Affinage

MAL2

Protein MAL2 · UniProt Q969L2

Length
176 aa
Mass
19.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
46 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MAL2 is a four-transmembrane, raft-associated proteolipid that serves as an essential component of the basolateral-to-apical transcytotic trafficking machinery in polarized epithelial cells (PMID:12370246). It resides selectively in lipid rafts and in a subapical endosome compartment, and is required for delivery of cargoes such as the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and GPI-anchored CD59 to the apical surface; its depletion traps these cargoes in perinuclear endosomes, and depletion-resistant MAL2 restores transport (PMID:12370246). Mechanistically, MAL2 is a highly dynamic carrier that shuttles between peripheral vesicular clusters and the apical surface, segregating cargo from transferrin receptor before apical delivery (PMID:16445687), and its vesicular carriers associate with short actin filaments through a pathway in which Cdc42 activates the formin INF2, which in turn regulates MAL2 dynamics and lumen formation (PMID:20493814). Beyond transcytosis, MAL2 acts in cargo-selective biosynthetic and secretory trafficking: it is required for Golgi-to-surface delivery of the pIgA receptor in hepatic cells (PMID:20444237) and partners with the Golgi kinase STK16 to sort soluble secretory cargo (albumin, haptoglobin) into the constitutive secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network, with loss of function diverting cargo to lysosomal degradation (PMID:25084525). MAL2 binds TPD52-like proteins through its N-terminal domain (PMID:11549320, PMID:19175940) and shapes actin-based membrane protrusions via a putative EVH1 recognition motif, cooperating with rab17 to redistribute trafficking and reduce matrix-degrading invadopodia (PMID:32059473, PMID:39813085). In cancer, MAL2 drives immune evasion by directly binding the MHC-I complex and endosomal RAB proteins to promote MHC-I endocytosis and reduce antigen presentation, limiting CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity (PMID:32990678); this trafficking activity is exploited across tumor types where MAL2 also engages and stabilizes membrane receptors including HER2 in lipid rafts (PMID:34965434) and EGFR (PMID:38866777). MAL2 expression is transcriptionally driven by RAD21 in endometrial cancer (PMID:38933871) and E2F1 in bladder cancer (PMID:41013917).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2001 Medium

    Established MAL2 as a distinct four-transmembrane MAL-family proteolipid and identified its first molecular partner, framing it as a membrane protein with defined protein interactions.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid screen plus GST pull-down with in vitro translated MAL2 binding TPD52-like proteins

    PMID:11549320

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the TPD52 interaction not defined
    • No cellular trafficking role demonstrated yet
  2. 2002 High

    Defined the core function of MAL2 as an essential, raft-localized component of the apical transcytosis machinery, answering what cellular process the protein serves.

    Evidence siRNA depletion with reciprocal rescue, raft fractionation, and cargo trafficking assays in polarized HepG2 cells

    PMID:12370246

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular machinery downstream of MAL2 not identified
    • Mechanism of cargo selection unresolved
  3. 2006 High

    Resolved how MAL2 acts dynamically, showing it shuttles between peripheral vesicular clusters and the apical surface and physically segregates cargo from recycling markers.

    Evidence Live-cell imaging with siRNA knockdown of multiple cargoes in polarized HepG2 cells

    PMID:16445687

    Open questions at the time
    • Cytoskeletal and regulatory machinery driving carrier movement not yet identified
  4. 2009 Medium

    Extended MAL2 partners and trafficking to cancer cell surface receptors and to non-epithelial membrane compartments, broadening its functional context.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid/co-IP domain mapping of MUC1 binding in breast cells; SILAC proteomics and EM localizing MAL2 to glutamatergic synaptic vesicles; localization to a Rab11a-positive ARE/SAC compartment in oligodendrocytes

    PMID:19175940 PMID:19683524 PMID:20053882

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role at synaptic vesicles not tested
    • Significance of MUC1 surface stabilization for tumor biology not established
  5. 2010 High

    Connected MAL2 trafficking to actin remodeling through a defined Cdc42-INF2-MAL2 epistatic pathway and demonstrated cargo-selective biosynthetic delivery, linking MAL2 to morphogenesis (lumen formation).

