Affinage

MAL2

Protein MAL2 · UniProt Q969L2

Length
176 aa
Mass
19.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
45 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MAL2 is a four-transmembrane raft-associated proteolipid that functions as an essential component of the indirect (transcytotic) apical trafficking pathway in polarized epithelial cells, mediating cargo sorting and vesicular transport between basolateral endosomes and the subapical compartment. MAL2 resides in lipid rafts and a Rab11a-positive subapical/recycling endosome compartment, where it concentrates transcytotic cargo (pIgA-R, GPI-anchored CD59) into dynamic vesicular carriers whose movement requires the formin INF2 and Cdc42-dependent actin polymerization (PMID:12370246, PMID:16445687, PMID:20493814, PMID:14576188). Beyond transcytosis, MAL2 partners with STK16 at the TGN to direct constitutive secretory sorting (PMID:25084525), and in cancer contexts it promotes MHC-I endocytosis and degradation—suppressing tumor antigen presentation and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity—while also stabilizing receptor tyrosine kinases (HER2, EGFR) within lipid raft domains to enhance downstream signaling (PMID:32990678, PMID:34965434, PMID:38866777). MAL2 additionally remodels the actin cytoskeleton through a putative EVH1 recognition motif that redistributes invadopodia components to membrane protrusions, an activity separable from its GTP-dependent interaction with Rab17 (PMID:32059473, PMID:39813085).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2001 Medium

    Identification of MAL2 as a novel four-transmembrane proteolipid and TPD52-family binding partner established the gene's existence and first physical interaction.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid screen with GST pull-down confirmation

    PMID:11549320

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of TPD52-MAL2 interaction unknown
    • No cellular phenotype tested
  2. 2002 High

    Demonstrating that MAL2 depletion blocks transcytosis of pIgA-R and GPI-anchored CD59 without affecting internalization established MAL2 as an essential, non-redundant component of the indirect apical trafficking route in polarized epithelial cells.

    Evidence Antisense depletion with rescue by depletion-resistant MAL2 in HepG2 cells, raft isolation, confocal imaging

    PMID:12370246

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which MAL2 selects cargo unknown
    • Whether MAL2 acts identically in non-hepatic epithelia untested
  3. 2003 Medium

    Localization of MAL2 to Rab11a-positive subapical endosomes in primary thyroid epithelial cells generalized the transcytotic role beyond hepatoma lines and placed MAL2 in the recycling endosome compartment.

    Evidence Raft fractionation and confocal colocalization in primary thyrocyte cultures

    PMID:14576188

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional assay in thyrocytes
    • Cargo specificity in thyroid cells not identified
  4. 2006 High

    Live imaging resolved the step-wise mechanism of MAL2-mediated transcytosis—cargo concentration, transferrin receptor segregation, vesicle coalescence, and apical delivery—revealing MAL2 as a dynamic sorting platform rather than a static raft component.

    Evidence Live-cell GFP-MAL2 imaging with siRNA knockdown in HepG2 cells

    PMID:16445687

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of cargo–MAL2 interaction unresolved
    • Motor proteins driving MAL2 vesicle movement unidentified
  5. 2009 Medium

    Identification of MUC1 as a MAL2 binding partner requiring the first transmembrane domain, distinct from the N-terminal TPD52-binding region, established that MAL2 uses separate domains for different protein interactions.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid screen of breast carcinoma library, Co-IP, deletion mapping

    PMID:19175940

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of MAL2-MUC1 interaction on trafficking not tested
    • Single study, no independent replication
  6. 2009 Medium

    MAL2 accumulation in a Rab11a-positive peri-centrosomal compartment in differentiating oligodendrocytes suggested a conserved transcytotic mechanism applicable to myelin protein sorting.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence with nocodazole perturbation in Oli-neu and HOG oligodendrocyte lines

    PMID:19683524

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct demonstration that MAL2 is required for myelin protein delivery
    • No in vivo oligodendrocyte data
  7. 2010 High

    Discovery that INF2 and Cdc42 form a sequential epistatic pathway (Cdc42→INF2→MAL2) controlling MAL2 vesicle actin association, transcytosis, and lumen morphogenesis revealed the actin-dependent mechanism driving MAL2 carrier dynamics.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, yeast two-hybrid, live imaging, siRNA epistasis in MDCK cyst formation

