research Medium 30329080
2021 DDK phosphorylation of multiple sites on Mcm2-7 N-terminal tails modulates the number of Cdc45-tail-GINS (CtG) intermediates formed per Mcm2-7 in a first recruitment stage; higher CtG multiplicity increases the frequency of CMG formation in a second, inefficient conversion step. Single-molecule biochemical assays for CMG formation, phosphorylation site mutagenesis eLife High 33616038
2022 Cryo-EM and biochemical analysis shows that the Dbf4 HBRCT domain anchors DDK to Mcm2 as a docking point; this supports DDK binding across the MCM2-7 double-hexamer interface, allowing phosphorylation of Mcm4 on the opposite hexamer; DDK rotation around the Mcm2 anchor allows phosphorylation of Mcm2 and Mcm6. Cryo-EM, biochemical analysis, DDK-MCM2-7 interaction mapping Nature communications High 35614055
2022 MCMBP associates with MCM3 and is required for assembly of the MCM2-7 hexamer in human cells using nascent MCM3; acute MCMBP depletion reduces replication licensing; p53-null cells depleted of MCMBP enter S phase and accumulate DNA damage, while p53-positive cells arrest in G1. Auxin-inducible degron (AID) acute depletion, co-immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, DNA damage markers eLife High 35438632
2022 Mcm2 histone-binding function is required for silencing of pluripotent genes and induction of lineage-specific genes during embryonic stem cell differentiation; Mcm2-2A mutation (defective in histone binding) reduces binding of Asf1a (a histone chaperone that partners with Mcm2 for nucleosome disassembly at bivalent chromatin), reduces Mcm2 binding at gene promoters including bivalent domains, and decreases chromatin accessibility at these sites in neural precursor cells. ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, co-immunoprecipitation, mouse ES cell differentiation assays eLife High 36354740
2023 The N-terminus of Spt16 (FACT subunit) directly interacts with the replicative helicase MCM2-7 and facilitates formation of a ternary complex involving FACT, histone H3/H4, and the Mcm2 histone-binding domain; this interaction is required for efficient parental histone recycling and transfer to lagging strands during replication. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-seq for histone partitioning, mutagenesis, FACT-MCM interaction assays in budding yeast Nucleic acids research High 37850662

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2003 Sensing DNA damage through ATRIP recognition of RPA-ssDNA complexes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2197 12791985
2005 Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. Nature 2090 16189514
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2001 DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Annual review of biochemistry 1405 12045100
2006 A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nature biotechnology 1336 16964243
2010 Network organization of the human autophagy system. Nature 1286 20562859
2009 Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape. Cell 1282 19615732
2004 Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1159 15302935
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2005 Nucleolar proteome dynamics. Nature 934 15635413
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2010 An atlas of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in mouse and man. Cell 573 20211142
2006 Isolation of the Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) complex, a candidate for the eukaryotic DNA replication fork helicase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 560 16798881
2006 ING tumor suppressor proteins are critical regulators of chromatin acetylation required for genome expression and perpetuation. Molecular cell 550 16387653
2009 Concerted loading of Mcm2-7 double hexamers around DNA during DNA replication origin licensing. Cell 548 19896182
2017 Anticancer sulfonamides target splicing by inducing RBM39 degradation via recruitment to DCAF15. Science (New York, N.Y.) 533 28302793
2000 Uninterrupted MCM2-7 function required for DNA replication fork progression. Science (New York, N.Y.) 528 10834843
2007 Dormant origins licensed by excess Mcm2-7 are required for human cells to survive replicative stress. Genes & development 474 18079179
2010 Activation of the MCM2-7 helicase by association with Cdc45 and GINS proteins. Molecular cell 452 20122406
2009 A double-hexameric MCM2-7 complex is loaded onto origin DNA during licensing of eukaryotic DNA replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 438 19910535