    Evidence Co-IP, dominant-negative/knockdown epistasis and organotypic lumen assays for INF2/Cdc42; gain- and loss-of-function for pIgA-R delivery in MAL2-null and WIF-B cells

    PMID:20444237 PMID:20493814

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of MAL2 association with actin filaments not resolved
    • How cargo selectivity is encoded remains unknown
  6. 2011 Medium

    Distinguished MAL2 biochemically from its paralog MAL and identified a myelin cargo, clarifying that MAL2 lacks raft-coalescing activity and functions in a distinct trafficking branch.

    Evidence Detergent-resistant membrane and density gradient fractionation comparing MAL vs MAL2; co-IP and EM colocalization of PLP with MAL2 in oligodendrocytic HOG cells

    PMID:21573057 PMID:21732912

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which MAL2 mediates transcytosis without raft coalescence unclear
    • Physiological role in myelination not demonstrated in vivo
  7. 2014 Medium

    Identified a TGN-associated kinase partner and a constitutive secretory function, showing MAL2 sorts soluble cargo and prevents its lysosomal degradation.

    Evidence Split-ubiquitin Y2H, co-IP, kinase-dead STK16 and MAL2 knockdown with secretion and lysosome-deacidification assays

    PMID:25084525

    Open questions at the time
    • How STK16 phosphorylation regulates MAL2 not defined
    • Direct substrate of STK16 in this pathway unknown
  8. 2020 Medium

    Mapped a functional EVH1 recognition motif and revealed a protrusion-promoting, anti-invasive role in liver cancer cells, suggesting context-dependent tumor-suppressive actin remodeling.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function and EVH1 site-directed mutagenesis in MAL2-null and Hep3B cells with migration/invasion and invadopodia assays

    PMID:32059473

    Open questions at the time
    • EVH1 ligand partner not identified
    • Reconciliation with oncogenic roles in other cancers unresolved
  9. 2021 High

    Established MAL2 as a driver of tumor immune evasion through MHC-I endocytosis and linked it to receptor signaling complexes, defining its oncogenic mechanism.

    Evidence Co-IP of MAL2 with MHC-I/RAB proteins plus depletion, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor models; PLA and super-resolution imaging of HER2/MAL2 lipid raft complexes; co-IP linking MAL2-IQGAP1 to ERK phosphorylation

    PMID:32990678 PMID:33780861 PMID:34965434

    Open questions at the time
    • Which RAB proteins route MHC-I to degradation not specified
    • IQGAP1/ERK link rests on single co-IP without reciprocal validation
  10. 2024 Medium

    Expanded MAL2 receptor-stabilizing activity to EGFR and defined its transcriptional upstream regulators, connecting MAL2 expression to oncogenic signaling and immune evasion programs.

    Evidence Co-IP and molecular docking of MAL2-EGFR with metabolomics in ICC organoids; ChIP/luciferase for E2F1 and rescue experiments for RAD21 regulation of MAL2 with in vivo validation

    PMID:38866777 PMID:38933871 PMID:41013917

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether receptor stabilization reflects MAL2 trafficking activity vs scaffolding not distinguished
    • Generality of transcriptional control across tissues unknown
  11. 2025 Medium

    Refined the protrusion mechanism by showing MAL2 cooperates with rab17 to redirect Golgi-derived cargo and invadopodia proteins to protrusion tips, separating EVH1-dependent and GTP-dependent steps.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of EVH1 and GTP-binding motifs in MAL2/rab17-null cells with matrix degradation and Golgi trafficking assays

    PMID:39813085

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct EVH1 binding partner still unidentified
    • In vivo relevance of protrusion redistribution untested
  12. 2026 Low

    Connected MAL2 to immunosuppressive cytokine secretion, suggesting it shapes the tumor immune microenvironment beyond MHC-I internalization.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown with ELISA, mass cytometry and tumor models linking MAL2 to CCL22 secretion and Treg recruitment in HCC

    PMID:42212623

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking MAL2 trafficking function to CCL22 secretion not resolved
    • Single-lab functional association without reciprocal validation

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a single raft proteolipid integrates apical transcytosis, constitutive secretion, receptor stabilization, and immune-modulatory cargo trafficking through a common molecular mechanism remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of MAL2 or its cargo/EVH1 recognition
  • Mechanism of cargo selectivity across transcytotic vs biosynthetic routes unknown
  • Direct biophysical demonstration that MAL2 deforms or organizes carrier membranes lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005768 endosome 3 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 3
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
EGFRHER2INF2MUC1PLP1RAB17STK16TPD52