    PMID:20493814

    Open questions at the time
    • How INF2 actin polymerization physically propels MAL2 vesicles unclear
    • Whether other formins compensate not tested
  8. 2010 High

    MAL2 was shown to regulate Golgi-to-surface delivery of pIgA-R selectively (not DPPIV) in hepatic cells, extending its sorting role beyond post-endocytic transcytosis to biosynthetic trafficking from the TGN.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown with surface delivery assays in WIF-B and Clone 9 cells

    PMID:20053882 PMID:20444237

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular determinant on cargo that MAL2 recognizes for TGN sorting unknown
    • MAL2 synaptic vesicle function (identified same year) remains unexplored
  9. 2011 Medium

    Demonstration that MAL2 co-immunoprecipitates with PLP in oligodendrocyte-derived cells and colocalizes in vesicular/tubulovesicular structures by immunoEM supported the model that MAL2 mediates transcytotic delivery of myelin proteins.

    Evidence Co-IP and immunoelectron microscopy in HOG cells

    PMID:21573057

    Open questions at the time
    • No loss-of-function test for PLP delivery
    • No in vivo myelination phenotype
  10. 2014 Medium

    Identification of STK16 as a MAL2 partner at the TGN, where both are required for constitutive albumin secretion (with MAL2 loss diverting cargo to lysosomes), linked MAL2 to a kinase-dependent secretory sorting step.

    Evidence Split-ubiquitin Y2H, Co-IP, temperature-block and lysosome deacidification assays, MAL2 knockdown in WIF-B cells

    PMID:25084525

    Open questions at the time
    • STK16 substrates in this pathway unidentified
    • Whether MAL2 is a STK16 substrate not tested
  11. 2020 Medium

    MAL2 overexpression remodels the actin cytoskeleton, promoting membrane protrusions while suppressing invadopodia via a putative EVH1 recognition motif, providing the first mechanistic link between MAL2 and actin-based cell morphology independent of transcytosis.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown with EVH1 motif mutagenesis, invasion/migration assays in hepatoma cells

    PMID:32059473

    Open questions at the time
    • EVH1-domain partner(s) not identified
    • Whether EVH1 motif is sufficient in other cell types unknown
  12. 2021 High

    MAL2 was shown to drive MHC-I endocytosis and degradation by directly interacting with MHC-I and endosomal RAB proteins, suppressing tumor antigen presentation; MAL2 depletion enhanced CD8+ T cell killing and reduced tumor growth in vivo, establishing MAL2 as a cancer immune evasion factor.

    Evidence Co-IP of MAL2 with MHC-I and RABs, MAL2 knockdown, endocytosis assays, syngeneic tumor models with TIL analysis

    PMID:32990678

    Open questions at the time
    • Which specific RAB protein(s) are required for MHC-I degradation pathway unclear
    • Whether MAL2 directly ubiquitinates or recruits ubiquitin ligases for MHC-I not determined
  13. 2021 Medium

    MAL2 was found to form stable HER2-containing signaling complexes within lipid raft protrusions, retaining HER2 at the plasma membrane and enhancing signaling—with increased MAL2-HER2 interaction in trastuzumab-resistant cells—revealing a receptor stabilization function.

    Evidence Proximity ligation assay, super-resolution microscopy, raft isolation, calcium imaging in breast cancer lines

    PMID:34965434

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MAL2 directly binds HER2 or acts through a bridging protein unclear
    • Mechanism linking MAL2-HER2 to trastuzumab resistance not fully delineated
  14. 2024 Medium

    MAL2 was shown to directly interact with EGFR, stabilizing its membrane localization and activating PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 signaling for lipid accumulation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, broadening the receptor-stabilization role to EGFR.

    Evidence Co-IP, molecular docking, transcriptomics/metabolomics, ICC organoid cisplatin sensitization upon MAL2 knockdown

    PMID:38866777

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MAL2 stabilizes EGFR via the same raft mechanism as HER2 not directly compared
    • Structural basis of MAL2-EGFR interaction unknown
  15. 2025 Medium

    Dissection of MAL2 and Rab17 cooperation showed that both independently drive cholesterol/actin-dependent protrusions, that MAL2 redistributes invadopodia components to protrusion tips via the EVH1 motif, and that MAL2-Rab17 interaction is GTP-dependent but EVH1-independent, separating these two activities of MAL2.