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2009 Purification of proteins associated with specific genomic Loci. Cell 436 19135898
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2011 Defining human ERAD networks through an integrative mapping strategy. Nature cell biology 427 22119785
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2004 Self-assembling protein microarrays. Science (New York, N.Y.) 409 15232106
2011 The structural basis for MCM2-7 helicase activation by GINS and Cdc45. Nature structural & molecular biology 269 21378962
1997 Mcm2 is a target of regulation by Cdc7-Dbf4 during the initiation of DNA synthesis. Genes & development 259 9407029
2018 MCM2 promotes symmetric inheritance of modified histones during DNA replication. Science (New York, N.Y.) 228 30115746
1995 BM28, a human member of the MCM2-3-5 family, is displaced from chromatin during DNA replication. The Journal of cell biology 223 7790346
2002 Interdependent nuclear accumulation of budding yeast Cdt1 and Mcm2-7 during G1 phase. Nature cell biology 219 11836525
2004 ATP hydrolysis by ORC catalyzes reiterative Mcm2-7 assembly at a defined origin of replication. Molecular cell 196 15610739
2015 A unique binding mode enables MCM2 to chaperone histones H3-H4 at replication forks. Nature structural & molecular biology 194 26167883
1991 Mcm2 and Mcm3, two proteins important for ARS activity, are related in structure and function. Genes & development 184 2044961
1995 Gene trap tagging of PROLIFERA, an essential MCM2-3-5-like gene in Arabidopsis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 181 7754372
2006 Identification of Mcm2 phosphorylation sites by S-phase-regulating kinases. The Journal of biological chemistry 175 16446360
2001 Replication factors MCM2 and ORC1 interact with the histone acetyltransferase HBO1. The Journal of biological chemistry 162 11278932
2009 Assembly of the Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS complex in human cells requires the Ctf4/And-1, RecQL4, and Mcm10 proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 159 19805216
2002 Xenopus Mcm10 binds to origins of DNA replication after Mcm2-7 and stimulates origin binding of Cdc45. Molecular cell 158 11864598
2017 Structural basis of Mcm2-7 replicative helicase loading by ORC-Cdc6 and Cdt1. Nature structural & molecular biology 139 28191893
2010 Mec1 is one of multiple kinases that prime the Mcm2-7 helicase for phosphorylation by Cdc7. Molecular cell 137 21070963
2005 Pumps, paradoxes and ploughshares: mechanism of the MCM2-7 DNA helicase. Trends in biochemical sciences 127 16002295
2001 Is the MCM2-7 complex the eukaryotic DNA replication fork helicase? Current opinion in genetics & development 127 11163153
2001 MCM2 is an independent predictor of survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 119 11709570
2009 MCM10 mediates RECQ4 association with MCM2-7 helicase complex during DNA replication. The EMBO journal 118 19696745
2007 Orc6 is required for dynamic recruitment of Cdt1 during repeated Mcm2-7 loading. Genes & development 115 18006685
2013 An ORC/Cdc6/MCM2-7 complex is formed in a multistep reaction to serve as a platform for MCM double-hexamer assembly. Molecular cell 111 23603117
2006 Essential role of phosphorylation of MCM2 by Cdc7/Dbf4 in the initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells. Molecular biology of the cell 110 16899510
2009 Incorporation into the prereplicative complex activates the Mcm2-7 helicase for Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylation. Genes & development 107 19270162
2014 A unique DNA entry gate serves for regulated loading of the eukaryotic replicative helicase MCM2-7 onto DNA. Genes & development 104 25085418
2015 Post-licensing Specification of Eukaryotic Replication Origins by Facilitated Mcm2-7 Sliding along DNA. Molecular cell 98 26656162
2017 Open-ringed structure of the Cdt1-Mcm2-7 complex as a precursor of the MCM double hexamer. Nature structural & molecular biology 94 28191894
2014 Multiple functions for Mcm2-7 ATPase motifs during replication initiation. Molecular cell 90 25087876
2017 Cryo-EM structure of Mcm2-7 double hexamer on DNA suggests a lagging-strand DNA extrusion model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88 29078375
2014 Structural and mechanistic insights into Mcm2-7 double-hexamer assembly and function. Genes & development 86 25319829