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 MAL2 is an essential component of the machinery for basolateral-to-apical transcytosis in polarized hepatoma HepG2 cells. MAL2 resides selectively in lipid rafts and is predominantly distributed in a subapical endosome compartment. Depletion of endogenous MAL2 drastically blocked transcytotic transport of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and GPI-anchored protein CD59 to the apical membrane, causing their accumulation in perinuclear endosome elements accessible to transferrin. Rescue with depletion-resistant exogenous MAL2 restored normal transcytosis. siRNA depletion, immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation (raft isolation), exogenous rescue experiment in polarized HepG2 cells The Journal of cell biology High 12370246
2001 MAL2 was identified as a novel four-transmembrane MAL proteolipid family member that physically interacts with TPD52-like proteins. The interaction was identified by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed by GST pull-down assay, where in vitro translated MAL2 specifically bound GST-Tpd52. Yeast two-hybrid screen, GST pull-down assay, in vitro translation Genomics Medium 11549320
2006 MAL2 is a highly dynamic protein that mediates GPI-anchored protein transcytosis by shuttling between peripheral vesicular clusters and the apical surface. Live-cell imaging showed that after basolateral endocytosis of CD59, a fraction of MAL2 redistributed into peripheral vesicular clusters containing CD59 and transferrin receptor; following transferrin receptor segregation, these clusters fused into a MAL2-positive globular structure that moved toward the apical surface for cargo delivery. All steps were impaired in MAL2-depleted cells. Live-cell imaging, siRNA knockdown, fluorescence microscopy in polarized HepG2 cells Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) High 16445687
2010 INF2, an atypical formin with actin polymerization and depolymerization activities, is a direct binding partner of MAL2. MAL2-positive vesicular carriers associate with short actin filaments during transcytosis in a process requiring INF2. Cdc42 and INF2 regulate MAL2 dynamics, and all three proteins are sequentially ordered in a pathway: Cdc42 activates INF2 (in a GTP-loaded-dependent manner), which then regulates MAL2-dependent transcytosis and lumen formation. Co-immunoprecipitation (binding partner identification), live-cell imaging, dominant-negative and knockdown experiments, epistasis analysis, organotypic culture lumen formation assay Developmental cell High 20493814
2010 MAL2 selectively mediates delivery of polymeric IgA receptor (pIgA-R) from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in hepatic WIF-B cells. In Clone 9 cells lacking endogenous MAL2, pIgA-R was restricted to the Golgi when expressed alone, but co-expression with MAL2 permitted its delivery to the cell surface; this selectivity was not shared by DPPIV. MAL2 knockdown in WIF-B cells retained pIgA-R in the Golgi and impaired its basolateral delivery, demonstrating a cargo-selective role in biosynthetic trafficking. MAL2 knockdown (siRNA), overexpression in MAL2-null Clone 9 cells, surface delivery assays, fluorescence microscopy Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) High 20444237
2011 MAL, but not MAL2, self-associates and forms higher-order cholesterol-dependent complexes with apical proteins, and promotes formation of detergent-resistant membranes that recruit apical proteins. MAL2 does not share these biochemical properties, indicating that the two family members have distinct roles: MAL in raft coalescence/stabilization for direct apical trafficking and MAL2 in transcytotic pathway without such raft-organizing activity. Biochemical fractionation (detergent-resistant membrane isolation), sucrose density gradient centrifugation, co-immunoprecipitation, cholesterol depletion experiments The Biochemical journal Medium 21732912