    Evidence Co-IP, EVH1 and GTP-binding mutagenesis, matrix degradation and Golgi-to-protrusion trafficking assays in Clone 9 cells

    PMID:39813085

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Rab17-MAL2 interaction occurs in non-hepatoma cells untested
    • How MAL2 redirects Golgi-derived vesicles to protrusions mechanistically undefined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of MAL2's cargo recognition, the identity of EVH1-domain partner proteins mediating actin remodeling, the in vivo physiological consequence of MAL2 loss in whole-organism models, and whether MAL2's receptor-stabilization and MHC-I degradation functions share a common vesicular sorting mechanism.
  • No MAL2 knockout mouse phenotype reported
  • No crystal/cryo-EM structure of MAL2
  • Cargo recognition motif/determinant undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 3
Localization
GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 5 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005768 endosome 3 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 4 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
EGFRHER2INF2IQGAP1MUC1RAB17STK16TPD52L2

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 MAL2 is an essential component of the transcytotic machinery in polarized hepatoma HepG2 cells; it resides in rafts and a subapical compartment, and depletion of endogenous MAL2 drastically blocks transcytotic transport of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and GPI-anchored protein CD59 to the apical membrane, causing their accumulation in perinuclear endosomes, without affecting internalization. Antisense-mediated depletion of endogenous MAL2, rescue with depletion-resistant exogenous MAL2, subcellular fractionation, confocal immunofluorescence, biochemical raft isolation The Journal of cell biology High 12370246
2001 MAL2 was identified as a binding partner of TPD52-like proteins (TPD52L2 and related) via yeast two-hybrid screening, confirmed by GST pull-down assay showing specific binding of in vitro-translated MAL2 to GST-Tpd52; MAL2 is a four-transmembrane proteolipid of 19 kDa. Yeast two-hybrid screen, GST pull-down assay with in vitro translated MAL2 Genomics Medium 11549320
2006 MAL2 is a highly dynamic protein that mediates GPI-anchored protein (CD59) transcytosis by redistributing into peripheral vesicular clusters that concentrate CD59 and transferrin receptor after basolateral endocytosis, then segregating transferrin receptor, fusing into a globular MAL2+ structure, and moving apically for cargo delivery; all steps are impaired upon MAL2 depletion. Live-cell imaging of GFP-MAL2 and transcytosing CD59, subcellular fractionation, MAL2 siRNA knockdown Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) High 16445687
2010 INF2, an atypical formin with actin polymerization and depolymerization activities, is a direct binding partner of MAL2; MAL2-positive vesicular carriers associate with short actin filaments during transcytosis in an INF2-dependent process; Cdc42 binds INF2 in a GTP-loaded-dependent manner and, together with INF2, regulates MAL2 vesicle dynamics, apical transcytosis, and lumen formation in a sequential epistatic pathway: Cdc42 → INF2 → MAL2. Co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid, live imaging of MAL2 vesicle dynamics, siRNA knockdown of INF2/Cdc42, organotypic MDCK lumen formation assay Developmental cell High 20493814
2010 MAL2 is a bona fide membrane constituent of synaptic vesicles preferentially associated with VGLUT-1-containing (glutamatergic) nerve terminals, as established by quantitative proteomics, subcellular fractionation, and immunolocalization at light and electron microscopic level. Quantitative proteomics of isolated synaptic vesicle populations, subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy The Journal of neuroscience High 20053882