2008 Clinical significance of MCM-2 and MCM-5 expression in colon cancer: association with clinicopathological parameters and tumor proliferative capacity. Digestive diseases and sciences 84 18465232
2010 DNA damage response and tumorigenesis in Mcm2-deficient mice. Oncogene 82 20440269
2000 An MCM2-related gene is expressed in proliferating cells of intact and regenerating planarians. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 78 10906779
1998 HsMCM2/BM28: a novel proliferation marker for human tumors and normal tissues. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 77 9461123
1993 Fission yeast genes nda1+ and nda4+, mutations of which lead to S-phase block, chromatin alteration and Ca2+ suppression, are members of the CDC46/MCM2 family. Molecular biology of the cell 76 8298187
2018 Regulation of MCM2-7 function. Genes & genetic systems 75 30369561
2017 Mechanism and timing of Mcm2-7 ring closure during DNA replication origin licensing. Nature structural & molecular biology 69 28191892
1994 The fission yeast cdc19+ gene encodes a member of the MCM family of replication proteins. Journal of cell science 69 7876346
2015 Dynamic loading and redistribution of the Mcm2-7 helicase complex through the cell cycle. The EMBO journal 67 25555795
2017 MCM2: An alternative to Ki-67 for measuring breast cancer cell proliferation. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 61 28084344
2009 Phosphorylation of Mcm2 by Cdc7 promotes pre-replication complex assembly during cell-cycle re-entry. Molecular cell 61 19647517
2008 Expression of Mcm-2, Ki-67 and geminin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 58 18248354
2018 Role of MCM2-7 protein phosphorylation in human cancer cells. Cell & bioscience 57 30062004
2009 Dbf4-Cdc7 phosphorylation of Mcm2 is required for cell growth. The Journal of biological chemistry 55 19692334
2010 Clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of p53, Ki-67, Mcm-2 and Mcm-5 in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 53 20412398
2010 MCM-BP regulates unloading of the MCM2-7 helicase in late S phase. Genes & development 53 21196493
2015 PTEN Controls the DNA Replication Process through MCM2 in Response to Replicative Stress. Cell reports 49 26549452
2001 Biochemical activities associated with mouse Mcm2 protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 11568184
2022 MCM2 in human cancer: functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 47 36303105
2015 MCM2 is a therapeutic target of lovastatin in human non-small cell lung carcinomas. Oncology reports 46 25738322
2013 Ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase. Bioscience reports 46 24001138
2005 Identification of full genes and proteins of MCM9, a novel, vertebrate-specific member of the MCM2-8 protein family. Gene 46 16226853
2008 Phosphorylation of MCM3 on Ser-112 regulates its incorporation into the MCM2-7 complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 44 18524952
2013 Interaction between human Ctf4 and the Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) replicative helicase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 24255107
2010 MCM-2 and MCM-5 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma: clinical significance and comparison with Ki-67 proliferative marker. Digestive diseases and sciences 43 20694513
2012 Post-transcriptional homeostasis and regulation of MCM2-7 in mammalian cells. Nucleic acids research 42 22362746
2005 The ATPase activity of MCM2-7 is dispensable for pre-RC assembly but is required for DNA unwinding. The EMBO journal 41 16369567
2012 The eukaryotic Mcm2-7 replicative helicase. Sub-cellular biochemistry 39 22918583
2014 Switch on the engine: how the eukaryotic replicative helicase MCM2-7 becomes activated. Chromosoma 38 25308420
2022 MCM2 promotes the stemness and sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via hippo signaling. Cell death discovery 37 36243809
2011 Structural insights into the Cdt1-mediated MCM2-7 chromatin loading. Nucleic acids research 37 22140117
2019 Inhibition of MCM2 enhances the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell to carboplatin. Molecular medicine reports 35 31322224
2020 NF-κB maintains the stemness of colon cancer cells by downregulating miR-195-5p/497-5p and upregulating MCM2. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 34 33109220
2019 A conserved Mcm4 motif is required for Mcm2-7 double-hexamer formation and origin DNA unwinding. eLife 33 31385807
2016 Chronic DNA Replication Stress Reduces Replicative Lifespan of Cells by TRP53-Dependent, microRNA-Assisted MCM2-7 Downregulation. PLoS genetics 33 26765334