2009 MUC1 (mucin 1) is a direct binding partner of MAL2 in breast carcinoma cells. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified MUC1, and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed MAL2/MUC1 interaction in myc-tagged MAL2-expressing MCF-10A cells. Deletion mapping showed the first MAL2 transmembrane domain is required for MUC1 binding, whereas the MAL2 N-terminal domain binds D52-like proteins. MAL2 expression was associated with increased MUC1 detection at the cell surface. Yeast two-hybrid screening, co-immunoprecipitation, deletion mapping, confocal microscopy, sucrose density gradient centrifugation BMC cell biology Medium 19175940
2014 MAL2 interacts with serine/threonine kinase 16 (STK16), a constitutively active Golgi-associated kinase, and together they function to sort secretory soluble cargo (albumin, haptoglobin) into the constitutive secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network. Knockdown of MAL2 or expression of kinase-dead STK16 (E202A) impaired secretion and led to lysosomal degradation of albumin without affecting its synthesis or processing. Split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative kinase-dead mutant expression, temperature-block and lysosome deacidification experiments The Biochemical journal Medium 25084525
2010 MAL2 is a bona fide membrane constituent of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that is preferentially associated with VGLUT-1-containing (glutamatergic) nerve terminals. Subcellular fractionation and immunolocalization at light and electron microscopic levels confirmed its SV membrane localization, and quantitative proteomics showed selective enrichment in VGLUT-1 vesicle fractions compared to VGAT vesicles. Quantitative proteomics (SILAC-based), subcellular fractionation, immunolocalization (light and electron microscopy) The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience Medium 20053882
2021 MAL2 promotes endocytosis of tumor antigens via direct interaction with the MHC-I complex and endosome-associated RAB proteins, thereby reducing antigen presentation on breast tumor cells. Depletion of MAL2 in breast tumor cells enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and suppressed breast tumor growth in preclinical models. Co-immunoprecipitation (MAL2 with MHC-I and RAB proteins), MAL2 depletion, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity assays, in vivo preclinical tumor models The Journal of clinical investigation High 32990678
2021 MAL2 mediates the formation of stable HER2 signaling complexes within lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions in breast cancer cells. MAL2 physically interacts with HER2 in lipid rafts (confirmed by proximity ligation assays), and MAL2-mediated lipid raft formation retains HER2 at the plasma membrane and enhances HER2 signaling. The HER2/MAL2 interaction in lipid rafts was enhanced in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells. HER2/Ezrin/NHERF1/PMCA2 complex organization was resolved by super-resolution structured illumination microscopy. Proximity ligation assay, super-resolution structured illumination microscopy, lipid raft fractionation, calcium imaging Cell reports Medium 34965434
2021 MAL2 interacts with IQGAP1 to increase ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels and thereby promotes pancreatic cancer progression. Co-immunoprecipitation (MAL2-IQGAP1 interaction), western blot for ERK1/2 phosphorylation, overexpression and knockdown experiments Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 33780861
2009 After differentiation, oligodendrocytic cell lines upregulate MAL2, which accumulates in a peri-centrosomal intracellular compartment sharing features of the apical recycling endosome/subapical compartment (ARE/SAC): co-localization with Rab11a, sensitivity to microtubule disruption by nocodazole, and exclusion of internalized transferrin. This MAL2-positive compartment is proposed as a trafficking station for myelin protein sorting. Immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, nocodazole treatment, transferrin uptake assay, differentiation of Oli-neu and HOG cell lines Experimental cell research Medium 19683524
2011 PLP (proteolipid protein), the major myelin protein, directly interacts with MAL2 in oligodendrocytic HOG cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence showed interaction and colocalization after PLP internalization from the plasma membrane, and ultrastructural analysis confirmed colocalization in vesicles and tubulovesicular structures. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy ultrastructural analysis in HOG cells expressing GFP-MAL2 PloS one Medium 21573057