2010 MAL2 selectively regulates polymeric IgA receptor (pIgA-R) delivery from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in hepatic WIF-B cells; overexpression of MAL2 in Clone 9 cells (lacking endogenous MAL2) enabled pIgA-R surface delivery (>9-fold enhancement) while MAL2 knockdown retained pIgA-R in the Golgi; this selectivity was not shared by other membrane proteins such as DPPIV. MAL2 knockdown/overexpression in WIF-B and Clone 9 cells, cycloheximide chase, immunofluorescence, surface delivery assay Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) High 20444237
2011 MAL, but not MAL2, self-associates and forms higher-order cholesterol-dependent complexes with apical proteins, promoting formation of detergent-resistant membranes that recruit apical proteins; MAL2 lacks these raft-coalescence properties, consistent with distinct roles for MAL (direct route) and MAL2 (transcytotic/indirect route) in apical sorting. Biochemical raft isolation (detergent-resistant membrane fractionation), co-immunoprecipitation, sucrose gradient centrifugation, cholesterol depletion The Biochemical journal Medium 21732912
2009 MUC1 (mucin 1) is a novel binding partner of MAL2 in breast carcinoma cells; interaction requires the first MAL2 transmembrane domain (whereas the N-terminal domain binds D52-like proteins); MAL2 expression in MCF-10A cells increased MUC1 detection in both Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions and at the cell surface. Yeast two-hybrid screen of breast carcinoma cDNA library, co-immunoprecipitation, deletion mapping, confocal microscopy, sucrose density gradient centrifugation BMC cell biology Medium 19175940
2014 MAL2 interacts with STK16 (serine/threonine kinase 16), a constitutively active Golgi-associated kinase; MAL2 knockdown or expression of kinase-dead STK16 (E202A) impairs constitutive secretion of soluble cargo (albumin, haptoglobin) by diverting albumin to lysosomal degradation rather than blocking its synthesis or processing, indicating MAL2 and STK16 sort secretory cargo at the TGN. Split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, morphological colocalization, temperature-block and lysosome deacidification experiments, MAL2 knockdown The Biochemical journal Medium 25084525
2021 MAL2 promotes endocytosis and degradation of antigen-loaded MHC-I complexes in breast cancer cells, thereby suppressing tumor antigen presentation; MAL2 directly interacts with MHC-I and endosome-associated RAB proteins; depletion of MAL2 enhances CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells and suppresses breast tumor growth in preclinical models. Co-immunoprecipitation (MAL2 with MHC-I and RAB proteins), MAL2 knockdown, endocytosis assays, in vivo tumor models with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell analysis The Journal of clinical investigation High 32990678
2021 MAL2 mediates formation of stable HER2 signaling complexes within lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions in breast cancer cells; MAL2-HER2 physical interaction in lipid rafts (shown by proximity ligation assay) promotes HER2 plasma membrane retention and enhanced HER2 signaling; HER2 co-localizes with Ezrin/NHERF1/PMCA2 in a complex that maintains low intracellular calcium near the plasma membrane; MAL2-HER2 interactions are enhanced in trastuzumab-resistant cells. Proximity ligation assay, super-resolution structured illumination microscopy, lipid raft isolation, calcium imaging, trastuzumab-resistant cell lines Cell reports Medium 34965434
2020 MAL2 overexpression in hepatoma-derived cells promotes actin-based protrusion formation with reciprocal decrease in invadopodia, and decreases cell migration, invasion, and proliferation; a putative EVH1 recognition motif in MAL2 is required for these anti-oncogenic phenotypes, implicating MAL2 in actin remodeling via this motif. MAL2 overexpression in Clone 9 cells, MAL2 knockdown in Hep3B cells, mutational analysis of EVH1 motif, invasion/migration/proliferation assays, immunohistochemistry Cancers Medium 32059473