2012 Foxn1 maintains thymic epithelial cells to support T-cell development via mcm2 in zebrafish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 33 23213226
2022 The structural basis of Cdc7-Dbf4 kinase dependent targeting and phosphorylation of the MCM2-7 double hexamer. Nature communications 31 35614055
2007 Nascent transcription of MCM2-7 is important for nuclear localization of the minichromosome maintenance complex in G1. Molecular biology of the cell 31 17314407
2006 Cell proliferation marker MCM2, but not Ki67, is helpful for distinguishing between minimally invasive follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma of the thyroid. Histopathology 30 16722928
2022 Mcm2 promotes stem cell differentiation via its ability to bind H3-H4. eLife 29 36354740
2021 DDK regulates replication initiation by controlling the multiplicity of Cdc45-GINS binding to Mcm2-7. eLife 29 33616038
2013 The ORC/Cdc6/MCM2-7 complex facilitates MCM2-7 dimerization during prereplicative complex formation. Nucleic acids research 29 24234446
2015 Whole Exome Sequencing Identified MCM2 as a Novel Causative Gene for Autosomal Dominant Nonsyndromic Deafness in a Chinese Family. PloS one 28 26196677
2011 CDC19 encoding pyruvate kinase is important for high-temperature tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. New biotechnology 27 21459167
2008 Minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) immunoreactivity in stage III human gastric carcinoma: clinicopathological significance. Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association 27 18373176
2014 Correlation of MCM2 detection with stage and virology of cervical cancer. The International journal of biological markers 26 24706378
2022 MCMBP promotes the assembly of the MCM2-7 hetero-hexamer to ensure robust DNA replication in human cells. eLife 25 35438632
2019 Sir2 suppresses transcription-mediated displacement of Mcm2-7 replicative helicases at the ribosomal DNA repeats. PLoS genetics 25 31083663
2013 Inhibition of DNA binding of MCM2-7 complex by phosphorylation with cyclin-dependent kinases. Journal of biochemistry 25 23864661
2008 Minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) is a stronger discriminator of increased proliferation in mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer than Ki-67. Journal of clinical pathology 25 18474544
2015 Minichromosome maintenance-2 (MCM2) expression differentiates oral squamous cell carcinoma from pre-cancerous lesions. The Malaysian journal of pathology 24 26712671
2014 The role of the MCM2-7 helicase complex during Arabidopsis seed development. Plant molecular biology 24 24947836
2011 GINS and Sld3 compete with one another for Mcm2-7 and Cdc45 binding. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 21362622
2019 Targeting CDC7 sensitizes resistance melanoma cells to BRAFV600E-specific inhibitor by blocking the CDC7/MCM2-7 pathway. Scientific reports 23 31578454
2018 A hydrophobic low-complexity region regulates aggregation of the yeast pyruvate kinase Cdc19 into amyloid-like aggregates in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 29853641
2011 Maspin and MCM2 immunoprofiling in salivary gland carcinomas. Diagnostic pathology 22 21943228
2010 Interaction of human MCM2-7 proteins with TIM, TIPIN and Rb. Journal of biochemistry 22 20299328
2021 Chromosomal Mcm2-7 distribution and the genome replication program in species from yeast to humans. PLoS genetics 21 34473702
2019 Resting cells rely on the DNA helicase component MCM2 to build cilia. Nucleic acids research 21 30329080
2018 Proteomic Analysis and NIR-II Imaging of MCM2 Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of proteome research 21 29750532
1994 The human gene for nuclear protein BM28 (CDCL1), a new member of the early S-phase family of proteins, maps to chromosome band 3q21. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 21 8258304
2018 O-GlcNAc transferase associates with the MCM2-7 complex and its silencing destabilizes MCM-MCM interactions. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 20 30069701
2023 The N-terminus of Spt16 anchors FACT to MCM2-7 for parental histone recycling. Nucleic acids research 19 37850662
2014 Helicase loading: how to build a MCM2-7 double-hexamer. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 19 24637008
2023 The assembly of the MCM2-7 hetero-hexamer and its significance in DNA replication. Biochemical Society transactions 18 37145026