2020 MAL2 promotes actin-based protrusion formation with a reciprocal decrease in invadopodia in hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells, and this activity requires a putative Ena/VASP homology 1 (EVH1) recognition motif. MAL2 overexpression decreased cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, while loss of MAL2 reversed these phenotypes, suggesting an anti-oncogenic/tumor suppressor role through actin remodeling. Exogenous MAL2 expression in MAL2-null Clone 9 cells, endogenous overexpression in Hep3B cells, site-directed mutagenesis of EVH1 motif, cell migration/invasion assays, invadopodia quantification Cancers Medium 32059473
2025 MAL2 and rab17 cooperate to selectively redistribute invadopodia proteins to actin- and cholesterol-dependent lateral protrusion tips, correlating with decreased matrix degradation. MAL2-mediated redistribution requires the putative EVH1 recognition motif, while rab17-mediated redistribution is GTP-dependent. MAL2 and rab17 interaction is GTP-dependent but not dependent on MAL2 EVH1 motifs. Both MAL2 and rab17 can redirect trafficking of newly synthesized membrane proteins from the Golgi to induced protrusions. Exogenous expression in MAL2/rab17-null Clone 9 cells, site-directed mutagenesis (EVH1 motif; GTP-binding mutants), matrix degradation assays, Golgi trafficking assays, fluorescence microscopy Molecular biology of the cell Medium 39813085
2024 MAL2 directly interacts with EGFR and stabilizes EGFR membrane localization in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells, activating the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 axis to promote lipid accumulation. MAL2-EGFR interaction was validated by molecular docking and co-immunoprecipitation. Co-immunoprecipitation, molecular docking, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses, ICC organoids, MAL2 knockdown with functional readouts Cell death & disease Medium 38866777
2024 MAL2 transcription in endometrial cancer is directly activated by the transcription factor RAD21. RAD21 knockdown reduced MAL2 expression; MAL2 knockdown inhibited MHC-I surface expression and impaired antigen presentation-dependent CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity; MAL2 overexpression in the context of RAD21 knockdown restored immune evasion and tumor growth in mice. shRNA knockdown of MAL2 and RAD21, overexpression rescue experiments, in vivo xenograft model, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity assays, MHC-I surface expression analysis Cytotechnology Medium 38933871
2023 MAL2 interacts with β-catenin in breast cancer cells. MAL2 silencing reduced expression of β-catenin and c-Myc; the β-catenin agonist SKL2001 partially rescued c-Myc downregulation and the inhibition of migration and invasion caused by MAL2 knockdown, placing MAL2 upstream of the β-catenin/c-Myc axis. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization, western blot, β-catenin inhibitor and agonist treatment, siRNA knockdown Cancer cell international Low 37480012
2025 E2F1 transcriptionally activates MAL2 expression in bladder cancer cells. ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed direct E2F1 binding to the MAL2 promoter. E2F1 overexpression promoted cancer cell malignant behavior and sunitinib resistance in a manner partially dependent on MAL2, as E2F1 silencing effects were rescued by MAL2 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase reporter assay, overexpression and knockdown, xenograft mouse models Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) Medium 41013917
2026 MAL2 knockdown in hepatocellular carcinoma cells impairs the secretion of CCL22, reducing regulatory T cell recruitment and decreasing production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, thereby reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment. shRNA knockdown, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, mass cytometry, subcutaneous tumor model (H22 cells), scRNA-seq data analysis Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica Low 42212623