2021 MAL2 interacts with IQGAP1 to increase ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels, thereby promoting pancreatic cancer cell progression. Co-immunoprecipitation (MAL2-IQGAP1 interaction), western blot for ERK1/2 phosphorylation, MAL2 overexpression Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 33780861
2009 In oligodendrocytic cell lines (Oli-neu, HOG), MAL2 accumulates after differentiation in a peri-centrosomal compartment that shares features of the apical recycling endosome/subapical compartment, including colocalization with Rab11a, sensitivity to nocodazole (microtubule disruption), and exclusion of transferrin, suggesting a role in sorting proteins/lipids for myelin assembly. Immunofluorescence, nocodazole treatment, transferrin internalization assay, subcellular fractionation in Oli-neu and HOG cells Experimental cell research Medium 19683524
2011 PLP (proteolipid protein), the major myelin protein, co-localizes with GFP-MAL2 after internalization from the plasma membrane in HOG oligodendrocytic cells and co-immunoprecipitates with GFP-MAL2; ultrastructural studies show colocalization in vesicles and tubulovesicular structures, supporting a transcytotic model of PLP transport involving MAL2. Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy in HOG cells PloS one Medium 21573057
2024 MAL2 directly interacts with EGFR (confirmed by molecular docking and Co-IP), stabilizing EGFR membrane localization and activating the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 axis to promote lipid accumulation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; MAL2 inhibition reduces EGFR membrane stability and sensitizes ICC organoids to cisplatin. Co-immunoprecipitation, molecular docking, scRNA-seq, transcriptomics, metabolomics, ICC organoid model, MAL2 knockdown Cell death & disease Medium 38866777
2025 MAL2 and rab17 independently promote formation of actin- and cholesterol-dependent membrane protrusions in hepatoma cells; MAL2 selectively redistributes invadopodia proteins to protrusion tips (requiring the EVH1 recognition motif), decreasing matrix degradation; MAL2-rab17 interaction is GTP-dependent but EVH1-motif-independent; both MAL2 and rab17 redirect newly synthesized membrane protein trafficking from the Golgi to induced protrusions. MAL2 and rab17 expression in Clone 9 cells, mutational analysis (EVH1 motif, GTP-binding), co-immunoprecipitation, matrix degradation assay, Golgi-to-protrusion trafficking assay Molecular biology of the cell Medium 39813085
2024 RAD21 transcriptionally activates MAL2 expression in endometrial cancer cells; MAL2 promotes immune evasion by suppressing MHC-I antigen presentation, reducing CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity; knockdown of MAL2 or RAD21 inhibits malignant behavior and restores MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation. MAL2 and RAD21 siRNA knockdown, MHC-I surface expression assay, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity assay, in vivo tumor growth, western blot Cytotechnology Low 38933871
2003 In human thyroid epithelial cells, MAL2 exclusively resides in raft membranes (biochemical fractionation) and predominantly localizes in a subapical endosome compartment positive for Rab11a (confocal immunofluorescence), consistent with its role as a machinery component for the transcytotic route to the apical surface. Raft membrane biochemical fractionation, confocal immunofluorescence with Rab11a colocalization in primary thyrocyte cultures Endocrinology Medium 14576188
2023 MAL2 interacts with β-catenin in breast cancer cells (confirmed by Co-IP and immunofluorescence colocalization); MAL2 silencing reduces β-catenin and c-Myc expression, while β-catenin agonist (SKL2001) partially rescues c-Myc downregulation and EMT inhibition caused by MAL2 knockdown, placing MAL2 upstream of the β-catenin/c-Myc axis. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization, β-catenin inhibitor/agonist treatment, western blot, in vivo metastasis model Cancer cell international Medium 37480012

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 45 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2010 Quantitative comparison of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic vesicles unveils selectivity for few proteins including MAL2, a novel synaptic vesicle protein. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 150 20053882
2002 MAL2, a novel raft protein of the MAL family, is an essential component of the machinery for transcytosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells. The Journal of cell biology 112 12370246
2021 MAL2 drives immune evasion in breast cancer by suppressing tumor antigen presentation. The Journal of clinical investigation 96 32990678
2010 The formin INF2 regulates basolateral-to-apical transcytosis and lumen formation in association with Cdc42 and MAL2. Developmental cell 82 20493814
2001 Identification of MAL2, a novel member of the mal proteolipid family, though interactions with TPD52-like proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system. Genomics 80 11549320
2010 MAL2 and tumor protein D52 (TPD52) are frequently overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma, but differentially associated with histological subtype and patient outcome. BMC cancer 56 20846453
2004 Expression of MAL and MAL2, two elements of the protein machinery for raft-mediated transport, in normal and neoplastic human tissue. Histology and histopathology 40 15168355
2018 MAL2 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 38 30195491
2014 Establishment of novel in vitro mouse chief cell and SPEM cultures identifies MAL2 as a marker of metaplasia in the stomach. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 34 25190476
2013 MAL2 expression predicts distant metastasis and short survival in pancreatic cancer. Surgery 33 23876361
2011 MAL, but not MAL2, expression promotes the formation of cholesterol-dependent membrane domains that recruit apical proteins. The Biochemical journal 26 21732912
2006 Dynamics of MAL2 during glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein transcytotic transport to the apical surface of hepatoma HepG2 cells. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 25 16445687
2004 Expression of MAL2, an integral protein component of the machinery for basolateral-to-apical transcytosis, in human epithelia. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 25 14729876
2021 MAL2 mediates the formation of stable HER2 signaling complexes within lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions in breast cancer cells. Cell reports 23 34965434
2014 Serine/threonine kinase 16 and MAL2 regulate constitutive secretion of soluble cargo in hepatic cells. The Biochemical journal 23 25084525
2018 MiR-129 regulates growth and invasion by targeting MAL2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 22 30021343
2010 MAL2 selectively regulates polymeric IgA receptor delivery from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in WIF-B cells. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 22 20444237
2009 Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a novel partner for MAL2 in breast carcinoma cells. BMC cell biology 22 19175940
1996 Fission yeast mal2+ is required for chromosome segregation. Molecular and cellular biology 22 8887647
2021 MAL2 interacts with IQGAP1 to promote pancreatic cancer progression by increasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 33780861
2011 Mis17 is a regulatory module of the Mis6-Mal2-Sim4 centromere complex that is required for the recruitment of CenH3/CENP-A in fission yeast. PloS one 21 21445296
2003 Expression and distribution of MAL2, an essential element of the machinery for basolateral-to-apical transcytosis, in human thyroid epithelial cells. Endocrinology 21 14576188
2024 MAL2 reprograms lipid metabolism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via EGFR/SREBP-1 pathway based on single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell death & disease 19 38866777
2023 LINC00460 Facilitates Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Through the miR-320a/MAL2 Axis. Technology in cancer research & treatment 19 36938678
2020 MAL2-Induced Actin-Based Protrusion Formation is Anti-Oncogenic in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers 18 32059473
2021 Immune MAL2-practice: breast cancer immunoevasion via MHC class I degradation. The Journal of clinical investigation 17 33393509
2019 RP11-284F21.9 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma development via the miR-383-5p/MAL2 axis. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 16 31397491
2006 Fta2, an essential fission yeast kinetochore component, interacts closely with the conserved Mal2 protein. Molecular biology of the cell 16 16855021
2009 Characterization of the MAL2-positive compartment in oligodendrocytes. Experimental cell research 15 19683524
2021 LncRNA ST8SIA6-AS1 Promotes Cholangiocarcinoma Progression by Suppressing the miR-145-5p/MAL2 Axis. OncoTargets and therapy 12 34040387
2022 The novel circ_0084904/miR-802/MAL2 axis promotes the development of cervical cancer. Reproductive biology 11 35033901
2011 Interaction of PLP with GFP-MAL2 in the human oligodendroglial cell line HOG. PloS one 10 21573057
2023 Downregulation of MAL2 inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating β-catenin/c-Myc axis. Cancer cell international 9 37480012
2022 Multi-Omics Analysis of the Therapeutic Value of MAL2 Based on Data Mining in Human Cancers. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 8 35111745
2022 Association Mining Identifies MAL2 as a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Colorectal Cancer. OncoTargets and therapy 6 35847380
2020 WITHDRAWN: MiR-216b-5p attenuates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in female rats by targeting MAL2 and inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neurochemistry international 4 33259862
2023 Sorafenib Resistance Contributed by IL7 and MAL2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Can Be Overcome by Autophagy-Inducing Stapled Peptides. Cancers 3 37958451
2024 High MAL2 expression predicts shorter survival in women with triple-negative breast cancer. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 2 38769215
2024 ATF1 regulates MAL2 expression through inhibition of miR-630 to mediate the EMT process that promotes cervical cancer cell development and metastasis. Journal of gynecologic oncology 2 38991944
2024 Extracellular putrescine can augment the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells by promoting MAL2 expression by elevating H3K27ac in its promoter region. American journal of cancer research 2 39005660
2025 MAL2 and rab17 selectively redistribute invadopodia proteins to laterally-induced protrusions in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Molecular biology of the cell 1 39813085
2024 Activation of MAL2 by RAD21 inhibits the expression of MHC-I in immune evasion of endometrial cancer. Cytotechnology 1 38933871
2026 Astragalus Polysaccharide Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression by Regulating METTL3-Mediated MAL2 m6A Modification. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 0 41605797
2025 E2F1-induced transcriptional activation of MAL2 inhibits sunitinib sensitivity and promotes the malignant progression of bladder cancer. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) 0 41013917
2024 Understanding Interactions between a Potential Antimalarial 'MAL2-11B' and its Targets using In Silico Methods. Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets 0 39185651