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 46 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2010 Quantitative comparison of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic vesicles unveils selectivity for few proteins including MAL2, a novel synaptic vesicle protein. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 150 20053882
2002 MAL2, a novel raft protein of the MAL family, is an essential component of the machinery for transcytosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells. The Journal of cell biology 112 12370246
2021 MAL2 drives immune evasion in breast cancer by suppressing tumor antigen presentation. The Journal of clinical investigation 97 32990678
2010 The formin INF2 regulates basolateral-to-apical transcytosis and lumen formation in association with Cdc42 and MAL2. Developmental cell 83 20493814
2001 Identification of MAL2, a novel member of the mal proteolipid family, though interactions with TPD52-like proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system. Genomics 80 11549320
2010 MAL2 and tumor protein D52 (TPD52) are frequently overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma, but differentially associated with histological subtype and patient outcome. BMC cancer 56 20846453
2004 Expression of MAL and MAL2, two elements of the protein machinery for raft-mediated transport, in normal and neoplastic human tissue. Histology and histopathology 40 15168355
2018 MAL2 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 38 30195491
2014 Establishment of novel in vitro mouse chief cell and SPEM cultures identifies MAL2 as a marker of metaplasia in the stomach. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 36 25190476
2013 MAL2 expression predicts distant metastasis and short survival in pancreatic cancer. Surgery 33 23876361
2011 MAL, but not MAL2, expression promotes the formation of cholesterol-dependent membrane domains that recruit apical proteins. The Biochemical journal 26 21732912
2006 Dynamics of MAL2 during glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein transcytotic transport to the apical surface of hepatoma HepG2 cells. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 25 16445687
2004 Expression of MAL2, an integral protein component of the machinery for basolateral-to-apical transcytosis, in human epithelia. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 25 14729876
2021 MAL2 mediates the formation of stable HER2 signaling complexes within lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions in breast cancer cells. Cell reports 23 34965434
2014 Serine/threonine kinase 16 and MAL2 regulate constitutive secretion of soluble cargo in hepatic cells. The Biochemical journal 23 25084525
2009 Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a novel partner for MAL2 in breast carcinoma cells. BMC cell biology 23 19175940
2018 MiR-129 regulates growth and invasion by targeting MAL2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 22 30021343
2010 MAL2 selectively regulates polymeric IgA receptor delivery from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in WIF-B cells. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 22 20444237
1996 Fission yeast mal2+ is required for chromosome segregation. Molecular and cellular biology 22 8887647
2021 MAL2 interacts with IQGAP1 to promote pancreatic cancer progression by increasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 33780861
2011 Mis17 is a regulatory module of the Mis6-Mal2-Sim4 centromere complex that is required for the recruitment of CenH3/CENP-A in fission yeast. PloS one 21 21445296
2003 Expression and distribution of MAL2, an essential element of the machinery for basolateral-to-apical transcytosis, in human thyroid epithelial cells. Endocrinology 21 14576188
2024 MAL2 reprograms lipid metabolism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via EGFR/SREBP-1 pathway based on single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell death & disease 20 38866777
2023 LINC00460 Facilitates Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Through the miR-320a/MAL2 Axis. Technology in cancer research & treatment 19 36938678
2020 MAL2-Induced Actin-Based Protrusion Formation is Anti-Oncogenic in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers 18 32059473
2021 Immune MAL2-practice: breast cancer immunoevasion via MHC class I degradation. The Journal of clinical investigation 17 33393509
2019 RP11-284F21.9 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma development via the miR-383-5p/MAL2 axis. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 16 31397491
2006 Fta2, an essential fission yeast kinetochore component, interacts closely with the conserved Mal2 protein. Molecular biology of the cell 16 16855021
2009 Characterization of the MAL2-positive compartment in oligodendrocytes. Experimental cell research 15 19683524
2021 LncRNA ST8SIA6-AS1 Promotes Cholangiocarcinoma Progression by Suppressing the miR-145-5p/MAL2 Axis. OncoTargets and therapy 12 34040387
2022 The novel circ_0084904/miR-802/MAL2 axis promotes the development of cervical cancer. Reproductive biology 11 35033901
2011 Interaction of PLP with GFP-MAL2 in the human oligodendroglial cell line HOG. PloS one 10 21573057
2023 Downregulation of MAL2 inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating β-catenin/c-Myc axis. Cancer cell international 9 37480012
2022 Multi-Omics Analysis of the Therapeutic Value of MAL2 Based on Data Mining in Human Cancers. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 8 35111745
2022 Association Mining Identifies MAL2 as a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Colorectal Cancer. OncoTargets and therapy 6 35847380
2020 WITHDRAWN: MiR-216b-5p attenuates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in female rats by targeting MAL2 and inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neurochemistry international 4 33259862
2023 Sorafenib Resistance Contributed by IL7 and MAL2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Can Be Overcome by Autophagy-Inducing Stapled Peptides. Cancers 3 37958451
2024 High MAL2 expression predicts shorter survival in women with triple-negative breast cancer. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 2 38769215
2024 ATF1 regulates MAL2 expression through inhibition of miR-630 to mediate the EMT process that promotes cervical cancer cell development and metastasis. Journal of gynecologic oncology 2 38991944
2024 Extracellular putrescine can augment the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells by promoting MAL2 expression by elevating H3K27ac in its promoter region. American journal of cancer research 2 39005660
2026 Astragalus Polysaccharide Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression by Regulating METTL3-Mediated MAL2 m6A Modification. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 1 41605797
2025 MAL2 and rab17 selectively redistribute invadopodia proteins to laterally-induced protrusions in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Molecular biology of the cell 1 39813085
2024 Activation of MAL2 by RAD21 inhibits the expression of MHC-I in immune evasion of endometrial cancer. Cytotechnology 1 38933871
2026 MAL2 drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression by recruiting regulatory T cells via CCL22 and inducing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 0 42212623
2025 E2F1-induced transcriptional activation of MAL2 inhibits sunitinib sensitivity and promotes the malignant progression of bladder cancer. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) 0 41013917
2024 Understanding Interactions between a Potential Antimalarial 'MAL2-11B' and its Targets using In Silico Methods. Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets 0 39185651

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